SCIENCE

NEW SERIES. VOLUME XCIV

JULY-DECEMBER, 1941

NEW YORKTHE SCIENCE PRESS

1941

THE SCIENCE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY

LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA

CONTENTS AND INDEXNEW SERIES. VOL. XCIV-JULY TO DECEMBER, 1941

THE NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS ARE PRINTED IN SMALL CAPITALS

ABBOTT, L. D. F., JR., Alcaptonuria, 365Abramson, H. A., Electric Mobility, 345Academies: Arts and Sciences, American, 432; Ophthal-mology and Otolaryngology, 206; Alabama, 189; Indi-ana, 565; Kansas, 42; Maryland, 189; Virginia, 602;Sciences, National, 275, 295, 345

Acetylcholine, R. BEUTNER and T. C. BARNEs, 211Achromotrichia, Clinical, B. F. SIEVE, 257Adsorption Analysis, A. TISELIuS, 145Alaska, Biological Laboratory in, F. A. DAVIDSON, 295;

Expedition of the American Museum, 359Alcaptonuria, L. D. F. ABBOTT, JR., 365Alcohols, G. C. H. EHRENSVXRD and D. F. CHEESMAN, 23ALEXANDER, J., Colloids, 151ALLEN, T. H. and J. H. BODINE, Enzymes, 443ALTSCHUL, A. M., H. PERSKY and T. R. HOGNESS, AnEnzymatic Link, 349

American Association for the Advancement of Science,Durham Meeting, F. R. MOULTON, 51; Chicago Meet-ing, F. R. MOULTON, 147, 353; Dallas Meeting, F. R.MOULTON, 499, 527, 604; Section and Society Programs:Chemistry, Gibson Island, 179; Medical Sciences, 399;Psychology, 493; Southwestern Division, Address, C. V.NEWSOm, 27; Report, F. E. E. GERMANN, 180; PacificDivision, Pasadena Meeting, J. M. LUCK, 121

Andrews, Roy Chapman, Resignation, 482Anopheles, L. E. ROZEBOOm, L. A. Fox and R. L. LAIRD,

114; H. S. TELFORD and C. WESTER, 514Antigen, Wassermann, J. FURTH and E. A. KABAT, 46Aquarium, New York, 273Arboretum, American Association of Botanical Gardens

and, D. WYMAN, 166; Arnold, 534ARCHIBALD, R. C., Carl Friederich Gauss, 41Arginase, R. J.- KOCeHOLATY and W. KOCHOLATY, 144ARK, P. A. and C. M. TOMPKINS, Red Spider, 212Astronomy at Chicago, 0. STRUVE, 337Atmospheric Haze, G. M. BYRAm, 192; H. NEuBERGER, 485Atom, New Frontiers in, E. 0. LAWRENCE, 221Auroral Display, A. G. MCNIsH, 413; F. C. BRoWN, 562;and Atmospheric Disturbances, H. T. STETSON, 574

Awards, Prizes and Medals: Social Science ResearchCouncil, 84; Engineering, in Great Britain, 85; Navy,"E" Pennant, Bausch and Lomb Optical Company,132; Royal College of Physicians, Baly Medal, EdgarAllen, 251; American Chemical Society, PriestleyMedal, Thomas Midgley, Jr.; Pure Chemistry Prize,K. A. Folkers, 252; William H. Nichols Medal, D. A.MacInnes, 434; American Academy of Arts and Sci-ences, Rumford Prize, V. K. Zworykin, 384; GeologicalSociety of America, Penrose Medal, Norman LeviBowen, 458; Royal Society, Royal Medals, E. A. Milneand E. L. Kennaway; Copley Medal, T. Lewis; DavyMedal, H. D. Dakin; Hughes Medal, N. F. Mott, 482;American Society of Mechanical Engineers, T. vonKErmfin; Holley Medal, J. C. Garand; Worcester ReedWarner Medal, R. V. Southwell; Melville Medal, R. V.Terry; Pi Tau Sigma Award, R. H. Norris; JuniorAward, J. T. Rettaliata; Charles T. Main Award, J. J.Balun; Undergraduate Student Award, G. W. Gilmer,535; Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, DowChemical Company, 556; Columbia University, CharlesFrederick Chandler Medal, R. R. and R. J. Williams,557; American Geographical Society, Charles P. DalyMedal, J. G. Nieto, 580

Bacteria, in Air, S. M. WHEELER, G. E. FOLEY, T. D.JONES, 445.; Phytopathogenie, R. P. ELROD and A. C.BRAUN, 520; Encapsulated, E. A. KREGEL, 592

BAIR, R. A. and W. E. LOOMIS, Maize Pollen, 168Barbiturate, Convulsant, and Brain Oxidations, F. A.FUHRMAN, A. W. MARTIN and J. N. DILLE, 421

BARNES, T. C. and R. BEUTNER, Acetylcholine, 211BEAL, G. D., Pharmacopoeia, 301BEARD, J. W. and OTHERS, Chick Embryo Tissues, 613BEEBE, W., Young Sailfish, 300BEINHART, E. G., Nicotiana Rustica, 538BELL, A. W., Los Angeles Museum, 255BENOTTI, J., N. BENOTTI and E. A. BROWN, Digestion

Tube, 331BEQUAERT, J., Gastropods, 514BEST, C. H., Choline as a Dietary Factor, 523Biochemistry, New, E. W. PIKE and F. H. PIKE, 325Biological, Specimens, Preservation of, M. D. WHEATLEY,

49; and Formalin, W. B. FORT, H. C. WILSON andH. G. GOLDBERG, 169; Outlook, G. S. MILLER, JR., 163;Laboratory in Alaska, F. A. DAVIDSON, 295; Station,Bermuda, 319; Abstracts, 340

Biology, Experimental, Federation of American Societiesfor, 432

Biotin, W. L. LAURENCE, 88; W. J. ROBBINS,E. T. BUT-LER and B. 0. DODGE, 262; V. DU VIGNEAUD, D. B. MEL-VILLE and K. HoFMANN 308; RC. THOMPSON, R. E.EAKIN and R. J. WILLIAMS, 589

Bird List, R. H. PoUGH, 213Birds, Homeothermy in, A. L. ROMANOFF, 218BIRKHOFF, G. D., Theoretical Dynamics, 598BISKIND, M. S. and G. R. BISKIND, Estrone Inactivationby Liver and B Complex Deficiency, 462

Blackberry, White, W. A. MURRILL, 326BLAKESLEE, A. F., National Science Fund, 356; andOTHERS, Datura Embryos, 350

