Newsletter Volume 2 No. 2

IKATAN ILMUWAN INDONESIA INTERNASIONAL NewsLetter Vol. 2 No. 2 – Desember 2014

INTERNATIONAL INDONESIAN SCHOLARS ASSOCIATION Halaman 1 dari 17

I-4 VOICE SUARA I-4

DAFTAR ISI

HIGHLIGHT THIS EDITION: ...................................... 1

Asean Emerging Knowledge: .............................. 1

Konferensi Indonesia Focus 2014: ...................... 1

The Diaspora Phenomenon: ............................... 1

I-4 di WIKIPEDIA .................................................. 1

KETUA I-4 Menyapa: ............................................... 2

I-4 di Wikipedia ....................................................... 2

SUARA SEBERANG .................................................. 3

ASEAN Emerging Knowledge Economies: From 1.0 to 2.0 – ISIC, UK. ........................................... 3

Konferensi Indonesia Focus 2014 ....................... 3

Forum DIASPORA Indonesia 2 ............................ 5

ENGLISH SECTION: .................................................. 7

I-4 Say Hello: ....................................................... 7

ASEAN Emerging Knowledge Economies ............ 7

Indonesian Focus 2014 ....................................... 9

Indonesian Diaspora National Convention ....... 10

The Diaspora Phenomenon: Beyond Classical Human Migration to 21st century ..................... 14

TAK KENAL MAKA TAK SAYANG ............................ 17

HIGHLIGHT THIS EDITION:

Asean Emerging Knowledge:

Konferensi Indonesia Focus 2014:

The Diaspora Phenomenon:

I-4 di WIKIPEDIA



KETUA I-4 Menyapa:

Assalaamu' alaikum Wr. Wb. dan salam sejahtera bagi kita semua… Tahun 2014 sebentar lagi akan berakhir. I-4 selama setahun ini berusaha untuk

memberikan pengabdiannya kepada Indonesia sesuai dengan kemampuan dan keterbatasan organisasi kami.

Perbaikan secara internal sudah kami lakukan dengan memperkuat status badan hukum I4 menjadi yayasan untuk memperlancar yuridis dan pergerakan I-4 ke depannya. Juga dalam artian financial, kami memberikan transparansi dalam laporan pengelolaan dana organisasi. Tak lupa, kami juga memberikan kesempatan bagi pihak eksternal yang ingin berkolaborasi dan berminat menjadi donatur kami demi kelancaran aktivitas organisasi. Begitu pula dengan pentingnya dokumentasi media cetak, online dan sos-med I-4 juga kami tingkatkan menjadi lebih baik dengan menggunakan domain I-4.or.id yang merupakan domain berbayar. Dari segi kegiatan operasional, Tim I-4 di luar negeri dan di dalam negeri berusaha untuk tetap aktif dan berkolaborasi melalui tiga partnership: implementation partnership, knowledge partnership, dan financial partnership. Oleh karena itu banyak kegiatan I-4 di tahun 2014 yang merupakan kegiatan kolaborasi dengan organisasi lain seperti Diaspora Indonesia, PPI Dunia, IASI, GWKZ, BNI bank, universitas di luar dan dalam negeri, serta pihak-pihak yang lain. Sedangkan kegiatan online, I-4 tetap dan lebih meningkatkan kegiatan kuliah online dan I-4 talk dengan menampilkan para profesional, inspirator, yang sudah teruji kecakapannya di dunia internasional. Pemilihan juga didasarkan atas diversity dalam artian gender, pengalaman hidup

dan profesionalitas, negara dimana mereka berasal, dan prestasi. Intinya, nara sumber yang terpilih merupakan pejuang dan duta Indonesia di dalam dan di luar negeri yang memberikan kontribusi terbaik bagi pertiwi di manapun mereka berada. Di tahun 2015, tentunya kami berharap agar dibawah pemerintahan Bapak Presiden Joko Widodo dan kabinet kerja, I-4 dapat memberikan pengalaman dan expertise nya dalam 13 kluster keilmuan kepada Pemerintah Indonesia dan juga kepada Dewan legislatif yang terhormat terutama komisi 10: komisi pendidikan. Peran I-4 bisa menjadi think thank dan juga tim ombudsman yang berfungsi memberikan masukan, contoh studi kasus, empiris data, dan analisis atas suatu phenomena. Harapan ini semoga tetap terus diperjuangkan oleh I-4 sampai kapan pun. Pentingnya kerjasama dan diberikannya platform oleh kalangan organisasi senafas, pihak Pemerintah Indonesia, dan support dari masyarakat pendidikan dan sciencen teknologi kepada I-4 sangat kami harapkan. I-4 akan selalu berusaha untuk tetap membantu Indonesia dengan segala kemampuan sekaligus keterbatasannya didalam koridor ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Salam hangat dari kami dan atas nama segenap keluarga besar I-4 dan pengurus intinya, kami mengucapkan terima kasih 2014 dan selamat datang 2015 Wass wr wb Dessy Irawati, PhD, FeRSA, Ketua Umum I-4 periode 2013-2015

I-4 di Wikipedia

Saat ini digawangi oleh tim Media, sedang diupdate isi dari situs Wikipedia I-4 yang bisa diakses di alamat berikut : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-4

http://i-4.or.id/

http://i-4.or.id/

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-4



SUARA SEBERANG

ASEAN Emerging Knowledge Economies: From 1.0 to 2.0 – ISIC, UK.

