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Newton's Laws Vectors, Free Body Diagrams, & Inclined PlanesIncludes Friction, Weight, Universal Gravitation, and Linear Spring Force
A) 170. m/s B) 214 m/sC) 226 m/s D) 270. m/s
1. An airplane traveling north at 220. meters per secondencounters a 50.0-meters-per-secondcrosswind from west to east, as represented in thediagram below.
What is the resultant speed of the plane?
A) B)
C) D)
2. The diagram below represents two concurrent forcesacting on a point. Which vector best represents theirequilibrant?
A)
B)
C)
D)
3. Which vector diagram best represents an objectmoving at constant velocity as it travels to the righton a horizontal surface?
A)
B)
C)
D)
4. Which vector diagram best represents an objectaccelerating as it travels to the right on a horizontalsurface? A)
B)
C)
5. Which diagram represents the box with the largest netforce?
A) B)
C) D)
6. Which vector below best represents the equilibriant ofthe two vectors shown to the right?
Base your answers to questions 7 and 8 on the information below.
A stream is 30. meters wide and its current flows southward at 1.5 meters per second. A toy boat islaunched with a velocity of 2.0 meters per second eastward from the west bank of the stream.
A) 0.5 m/s B) 2.5 m/s C) 3.0 m/s D) 3.5 m/s
7. What is the magnitude of the boat's resultant velocity as it crosses the stream?
A) 8.6 s B) 12 s C) 15 s D) 60. s
8. How much time is required for the boat to reach the opposite bank of the stream?
A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same
9. Note that the following question has only threechoices.A 6.0-newton force and an 8.0-newton force actconcurrently on a point. As the angle between theseforces increases from 0° to 90°, the magnitude of theirresultant
A)
B)
C)
D)
10. Two 30.-newton forces act concurrently on anobject. In which diagram would the forces produce aresultant with a magnitude of 30. newtons?
A) B)
C) D)
11. Which vector diagram represents the greatest magnitude of displacement for an object?
A) decreases B) increasesC) remains the same
12. The diagram below shows a force of magnitude F applied to a mass at angle relative to a horizontalfrictionless surface.
As angle is decreased, the horizontal accelerationof the mass
A) 0 N B) 50.0 NC) 86.7 N D) 100. N
13. A force of 100. Newtons is applied to an object at anangle of 30° from the horizontal as shown in thediagram below. If the object is pulled at constantspeed, what is the force of friction acting on theobject?
A) B)
C) D)
14. Which combination of initial horizontal velocity, (vH) and initial vertical velocity, (vv) results in thegreatest horizontal range for a projectile over levelground? [Neglect friction.]
A) FH = 3.5 N and FV = 4.9 NB) FH = 4.9 N and FV = 3.5 NC) FH = 14 N and FV = 20. ND) FH = 20. N and FV = 14 N
15. The vector diagram below represents the horizontalcomponent, FH, and the vertical component, FV, of a24-newton force acting at 35° above the horizontal.
What are the magnitudes of the horizontal andvertical components?
A) 7.0 N B) 8.0 N C) 10 N D) 13 N
16. A block weighing 10.0 newtons is on a rampinclined at 30.0° to the horizontal. A 3.0-newtonforce of friction, Ff, acts on the block as it is pulledup the ramp at constant velocity with force F, whichis parallel to the ramp, as shown in the diagrambelow.
What is the magnitude of force F?
A)
B)
C)
D)
17. The diagram below represents a block at rest on anincline.
Which diagram best represents the forces acting onthe block? (Ff = frictional force, FN = normal force,and Fw = weight.)
A) 1.0 N and 4.0 N B) 2.0 N and 3.0 NC) 3.0 N and 4.0 N D) 5.0 N and 5.0 N
18. A 5.0-newton force could have perpendicularcomponents of
A) B)
C) D)
19. Two aluminum spheres of identical mass and identical charge q hang from strings of equal length. Ifthe spheres are in equilibrium, which diagram best represents the direction of each force acting on thespheres?
A) 150. N B) 260. NC) 300. N D) 350. N
20. The diagram below shows a person exerting a300.-newton force on the handle of a shovel thatmakes an angle of 60.° with the horizontal ground.
