news letter JAN new final 2 - Indian Concrete Institute 2011.pdf · High Performance Concrete for more Sustainable Concrete Construction ... Specifications for Concrete Performance

ICI Update – January 2011 01

It was a great experience in participating in the Roving National Seminars on “Concrete Sustainability through Innovative Materials and Techniques” held at Bengaluru, Jaipur, Nagpur and Kolkata during the second week of January 2011. I was overwhelmed to witness enthusiastic response at all four locations. Initial estimate indicates that the total number of delegates who attended the seminars exceeded 1500. At Nagpur, the response was so overwhelming that the local organizers were constrained to refuse registration of delegates as the seminar hall had a capacity to accommodate only 550 chairs! Coinciding with the seminar in Bengaluru, the local center of ICI has taken a lead in organizing a three-day Deminar, which

Contents

attracted participation from different segments of the industry on the one hand and engineering fraternity on the other.

Joint participation of experts from ICI, SINTEF, Norway; and Committee for Organization International Conferences, Canada was an experiment in sharing knowledge on latest developments in the use of innovative materials and techniques. Looking at the success of the seminars one must admit that this objective was fulfilled beyond expectations. We are yet to receive full reports of the seminars. However, in this issue a preliminary report is included along with the lead paper by Prof. V. M. Malhotra for wider dissemination.

During the next month, ICI will be holding a series of Round Table Meetings on the theme “Concrete Pavements and White Topping” at five locations — Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai. I am happy to announce that for these

From the President’s Deskround tables, ICI is successful in garnering the support of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), USA. Two leading experts from FHWA – Mr. Sunil Vanikar and Dr. Tom Van Dam will share their experience and highlight the latest technological developments from their country. ICI will bring all Indian stakeholders including concrete pavement contractors, BOT Operators, decision makers in government and semi-government bodies, leading project management consultants, leading material suppliers, equipment manufacturers together on one platform. The objective of this exercise is mainly to clarify doubts amongst the stakeholders in India and encourage them to adopt concrete pavement/white topping in new projects. I am requesting the concerned local centers of ICI to take a lead and make the round table meetings successful.

Vijay R KulkarniPresident

January 2011 Vol. 2 Issue: 01

STEWOLS INDIA (P) LTD.5-10B & NS-6, Nagpur Industrial Estate,Kamnptee Road Uppalwadi Nagpur-440 026 INDIATel.: +91-712-2641040, 2640613, Fax No.: +91-712-2641760E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.stewols.com

• From the President’s Desk 1

• Upcoming Events 2

• Roving Seminars 3

• ICI ACECON Cultural Event 15

• Selected Seminar Papers 17

• News from Centres 30

• Student Chapters 32

• New Members 34

Upcoming Events

ROUND TABLE MEETINGS ON CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

AND WHITE TOPPING

ICI will be holding a series of Round Table Meetings on the theme "Concrete Pavements and White

Topping: Critical Issues" at five locations, namely, Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai

during the last week of February 2010. ICI is successful in registering the support of Federal Highway

Administration (FHWA), USA, for these events. The FHWA has agreed to depute two of their leading

experts - Mr. Sunil Vanikar and Dr. Tom Van Dam to participate in the round tables. The dates of the

round table are as below.

lMumbai : February 21, 2011

lBengaluru : February 22, 2011

lChennai : February 23, 2011

lHyderabad : February 24, 2011

lDelhi : February 25, 2011

It is proposed that the Round Table Meetings be restricted to selected invitees - mainly the stakeholders

in the industry, such as concrete pavement contractors, BOT Operators, decision makers in government

and semi-government bodies, leading project management consultants, leading material suppliers,

concerned equipment manufacturers, etc. The duration of the round table will be around 3-4 hours,

during which critical issues hindering the adoption of concrete pavements and white-topping will be

discussed threadbare. The experts from the USA will share their experience and highlight the latest

technological developments from their country. The objective of this exercise is mainly to clarify doubts

amongst the stakeholders in India and encourage them to adopt concrete pavement/white topping in

new projects.

One day workshop on “Trends & Techniques in

Concrete Pavement for 21st Century” is organized

by ACCE in association with ICI–TN Chennai

Centre at ICSR Auditorium, IIT Madras on 12th

February 2011. For further details, kindly contact:

R.J.Tamilselvan, Convenor (M) 9444470402 Email :

[email protected].