BLANCHARD, A. A., Metal Carbonyls, 311BLANK, F., Filing of Scientific Data, 463Blood, Pressure, E. MYLON and OTHERS, 190; Determin-

ing, W. E. GILSON, H. GOLDBERG and H. C. SLOCUM,194; Transfusions, E. WITEBSKY and N. C. KLENDSHOJ,256

BODANSKY, 0., J. M. LEWIS and C. HAIG, Vitamin A, 370BOISVERT, P. L., Hemolytic Streptococei, 193Botanical, Expedition to Guatemala, Field Museum, 12;

Garden, Fairchild, 58; Society of America, Southeast-ern Section, K. W. HUNT, 69; Major Interests ofMembers, 0. TIPPO, 326; Arboretum, Arnold, 534;Gardens and Arboretums, American Association of, D.WYMAN, 166

Brain Oxidations and Convulsant Barbiturate, F. A.FUHRMAN, A. W. MARTIN and J. M. DILLE, 421

Brazil, Federal Department of Health, 157Breeding, Progeny-test, H. D. GOODALE, 442BROWN, F. C., Auroral Display, 562Burial in California, P. C. ORR, 539BURNS, R. K., JR., Rete Apparatus in the Opossum, 142BURRIS, R. H., Molecular N15, 238BUSH, V., Science and National Defense, 571BYRAm, G. M., Polarization of Atmospheric Haze, 192CANNON, W. B., Medical Investigators, 171Carbons, Spectrographic, Purification of, R. ZIETLOW, P.HAMm and R. C. NELSON, 438

[CONTENTS AND

L INDEX

CARLSON, A. J., A. H. COMPTON and C. H. BEHRE, JR.,Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, 46

CARLSON, W. S., Mental and Physical Development, 17Carnegie Corporation, 384, 391, 586Carotenoids, Stereoisomeric, L. ZECHMEISTER and W. A.

SCHROEDER, 609CARROLL, J. B., Urban Concentration, 609CASALS, J. and R. PALACIOS, Epidemic Encephalitis, 330Catalase, Magnetic Properties of, L. MICHAELIS and S.GRANICK, 285; Crystalline, J. B. SUMNER and M.LASKOWSKI, 615

CHAPMAN, R. N. (the late), Is this Suceess?, 81CHEESMAN, D. F. and G. C. H. EHRENSVXRD, Adsorption

of Alcohols, 23Chemical, Society, American, 320, 418; and Organized

Labor, 579, 591; Symposia, 229, 509, 603; Research,182, 359; Exposition, 456

Chemistry, and Cancer, 258; and National Defense, 294,563; Fellowships, 509; Professional Training, 509

Child Endowment in Australia, 579Chimpanzee Handedness, G. FINCH, 117Choline as a Dietary Factor, C. H. BEST, 523Civil Service, Examinations, U. S., 159, 274, 580CLAFF, C. L., Culture Media, 285CLARK, S. L., Stimulation of the Cortex Cerebri, 187Clay Balls, Source of, G. M. ROBERTSON, 326COCKERELL, T. D. A., Zoological Museum at Tring, 364;

Letter from Douglas Cockerell, 610Colleges and High Schools, M. H. TRYTTEN, 387: S. R.POWERS, 514

Colloids, J. ALEXANDER, 151Color Systems, D. H. HAMLY, 586Colors, Smoothing, H. T. GISBORNE, 26COMAN, D. R., Tissue Culture, 569Complement, Components of, L. PILLEMER and E. E.ECKER, 437

Configuration, Dextro, R. R. SEALOCK, 73CONKLIN, E. G., American Philosophical Society, 547CONRAD, C. M., Green Lint Cotton, 113Cooperation, International, M. H. STONE, 137COPLEY, A. L., Thixotropy in Blood, 543Corrosion, Committee on, 205Cortex Cerebri, Stimulation of, S. L. CLARK, 187Cosmic Ray, Investigations, 227; R. A. MILLIKAN, H. V.NEHER and W. H. PICKERING, 335

Cosmical Abundance of the Elements, H. N. RUSSELL, 375Cotton, C. M. CONRAD, 113; Cultivation of, L. A. WHITE,

162Cox, H. R., Cultivation of Rickettsiae, 399Crop Improvement Association, 510CULLEN, A. B., JR., Electronic Inductorium, 219Culture Media, C. L. CLAFF, 285CUTTING, W. C. and L. P. GEBHARDT, Sulfonamides, 568Cyclotron, Giant, 235

Datura Embryos, J. VAN OVERBEEK, M. E. CONKLIN andA. F. BLAKESLEE, 350

DAVIDSON, F. A., Biological Laboratory in Alaska, 295DAWSON, R. F., Tobacco Plant, 396DAY, D., Vitamin B.,, 468DEAN, R. B., Reprints for European Laboratories, 439DEBEER, J., Dose-Response Curves, 521Defense, National, 368; Health and Welfare Service

Office, 250; Training, 294, and Harvard University,361; Engineers' Board, 360, 383; Chemists and, 563

Degrees, Honorary, Chicago, 321DE MENT, J., Phosphorescence of Human Teeth, 90Development, Mental and Physical, W. S. CARLSON, 17Digestion Tube, J. BENOTTI, N. BENOTTI and E. A.BROWN, 331

DIMOND, N. S., Sulfanilamide, 420Diploidy and Tetraploidy, A. B. STOUT and C. CHANDLER,

118DONNELLY, M., Vitamin B1 and Woody Erosion-Control

Plants, 71

Dose-Response Curves, E. J. DEBEER, 521Drosophila Pupae, A. WOLSKY, 48Drug Research, T. G. KLUMPP, 99DUNHAM, W. B., Virus-Infected Membranes, 120DU VIGNEAUD, V., K. HOF1MANN and D. B. MELVILLE,

Resynthesis of Biotin from a Degradation Product, 308Dynamics, Theoretical, G. D. BIRKHOFF, 598Dystrophy, Muscular, Cod Liver Oil, E. V. MCCOLLUM, C.