The component of the 300.-newton force that actsperpendicular to the ground is approximately
21. Base your answer to the following question on the information below. In a drill during basketball practice, a player runs the length of the 30.-meter court and back.The player does this three times in 60. seconds.
A) 0.0 m B) 30. m C) 60. m D) 180 m
The magnitude of the player's total displacement after running the drill is
A) vector quantity and has a direction associatedwith it
B) vector quantity and does not have a directionassociated with it
C) scalar quantity and has a direction associatedwith it
D) scalar quantity and does not have a directionassociated with it
22. The speedometer in a car does not measure the car’svelocity because velocity is a
A) magnitude, onlyB) direction, onlyC) both magnitude and directionD) neither magnitude nor direction
23. The diagram below shows a worker using a rope topull a cart.
The workers pull on the handle of the cart can bestbe described as a force having
A) less than the magnitude of the rock's weight,but greater than zero
B) greater than the magnitude of the rock's weightC) the same as the magnitude of the rock's weightD) zero
24. A rock is thrown straight up into the air. At thehighest point of the rock's path, the magnitude of thenet force acting on the rock is
A) a 0.010-kg bullet traveling at 90. m/sB) a 30.-kg child traveling at 10. m/s on her bikeC) a 490-kg elephant walking with a speed of 1.0
m/sD) a 1500-kg car at rest in a parking lot
25. Which object has the greatest inertia?
A) 1.0 m/s2 west B) 5.0 m/s2 eastC) 0.20 m/s2 east D) 0 m/s2
26. A force of 25 newtons east and a force of 25newtons west act concurrently on a 5.0-kilogramcart. What is the acceleration of the cart?
A) a falling leafB) a softball in flightC) a seated high school studentD) a rising helium-filled toy balloon.
27. Which object has the greatest inertia?
28. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows a 1.0-newton metaldisk resting on an index card that is balanced on top of a glass.
A) inertia B) charge C) shape D) temperature
When the index card is quickly pulled away from the glass in a horizontal direction, the disk fallsstraight down into the glass. This action is a result of the disk's
A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same
29. In the diagram below, a 10.-kilogram block is at reston a plane inclined at 15° to the horizontal.
As the angle of the incline is increased to 30.°, themass of the block will
A) downward at constant speedB) upward at constant speedC) downward at increasing speedD) upward at increasing speed
30. A person is standing on a bathroom scale in anelevator car. If the scale reads a value greater thanthe weight of the person at rest, the elevator carcould be moving
A) the weight B) the normal forceC) friction D) zero
31. Three forces act on a box on an inclined plane asshown in the diagram below. [Vectors are not drawnto scale.]
If the box is at rest, the net force acting on it is equalto
A) B)
C) D)
32. A ball rolls through a hollow semicircular tube lyingflat on a horizontal tabletop. Which diagram bestshows the path of the ball after emerging from thetube, as viewed from above?
A) gravitation B) action-reactionC) acceleration D) inertia
33. A rocket in space can travel without engine power atconstant speed in the same direction. This conditionis best explained by the concept of
A) The object must be at rest.B) The object must be slowing down.C) The object may be speeding up.D) The object may be in motion.
34. Which statement about the movement of an objectwith zero acceleration is true?
35. Base your answer to the following question on the graphs below which represent various phenomenain physics. [Note: A graph may be used more than once.]
A) A B) B C) C D) D
Which graph best represents the relationship between position and time for an object in dynamicequilibrium?
A) 0 to 2 B) 2 to 3C) 3 to 4 D) 4 to 5
36. The graph represents the net force acting on anobject as a function of time. During which timeinterval is the velocity of the object constant?
A) 0 N B) 1.60 x 102 NC) 6.40 x 102 N D) 5.12 x 105 N
37. A 160.-kilogram space vehicle is traveling in a circleof radius 200m at a constant speed of 800. metersper second. The magnitude of the net force on thespace vehicle is
A) moves at constant speed to the rightB) moves at constant speed to the leftC) accelerate to the rightD) accelerate to the left
38. Four forces act concurrently on a block on ahorizontal surface as shown in the diagram below.
As a result of these forces, the block
A) 0.20 kg/N B) 5.0 N/kgC) 9.8 m/s2 D) 25 000 Nkg
39. At a certain location, a gravitational force with amagnitude of 350 newtons acts on a 70.-kilogramastronaut. What is the magnitude of the gravitationalfield strength at this location?