Seminar on’ Fiber concrete’ is to be organised by

ICI Nagpur Centre on 25-26 June 2011. For further

details, kindly contact : Er.Ish Jain, Org. Secretary.

(M) : +91-9423101454, Email :

[email protected], [email protected].

Seminar on Fiber Reinforced

Concrete

Trends & Techniques in Concrete

Pavement for 21st Century


Prof. T Noguchi -

University of Tokyo

Sustainable Recycling Of

Concrete Structures

Dr. Per Jahren -

CEO, PJ Consult, Norway

CO2 Emission – Triple Focus

MS# AD - 12

Dr. V.Ramakrishnan -

Professor, Emeritus,

North Dakota University

Construction of Structures with

Synthetic Structural Fiber

Reinforced Concrete for

Sustainability and Durability

Mr. Per Fidjestol -

Global Technical Marketing

Manager, Elkem

High Performance Concrete for

more Sustainable Concrete

Construction

Mr. Christian J. Engelsen -

Senior Scientist at SINTEF,

Norway,

The Indo-Norwegian Initiative

on Sustainable Utilization of

Alternative Materials in

Cement and Concrete

Prof. Muhammed Basheer -

Asst. Professor, Queen's

University, Belfast, U.K

Sustainability Issues and

Concrete Technology

Roving Seminars

National Seminars on 'Concrete Sustainability through Innovative

Materials and Techniques'

The recently concluded Roving National Seminars on ‘Concrete Sustainability through Innovative Materials

and Techniques’ at Bengaluru, Jaipur, Nagpur and Kolkata on 10th, 11th, 13th and 14th January 2011 respectively

evoked over whelming response in all four centres of ICI. The topic was covered widely by the contents of the

papers presented by the International and National speakers. Interaction by the participants with the speakers

was the testimony for the success of the programme in meeting the objective of ICI, i.e., to disseminate the

knowledge of latest in the concrete world. The overseas speakers and programme associates were all in

appreciation for the responsiveness of the participants and the excellent arrangements made by all the centres.

The event opened a new avenue for dialogue between the different sections of the people.

Detailed reports of the seminars are awaited from ICI Centres. However, we have obtained certain photographs

of the events. These are included here.

MAIN SPEAKEERS


Roving Seminars

MAIN SPEAKEERS

Dr. Harald Justnes -Chief Scientist SINTEF Building and Infrastructure

Concrete with High Volume of Supplementary Cementing Materials and Admixtures for Sustainable and Productive Construction

Mr. A. K. Jain -

Advisor, Grasim Industries Ltd

(Cement division)

Fly Ash Utilization in Indian

Cement Industry: Current

Status and Future Prospects

Mr. Ajay Pathik -

Heading Counto Microfine

Products Private Ltd as Chief

Operator.

Microtechnology for High

Performance Concrete

Dr.Manu Santhanam

Associate Professor,

IIT Madras

Evolving Performance

Specifications for Concrete

Performance in India

Mr. Vijay R. Kulkarni -

President, ICI

Principal Consultant, RMC

Manufacturers'Association

Concrete Sustainability: Indian

Scenario and Crucial Issues for

Future


BENGALURU

Inaugural Function L-R : Dr.M.N.Hegde, Mr.V.R.Kulkarni, Mr.Raj Pillai,

Mr.R.D.John and Dr.M.R. Kalgal

Seminar speakers with Mr.Raj Pillai, Chairman, ICI-KBC and Dr.M.N.Hegde, Secretary, ICI-KBC

Roving Seminars


Roving Seminars

BENGALURU

A section of the audience


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Roving Seminars

Prof.A.K.Tiwari, Vice-President (N) explaining the salient features of the seminar

Mr.R.Radhakrishnan, Secretary General, ICI compering the programme

Mr.S.Chauhan, Chairman, ICI-Rajasthan Jaipur Centre welcoming the participants.