Asia Tenggara adalah sebuah kawasan di benua Asia bagian tenggara. Kawasan ini mencakup area Indochina dan Semenanjung Malaya serta kepulauan di sekitarnya. Asia Tenggara berbatasan dengan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok di sebelah utara, Samudra Pasifik di timur, Samudra Hindia di selatan, dan Samudra Hindia, Teluk Benggala, dan anak benua India di barat. Kawasan ini, termasuk area yang selalu menarik untuk dicermati, khususnya dari sisi economic development, politik dan sociocultural studies, sebagaimana terungkap dalam keynote speech dari Dr. Dessy Irawati, Ph.D. FeRSA dalam perhelatan akbar ISIC 2014, 14th Indonesian Scholars International Convention di UK yang merupakan kerjasama antara PPI UK dengan I-4, dan bertemakan “Rediscovering Indonesia’s Potential Facing the Challenge of Asian Economic Community (AEC)”. Pada paparannya, didapatkan bahwa telah terjadi pergeseran yang cukup penting dalam Knowledge Economy versi tradisionil atau bisa disebut sebagai Knowledge Economy 1.0, yang berubah ke 2.0. Gambar berikut menjelaskannya secara gamblang:

Gambar 1 Changes in ECONOMY

Dalam gambar itu terlihat bahwa perekonomian secara umum sudah berubah, dari yang sebelumnya hanya berdampak pada suatu area local, sekarang sudah merambah area sekitarnya. Tampak terlihat disana, bahwa yang dulunya lebih mempergunakan telepon selular, email dan internet, sekarang ini lebih fokus pada perangkat-perangkat yang terhubung – connected devices. Dari sisi perkembangan Information System, era yang terjadi saat ini bukan lagi era Informasi, namun lebih ke era Knowlegdge, tak terkecuali hal ini terlihat di sektor ekonomi. Dan pusatnya adalah terpusat pada individu-individu – “stresses the role of individuals as the principal agents of knowledge creation within social networks”. Perubahan ini selayaknya juga diterapkan untuk kawasan yang sangat aktif, ini, ASEAN dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa faktor berikut: ‘Spatially sticky’ individuals: Setiap orang/individu selalu terhubungkan dengan tempat dimana ia tinggal dan bekerja serta fungsi dari suatu tempat dimana dalam konteks ASEAN, diharapkan adanya kolaborasi antar Negara ASEAN dan segala individu di dalamnya. Socio-cultural diversity and knowledge creation Dengan adanya socio-cultural diversity mendorong adanya keterbukaan dan toleransi yang tinggi akan hal-hal yang baru dan berbeda. Beberapa item lainnya bisa dilihat dan dibaca dengan jelas pada http://sr-indonesia.com/in-the-journal/view/asean-s-emerging-knowledge-economies-from-1-0-to-2-0

Konferensi Indonesia Focus 2014

Konferensi Indonesia Focus tahun 2014 telah dilangsungkan di Columbus Ohio - Amerika Serikat pada tanggal 7-8 Nopember 2014. Konferensi ini diorganisir oleh Asian Society for International Relations and Public Affairs (ASIRPA) yang saat ini diketuai oleh Dr. Nurhaya Muchtar (Indiana University of Pennsylvania) bekerja sama dengan College of Education and Human Ecology di Ohio State University.

http://sr-indonesia.com/in-the-journal/view/asean-s-emerging-knowledge-economies-from-1-0-to-2-0





Figure 1 Bersama Dr. Liddle & Dr. Fourry

Tahun ini, Indonesia Focus menerima hampir 100 makalah yang berasal dari 21 universitas di Indonesia dan 5 universitas di Amerika Serikat. Thema yang ditampilkan cukup beragam mulai dari Ekonomi, Agama, Perubahan Iklim sampai dengan bidang Informatika. Banyak dari presenter adalah mahasiswa Indonesia yang sedang menyelesaikan pendidikan lanjutannya di Amerika. Namun ada juga mereka yang datang langsung dari Indonesia. Konferensi sendiri dibuka secara resmi oleh Konsul Jendral Republik Indonesia di Chicago, Bapak Andriana Supandy. Dalam sambutannya beliau berharap agar konferensi ini bisa memberikan kontribusi untuk perkembangan masa depan Indonesia. Sebagai keynote speakers, Indonesia Focus 2014 menampilkan Bapak Dr. William Liddle, seorang pakar Indonesia dari Ohio State University dan Dr. Sue Dechow (Former Director and Co-founder of USINTEC - US/Indonesia Teacher Education Consortium). Dalam paparannya yang berjudul "The Rise of Critical Democrats: Reflections on 15 years of Democracy in Indonesia", Dr. Liddle menganalisa Demokrasi di Indonesia menggunakan Political Economy Model yang meliputi: (1) Komitmen terhadap Demokrasi, (2) Evaluasi terhadap prestasi demokrasi, dan (3) Evaluasi terhadap prestasi pemerintahan. Data yang ditampilkan berdasarkan 15 tahun survey ditingkat nasional. Data menunjukan bahwa komitmen terhadap demokrasi di Indonesia cukup

tinggi, dan evaluasi terhadap prestasi demokrasi cukup bagus. Hanya saja evaluasi terhadap prestasi pemerintah masih relatif rendah. Dr. Dechow dalam uraiannya yang bertema "International Collaboration in Teacher Education: Reflections on 25 years of Indonesian development & reform" menyampaikan sejarah perkembangan US/Indonesia Teacher Education Consortium (USINTEC) yang memberi kesempatan pada dosen ilmu pendidikan di Indonesia untuk menempuh pendidikan pasca sarjana dalam bentuk Dual Master Program ataupun Doctoral Sandwich Program. Beliau menyampaikan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam menjalin dan menjaga kerjasama dengan institusi-institusi di Indonesia. Beliau memberikan berapa point yang menjadi tantangan dalam berkolaborasi dengan Indonesia. Tantangan tersebut termasuk: 1) Memerlukan diskusi langsung (face-to-face)

untuk mendorong agenda-agenda yang ada dan melewati rintangan-rintangan yang ada,

2) Meletakan beban untuk perjalanan dan biaya pengembangan pada pihak negara lain,

3) Tidak adanya keputusan yang tepat waktu untuk memberikan beasiswa bagi pasca sarjana di luar negeri,

4) Pemeran kunci selalu berganti-ganti, 5) Keputusan yang dibuat di tingkat atas, tidak

dikomunikasikan dengan cukup ke tingkat pelaksanaan dibawahnya,

6) Pergantian rektor sering mengakibatkan "not-invented here" syndrom,

7) Penyeragaman persepsi yang berhubungan dengan kolaborasi harus terus menerus dilakukan.