A) less than the weight of the student when at restB) greater than the weight of the student when at
restC) less than the force of the floor on the studentD) greater than the force of the floor on the student
40. A student is standing in an elevator that isaccelerating downward. The force that the studentexerts on the floor of the elevator must be
A) 6.0 m/s2 B) 2.0 m/s2C) 3.0 m/s2 D) 4.0 m/s2
41. The diagram below shows a horizontal 12-newtonforce being applied to two blocks, A and B, initiallyat rest on a horizontal, frictionless surface. Block A has a mass of 1.0 kilogram and block B has a massof 2.0 kilograms.
The magnitude of the acceleration of block B is
A) F B) C) 9F D) 81F
42. Earth's mass is approximately 81 times the mass ofthe Moon. If Earth exerts a gravitational force ofmagnitude F on the Moon, the magnitude of thegravitational force of the Moon on Earth is
A) 1.2 N B) 2.4 N C) 4.8 N D) 9.6 N
43. Two similar metal spheres, A and B, have charges of+2.0 × 10–6 coulomb and +1.0 × 10–6 coulomb,respectively, as shown in the diagram below.
The magnitude of the electrostatic force on A due to B is 2.4 newtons. What is the magnitude of theelectrostatic force on B due to A?
A) B)
C) D)
44. The diagram below shows a 5.00-kilogram block atrest on a horizontal, frictionless table.
Which diagram best represents the force exerted onthe block by the table?
A) attractive, onlyB) repulsive, onlyC) neither attractive nor repulsiveD) both attractive and repulsive
45. Gravitational forces differ from electrostatic forcesin that gravitational forces are
A) 5.0 × 100 N B) 3.3 × 10 –10 NC) 6.7 × 10 –11 N D) 1.3 × 10 –11 N
46. What is the magnitude of the gravitational forcebetween two 5.0-kilogram masses separated by adistance of 5.0 meters?
A) doubling the mass of both objects, onlyB) doubling the distance between the objects, onlyC) doubling the mass of both objects and doubling
the distance between the objectsD) doubling the mass of one object and doubling
the distance between the objects
47. The gravitational force of attraction between twoobjects would be increased by
A)
B)
C)
D)
48. Gravitational force exists between point objects and separated by distance . If the mass of isdoubled and distance is tripled, what is the newgravitational force between and ?
A) the same B) twice as greatC) one-half as great D) one-fourth as great
49. Compared to the mass of an object at the surface ofthe Earth, the mass of the object a distance of twoEarth radii from the center of the Earth is
A) 20 m/s2 B) 2.0 m/s2C) 80 m/s2 D) 40 m/s2
50. The weight of a 2.0-kilogram mass on planet A is 40Newtons. The acceleration due to gravity on planet A is closest to
A)
B)
C)
D)
51. In which diagram do the field lines best represent thegravitational field around Earth?
A)
B)
C)
D)
52. Which graph represents the relationship between themagnitude of the gravitational force exerted by Earthon a spacecraft and the distance between the centerof the spacecraft and center of Earth? [Assumeconstant mass for the spacecraft.]
A) half as great B) twice as greatC) one-fourth as great D) four times as great
53. The diagram below represents two satellites of equalmass, A and B, in circular orbits around a planet.
Compared to the magnitude of the gravitationalforce of attraction between satellite A and the planet,the magnitude of the gravitational force of attractionbetween satellite B and the planet is
A) 50 N B) 100 NC) 400 N D) 800 N
54. A satellite weighs 200 newtons on the surface ofEarth. What is its weight at a distance of one Earthradius above the surface of Earth?
A) 638 N B) 394 NC) 105 N D) 65.0 N
55. A container of rocks with a mass of 65.0 kilogramsis brought back from the Moon’s surface where theacceleration due to gravity is 1.62 meters per second2. What is the weight of the container of rocks onEarth’s surface?