G. MACKENZIE and J. B. MACKENZIE, 216

Earthquake Risk and Its Abatement, H. 0. WOOD, 195Echinoderms, E. B. HARVEY, 90Eclipse Expedition, 382EDINGTON, W. E., Indiana Academy of Science, 565Egg Albumin, Denaturation of, E. A. GRANT, R. B. Dow

and W. R. FRANKS, 616EGLER, F. E., A Natural Area in Wildlife Forest, 16;

Soil Erosion, 513EHRENHAFT, F., The Magnetic Current, 232ELDERFIELD, R. C., J. FRIED and R. G. LINVILLE, Syntheses

of Model Unsaturated Lactones, 284Electric Mobility, H. A. ABRAMSON, 345Electronic Inductorium, A. B. CULLEN, JR., 219ELROD, R. P. and A. C. BRAUN, A Phytopathogenic Bac-

terium, 520EMERSON, H., Papers of Wade Hampton Frost, 463EMMEL, V. M., Paraffin Infiltration, 264Encephalitis, W. McD. HAMMON and OTHERS, 305; J.CASALS and R. PALACIOS, 330

Encephalomyelitis, S. GARD and K. 0. PEDERSEN, 493; 534Engineering, Chemical, at Cornell, 13; Practice and Un-

dertow, 0. F. EVANS, 39; Pan-American Congress, 408;Public Health, Advisory Board, 602

Engineers', Defense Board, 360, 383; Council for Pro-fessional Development, 456

Enzymatic Link Between Dihydro-diphosphopyridine Nu-cleotide and Cytochrome C, A. M. ALTSCHUL, H. PER-SKY and T. R. HOGNESS, 349

Enzymes, in Ontogenesis, T. H. ALLEN and J. H. BODINE,443; Concentration by Dialysis, G. E. YOUNGBURG, 498

Epidemics, Spread of, H. PETERSEN, 18EPLING, C., Obligation of the Universities, 487Erythroblastosis Fetalis, P. LEVINE and OTHERS, 371Euthenics, C. E. SEASHORE, 561EVANS, 0. F., Undertow and Engineering Practice, 39Evolution, Pro and Con, 0. HAAS, 41Excretion, Sodium and Chloride, G. W. THORN, L. L.ENGEL and R. A. LEWIS, 348

EXNER, F. M., Streptococcus Bacteriophages, 394Expedition, Guatemala, 12; Eastern Tropical Pacific, R.

C. MURPHY, 57; Alaskan, 359; Eclipse, 382EYSTER, W. H., Fertility in Plants, 144

FABER, H. K., Poliomyelitis Virus, 566Fellowships, Guggenheim, 139; in Chemistry, of E. I. du

Pont de Nemours, 509Fermentation Yeast, R. MARCUSE, 466Field Museum, Botanical Expedition, 12; Report, 158Fifty Years, the Next, R. M. HUTCHINS, 333Filing of Scientific Data, F. BLANK, 463Film Systems, Sterol Surface, W. W. DAVIS, M. E. KRAHLand G. H. A. CLOWES, 519

FINCH, G., Chimpanzee Handedness, 117FISHER, R. A., Experimental Four-Fold Tables, 210FLEMING, J. A., E. TELLER and G. GAMOW, Washington

Conference on Theoretical Physics, 92Flowmeters, E. L. GOODEN, 309Foodstuffs, Fortification of, J. M. LUCK, 31FORT, W. B., H. C. WILSON and H. G. GOLDBERG, Forma-

lin and Biological Specimens, 169Foundation, Infantile Paralysis, 108; Ella Sachs Plotz,

215; BuMl, 319Four-Fold Tables, Experimental, R. A. FISHER, 210Frog Web Circulation, W. A. HIESTAND, 50FRUITMAN, H. L., Contaminated Waters, 119

iv SCIENCE

NEW SERIES 1VOL. XCIV J SCIENCE

FUHRMAN, F. A., J. M. DILLE and A. W. MARTIN, BrainOxidations and Convulsant Barbiturate, 421

FULLER, J. L., Gas Analysis, 264FUNK, C. and OTHERS, Production of Insulin, 260FURLONG, E. L., Stone Man Cave, 414FURNAS, C. C., Future Sources of Power, 425FURTH, J. and E. A. KABAT, The Wassermann Antigen, 46

GAGGE, A. P., Heat Exchange of Man with Environment,428

Galenas, Sedimentary, A. C. LANE, 463GARD, S. and K. 0. PEDERSEN, Encephalomyelitis Virus,

493Gas Analysis, J. L. FULLER, 264; L. G. WESSON, 546Gases, V. N. IPATIEFF and G. S. MONROE, 423Gastropods, J. BEQUAERT and W. J. CLENCH, 514Gauss, Carl Friederich, R. C. ARCHIBALD, 41Generator, Square-Wave, C. W. GOODWIN, 309Geological Society of America, 182, 433Geologists, Conference, M. N. SHAFFNER, 69Geology, Field Work in Canada, 204; Pan-American Con-

gress, 408GERARD, R. W., Mosquito Control, 44; Chicago Museum of

Science and Industry, 45GER1MANN, F. E. E., Southwestern Meeting of American

Association for the Advancement of Science, 180GILSON, W. E., H. GOLDBERG and H. C. SLOCUM, Deter-

mining Blood Pressure, 194GISBORNE, H. T., Smoothing Colors, 26Glycosides, Cardiac, M. B. VISSCHER and J. S. LADuE, 324GOODALE, H. D., Progeny-Test Breeding, 442GOODEN, E. L., Flowmeters, 309GOODNER, K., Collodion Fixation, 241GOODWIN, C. W., Square-Wave Generator, 309GORBMAN, A., Iodine-Storing Tissue in Ascidian, 192GOULD, J. and C. MORGAN, Hearing in the Rat, 168GRANT, E. A., R. B. Dow and W. R. FRANKS, Denatura-

tion of Egg Albumin, 616Great Britain: Birthday Honors, 60; EngineeringAwards, 85; Publications of the British Museum, T. D.A. COCKERELL, 91; Science and America, 107; Damageto Royal College of Surgeons, 131; British Associationfor the Advancement of Science, 296; Greenwich RoyalObservatory, 227; Award of the Baly Medal, 251; Re-port of the Council, 272; Scientific Conference in Lon-don, 321; Science News, 361; Zoological Museum atTring, T. D. A. COCKERELL, 364; Damage to Universityof London, 408; Society of Nutrition, 457; Royal So-ciety Medals, 482

GRUNDFEST, H., War Hysteria in Canada, 461GY6RGY, P. and C. S. ROSE, Egg White Injury, 261

