Transportation and Early

Industrialization from 1800 - 1860Industrialization from 1800 - 1860

Leaving the horse and buggy in its

wake

Transportation Developments

• Unpaved roads

• Paved turnpikes (toll roads) (where did name

come from)

• National Road (Cumberland Road)• National Road (Cumberland Road)

• Canal building

• Steamboat (Fulton)

• Clipper ships

Dirt roads

Fulton’s Folly

Erie Canal

Clipper ships

• What economic changes were are caused by

the new developments in transportation?

Transportation Change - Economic

• National market economy developed

• Freights rates reduced

• Agricultural commodities and farm product values

went up

– Ohio, Indiana and Illinois became the breadbasket– Ohio, Indiana and Illinois became the breadbasket

• Extended slavery

• Industrialization emerges

Transportation Change – court cases

• Gibbons v. Ogden

– the federal commerce clause, in effect, outranked a state

law that had granted a monopoly to one group of

people.

• Charles River Bridge case• Charles River Bridge case

– The interests of the community are more important than

the interests of business; the supremacy of society’s

interest over private interest

• Clay’s American System

Clay’s American System

• Protective tariffs

• Internal improvements

• Increased trade between all sections of

the countrythe country

• Federal funds for a national

transportation system

73

• What social changes were caused by new

methods of transportation?

Transportation Change - Social

• Urbanization began

• Westward Movement

• Education spread

• Admission of new states• Admission of new states

• Immigration

– Irish and German

• Lowell Factory System

Workers in Early Factories• The "Lowell System"

– employment of young women who were then housed

in dormitories

– The paternalistic factory system did not last long

• in the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were • in the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were

eager to cut labor costs

• Immigrant would work for less than the women

• Women and immigrants

– were powerless to affect pay rates or working

conditions

Effects of Transportation

• The first major transportation project linking the

East to the trans-Allegheny West

– Lancaster Turnpike

• The turnpikes, canals, and steamboats as new

transportation links encouragedtransportation links encouraged

– lowering of freight rates

– economic growth

– rising land values

– migration of peoples

lancaster turnpike

Effects of Transportation cont

• The Erie Canal revolutionized domestic markets

– transfer of goods from New York to New Orleans along inland waterways

– tied the manufacturing of the East to the farming of the West

• Population movement between 1790 and 1840• Population movement between 1790 and 1840

– the Atlantic coast to the areas between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River

Industrialization• Rise of the factory system

– The most profound economic development by mid-19c

America

• The rise of manufacturing in the United States

– stoppages of trade by the embargoes and the War of

1812.1812.

• The American system of manufacturing, which

emerged in the early 1800s

– interchangeable parts to allow for mass production of

high-quality items. (whitney)

Cotton Gin

Industrialization

• The beginning of the Early American Industrial

Revolution during the early 1800s (why)

– technological advances imported from England

– the appearance of better transportation systems– the appearance of better transportation systems

– new inventions such as the cotton gin

– backing from the Constitution

Industrialization• During the 1820s and 1830s, the growth of business

was assisted by all of the following developments

– specialization of stores

– improvement in the distribution of goods

– emergence of new general incorporation laws

– favorable Supreme Court decisions

• Effects on slavery in the South

– rapid growth in the textile industry encouraged Southern

planters to grow cotton, thereby making slavery more

important to the economy.