A) 0 NB) between 0 N and 10 NC) 10 ND) greater than 10N
56. When a 10-newton horizontal force is applied to abox on a horizontal tabletop, the box remains at rest.The force of static friction acting on the box is
A) less than 10. N B) greater than 10. NC) 10. N
57. A 2.0 kg wooden block is at rest on a horizontal steelsurface. If a 10.-Newton force applied parallel to thesurface is required to set the block in motion, howmuch force is required to keep the block moving atconstant velocity?
A) A B) BC) C D) DE) none of the above
58. The diagram below represents a block sliding downan incline.
Which vector best represents the force due to gravityacting on the block?
A) 5.0 N B) 10. N C) 20. N D) 40. N
59. The diagram below shows a 4.0-kilogram objectaccelerating at 10. meters per second2 on a roughhorizontal surface.
What is the magnitude of the frictional force Ff acting on the object?
A) aluminum B) brassC) copper D) steel
60. The table below lists the coefficients of kineticfriction for four materials sliding over steel.
A -kilogram block of each of these materials ispulled horizontally across a steel floor at constantvelocity. Which block requires the largest appliedforce to keep it moving at constant velocity?
A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same
61. The diagram below shows a block sliding down aplane inclined at angle with the horizontal.
As angle is increased, the coefficient of kineticfriction between the bottom surface of the block andthe surface of the incline will
A) 0.57 N B) 074 NC) 171 N D) 222 N
62. According to your reference table, ApproximateCoefficents of Friction, what is the minimumhorizontal force needed to start a 300. N steel blockon a steel table in motion?
A) 0.17 m/s2 B) 6.0 m/s2C) 9.8 m/s2 D) 50. m/s2
63. The graph below shows the weight of three objectson planet X as a function of their mass.
The acceleration due to gravity on planet X is
A)
B)
C)
D)
64. At a given location on the earth's surface, whichgraph best represents the relationship between anobject's mass (M) and weight (W) ?
65. Base your answer to the following question on Thegraph below represents the elongation of a spring asa function of the applied force.
A) 4.8 m/N B) 60 m/NC) 4.8 N/m D) 0.017 N/mE) 60 N/m
What is the value of the spring constant?
A) A B) B C) C D) D
66. The graph below represents the relationship betweenthe force applied to a spring and spring elongationfor four different springs.
Which spring has the smallest spring constant?
A) 0 N B) 2.1 N C) 7.7 N D) 8.0 N
67. An 8.0-newton block is accelerating down africtionless ramp inclined at 15° to the horizontal, asshown in the diagram below.
What is the magnitude of the normal force acting onthe block?
A) 1.4 103 N B) 1.0 104 NC) 1.4 104 N D) 9.9 104 N
68. The diagram below shows a 1.0 × 105-newton truckat rest on a hill that makes an angle of 8.0° with thehorizontal.
What is the component of the truck's weight parallelto the hill?
Base your answers to questions 69 and 70 on the passage and data table below.
The net force on a planet is due primarily to the other planets and the Sun. By taking into account allthe forces acting on a planet, investigators calculated the orbit of each planet.A small discrepancy between the calculated orbit and the observed orbit of the planet Uranus wasnoted. It appeared that the sum of the forces on Uranus did not equal its mass times its acceleration,unless there was another force on the planet that was not included in the calculation. Assuming thatthis force was exerted by an unobserved planet, two scientists working independently calculatedwhere this unknown planet must be in order to account for the discrepancy. Astronomers pointed theirtelescopes in the predicted direction and found the planet we now call Neptune.
69. The diagram represents Neptune, Uranus, and the Sun in a straight line. Neptune is 1.63 × 1012 meters from Uranus.
Calculate the magnitude of the interplanetary force of attraction between Uranus and Neptune at thispoint. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]- 2points
70. What fundamental force is the author referring to in this passage as a force between planets?
Base your answers to questions 71 through 74 on the information and diagram below.
Force A with a magnitude of 5.6 newtons and force B with a magnitude of 9.4 newtons actconcurrently on point P.