HAAG, H. B., Rafinesque's Interests, 403HAAS, 0., Pro and Con Evolution, 41HAIG, I. T., Preservation of Natural Areas, 163HAMLY, D. H., Microscopes, 263; Color Systems, 586HAMMON, W. McD., and OTHERS, Encephalitis, 305; 328HANKS, J. H., Grinder for Infected Tissues, 615HANSEN, I. B., Breathing Mechanism of Turtles, 64HARDMAN, N. F. and R. CRAIG, Red Scale, 187HARE, J., Current List of Medical Literature, 299HARVEY, E. B., Echinoderms, 90HAZELTINE, A., Basic Physics, 277Health, Federal Department of, Brazil, 157Heart Muscle, J. L. MELNICK, 118Heliotropic Effect of Neon Lights, C. N. RAY, 585HENDERSON, L. J., The Study of Man,- 1HIESTAND, W. A., Frog Web Circulation, 50High Schools and Colleges, M. H. TRYTTEN, 387; S. R.POWERS, 514

HILL, A. V., Science in Government, 475HIRST, G. K., Allantoic Fluid and Influenza Virus, 22HODGES, P. C., X-Ray Tube, 424HOFFMAN, W. A., Insect Bites, 66Hormonal Activity of a Steroid Compound, H. SELYE, 94

Hospital, Service, Associated, 34; Memorial, 84; Adminis-trators Institute, 432

HOWARD, F. L., Plant Disease Control, 345Human Gene Symbols, H. H. STRANDSKOV, 366HUNT, K. W., Botanical Society of America, 69HUTCHINS, R. M., The Next Fifty Years, 333

Illusions in Printed Matter, C. E. WATERS, 136Immunological Reaction, K. GOODNER, 241Individual and the Social Level, H. S. JENNINGS, 447Industrial, Research, 109; Organization, 579Insect Bites, W. A. HOFFMAN, F. F. NORD and C. H.

WERKMAN, 66Insecticidal Aerosols, W. N. SULLIVAN, L. D. GOODHUEand J. H. FALES, 444

Insulin, Production of, C. FUNK and OTHERS, 260Intellectual Cooperation, Committees, 457Iodine-storing Tissue, A. GORBMAN, 192IPATIEFF, V. N. and G. S. MONROE, Solubilities of Gases,

423IRREVERRE, F. and M. X. SULLIVAN, Vitamin K1, 497

JENNINGS, H. S., Individual and the Social Level, 447Jessup, W. A., Succeeds F. P. Keppel as President of

Carnegie Corporation, 384JOHNSON, M. J., The Pasteur Effect, 200JONES, G. N., Species of Plants, 234JONES, L. H., Coin Mats for Microscopists, 446

KAY, G. M., The Martic Thrust, 73Keppel, F. P., Succeeded by W. A. Jessup, 384; Achieve-ment of, 391

KING, C. G., H. W. KARN and R. A. PATTON, NutritionalDeficiency, 186

KITCHIN, P. C., Abrasion in Human Teeth, 65KLUMPP, T. G., Drug Research, 99KNAYSI, G., Staphylococcus, 234KOCHOLATY, R. J.- and W. KOCHOLATY, Arginase, 144KORFF, S. A., L. B. LOEB and J. M. MEEK, The Electric

Spark, 541KREGEL, E. A. and OTHERS, Encapsulated Bacteria, 592

Lactation, B. SURE, 167Lactones, Unsaturated, Syntheses of, R. C. ELDERFIELD,

R. C. LINVILLE and J. FRIED, 284LANE, A. C., Sedimentary Galenas, 463LANG, W. B., Granitic Porphyries, 390; Mosses, 414LAURENCE, W. L., Biotin Deficiency and Malignancy, 88LAWRENCE, E. 0., New Frontiers in the Atom, 221LEAKE, C. D., Reprints for European Laboratories, 586LEE, J. S., Paramecium, 332, 352LEHR, D. and W. ANTOPOL, Typical Urinary Crystals, 282LEVINE, P. and OTHERS, Erythroblastosis Fetalis, 371LEWISOHN, R. and OTHERS, Tumor Growth, 70LEYPOLDT, H., Sea-Level and Sand Movement, 607LOEB, L., The Laboratory Mouse, 516LOONEY, J. M., Syringes, 4-70LOTKA, A. J., Urban Concentration, 164LUCK, J. M., Foodstuffs, 31; Pacific Division, 121LUTZ, H. J., Heavy Minerals in Soils, 344LYNCH, W. A., Eastern Section of the Seismological Soci-

ety of America, 68

MCCAY, C. M., Reprint Size, 415MCCLURE, G. Y., Poliomyelitis Virus, 307MCCOLLUM, E. V., C. G. MACKENZIE and J. B. MACKENZIE,Cod Liver Oil Muscular Dystrophy in the Rabbit, 216

MCCOORD, A. B., "Frozen" Glass Syringes, 170MCCUTCHEON, F. H., Breathing Mechanism of Turtles,

609McDANIELS, L. H., The Scientific Method, 243McELROY, L. W., Panthothenic Acid Deficient Rats, 467MCGLAMERY, W., Alabama Academy of Science, 189MACKENZIE, J. B., Sulfanilylguanidine, 518McKINNEY, H. H. and C. H. HILLS, Metabolism, 372

v

ECONTENTS ANDL INDEX

McNAiR, J. B., Seed Fats, 422MeNIsH, A. G., Auroral Display, 413Magnetic Current, F. EHRENHAFT, 232MAHER, E. T., Bile in the Urine, 398Maize Pollen, R. A. BAIR and W. E. LOOMIs, 168Malaria, Control, 228; National Committee, 555Mammalogists, American Society of, 59Man, Study of, L. J. HENDERSON, 1; Heat Exchange,

A. P. GAGGE, A. C. BURTON and H. C. BAZETT, 428Manuscripts for the Press, R. D. POTTER, 438Maps, Locations on, R. H. MERRILL, 137MARCUSE, R., Yeast Fermentation, 466Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 206Martic Thrust, G. M. KAY, 73Mathematical, Association, 36, 205; Tool, 302Mathematicians, Chicago Meetings, 36; of America and

Soviet Russia, 340, 409; Lehigh Meeting, 603Mathematics, and the Sciences, C. V. NEWSOM, 27; Pre-

Euclidean Greek, G. A. MILLER, 89; Section of theNational Academy of Sciences, G. A. MILLER, 345

Medical, Investigators, W. B. CANNON, 171, 516; Litera-ture, J. HARE, 299

Medicinal Plants, Rafinesque on, H. B. HAAG, 403Medicine, Dental, Harvard School of, 319; Tropical, at

Tulane University, E. C. FAUST, 610Mellon Institute Lectures, 274MELNICK, J. L., Heart Muscle, 118Mercury and Ammonia, R. G. ROBERTS, 591MERRILL, R. H., Locations on Maps, 137Metabolism, H. H. McKINNEY and C. H. HILLS, 372Metal Carbonyls, A. A. BLANCHARD, 311Mice, Harderian Glands in, L. C. STRONG and F. H. J.