JAIPUR


Participants interact with Guest Speaker Dr. Harald Justnes

Prof.A.K.Tiwari, handing over the memento to Guest Speaker Prof.Muhammed Basheer

Roving Seminars

JAIPUR


Roving Seminars

ICI-Rajasthan Jaipur centre Executive Committee Members with Guests

A view of the audience

JAIPUR


Roving Seminars

NAGPUR

Mr. L. K. Jain, Past President releasing seminar proceedings –Mr. Manoj Kawalkar, Mr. Vivek Naik, Mr. Radhakrishnan,

Mr. L. K. Jain and Mr. V. R. Kulkarni

Mr.V.R.Kulkarni presenting his paper


Roving Seminars

Mr.Vivek Naik, Vice-President (W) ICI interacting with the speakers

Mr.Keshav Tayade, Chairman, ICI-NC addressing the gathering

NAGPUR


Roving Seminars

Mr. L. K. Jain past president ICI-NC in discussion with Guests


NAGPUR


KOLKATA

Inaugural Session - Seating left to right : Mr.Partha Gangopadhyay, Prof.S.Saraswati, Mr.V.R.Kulkarni, Prof.Muhammed Basheer,

Mr.Aparesh Chaudhuri and Dr.Harald Justnes

Prof.S.Saraswati, Chairman, ICI-WBC welcoming the participants

Roving Seminars


Roving Seminars

Mr.V.R.Kulkarni, President, ICI delivering his Presidential address at the inaugural function


KOLKATA


ICI ACECON Cultural Event

5th December 2010 6th December 2010

Carnatic music on Veena Cultural programme by Jus fusion, a band led by percussionist S.Muralikrishnan, who has performed alongside acclaimed musicians like Sivamani, Umayalpuram Vishvanathan and Zakir Hussain. It is a popular Chennai based fusion band, playing a variety of rhythm based music.


7th December 2010

Guided visit to Rock Temples and Sculptures of Mahabalipuram, a UNESCO sponsored heritage site.

... cont.

Music programme by Yodhakaa, a contemporary Indian music band that plays a collage layering

traditional Sanskrit 'slokans' with broad vistas of musical influences from around the world, creating emotions,

imagination, sounds, thoughts and soul.

A theme village with an ambience representing a typical rural village with shops, entertainers,

soothsayer and temple.

ICI ACECON Cultural Event


Typical Rural Village

Guided visit to Rock Temples and Sculptures of Mahabalipuram, a UNESCO sponsored heritage site.

Selected Seminar Papers

The February 2007 report issued by the International

Panel on climate Change (IPCC) has stated in no

uncertain terms that global warming is no longer an

issue that has to be debated. According to the report,

global warming is here, and drastic actions are

needed for the long-term sustainability of our

environment. It is in this context that this paper

discusses the role of supplementary cementing

materials as partial replacement for cement in

concrete in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Primary emphasis is on the use of high volumes of fly

ash in concrete because this is available in huge

quantities worldwide, and this vast supply will

continue to be available at least up to the year 2050.

Other supplementary cementing materials

discussed include granulated, blast-furnace slag,

rice-husk ash, silica fume and metakaolin. The paper

is concluded by referring to the tradable emission

rights, and the role of developing countries as

regards to the CO2emissions and sustainability.

Keywords: CO2 emissions, concrete, environment,

fly ash, global warming, portland cement,

supplementary cementing materials, sustainable

development.

Introduction

The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

made up of 600 scientists from 40 countries in a

landmark report issued in February 2007 has laid to

rest any doubts about global warming. According to

the IPCC, the global warming is here and it is

primarily due to human activity and is irreversible. It

recommends drastic measures to reduce CO2

emissions, the primary source of global warming, if

present–day environment is to be sustained. The

report also stresses that if no actions is taken to curb

the CO2 emissions, it is most likely that the earth’s

average temperature could increaseby 40C by the

end of this century. According to Nicholas Stern, a

former Chief economist of the World Bank and Head

of the U.K. government Economic Service, the

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES AND CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

V. M. Malhotra

temperature rise of 40C and above would have

serious impacts on food production, water

availability and extreme weather events worldwide

[1]. It is in this context that this paper discusses the

role of supplementary cementing materials as partial

replacement for cement in concrete in reducing

greenhouse gas emissions.

Worldwide CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emissions by Different Countries and Global

Warming

According to the latest estimates, China now has the

dubious honour of being the largest emitter of CO2

emissions having overtaken the U.S.A. in 2009. The

other big emitters are the E.U. India and Russia.