Keynote speaker ketiga yang sedianya akan diisi oleh seorang ilmuan Indonesia di Amerika Serikat, Dr. Taufik (Cal Poly San Luis Obispo) terpaksa dibatalkan karena beliau tidak bisa hadir berhubung cuaca buruk yang mengganggu penerbangannya. Kesuksesan acara Indonesia Focus 2014 kali tidak terlepas juga dari peran serta Persatuan Mahasiswa Indonesia di Amerika Serikat (PERMIAS) - Columbus. Pada kesempatan ini, I4 yang diwakili oleh Pak Halbana, telah mengadakan pembicaraan langsung



dengan ketua ASIRPA, Dr. Nurhaya Muchtar (mbak Aya) untuk menjajaki kerjasama antara ASIRPA dan I4 dalam penyelengaraan Indonesia Focus 2015 mendatang. Pada prinsipnya beliau menyambut baik keinginan I4 untuk turut berkolaborasi dalam Indonesia Focus 2015 yang kebetulan akan kembali mengambil tempat di Columbus Ohio. Dukungan untuk kerjasama ini juga disampaikan oleh para sesepuh / pendiri ASIRPA termasuk Bapak Dr. Kustim Wibowo (Indiana University of Pennsylvania). Mengenai porsi yang bisa dimainkan oleh I4 akan dibicarakan lebih lanjut dengan pihak ASIRPA. Hal-hal yang bisa dilakukan oleh I4 sejauh ini antara lain adalah:

i. Memperluas participant Indonesia Focus, khususnya mengajak ilmuan dan mahasiswa S2/S3 Indonesia dari negara-negara di Eropa dan benua lainnya,

ii. Memperluas partisipasi dari mereka yang berada di tanah air,

iii. Memberikan sumbangan dalam bentuk keynote speaker.

Forum DIASPORA Indonesia 2

Dalam perdebatan diaspora sebagai fenomena brain drain atau brain gain, diaspora sesungguhnya dapat berperan sebagai brain hub. Hal itu disampaikan Dr. Dino Patti Djalal selaku narasumber kehormatan pada Forum Diaspora Indonesia II bertema Peran Diaspora Indonesia dalam Menyukseskan Pendidikan Nasional di Berlin, Sabtu (15 November 2014).

Gambar 2 Peserta kongres

"Istilah brain hub ini terinspirasi dari pengalaman bertemu dengan sekelompok diaspora Indonesia di Columbus, Ohio, yang sukses sebagai kontraktor IT

untuk perusahaan-perusahaan besar di AS," ujar Dino. Menurut Dino, mereka belum akan kembali, namun mereka memberdayakan para pemuda di tanah air melalui usahanya di AS, termasuk dengan memberikan modal dan pelatihan. "Ini membuktikan bahwa meskipun mereka tidak pulang kampung, namun secara nyata bisa berkarya dan ikut mengubah nasib saudara-saudaranya di tanah air," imbuh Dino. Mantan Wakil Menteri Luar Negeri RI itu juga menyampaikan bahwa berbeda dengan diaspora India dan Tiongkok yang sudah banyak berstatus pengusaha konglomerat, mayoritas diaspora Indonesia masih hard working middle class. "Memang pada akhirnya yang bisa diharapkan dari mereka adalah kontribusi berukuran sedang, namun apabila dilakukan dalam jumlah besar pasti akan dapat memberikan dampak besar bagi Indonesia," tandas Dino. Dino juga menekankan bahwa di tengah tingginya polarisasi politik di tanah air, diaspora Indonesia perlu untuk menjaga reputasinya dengan tidak terjun ke dalam ranah politik praktis.

"Harapan masyarakat di tanah air kepada diaspora Indonesia sungguh besar, baik sebagai sumber ekonomi, moral dan sumber daya internasional," pungkas Dino. Forum Diaspora Indonesia II ini diselenggarakan oleh Ikatan Ilmuwan Indonesia Internasional (I-4) cabang Jerman dengan dukungan KBRI Berlin, Bank



BNI 46 Cabang London, Ikatan Ahli dan Sarjana Indonesia-Jerman, Indonesia Diaspora Network dan Indonesisches Kultur und Weisheitszentrum. Forum ini dihadiri 200 peserta diaspora Indonesia di Jerman dan dari beberapa negara-negara Eropa (Belanda dan Swedia). Dalam forum ini juga diselenggarakan beberapa sesi diskusi dengan narasumber dari komunitas diaspora di Jerman dan negara lain di Eropa. Secara paralel, juga digelar workshop "Diaspora Menulis", yang dipandu oleh Presiden Ikatan Ilmuwan Indonesia Internasional Dr. Dessy Irawati dan Atase Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan KBRI Berlin Prof. Dr. Agus Rubiyanto. Workshop ini diselenggarakan dalam rangka menyambut keikutsertaan Indonesia sebagai Guest of Honour pada Frankfurter Buchmesse 2015, yang merupakan pameran literatur terbesar di dunia.

Gambar 3 Sesi foto bersama

Secara khusus, Dubes menyampaikan apresiasi atas workshop ini, dan menyampaikan bahwa literatur adalah cermin dari tingkat intelektualitas dan peradaban budaya suatu bangsa. Dubes berharap workshop ini dapat menginspirasi dan pada akhirnya menciptakan penulis- penulis Indonesia dengan karya-karya membanggakan secara internasional, baik itu karya ilmiah, novel, buku anak-anak, atau pun buku masakan.