FIGGE, 331; Protection against Influenza Virus, 0. H.ROBERTSON and OTHERS, 612

MICHAELIS, L. and S. GRANICK, Magnetic Properties ofCatalase, 285

Microfilm Copying, A. SEIDELL, 114; 515Microscopes, Standard, Adjustment for, D. H. HAMLY,

263; Coin Mats, L. H. JONES, 446Migration Route, P. B. SEARS, 301MILLER, G. A., Pre-Euclidean Greek Mathematics, 89;

Mathematics Section of the National Academy of Sci-ences, 345

MILLER, G. S., JR., Man's Biological Outlook, 163MILLIKAN, R. A., H. V. NEHER and W. H. PICKERING,

Cosmic Rays, 335Minerals, Heavy, in Soils, H. J. LUTZ, 344Molecular N'5, R. H. BURRIS, 238Mosquito Control and Wildlife Conservation, R. W.

GERARD, 44Mosses in the Virginia Caverns, W. B. LANG, 414MOULTON, F. R., American Association, Durham, 51; Chi-

cago, 147, 353; Dallas, 499, 527; Gibson Island, 179Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 408MURPHY, R. C., Askoy Expedition of the American Mu-

seum, 57MURRILL, W. A., A White Blackberry, 326Museums: of Natural History, American, Resignation of

Dr. Whitlock, 11, of Dr. Andrews, 482; Expeditions,R. C. MURPHY, 57, 132, 359; Field, Botanical Expe-dition, 12; Report, 158; Los Angeles, Reorganizationof, A. W. BELL, 255; Zoological, at Tring, T. D. A.COCKERELL, 364; of New Mexico, 481; Dyche, at Uni-versity of Kansas, A. L. WETMORE, 593; of Scienceand Industry, Chicago, R. W. GERARD, 45; New York,481

MYERS, C. S., Modern Psychology, 75, 102MYLON, E. and OTHERS, Blood Pressure, 190

National, Academy of Sciences, Wisconsin Meeting, 275,Building, 295, First Mathematical Section, G. A.MILLER, 345; Resources Planning Board, 134; ScienceFund, A. F. BLAKESLEE, 356; Natural Areas, F. E.EGLER, 16, W. G. VAN NAME, 66, I. T. HAIG, 163

Neon Lights, Heliotropic Effect of, C. N. RAY, 585

NEUBERGER, H., Atmospheric Haze, 485NEUWIRTH, I. and H. I. VENOKUR, Thymus Extract Injec-

tions on Rats, 233NEWSOM, C. V., Mathematics and the Sciences, 27Nicotiana rustica, L. A. WHITE, 64; E. G. BEINHART, 538NOVAK, M., Syringes, 522Nutrition Society, 489Nutritional Deficiency, C. G. KING, R. W. KARN and

R. A. PATTON, 186

Obituaries: Clark, Howard Walton, F. M. MAcFARLAND,226; Coghill, George Ellett, C. J. HERRICK, 202; Con-nor, Charles Lloyd, C. L., 11; Davenport, Eugene, D.KINLEY, 105; Dunagan, Walter Mathew, H. J. GILKEY,578; Fernholz, Erhard, G. A. HARROP and H. E.STAVELY, 130; Ganong, William Francis, F. G. SMITHand H. A. CHOATE, 317; Glover, James W., L. C.

KARPINSKI, 156; Granger, Walter, G. G. SIMPSON, 338;Harrar, Norman Jackson, F. E. E. GERMANN, 507; Hill,Robert Thomas, F. H. LAHEE, 249; Imes, ElmerSamuel, W. F. G. SWANN, 600; Jollos, Victor, R. A.BRINK, 270; Kremers, Edward, G. URDANG, 293; Kriss,Max, E. B. FORBES, 600; Mallory, Frank Burr, F. PAR-KER, JR., 430; Nagayo, Mataro, W. NAKAHARA, 477;Noyes, William Albert, A. M. PATTERSON, 477; Pecher,Charles, J. H. LAWRENCE, 533; Plaskett, John Stanley,B. J. BOK, 453; Schoenheimer, Rudolf, HANS T.CLARKE, 553; Smith, Hugh McCormick, L. P. SCHULTZE,381; Troop, James, J. J. DAVIS, 507; Wegeforth, HarryMilton, W. C. CRANDALL, 204; Wilson, Charles Branch,W. L. SCHMITT, 358; Wittenborg, August H., 0. W.HYMAN, 407

Observatory, McDonald, 35OEHSER, P. H., Leonhard Stejneger, 415Opossum, Rete Apparatus in, R. K. BURNS, JR., 142Optical Society of America, 183ORR, P. C., Burial in California, 539OSBORNE, J. G., Systematic and Random Samples, 584OWEN, S. E., Oxidizable Substances in Solution, 98Oxygen Consumption of Laboratory Animals, S. A. PEO-

PLES, 373Ozonization of o-Xylene, J. P. WIBAUT and P. W. HAAY-MAN, 49

Pacific Ocean, H. U. SVERDRUP, 287PAGE, J. W., JR., Maryland Academy of Science, 190Palm Patterns, D. C. RIFE, 187P-Aminobenzoic Acid, S. WIEDLING, 389; N. S. DIMOND,

420Pantothen, R. J. WILLIAMS, 462Pantothenic Acid, L. W. MCELROY, 467; A. TAYLOR, J.THACKER and D. PENNINGTON, 542

Paraffin Infiltration, V. M. EMMEL, 264Paramecium, J. S. LEE, 332, 352Pasteur Effect, M. J. JOHNSON, 200PAUL, J. R., Poliomyelitis Virus, 395PEOPLES, S. A., Oxygen Consumption of Laboratory Ani-

mals, 373PETERSEN, H., Spread of Epidemics, 18Pharmacopoeias, United States, G. D. BEAL, 301Philosophical Society, American, E. G. CONKLIN, 547Phosphorescence of Human Teeth, J. DE MENT, 90Physical and Mental Development, W. S. CARLSON, 17Physicians, Shortage of, 555Physics, Theoretical, Washington Conference, J. A. FLEM-

ING, E. TELLER and G. GAMOW, 92; Basic, A. HAZEL-TINE, 277; in Pre-Nazi Germany, 488

PIKE, E. W. and F. H. PIKE, A New Biochemistry, 325PILLEMER, L., Components of Complement, 437PIRONE, P. P., Plant Propagation, 74Plague, Spread of, C. M. WHEELER, J. R. DOUGLAS and