However, it must be stated that the per capita

emissions by developing countries are much lower

than by the developed countries such as Australia,

Canada and the U.S.A. (Table 1)

Table 1 - CO2 Emissions in Tons per Capita and the

Total Emissions*

Country Per Capita (Tons) Total (Megatons)

Australia 26.2 529

U.S.A. 24.0 7,065

Canada 23.7 758

Russia 13.5 1,938

Germany 12.3 1,015

U.K. 11.0 656

Japan 10.6 1,355

Brazil 5.3 983

China 5.0 6,467

India 1.6 1,744

* From: “The Hot Topic” by Walker and King (2008)

According to the published data, the global CO2

emissions had reached 36.5 billion tonnes in 2008.

Given the current rate of increase in the CO2

emissions by China and India, it is reasonable to

assume that by the end of 2010, the total worldwide

emissions would reach or exceed 38 billion tonnes.

Concrete Sustainability through Innovative Materials & Techniques.


Unfortunately, the World Earth Summit in

Copenhagen, Denmark in December 2009, a follow-

up of the former World Earth Summit in Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 and in Kyoto, Japan in 1997

was a tragic failure in that there was no agreement

among the delegates on establishing binding limits

on the rise of CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, there was

a general consensus that if we are to avoid major

catastrophic events in the future, the temperature

rise by the end of the century should not exceed 2.0

oC. However, given the past record of countries like

the U.S.A., China, India and Canada.

Concentration of CO2 in the Atmosphere

The concentration of CO2 has been increasing

steadily in the world since the industrial revolution

in the 1800’s. At the time of the industrial

revolution, the concentration of CO2 in the

atmosphere was 260 ppm, in 1988 the concentration

of CO2 observed in Hawaii was 350 ppm. If no

action is taken on global warming, the rate of

concentration in the atmosphere is going to increase

dramatically (Fig. 1).

CO2 Emissions by Category

The total CO2 emissions in 2007 were 36 billion

tonnes [2], of which fossil fuels contributed about 29

billion tonnes, i.e. 81% of the total. The breakdown by

category is shown in Table 2.

Fig. 1 - Concentration of CO2 in the atmospheresince 1800’s

Table 2 - CO2 Emissions in 2007*

(in billion of tonnes and percent of total)

Billions of Tons %

Total 36 100

Fossil Fuels 29 81

of Which:

• Electricity 11.5 32

• Industry 8.0 22

• Transportation 6.5 18

• Residential 2.0 6

• Commercial 1.0 3

• Deforestation 7.0 19

* Economics for “Crowded Planet: Common Wealth”, by

Jeffrey D. Sachs, 2008

Technologies for Capturing and Storing CO2, and

for Using Co2 for Making New Products

Considerable research is being undertaken in

various countries especially in the U.S.A. to develop

technologies to capture and store CO2, and for using

CO2 for making new products.

These are:

• Sequestration of CO2

The sequestration of CO2 involves capturing of

greenhouse gas emissions so that they can be stored

underground rather than be allowed to enter into the

atmosphere. Several pilot projects have been

undertaken in the U.S.A., Canada and Norway. These

technologies are very expensive and difficult, and

there is no guarantee that GHG will not leak into he

underground water over the years. For the

immediate future, sequestration of Co2 is not an

option.

• Sea Water and CO2

Since 2008 Research has bee underway by the Calera

Corporation, U.S.A., to use sea water to react with

captured CO2 to develop aggregates and or

cementitious products. The

technology is promising and the pilot projects are

under consideration.



• Converting atmosphere Co2 into Commercial

Grade gasoline

In January 2010, Carbon Sciences Inc. of Santa

Barbara, U.S.A. announced that it has developed a

breakthrough technology that

converts atmospheric CO2 into commercial grade

gasoline. According to the information available, this

technology combines chemical and biological

processes in a bio-catalytic process that converts

CO2 into a cost efficient energy source. This is an

interesting development but it has a long way to go

before it can be commercialized.

• Absorption of CO2 Emissions by the Oceans

The world’s oceans have absorbed nearly half of the

Co2 emissions during the past 200 years. This

amounts to nearly 118 billion tonnes of the CO2

emissions since the 1800’s. This is the positive aspect.

However, there are also negative aspects of the

phenomenon. Because as CO2 dissolves in seawater,

it triggers the formation of acids that can dissolve the

shells and skeletons of marine animals and reduces

their ability to produce calcium carbonate shells.

This, in turn, can affect productivity of the oceans in

terms of marine life and reefs.