Forum Diaspora Indonesia II ini juga dimeriahkan dengan bazaar, pertunjukan kesenian, pemutaran film pendek karya diaspora Indonesia dan doorprize tiket Jerman-Indonesia dan Berlin- Barcelona.

Gambar 4 pertunjukan seni

Saat ini terdapat hampir 4,7 juta orang WNI bermukim di berbagai belahan dunia, dengan keturunan mereka totalnya diperkirakan mencapai lebih dari 10 juta orang. Jumlah tersebut termasuk mereka yang memiliki sejarah keterikatan dengan Indonesia sebelum Republik Indonesia berdiri. Di Jerman sendiri terdapat sekitar 15.000 WNI di seluruh 16 negara bagian. Sebagian besar dari mereka adalah pelajar, tenaga profesional dan pengusaha.



ENGLISH SECTION:

I-4 Say Hello:

Assalaamu'alaikum Wr. Wb. May happiness and blessings be upon all of us. The year 2014 will soon come to an end. The International Indonesian Scholars Association (I-4)

has continued to serve Indonesia in accordance to its capacity during the past year. Despite our continuous efforts to provide the best, we are aware of our shortcomings and limitations. Internal changes have been made to strengthen the organization and its structure, one of them being its registration as a foundation. This is aimed to ease the organization’s judicial matters and further projects. Financially, we have also managed to establish transparency by reporting our expenses and monitoring its use. I-4 is also happy to express its interest in external parties who aim to donate to us and collaborate with us in order to achieve similar goals. We acknowledge the importance of document-tation via traditional and online media. Throughout the year 2014, the organization has utilized social media and domain i-4.or.id , which we pay for. We use them as tools to promote our causes, share knowledge and events. In terms of Operations, the I-4 team, both from local and overseas have tried their best to actively collaborate within the there (3) pillars of partnership, namely: implementation partnership, knowledge partnership and financial partnership. Therefore, a lot of I4’s activities during the past year have involved collaboration with other organizations, such as the Indonesian Diaspora, The International Indonesian Students’s Association (PPI Dunia), IASI, GWKZ, BNI and universities- both local and overseas.

In terms of online activity, we have established online lectures as well as the I4 talks. The former features internationally renowned and inspirational figures in the field of academia, whereas the latter constitutes of informal sharing sessions by inspirational individuals. The figures are selected based on diversity in terms of gender, life experience and professionalism, country of birth and awards. The interviewee often are the real ‘ambassadors’ of Indonesia in the eyes of the world, who aim to offer nothing but the best for their country. In 2015 under President Joko Widodo’s reign, I4 will have the honour to lend its expertise in the 13 knowledge clusters to the Indonesian Government and Commission 10 of the People’s Representative Council- whose main objective is education. I4 aims to be a Think Thank, and an ombudsman which aims to advise, provide examples of case studies, empirical data and analysis of a phenomenon. I4 will always try its best to strive for this. We expect the presence of teamwork, coope-ration, platforms from other organizations, opportunities from the government and support from fellow academics, researchers and scientists. I4 will always try its outmost to help Indonesia with all its abilities as well as limitations in the field of science and technology. A very happy new year from the I4 team. We would like to thank you for your support and cooperation in 2014. Together we welcome 2015 and its challenges! Wassalamu’ alaikum Wr. Wb. Dessy Irawati, PhD, FeRSA, Chairman I-4

ASEAN Emerging Knowledge Economies

Homework for ASEAN I n the traditional territorial innovation milieu of economic geography, knowledge creation is understood as a territorialized process and space as bounded territory, but this view is increasingly dismissed as spatial fetishism (Asheim 2012; Morgan 2004). We suggest the notion of

http://i-4.or.id/en



Knowledge Economy 2.0, which, as stated before, stresses the role of individuals as the principal agents of knowledge creation within social networks.

EVOLUTIONAND

INSTITUTIONS

EMBEDDEDNESSAND

SOCIAL CAPITAL

THE LEARNINGORGANIZATION

NETWORKS ANDRESOURCE

DEPENDENCY

INDUSTRIALDISTRICTS

tacitness of knowledge

organizational characteristics affect learning

social interaction,customs, routines

mobilizing internal and external

resources

knowledge as critical resource

learning as organized process

agglomeration economies

shared norms and values; strong and

weak ties

institutions facilitating innovation

social and institutional

proximity

overlapping regional social and

professional networks

regional institutions

path dependent development

regional knowledge base

premium on localized learning

localbuzz

INNOVATION AND LEARNING IN INTER-FIRM NETWORKS

governancechoices

If this concept is used by the ASEAN region to leverage its knowledge economy from 1.0 to 2.0, then the role of individuals and their creativity should be further analyzed in the context of their professional and social networks. Within and across these networks, individuals practice both intentional and accidental knowledge creation through conversations and local buzz. Consequently, there are several considerations that must be taken into account:

‘Spatially sticky’ individuals Individuals are obviously spatially sticky to the places where they live and work, and the “functions” of a place (ie, connectivity to other places; technological and socio-cultural diversity; and attractive natural, architectural and cultural amenities) contribute to individual stickiness. These functions attract and bind individuals to places and encourage knowledge creation (Lee et al, 2004). However, more work needs to be done on how individuals within the ASEAN region connect to spaces, such as professional and social networks, conversations and local buzz.

Socio-cultural diversity and knowledge creation Socio-cultural diversity encourages openness for and tolerance of the new and different. This is beneficial for innovation, which tends to

happen in places where being different is the norm. How and why socio-cultural diversity within ASEAN will expand opportunities for individuals to engage in conversations, and the extent to which socio-cultural diversity contributes to knowledge creation and learning by building more attractive and knowledge-rich places and spaces, are critical issues for further study in the ASEAN context.