F. C. EVANS, 560Plant, Propagation, P. P. PIRONE, 74; Disease Control,

F. L. HOWARD,345

vi SCIENCE

NEW SERIES 1VOL. XCIV J SCIENCE

Plants, Fertility in, W. H. EYSTER, 144; Species of,G. N. JONES, 234

Plasmodium Gallinaceum, L. VARGAS and E. BELTRAN,389

Poland, German Persecutions in, 540Poliomyelitis, Foundation, 108; Virus, G. Y. MCCLURE,

307; J. R. PAUL, 395; H. K. FABER and R. SILVERBERG,566; A. B. SABIN and R. WARD, 590

Porphyries, Granitic, W. B. LANG, 390Potatoes, Boiled, Darkening of, W. E. TOTTINGHAm and

C. 0. CLAGETT, 497POTTER, R. D., Manuscripts for the Press, 438POUGH, R. H., A Bird List, 213Power, Future Sourees of, C. C. FURNAS, 425POWERS, S. R., Colleges and High Schools, 514Proteins in the "Lyophiled" State, I. R. RAILTON, B.CUNNINGHAM and P. L. KIRK, 469

Psychological Corporation, Twentieth Anniversary, 536Psychology, Modern, C. S. MYERS, 75, 102; Experimental,

R. S. WOODWORTH, 265

RAILTON, I. R., Proteins in the "Lyophiled" State, 469Rappleye, Dr. H. S., Resignation of, 555Rats, Hearing in, J. GOULD and C. MORGAN, 168; Thymus

Extract Injections, I. NEUWIRTH and H. I. VENOKUR,233; Cure of Egg-White Injury in, P. GYORGY and C. S.ROSE, 261; Pantothenic Acid Deficient, L. W. MCELROY,467; Serum from, Fed p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene, H.P. RUSCH, D. L. MINER and A. J. DIRKSEN, 468; Effectof Sulfanilylguanidine on the Thyroid of, J. B. MAc-KENZIEI C. G. MACKENZIE and E. V. MCCOLLUM, 518

RAY, C. N., Heliotropic Effect of Neon Lights, 585Red Scale, N. F. HARDMAN and R. CRAIG, 187Reprints, Size, C. M. MCCAY, 415; for European Labora-

tories, R. B. DEAN, 439, C. D. LEAKE, 586Research, Institute, Public Health, New York City, 13;

Scientific, and Development, 33; on Meteorites, Societyfor, 60; Drug, T. G. KLUMPP, 99; Industrial SurveyOf, 109, 134; Reports, Chemical, 182, 395; Supplies,Preference Rating for, 273; Submicroscopical, StanfordUniversity, 295; Bermuda Biological Station for, 319;Council, National, Fellowships, 580; Grants, VirginiaAcademy of Science, 602

Respirometer, Micro-, A. TYLER and W. E. BERG, 397Reviews, 19, 41, 67, 114, 115, 138, 139, 164, 165, 195, 213,

214, 236, 258, 259, 280, 281, 282, 303, 304, 327, 328, 346,367, 368, 391, 392, 393, 417, 440, 441, 490, 492, 518, 541,565, 588, 611

Rickettsiae, Cultivation, H. R. Cox, 399RIFE, D. C., Palm Patterns, 187ROBBINS, W. J., E. T. BUTLER and B. 0. DODGE, Biotinand Neurospora, 262

ROBERTS, R. G., Mercury in Contact with Ammonia, 591ROBERTSON, G. M., Source of Clay Balls, 326ROBERTSON, 0. H. and OTHERS, Protection of Mice against

Influenza Virus by Propylene Glycol, 612ROBINSON, R. J., and B. M. G. ZWICKER, Nitrate-FreeSea Water, 25

ROMANOFF, A. L., Homeothermy in Birds, 218ROmER, A. S., Earliest Land Vertebrates, 279RoUs, P. and W. F. FRIEDEWALD, Carcinogenesis on Rab-

bit Papillomas Due to Virus, 495ROZEBOOM, L. E., A. Fox and R. L. LAIRD, Anopheles,

114BUSCH, H. P., Serum from Rats Fed p-Dimethylaminoazo-

benzene, 468Rush Medical College and University of Illinois, 35RUSSELL, H. N., Cosmical Abundance of the Elements,

375RUSZNYAK, ST. and A. BENK6, Vitamin P Deficiency, 25

SABIN, A. B., Poliomyelitis Virus, 590; and R. WARD, 113Sailfish, Young, W. BEEBE, 300Samples, Systematic and Random, J. B. OSBORNE, 584SANFORD, F., Solar Radiation Constant, 18Scale, Citrus Red, V. P. SoKoLorF and L. J. KLOTZ, 40

SCHOENBACH, E. B., J. F. ENDERS and J. H. MUELLER,Streptococcus Hemolyticus, 217

SCHULTZ, A. S., L. ATKIN and C. N. FREY, Thiamin, 212Science, High School, New York City, 12; and Mathe-

matics, C. V. NEWSOM, 27; and Education, Gifts to,83; British and American, 107; International Rela-tions, 250; Freedom in, Proposed Society, 304; Clubsof America, 320; National, Fund, A. F. BLKsi^356; and World Order, 415; Shows the Way, 439; inGovernment, A. V. HILL, 475; Thailand, 508; and Na-tional Defense, V. BUSH, 571

Scientific, Method, L. H. MAcDANLS, 243; Workers,Census of, 341

Sea Water, Nitrate-Free, R. J. ROBINSON and B. M. G.ZWICKER, 25

Sea-level and Sand Movement, H. LEYPOLDT, 607SEALOCK, R. R., Dextro Configuration, 73SEARS, P. B., Migration Route, 301SEASHORE, C. E., Euthenics, 561Seed Fats, J. B. McNAIR, 422SEEVERS, M. H. and F. E. SHIDEMAN, A Tissue Mincer,

351SEIDELL, A., Microfilm Copying, 114, 515Seismological Society of America, Eastern Section, W. A.LYNCH, 68

SELYE, H., Hormonal Activity of a Steroid Compound, 94SHAFFNER, M. N., Field Conference of Geologists, 69SHORn, E., Staining Vaginal Smears, 545SIEVE, B. F., Clinical Achromotrichia, 257SINGAL, S. A. and W. P. SYDENSTRICKER, Pyridoxine in