71. Determine the scale used in the diagram. [1]
1.0 cm = ____________ N
72. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force.
73. Report the direction of the Resultant Force withrespect to vector B.
74. Determine the angle between the Resultant Forceand Force B? [1]
Base your answers to questions 75 and 76 on the information below. A river has a current flowing with a velocity of 2.0 meters per second due east. A boat is 75meters from the north riverbank. It travels at 3.0 meters per second relative to the river and isheaded due north. In the diagram below, the vector starting at point P represents the velocity of theboat relative to the river water.
75. On the diagram below, use a ruler and protractor to construct a vector representing the velocity of theriver current. Begin the vector at point P and use a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 0.50 meter per second.
76. Calculate or find graphically the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the boat. [Show all work,including the equation and substitution with units or construct the resultant velocity vector for thegraph, using a scale of 1.0 centimeter = 0.50 meter per second. The value of the magnitude must bewritten below]
77. Base your answer to the following question on theinformation below.
The instant before a batter hits a 0.15-kilogrambaseball, the velocity of the ball is 45 meters persecond east. The instant after the batter hits the ball,the ball's velocity is 50 meters per second west. Thebat and ball are in contact for 9.8 ×10–3second.Determine the magnitude and direction of theaverage acceleration of the baseball while it is incontact with the bat.
78. Base your answer to the following question on theinformation below.
A force of 10. Newtons toward the right is exertedon a 2.5 kg wooden crate initially moving to the rightso that it experiences a net force of 2.5
a Calculate the magnitude of the force of frictionbetween the crate and the floor.b On the diagram, draw and label all vertical forcesacting on the crate.c On the diagram,draw and label all horizontal forcesacting on the crate.
Base your answers to questions 79 through 81 on theinformation and diagram below.
The following diagram is provided for practicepurposes only. A 10.0-kilogram block slides atconstant speed down a plane inclined at 20.° to thehorizontal, as shown.
79. On the diagram in your response booklet, draw anarrow to represent and identify the direction of eachof the three forces (weight, friction, normal force)acting on the block. Begin each arrow at point C andlabel each arrow with the force that it represents.
80. Determine the Normal Force. [Show all calculations,including the equation and substitution with units.]
81. In one or more complete sentences, describe thechange in the motion of the block as the angle ofinclination is increased to 30.°
Base your answers to questions 82 through 85 on the information below.
A girl rides her bicycle 1.40 kilometers west, 0.70 kilometer south, and 0.30 kilometer east in12 minutes. The vector diagram below represents the girl's fist two displacements in sequencefrom point P. The scale used in the diagram is 1.0 centimeter = 0.20 kilometer.
82. Starting at the arrowhead of the second displacement vector, draw a vector to represent the 0.30kilometer east displacement. Label the vector with its magnitude.
83. Draw the vector representing the resultant displacement of the girl for the entire bicycle trip and labelthe vector R.
84. Calculate the girl's average speed for the entire bicycle trip. [Show all work, including the equationand substitution with units.]
85. Determine the magnitude of the girl's resultant displacement for the entire bicycle trip, in kilometers.
86. Base your answer to the following question on the information below.
A force of 60. newtons is applied to a rope to pull a sled across a horizontal surface at a constantvelocity. The rope is at an angle of 30. degrees above the horizontal.
Determine the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the sled.
87. Base your answer to the following question on the information and diagram below.
A 30.4-newton force is used to slide a 40.0-newton crate a distance of 6.00 meters at constantspeed along an incline to a vertical heights of 3.00 meters.
(a) What is the magnitude of the parallel component of the weight?(b) What is the magnitude of the frictional force?
Base your answers to questions 88 through 92 on the information below.
In a laboratory investigation, a student applied various downward forces to a vertical spring.The applied forces and the corresponding elongations of the spring from its equilibrium positionare recorded in the data table below.
Directions: Construct a graph on the grid below, following the directions below.
88. Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled "Force (N)", plot your data points, and determine thebest-fit curve
89. Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled "Force (N)."
90. Plot the data points for force versus elongation.
91. Draw the best-fit line or curve.
92. Using your graph, calculate the spring constant of this spring. [Show all work, including the equationand substitution with units.]