Social dynamics The connection of social dynamics such as norms, values, institutions, trust and social capital to places and spaces in ASEAN, and their effect on knowledge creation and local buzz, are urgent problems. In fact, Knowledge Economy 2.0 suggests that social dynamics are connected to spaces (professional and social networks) rather than places. Networks and communities have social dynamics rather than regions, although social dynamics may be connected to regions through the spatially sticky individuals that populate networks and communities.

Since regions “host” multiple and different networks, they can also host different social dynamics. Social dynamics have the potential to overcome physical distance, and thus enable knowledge creation and learning across space. However, it is unclear in the ASEAN context how they achieve this, and to what extent different social dynamics substitute, replace or reinforce each other, and how this is different in professional and social networks.

Firms and knowledge centers Knowledge creation may be an individual capacity but innovation requires firms and knowledge centers. These have been identified as nodes for and initiators of conversations and access points to global knowledge. Firms and knowledge centers link individual knowledge creation to regional innovation by tapping into networks and transforming their knowledge into innovations. But there is more work needed on how this could be accomplished by ASEAN countries.



Policy implications Existing regional innovation policies, inspired by the traditional technology and innovative management approach, must be augmented by an individual take on innovation policy. This requires learning from the respective governments within ASEAN about how policy can improve functions already in place to attract more individuals and anchor their knowledge-creation efforts. This also requires policymakers to think about the role of socio-cultural diversity, and how to encourage it within ASEAN countries.

Conclusion This paper is a theoretical contribution to the transition of ASEAN nations toward a knowledge economy. The goal is to move the region from post-Fordist, FDI-based economies to more creative and innovation-driven ones. We also want to stress the question: Why are some places better at knowledge creation than others? The role of individuals and human creativity in shaping the regional economy deserves special attention as a complementary study to the same challenges in developed economies. It is therefore necessary to have a fresh approach via economic geography to satisfactorily answer this question, as the concepts of space, place, innovation and economic development will be significant elements in ASEAN’s economic development. ASEAN is now at a crossroads. The size of its economy will make it one of the main players in the global economy of the 21st century, but reforms in the coming years will decide to what extent ASEAN countries will become centers for Knowledge Economy 2.0, thus becoming economic powers rather than just players. At stake is the future of Southeast Asia and its people. http://sr-indonesia.com/in-the-journal/view/asean-s-emerging-knowledge-economies-from-1-0-to-2-0

Indonesian Focus 2014

The Indonesia Focus Conference 2014 was held in Columbus, Ohio, USA on the 7th-8th November 2014. The conference was arranged by the Asian Society for International Relations and Public Affairs (ASIRPA) which is currently under Dr. Nurhaya Muchtar (Indiana University of Pennsylvania) and the College of Education and Human Ecology at the Ohio State University. This year, Indonesia Focus accepted 100 papers from 21 universities in Indonesia and 5 in the USA. The themes discussed vary from economics, religion, climate change and informatics. Most of the presenters are Indonesian students who currently pursue their studies in the USA, while some managed to come all the way from Indonesia to participate.

Gambar 5 Bill Liddle

The conference was officially started by the Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia for Chicago, Mr Andriana Supandy. Mr Supandy hopes that the event could contribute towards Indonesia’s development and growth. The Keynote speakers for the event include Dr. William Liddle, expert in Indonesian studies from Ohio State University and Dr. Sue Dechow, Former Director and Co-founder of USINTEC-US/Indonesia Teacher’s Education Consortium. In his lecture, ‘The Rise of Critical Democrats: Reflections on 15 years of Democracy in Indonesia’, Dr Liddle employs a political-economical model which emphasizes in 3 aspects, namely:

1.) Commitment towards Democracy 2.) Evaluation of progress of democracy 3.) Evaluation of government’s achievements






The data which was presented was based on a 15 year national survey. The data implies that there is a high level commitment towards democracy in Indonesia. It also pointed that there is a great evaluation of democracy’s progress in Indonesia. However, there still is a lack of evaluation of the government’s progress and achievements.

Gambar 6 Dr. Sue Dechow speech

Dr Dechow’s speech was titled ‘International Collaboration in Teacher Education: Reflections on 25 years of Indonesian development & reform’ explained the roots and the development of the US/ Indonesia Teacher Education Consortium (USINTEC). The organization grants opportunities to lecturers in educational studies to study their masters via dual masters and doctoral sandwich programs. Dr Dechow also pointed several challenges and problems in maintaining collaboration with Indonesian institutions, namely:

1.) There is a need of a face to face interaction in order to push agendas and face barriers in learning.

2.) Relying on other countries for travel and development expenses.

3.) The decision to award scholarship to students was not made on time.

4.) A change of structure in the organization involved, as well as other people involved in the process.

5.) The lack of communication between the higher rank officers with the lower ones, who are mostly responsible for ‘action’.

6.) The change of rectors in universities, causing the term ‘not-invented’ syndrome.

7.) Differences in perceptions regarding collaboration.

Sadly, the third Keynote Speaker, Dr Taufik (Cal Poly San Luis Obispo) was not able to make it due to travel disruption. The Indonesia Focus conference also expressed its gratitude to the Indonesian Students’ Association in the USA (PERMIAS)- Columbus, who gave their utmost to make the event a great success. In this occasion, Mr Halbana had the opportunity to represent I4. Mr Halbana and Dr Nurhaya Muchtar have also agreed to strengthen ties between I4 and ASIRPA by collaborating with each other for the next Indonesia Focus Conference in 2015. One of the founders of ASIRPA, Dr. Kustim Wibowo (Indiana University of Pennsylvania) had also expressed his interest in collaborating with I4. ASIRPA has also proposed certain points for I4 to consider, namely:

1.) To increase the level of participation in the next Indonesia focus conference, especially among scholars and postgraduate students from Indonesia and different countries in the world.