Urine, 545SMITH, R. C., Kansas Academy of Science, 42SMYTHE, C. V., Thiamine Determination, 539Snake, Water, D. STONER, 367Soil, Fertility, 279; Erosion, F. E. EGLER, 513SOKOLOFP, V. P. and L. J. KLOTZ, Citrus Red Scale, 40Solar Radiation Constant, F. SANFORD, 18Solubilities of Gases, V. N. IPATIEFF and G. S. MONROE,423

Spectra, Absorption, A. H. TAYLOR, 278SPENCER, E. L., Tobacco-Mosaic Virus, 96Spider, Red, P. A. ARK and C. M. TOMPKINS, 212Sponges, Freshwater, A. SVIHLA, 278Staining Vaginal Smears, E. SHORR, 545Standards Council, 83Staphylococcus, G. KNAYSI, 234Stejneger, Leonhard, P. H. OEHSaR, 415STETSON, H. T., Auroras, 574STONE, M. H., International Cooperation, 137Stone Man Cave, E. L. FURLONG, 414STONER, D., A Water Snake, 367STOUT, A. B. and C. CHANDLER, Diploidy and Tetraploidy,

118STRANDSKOV, H. H., Human Gene Symbols, 366Streptococci, Hemolytic, P. L. BOISvERT, 193; E. B.SCHOENBACH, J. F. ENDERS and J. H. MUELLER, 217;Bacteriophages, F. M. EXNER and S. E. LURIA, 394

STRONG, L. C. and F. H. J. FIGGE, Harderian Glands inMice, 331

STRUVE, 0., Astronomy at Chicago, 337Success, Is This?, R. N. CHAPMAN (the late), 81Sulfanilamide, N. S. DIMOND, 420Sulfanilylguanidine and the Thyroid of the Rat, J. B.MACKENZIE, C. G. MACKENZIE and E. V. MCCOLLUM,518

Sulfonamides, W. C. CUTTING and L. P. GEBHARDT, 568SULLIVAN, W. N., Insecticidal Aerosols, 444SUMNER, J. B. and M. LASKOWSKI, Crystalline Catalase,

615SURE, B., Lactation, 167Surgeons, International College of, in Mexico City, 14SVERDRUP, H. U., The Pacific Ocean, 287SVIHLA, A., Freshwater Sponges, 278Syringes, Glass, "Frozen," A. B. MCCOORD, 170; J. M.LOONEY, 470; M. NOVAK, 522

Vii

[CONTENTS ANDL INDEX

TAYLOR, A., Pantothenie Acid, 542TAYLOR, A. H., Absorption Spectra, 278Teeth, Abrasion in Human, P. C. KITCHIN, 65TELFORD, H. S. and C. WESTER, Anopheles, 514Thailand Department of Science, 508Thiamin, Determination of, A. S. SCHULTZ, L. ATKiN and

C. N. FREY, 212; C. V. SMYTHE, 539Thixotropy in Blood, A. L. COPLEY, 543THORN, G. W., L. L. ENGEL and R. A. LEWIS, Sodiumand Chloride Excretion, 348

THORNDIKE, E. L. and A. J. LOTKA, Urban Concentration,164

Tippo, 0., Botanical Society of America, 326TISELIUS, A., Adsorption Analysis, 145Tissue, Mincer for, M. H. SEEVERS and F. E. SHIDEMAN,

351; Culture, D. R. COMAN and N. G. STABLER, 569;Biotin from, R. C. THOMPSON, R. E. EAKIN and R. J.WILLIAMS, 589; Chick Embryo, J. W. BEARD andOTHERS, 613; Grinder, J. H. HANKS, 615

Tobacco Plant, R. F. DAWSON, 396TOTTINGHAM, W. E. and C. 0. CLAGETT, Darkening of

Boiled Potatoes, 497Tropical Medicine, American Society, 510TRYTTEN, M. H., Colleges and High Schools, 387Tumor Growth, R. LEWISOHN and OTHERS, 70; Tissues,

P. R. WHITE and A. C. BRAUN, 239TUNNICLIFF, E. A. and P. H. MATISHECK, A Filterable

Virus, 283Turtles, Breathing Mechanism of, I. B. HANSENx, 64;

F. H. MCCUTCHEON, 609TYLER, A., Micro-Respirometer, 397Typhus Vaccine, 340

Universities and Colleges: Obligation of, C. EPLING, 487;Chicago, Fiftieth Anniversary, 20, 229, 321, 333, 375,471, 523; Department of Astronomy, 0. STRUVE, 337;Cornell, Olin Hall of Chemical Engineering, 13; Schoolof Nutrition, 34; Harvard, School of Dental Medicine,319; University and National Defense, 361; Illinois,and Rush Medical College, 35; Grants, 508; Massa-chusetts Institute of Technology, 587; Michigan, Schoolof Public Health, 455; New York City College, System,Attack on, 409; New York, Gifts and Bequests, 480;Northwestern, Institute of Technology, 108; Ohio State,Retirements, 341; Pittsburgh, Buhi Foundation Grant,319; Rutgers, Anniversary Celebration, 251, 361; Stan-ford, Anniversary Address, 221; Submicroscopical Re-search, 295; Tulane, Tropical Medicine, 610

Urban Concentration, A. J. LOTKA and E. L. THORNDIKE,164; J. B. CARROLL, 609

Urinary Crystals, D. LEHR and W. ANTOPOL, 282Urine, Bile in the, F. E. T. MAHER, 398; Pyridoxine in,

S. A. SINGAL and W. P. SYDENSTRICKER, 545

VAN NAME, W. G., Sample Areas in National Forests, 66VARGAS, L., Plasmodium Gallinaceum, 389Vertebrates, Land, Earliest, A. S. ROMER, 279Virus, Influenza, G. K. HIRST, 22; Tobacco Mosaic, E. L.

SPENCER, 96; Poliomyelitis, A. B. SABIN and R. WARD,113; J. R. PAUL, 395; H. K. FABER and R. SILVERBERG,

566; A. B. SABIN and R. WARD, 590; Infected Mem-branes, W. B. DUNHAM, 120; Filterable, E. A. TUNNI-CLIFF and P. H. MATISHECK, 283; Encephalitis, W.McD. HAMmoN and OTHERS, 328; Encephalomyolitis,S. GARD and K. 0. PEDERSEN, 493; Carcinogenesis, Rab-bit Papillomas Due to, P. Rous and W. F. FRIEDEWALD,495

Vision, Binocular, F. H. ALLEN, 486VISSCHER, M. B. and J. S. LADUE, Cardiac Glycosides,

324Vitamins: Vitamin A, G. WALD, W. R. CARROLL and D.