Global Temperature Rise and Climate Change

An increase in CO2 emissions affects adversely the

global climate. The Inter-governmental Panel on

Climate Change (IPCC), meeting in Geneva, recently

warned that the average global temperature is

expected to rise between 1.4 and 5.8 ºC over the next

100 years. Only seven years ago, the Panel had

predicted a maximum temperature rise of 3.5 ºC over

the same period. It is of interest to note that the

average global temperature has risen only 0.6 ºC over

the past 100 years. In July 2009, the world leaders at

their G8 meeting in Italy agreed to limit the

temperature rise 2.0 ºC from that in the pre-

industrial times. In this regard, analysis by Nicholas

Stern should be of interest [3] .

“However, to have a reasonable change of cost

effectively limiting a rise in global average

temperature to no more thaw 2.0 oC, beyond which

scientists regard as “dangerous” to go, annual

emissions must be reduced to below 44 billion tonnes

by 2020, well below 20 billion tonnes by 2050.

Put another way, today’s average world emissions per

capita are nearly 7 tonnes of carbon dioxide-

equivalent each year, with big variations between

countries; for instance, the United States emits about

24 tonnes per head while the figure for India is below

2 tonnes.

By 2050, the global population is projected to rise to 9

billion, so average per head emissions will have to be

lower than 2 tonnes per year on average. For rich

countries, this will require a cut in annual emissions

by at least 80 percent by 2050.”

Linearity and Ecology

Ecology is non linear [4]. It may follow a straight line

for a while, then it hits a point of no return, that is a

threshold, and then it crashes. The recent collapse of

the massive shelf ice in the Antarctic is the perfect

example of this threshold concept. The scientific

community knew that there were warming trends

but could not foresee that more than five billion

tonnes of Antarctic ice would crumble in a matter of

months.

Retreating of Arctic Ice

A scientific commission consisting of scientists from

eight countries including Canada and the U.S.A.,

have recently completed a four year study on the

retreating of Arctic ice.

The Commission has concluded that the retreat of

Arctic ice and thawing of tundra are a direct result of

the accumulating carbon dioxide and other

emissions from human activities worldwide.

The recent collapse of the massive ice shelf of more

than five billion tonnes, in the Antarctic is a perfect

example of accelerating flows of ice to the sea with

serious consequences of rise in sea levels. This can

also lead to the potential of intensified droughts and

floods.

World Leader in Global Warming

North America is the world leader in global warming

as it can be seem from the following statistics:

• In 1998, the North American continent accounted

for 25.8 per cent of the global emissions of carbon

dioxide, a leading greenhouse gas.



• North American per capita annual gasoline

consumption for motor vehicles is nine times the

global average.

• By 1996, the North American continent’s

impact on the environment also called the

‘ecological imprint’ has grown 4.4 times the

world’s average.

• North Americans burn an estimated 25.7 billion

litres of fuel annually in traffic jams [5].

• Canada and the U.S. consume 25 per cent of global

energy used each year, despite having only about

5 per cent of the world’s population.

• Although today’s cars are 90 per cent cleaner than

those of the 1970’s, U.S. drivers now drive on

average twice as many kilometres as they did in

the 70’s. Also, automobile fuel efficiency gains

have been offset by an 18-year old trend towards

heavier cars such as SUVs. However, the recent

increase in the price of oil has reduced demand for

the SUVs, and people are driving less.

• Total energy use in North America grew 31 per

cent between 1972 and 1997[6]

• Although the average U.S. family size has fallen 16

per cent, the size of new homes has risen 48 per

cent, with resulting increase in energy use.

• Figure 2 shows the percentage of different

greenhouse gas emission in the U.S.A. for the year

2002.

CO2 Emissions by Automobiles in the U.S.A.[7]

Cars are the largest single source of CO2 emissions

into the atmosphere, and every litre of gasoline

burned produces about 2.5 kg of CO2. The average

car getting 10.6 km/L (25 miles per gallon) and

travelling 20,000 km (12,500 miles) per year emits

about 4.7 tonnes of Co2.

Therefore, 25 million passenger cars (10 per cent of

the total number of cars in the U.S.A.) will emit about

120 million tonnes of Co2 into the atmosphere.

This amount of CO2 is about the same as emitted

by the cement plants in the U.S.A. The data given

below gives some idea of the magnitude of the

problem.