2.) Increase the level of participation among Indonesian students who currently reside in Indonesia.

3.) Provide Keynote Speakers for the conference

Indonesian Diaspora National Convention

The session on “The Indonesian Academic Diaspora in the US: Maintaining an Active and Productive Engagement with Indonesia” took place on August 1, 2014 and was held during the Indonesian Diaspora National Convention in New Orleans, Louisiana. The interactive discussion featured two panelists: Dr. Nelson Tansu (Professor, Lehigh University) and Dr. Haryo Winarso (Attache of Education and Culture, Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia) and was moderated by Satrio Adi Wicaksono (PhD candidate, Brown University). Two topics were discussed during the session, which was sponsored by Ikatan Ilmuwan Indonesia Internasional or International Indonesian Scholars’ Association and lasted for approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes. The first topic was titled “The State of Science, Technology, and Innovation in



Indonesia,” during which panelists and members of the audience had a conversation about both the challenges and opportunities in the research and development sectors in Indonesia. The second topic was more specific, entitled “How may US-based Indonesian Academic Diaspora help?” For this topic, participants talked about some concrete steps that have been taken and will be taken by members of the Indonesian academic diaspora to expedite the transfer of knowledge from the US to Indonesia. Part I: The State of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Indonesia Satrio started the discussion by quoting from a McKinsey report on Indonesia that was released two years ago: “By 2030, the country could have the world’s 7th-largest economy, overtaking Germany and the United Kingdom. But to meet its ambitious growth targets and attract international investment, it must do more.” The SBY administration had indeed set serious growth targets through The Masterplan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development (MP3EI). A critical component of the MP3EI is the goals to export more value-added products and create a knowledge-based economy. To achieve those goals, the country will need to boost its research and development in science, technology, and innovation. The first question being asked to the panelist was about the primary challenges in the areas of science, technology, and innovation in Indonesia and what the government has done to address those challenges. Pak Haryo began his answer by stating that Indonesia currently has the so-called demographic dividend, meaning that there is a large portion of the population that is in the working and schooling-age group. Indonesia will still have this dividend about 10-15 years from now. Even though this demographic dividend can be a boon, it can also be disastrous. According to Pak Haryo, the primary research and development challenges are related to three areas: education, job market, and connectivity with industry. In the education sector, primarily higher education, Indonesia has less than 100,000 PhD holders, far below Malaysia with a

600,000-strong legion of PhDs. In terms of job market, Pak Haryo stated that without enough jobs, having plenty of PhDs is useless. This is where the ambition to export more value-added products can be a game changer. It helps ensure that R&D is present and active, hence attracting those with advanced degrees. Finally, a strong connection between academia and industry will guarantee the continuity of research by Indonesian scientists. In regards to efforts by our current government, the government is creating more universities because currently the total number of the educated class is way too small for a country as big as Indonesia. The priority is to create universities and “akademi komunitas” (akin to community colleges in the US) in relatively underdeveloped areas. Currently, the nation has approximately 3000 universities (they can be either public or private and come in a wide range of quality), as well as more than thirty community colleges. The government is also attempting to significantly increase the number of students pursuing PhD degrees by providing ~7000 Masters and PhD scholarships for Indonesian students to study abroad. Further, Pak Haryo explained that the current administration is keen to build several Centers of Excellence (CoE) along the appropriate economic corridors as designated in the MP3EI. Thus, for example, a CoE focusing on creating and disseminating appropriate and effective agricultural technologies can be established in the regions that belong to the agricultural economic corridor (i.e. Corridor I). The CoE represents a strong collaboration between industry, government, academia/university, philanthropist, and community. The academia plays a key role here as it provides expertise and serves as an incubator for invention. Pak Nelson also similarly looked at the nation’s promising population growth and asserted that a long-term investment on the young population is crucial to overcome national challenges. In particular, Indonesia should invest directly in education by spending more on infrastructure, ensuring that Indonesian academics are



competitive in the global world, and changing the old-school mindsets vis-à-vis education. Pak Nelson mentioned the need to emulate what countries such as China, India, and Korea have been doing, namely sending people abroad to developed countries so that these people can later be a key player in developing various institutions back home and thus helping the advancement of science, technology, and innovation in their home countries. Pak Nelson believes that this strategy could make Indonesia a more competitive country. Satrio then queried Pak Nelson and Pak Haryo about a topic mentioned briefly by Pak Nelson: changing the mindsets of Indonesians. This is particularly timely, given that President-elect Jokowi kept bringing up “revolusi mental” or “mental revolution” throughout the campaign season. What exactly needs to be revolutionized? Pak Nelson responded that the changes in our mindset need to be all encompassing, covering all parts of the society (government, local populace, businesses, non-governmental organizations, academia). Each part needs to do its best for the betterment of all. Thus, for example, the government needs to fix the regulations while members of the academia churn out plenty of good ideas and businesses wholly support the advancement of R&D. A practical example that Pak Nelson gave was the society’s attitude vis-à-vis the role of educators. In Indonesia, teachers are often billed as “pahlawan tanpa tanda jasa” (heroes without decoration), which may actually belittle their profession in some important ways. Educators are respected, but because often there is not enough financial compensation given to teachers and university professors, only a few members of the young generation grow up wanting to become teachers/professors. Those who do and who have the highest capability end up teaching abroad, primarily because the compensation is better outside Indonesia. It is therefore quite common nowadays to see Indonesian professors teaching at NTU and NUS in Singapore. From his decade-long experience of teaching and advising students, including Indonesian students, in