SCIARRA, 95; 0. BODANSKY, J. M. LEWIS and C. HAm,370; Vitamin B-Complex, Mead, Johnson and Co., 383;M. S. BISKIND and G. R. BISKIND, 462; Vitamin B,and Woody Erosion-Control Plants, M. DONNELLY, 71;Vitamin Be, D. DAY, 468; Vitamin K,, F. IRREvERand M. X. SULLIVAN, 497; Vitamin P Deficiency, ST.RUSzNYiK and A. BENK6, 25; Social Implications ofVitamins, R. R. WILLIAMS, 471

War Hysteria in Canada, H. GRUNDFEST, 461WARREN, C. 0., Tissue in Serum, Respiration and Metabo-

lism of, 97WATERS, C. E., Illusions in Printed Matter, 136Waters, Contaminated, H. L. FRUITMAN, 119WESSON, L. G., Gas Analysis, 546Westinghouse Time Capsule, 251WETMORE, A. L., Dyche Museum, Kansas, 593WHEATLEY, M. D., Biological Specimens, 49WHEELER, C. M., Spread of Plague, 560WHEELER, S. M., G. E. FOLEY and T. D. JONES, Bacteria

in Air, 445WHITE, L. A., Nicotiana rustica, 64; Cultivation of Cot-

ton, 162WHITE, P. R. and A. C. BRAUN, Tumor Tissues, 239Whitlock, Herbert P., Retirement, 11WIBAUT, J. P. and P. W. HAAYMAN, Ozonization of

o-Xylene, 49WIEDLING, S., P-Aminobenzoic Acid, 389Wildlife Forest, Natural Area in, F. E. EGLER, 16WILLIAMS, R. J., Pantothen, 462; Biotin, 589WILLIAMS, R. R., Implications of Vitamins, 471, 502WITEBSKY, E. and N. C. KLENDSHOJ, Blood Transfusions,

256WOLF, E. A., Higgins versus Higbee, 540WOLSKY, A., Drosophila Pupae, 48WOOD, H. 0., Earthquake Risk and Its Abatement, 195WOODWORTH, R. S., Experimental Psychology, 265WYMAN, D., American Association of Botanical Gardens

and Arboretums, 166

X-Ray Tube, P. C. HODGES, 424

Yeast Fermentation, R. MARCUSE, 466YOUNGBURG, C. E., Concentration of Enzymes, 498

ZECHMEISTER, L. and W. A. SCHROEDER, StereoisomericCarotenoids, 609

ZIETLOW, R., P. HAMM and R. C. NELSON, Purification ofSpectrographic Carbons, 438

Zoological Museum at Tring, T. D. A. COCKERELL, 364

viii SCIENCE

SCIENCEVoL 94 FRIDAY, JULY 4, 1941 No. 2427

The Study of Man: PROFESSOR L. J. HENDERSON ......... 1 Special Articles:

Obituary: The Agglutination of Red Cells by Allantoic FluidObituary: of Chick Embryos Infected with Influenza Virus:Charles Lloyd Connor: C. L. Recent Deaths ............ 11 DR. GEORGE K. HIRST. On the Specific Adsorp-

Scientific Events: tion of Alcohols at the Salicylaldehyde Water In-terface: DRS. GUSTA C. H. EHENSVXRD and DUD-

Retirement of Herbert P. Whitlock of the American LEY F. CHEESMAN. Experimental Vitamin PMuseum of Natural History; The Botanical Expe- Deficiency: DRS. ST. RUSZNY.K and A. BENK6 ......... 22dition to Guatemala of the Field Museum; The HighSchool of Science in New York City; The Olin Hall Scientific ipparatus and Laboratory Methods:of Chemical Engineering at Cornell University; The Preparing Nitrate-Free Sea Water: PROFESSORPublic Health Research Institute of New York REX J. ROBINSON and BENJ. M. G. ZWICKER.City; Meeting of the International College of Sur- Smoothing Colors Applied by Colored Pencils: H.

eonsinMexico City . ........................................ 1 T. GISBORNE...........................................25

Scientific Notes and News.14 Scine News.10 14Index to Volume XCIII.1

Discussion:Establishment of a Natural Area on the Hunting-ton Wildlife Forest: PROFESSOR FRANK E. EGLER. SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-The Relation between Mental and Physical Devel- ment of Science, edited by J. MCKEEN CATTELL and pub-opment: DR. WILLIAM S. CARLSON. The Solar lished every Friday hyRadiation Constant and the Active Region on theSun: PROFESSOR FERNANDO SANFORD. An Analysis THE SCIENCE PRESSof the Spread of Epidemics: DR. HELGE PETERSEN 16 Lancaster, Pa. Garrison, N. Y.

Scientific Books: New York City: Grand Central Terminal

National Unity and Disunity: DR. E. L. THORN- Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.DIKE. Temperature: DR. ROBERT B. SOSMAN ............... 19 SCIENCE is the official organ of the American Associa-

tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-The University of Chicago's Fiftieth Anniversary ing membership In the Association may be secured from

the office of the permanent secretary In the SmithsonianSymposia .... . 20 Institution Building, Washington, D..

THE STUDY OF MAN1By Professor L. J. HENDERSON

HARVAD UNIVERSITY

THE subject of this address is neither man nor thepropriety or the appropriateness of the study of man;it is that study itself. It is not an examination ofwhat chiefly interested Pope and Bolingbroke; it is a

consideration of certain biological and social sciences.It is not even primarily the study of man; it is thestudy of men as organisms, of their structures and

functions, in sickness and in health, and of men as

persons, in their activities and their interactions; forthe characteristics of man are but the uniformitiesobservable among men. Again, our subject is not the

examination of what such studies ought to be; it is

merely a fragment of a description and analysis of

what they are, of how they have been, and of howthey have not been, effectively prosecuted. Let us

1 An address delivered at the University of Pennsyl-vania Bicentennial Conference, September 18, 1940.

note at once that effective work involves both doingwhat is elective and not doing what is not effective.The study of men-even the scientific study-is

ancient and respectable. It goes back to Aristotle, toHippocrates and beyond them to obscure beginnings.To-day it is one of the chief studies of the learned.Like our other activities, it may be divided into twoparts, the successful part and the unsuccessful part.Speaking very generally and with due regard to numer-ous and important exceptions, it may be said that thesuccessful part of the scientific study of men is relatedto medicine, the unsuccessful part to philosophy andto the social sciences. These relations are not onlyhistorical, they are also to be seen in methods, attitudesand traditions.The successes of medicine and the medical sciences

have not been lightly won; from a multitude of failures