Total number of cars in the world 900 Million

Total number of cars in the U.S.A. 250 Million

Population of the U.S.A. 300 Million

Number of cars for the remaining

six billion people 650 Million

CO2 Emissions and Tropical Deforestation

Tropical deforestation is the second biggest cause of

global climate change, second only to the burning of

fossil fuels. Two and a half acres of rain forest

contains between 120 and 300 tons of carbon. It is

estimated that half a million acres of rain forest would

keep the atmosphere free of as much CO2 emissions

as a 500 megawatt coal powered plant in 50 years.

Because of deforestation, Indonesia and Brazil rank

third and fourth in the world in GHG emissions. The

first and the second countries are China and the

U.S.A.

Tibet and Global Warming

According to experts, Tibet will be one of the most

harmed regions of the world by global warning. In

recent years, Tibet has experienced receding ice

lines, melting glaciers and ice caps, extreme weather

changing landscapes and a decrease in bio diversity.

Tibet’s altitude of above 4,000 meters makes it a

barometer of the world’s climate and very sensitive to

temperature changes. According to the China

Meteorological Administration, thetemperature in

Tibet increased 0.32 oC every ten years from the year



1961 to 2008. This was up to six times the temperature

increase in other parts of China which was 0.05 to

0.08 oC per decade.

Potential Impact of Global Warming

At present, there are no means of quantifying the

potential effect of global warming. Different research

groups involved in this area have different forecasts,

and these range from gloomy to very gloomy.

According to the most recent reports (2007) by IPCC,

the following events are the most likely outcome of

climate change:

1. Disappearance of glaciers that feed major river

systems in south and south east Asia

2. Melting of the Antarctic glaciers

3. Melting of the permafrost in the north

4. Flooding that endangers coastal low-lying areas

5. Damaged ecosystem that endanger fisheries

6. Danger of very serious air pollution

7. Increased danger of insect-born diseases

8. Increased threat of forest fires and very serious

floods

9. Forests turning to grasslands

10.Extremely serious shortages of water in parts of

Africa and Asia

Water - The World’s Next Crisis!

Water Shortage

The IPCC reports on climate change issued in 2007

warn that global warming will affect very seriously

the availability of water in the future. The Himalayan

glaciers are melting fast. This could lead to water

shortages for hundreds of millions of people. The

glaciers that regulate the water supply to Ganges,

Indus, Brahmaputra, Mekong, Thanklwin, Yangtze

and Yellow Rivers are believed to be retreating at a

rate of about 10 to 15 metres each year. It is estimated

that 500 million people on the planet live in countries

critically short of water, and by 2025, the above

number will leap to 3 billion. According to Sachs

(2008), several regions of the world primed for real

trouble are:

• The Sahel region in Africa

• The horn of Africa

• Israel-Palestine areas

• The Middle-East, Pakistan and Central Asia

• The Indo-Gangetic Plains

• The North China Plain

• The southwest of the U.S.A. and Mexico

• Murray-Darling Basins in Australia

According to the Pacific Institute for Studies in

Development and Security, water shortages have

risen in recent years across the southwest and

northwest of the U.S.A. These have also occurred in

India, China and Africa. As a result, some industrial

plants had to close or had disruptions.

For example, in 2004, in the southwest Indian state of

Kerala, PepsiCo Inc. and Coco-Cola Co. plants were

ordered closed amid drought-induced water

shortages. Once again, the U.S.A. is the world leader

in water usage as shown below:

Continent Water Consumption

litres/day

North America 600

Europe 300

Africa 30

Water Wastage

In spite of the looming water crisis in the not too

distant future, there is a huge wastage of water

worldwide. For example, 9.5 billion litres of water it

would take to support 4.76 billion people of their daily

needs as set by the United Nations. On the other

hand, currently 9.5 billion litres of water are being

used to irrigate the world’s golf courses.

Furthermore, there seems to be no end in sight for the

building of new golf courses, especially in China and

Southeast Asia and, to a lesser extent, in India.

Irrigation and Water Table

The intense irrigation has a dramatic effect on the

water tables. For example, the number of bore holes

that pump irrigation water to India’s farmland was

10,000 in 1960, and the number increased to

20,000,000 in 2007. This has caused declines of water

tables from 100 to 150 meters in some places.



Energy Type and Water Consumption

The consumption of water differs for different type of energy sources as shown below. This includes water consumed during extraction, refining and power plant operation.

*From: Journal of Policy Engagement (Canada) Vol. 2, No.