the States, Pak Nelson observed that Indonesian students tend to set a somewhat lower bar than their peers from other developing countries such as China and India. Though Indonesian students are still ambitious, they are too often easily satisfied. He has seen many excellent Indonesian students who decide to return to Indonesia right away after finishing their PhD degrees. Students from China, India, and Korea tend to work harder and longer in the States in order to be able to contribute significantly to the advancement of science, and thus, global society. Indonesian students need to be more competitive by gaining experiences abroad for 5-10 years after graduating. Then, they may decide to go back to Indonesia or stay in the States with the intention of performing impactful work for Indonesia from abroad. Pak Haryo concurred with Pak Nelson. He stated that it is important to change the mindset surrounding teachers/professors in Indonesia. Educators themselves can and should start this change. Professors and members of academia in general should have the goals to have high-quality publications in international journals. In order to do so, they need to design better research and reach out further to create effective collaborations. Cooperating with the industry sector, for example, could yield research and patents of higher quality as well as bigger financial compensation. During the Q&A for Part I of the discussion, an audience member highlighted the importance of training those who are of the productive age group, older than the high-school age group, but not necessarily entering the world of higher education. He suggested that this group should be given training in certain strategic industries so that Indonesia may compete better with other emerging economies. Pak Haryo stated that he could not agree more and that the current government also shared the same sentiment. The government has been actively establishing “akademi komunitas”, even planning to build one in each district throughout the archipelago. The constitution also stipulates that 20 percent of the national budget should go toward education, and the Ministry of Education has set aside 1 percent of the education budget for endowment fund. The fund is used to provide scholarships at many



different levels of higher education and to pay for research spending (i.e. similar to NSF research fund). This funding mechanism should also benefit the population referred to by the audience member. It is hoped that the incoming government will make the disbursement of funding more efficient and transparent. Part II: How may US-based Indonesian Academic Diaspora help? Even though Pak Nelson has taken students from Indonesia to study under his tutelage at Lehigh, has some collaborations with Indonesian scientists based in Indonesia through the Lehigh-UGM partnership and has been involved in I-4 since its inception, he insisted that those are only minor contributions to Indonesia. To him, in order to have a large, meaningful impact in Indonesia, US based Indonesian academic diaspora needs to be strong first. When a critical mass of Indonesian scholars abroad has been reached, then the group has a tremendous potential to offer tangible, valuable ideas and actions to offer to the home country. It would be great, he said, to get about half of the government scholarship recipients to stay for a long term in the US. He pointed out that this is China and India’s strategy, and that it has been serving both countries well. China sent as many as 300,000 students to study abroad during the early 1980s to the mid 1990s, and many of the students became professors outside China. These people have arguably left indispensable marks on China’s economy. Indonesia should not be afraid to follow a similar path. Pak Nelson also argued that for such a scenario to happen, there needs to be a systematic adjustment in our attitude toward the sciences and careers in academia to begin with. To produce generations of Indonesian scientists who are able to effectively contribute to advance science, competitive in the global world, and able to snatch the best jobs in research and development, a mentoring program for younger students is needed. High school students should be shown the benefits of working in the R&D sector and the excitement that comes along with the professions. It is important to attract talented young Indonesian

kids to pursue advanced degrees, as we clearly don’t have enough people in the R&D sector. Though certainly not everyone needs to go into academia, a balance in the society is clearly needed. Pak Haryo added that there are two important conditions for a diaspora community to have sizable impacts in their home country. First is the ability for the diaspora to project its unique identity, in particular through language. Members of the diaspora, including second or third-generation diaspora, should strongly maintain the ability to interact in the national language (e.g. Bahasa Indonesia). Members of the Chinese diaspora are known to be able to work together with those in the mainland rather easily because of the common language and cultural connection. Language, in particular, serves as a key to knowing a culture intimately. The second condition has to do with the ability of the home country to establish a strong connection with the diaspora communities. The governments of China and India have done a particularly good job; India even set up a separate ministry dedicated to its diaspora. Thanks to Pak Dino Patti Djalal, Indonesia is currently undertaking long-overdue initiatives to establish a closer connection to its diaspora. In the mean time, there are relatively small but important steps that have been taken by the government. Pak Haryo’s office maintains good relationships with professors, both Indonesian nationals and Indonesianists, at various US universities to ensure that cooperation between US and Indonesian research institutions/universities proceeds smoothly. These professors often recruit Indonesian students to study at American universities, therefore supporting the government’s LPDP and Presidential Scholarship programs, which fund Indonesians to study at the best universities in the world. Having a large number of Indonesians graduating from the best universities in the US is critical. Pak Haryo pointed out that more than 70 percent of university presidents in China received their PhD abroad (a high number of those went to US universities) while more than 60 percent of current PhD supervisors in China also received foreign education. Pak Haryo and Pak Nelson also discussed in length the challenges associated with



MoUs between American and Indonesian universities. Though creating MoUs is rather easy, ensuring that the program is sustainable is no easy task. Funding, especially for a student exchange program, can be tricky. For MoUs to be successful, there needs to be at least a major supporter of the program at the university who is passionate in running or assisting the program. Lately, collaborations between Indonesian and American-based scholars have been focused on securing grants from the NSF and NIH to conduct collaborative research projects, whereby at least some parts of the research project can be conducted in Indonesia. Pak Nelson also pointed out that if money intended for collaboration were spread out all around different projects, only a few tangible results would ensue. It would be better for experts in the US and their active, qualified peers in Indonesia to develop excellent collaborative research around some small, narrow research topics. A focused project is likely to yield excellent results and will set good example for future, potentially larger collaborations. Pak Haryo added that it is crucial to carefully identify potential research topics that can be conducted in Indonesia given the strengths and weaknesses of our research infrastructure. Finally, creativity is also often needed to overcome any potential obstructions. Thus, as pointed out by a member of the audience during the Q&A, even bringing used or slightly outdated research supplies and equipments from the US to Indonesia may help some R&D sectors in Indonesia tremendously. Biodata of panelists Professor Nelson Tansu is an Endowed Chair Professor in Photonics and Nanoelectrics as well as Director of Center for Photonics and Nanoelectrics in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University in Bethlehem, PA. He received his B.Sc. in Applied Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, and Physics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, also from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Prof. Tansu’s research projects cover both the theoretical and experimental aspects of the physics of semiconductor optoelectronics materials and devices as well as