1 January 2010 (Data are for U.S.A. only)

Portland Cement and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

During its Manufacturing

Portland Cement Production

Ordinary portland cement is a major construction material worldwide, and will remain so for the foreseeable future (Table 3). The net cement production is expected to rise from about 1.4 billion tonnes in 2000 to about 3 billion tonnes in 2010. (These figures can change depending upon the economy of the world). The major increases will take place in China and India, and to a lesser extent in the former Soviet Union. In the U.S.A., it is expected that the cement production will increase from about 100 million tonnes in year 2000 to about 130 million tonnes in 2010. In view of the huge tonnage involved, it is imperative that the manufacturing of cement be made as environmentally friendly as possible.

Table 3 - Production of Cement/Population/GDP

of Selected Countries - 2008 (Estimates)

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the

Manufacturing of Portland Cement

Not only is the manufacturing of portland cement

highly energy intensive, it also is a significant

contributor of the greenhouse gases. As mentioned

earlier, the production of one tonne of cement

contributes about 1 tonne of CO2 to the atmosphere,

together with minor amount of NOx and CH4. Even

though the amount of GHG other than CO2, is small,

these are much more damaging than the former. The

relative damage index of different GHG is given

below, with CO2 taken as one:

CO2 1x

Methane 20x

Nitrous Oxide 200x

Fluorine 15000x

The total CO2 emissions per tonne of cement can

range from about 1.1 tonne of CO2 from the wet

processing plants to about 0.8 tonnes from a plant

with precalcinators.

About half of the CO2 emissions are due to the

calcination of limestone and the other half are due to

the combustion of fossil fuels. The emissions from the

calcination of limestone are fairly constant at about

0.54 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of cement; the emissions

from the combustion depend on the carbon content

of the fuels being used and the fuel efficiency.

Global Perspective

Globally, in 1995, the production of cement was about

1.4 billion tonnes, thus emitting about 1.4 billion

tonnes of CO2 to the atmosphere. According to world

energy outlook 1995, issued by the International

Energy Authority (IEA), the worldwide Co2

emissions from all sources were 21.6 billion tonnes.

Thus, the worldwide cement production accounted

for almost 7 percent of the total world CO2 emissions.

This proportion is expected to remain steady for the

immediate future (Table 4). This implies that the

cement companies are not expecting the

emergenceof major environmentally friendly cement

manufacturing technologies in the near future.



Table 4 - Worldwide Cement Production and CO2

Emissions

Table 5 - Developing Countries

Regional and World Cement Production to Year

2010* (million tonnes)

The infrastructure needs of the developing countries

have led to huge increases in demand for portland

cement (Table 5). This has led to the installation of a

large number of new cement plants in China and

India. For example, a new plant with a capacity of 2

million tonnes of clinker has just been commissioned

in India, and the plans are to double the capacity of

this plant to 4 million tonnes per year in the near

future, thus making it the world’s largest single

cement clinker plant [8]. Paradoxically, the above

countries are also installing huge coal-fired power

plants to supply electricity to meet the growing needs

of the population and manufacturing industries. For

example, it is anticipated that by year 2010, India will

double the capacity of the electric power generation

from what is being generated today, resulting in an

increase in fly ash availability to about 160 million

tonnes annually. ln that year, the portland cement

production is expected to reach 150 million tonnes.

Table 6 presents current production and anticipated

production for the world for portland cement, fly ash

and other cementitious and pozzolanic materials.

Table 6 - World-wide Production of Cement, Fly Ash

and Other Supplementary Cementing Materials

(Million Tonnes)*

It is evident from Table 6 that fly ash is, and will

remain the major supplementary cementing material

for years to come. It is, therefore, important that we

concentrate our major efforts for the increased use of

fly ash in concrete. Unfortunately, the much needed

industrial developments in China and India are

affecting adversely the environment in two ways. The

installation of new cement plants is increasing

substantially the CO2 emissions, and the

construction of very large capacity thermal power

stations is resulting in hugeamounts of CO2

emissions, in addition to the vast quantities fly ash

and bottom ash becoming available that are not being

recycled in any meaningful manner. A considerable

amount of the fly ash is being dumped in lagoons,

landfill sites and abandoned quarries. Thus,

potentially valuable cementing resources are being

wasted in precisely the countries that need it most to

reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, and to make

economical and durable concrete structures.