the physics of nanostructure. Prof. Tansu is a prolific scientist. He has more than 270 refereed international journal publications and holds multiple US patents. He also reviews regularly and serves as editors for leading journals in applied physics, quantum electronics, nanotechnology, photonics, and optoelectronics areas. For their accomplishments, Prof. Tansu and his students at Lehigh have been given several highly regarded awards in their fields. Dr. Haryo Winarso received a bachelor’s degree in Architecture from Universitas Gajah Mada, a Master of Engineering in Human Settlements Development from the Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok, and a PhD from the Development Planning Unit, University College London. His research interests are in urban design and inner-city redevelopment, planning theory, peri-urban development, and land and housing development. Dr. Haryo Winarso is currently on leave from his position as Associate Professor in the School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung to serve as Attache of Education and Culture at the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Washington, DC. In his capacity as Attache, Pak Haryo oversees the efforts to maintain and improve the very good bilateral relationship between Indonesia and the US through education and culture. For example, his office provides numerous types of support to thousands of Indonesian students in the States as well as American students and professors interested in conducting research and study abroad in Indonesia. Pak Haryo is also a tireless supporter for a greater and stronger cooperation between universities and academics in Indonesia with their counterparts in the US.

The Diaspora Phenomenon: Beyond Classical Human Migration to 21st century

Just like the animal migration (birds, fishes, mammals, turtles) human will migrate as a way of life at certain stage of their lives. Through the sea, land, sky, people travel across the time and space.



Those Diasporas have left their countries of origin to pursue their dreams for many reasons. In fact, I was trying to find some creative way of understanding emerging patterns of international migration, which looked very different from conventional depictions of one-way flows from home country X to destination country Y.

From ‘Labour migration’, ‘family migration, ‘trade migration to be ethnic entrepreneur’, and ‘brain drain migration’ were the main descriptive categories deployed at the time, though later ‘unauthorized’ and ‘refugee migration’ have also become much more central. Therefore, currently, migration scholars were increasingly using gardening terms like ‘uprooting’, ‘scattering’, ‘transplanting’ and the newly-fashionable word ‘hybridity’ to explain phenomena and its complexities when studying the Global Diaspora. Also, for many developed countries, they have shifted their priorities from economic and welfare to immigration which directly involves the Diaspora communities. ‘Diaspora’ was derived from the Greek work speiro (‘to sow’ or ‘to disperse’). Diaspora members may spread progressive attitudes, or they may become enclaves of intolerance. Diasporas are feared and loved, appearing both as traitors and champions. Therefore, we should consider and identify three fundamental dynamics relating to the formation, maintenance, and impacts of Diasporas. Within Asia, around 15 government institutions, including Indonesia, were created specifically to

engage Diasporas on a formal basis, occupying different levels of government and exhibiting diverse priorities and degrees of organisation. Diaspora engagement does not stop at the national level. Diasporas are often inclined to engage at the local level, usually in their place of origin, where they are familiar with the context and, in many cases, still have family ties. Nevertheless, some diaspora-engagement organisations are not clearly within the realm of government (look at the case of South Korea) While many governments acknowledge the importance of Diaspora engagement in development, many still lack the capacity to design effective policies and implement them on a meaningful scale. This explains the gap between schemes that look good on paper and truly effective policies and programmes that actually make a difference. Indeed, effective engagement almost always requires a concerted effort towards capacity building. For many countries in Asia and elsewhere, the main challenges to effective engagement appear to centre on two issues: (1) how best to obtain adequate funding and (2) how to improve technical know-how and knowing who In summary, talking about the benefit of Diaspora, those Diaspora have been playing an important role to the economic (through remittances and economic aid).

Gambar 7 Dr. Ing Fauzi Bowo



Not only have they acknowledged that the existing volumes of funds transferred are immense, they see channelling aid through Diasporas as preferable to sending aid to governments in poor countries, some of which are in-effective at best and corrupt at worst. The use of Diaspora as agent of development is also vital in other fields, namely education, science-technology- social-culture- citizenship, and also politic. Moreover, Diasporas perform another significant social role. They bridge the gap between the individual and society, between the local and the global, between the cosmopolitan and the particular. Diasporas can also be used to spread liberal democratic values to their home countries.

Ladies and Gentlemen, as an Indonesian diaspora in overseas, I would personally encourage you to join and work together with the other diasporas in any forms/ associations/ organisations/ clubs. The world has become global but spiky at the same time (due to immigration policy and tough knowledge and creative based economy). We have Indonesian Diaspora with their varied task forces. We have also Diaspora for Scientist in I-4, Ikatan Ilmuwan Internasional Indonesia. We have PPI-Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia- for students and other relevant organisations in overseas. In addition, I would also suggest that we work together collectively rather than individually. Let’s unite those organisations for joint events, working for mutual benefit by playing significant role equally for the same purpose:

Contributing to Indonesia and do our best to be a brain circulator, wherever we live by bringing the financial capital, human capital, and social-network capital.

Figure 2 The Doorprize Winner

Geographical distance will not limit our contributions to Indonesia. Together with the Indonesian government, I believe that any constraints and barriers can be overcome and eliminated.



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Newsletter Volume 2 No. 2