Role of Fly Ash and Other Supplementary

Cementing Materials in Reducing CO2 Emissions

Because of the very complex chemical composition of

portland cement clinker, one cannot expect the

emergence of major environmentally friendly

cement clinker manufacturing technologies in the

near future that can reduce CO2 emissions. This

leads us to the conclusion that the answer lies in

reducing the output of cement clinker, and the loss in

clinker production to be overcome by the use of fly

ash and other supplementary cementing materials

such as blast-furnace slag and rice-husk ash in

*Slag, silica fume, natural pozzolans, rice-husk ash, metakaolin



concrete. Also, fillers such as limestone powder are

being used increasing in E.U. countries.

Availability of fly Ash and Utilization Rate

Based on the fragmented information available, the

current annual production of fly ash is of the order of

900 million tonnes worldwide. The big producing

countries are China, India, and the U.S.A. In addition

to this, there are millions of tonnes of fly ash that have

been stockpiled over the years, and this is being

continued. It has been reported that in the U.K.

alone, 120 million tonnes could be recovered from the

stockpiles. The Wisconsin Energy, in Milwaukee,

U.S.A. is already doing so [9]. The utilization rate of

fly ash in concrete varies from country to country

(Table 7). In the U.S.A., fly ash is used as a separately-

batched material at concrete batch plants, where as

in Europe and India, fly ash blended cements are

being produced for use in concrete. Currently, most

fly ash blended cements in India incorporate about

20 percent fly ash;however one company produces

some blended cement with about 30 percent fly ash.

*The above data include fly ash, bottom ash, and slag. For every

100 tonnes of fly ash, there are approximately 25 tonnes of bottom

ash and boiler slag. The above production and utilization rates

have been taken from published data and personal

communications. They are, at best, estimates only, and therefore

the margin of error could be as high as 10 percent.

Energy Sources and their Impact on GHG

Emissions Coal

Notwithstanding that coal-burning power plants

produce huge amounts of CO2 emissions, and are

environmentally unfriendly, it should be kept in

mind that for the foreseeable future, power needs of

the world especially China, India and the U.S.A., will

be met by the coal-burning power plants because

there are huge reserves of good quality coal available

worldwide, and the power

Fig. 3 - Projection of World Coal Use (Source: ASTM)

produced from these sources is still cheaper than

from other sources.Fig. 3 shows the projection of

world coal use indicating that the coals use will

increase from 5.5 billion tonnes in 2005 to about 7.0

billion tonnes in 2020. In 2002, the percentage of

electricity generated by coal in the U.S.A. was 51

percent and is believed that this will stay about the

same by 2025 (Fig. 4). To meet the additional electrical

capacity planned (327,000 megawatts) in China, India

and the U.S.A., these countries will need 562, 213 and

72 new coal-fired plants by year 2012. Thus it can be

safely stated that fly ash will be available in huge

quantities for at least up to year 2050.

Fig. 4 – Percentage of Electricity for Fuel type in the U.S.A.

The vast majority of the available fly ashes for use in

concrete are low-calcium fly ashes (ASTM C 618,

Class F), and are basically the by-product of burning

anthracite or bituminous coal. These fly ashes, in

themselves, possess little or no cementitious value,

but will, in finely divided form and in the presence of

moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at



ordinary temperatures to form compounds

possessing cementitious properties. In recent years,

high-calcium (ASTM C 618, Class C) fly ash is being

marketed in the U.S., Canada, Poland, Greece, and

some other countries. These fly ashes are by-

products of burning lignite or sub-bituminous coal,

and have cementitious properties in addition to

being pozzolanic.

It should be mentioned that not all the available fly

ash is suitable for use in concrete. However,

technologies are available that can beneficiate those

fly ashes that fail to meet the fineness and carbon

content requirements, the two most important

parameters of a fly ash for use with cement in

concrete. These include removal of carbon by

electrostatic and floatation methods. Grinding and

air classification methods have been used to produce

fly ash with high fineness.

Nuclear Energy

Recently, a number of countries are reconsidering

the building of nuclear power plants to meet the

growing energy needs. These include the U.S.A.,

China, India, the U.K. and U.A.E. and South Korea.

The reasons for resurgence of nuclear power are

that they produce clean energy with little impact on

GHG emissions. This is only partly true. However,

there are huge problems associated with nuclear

power. First, the nuclear power plants take about 10

to 15 years to come on line and have huge cost over

runs and delayed delivery times. Furthermore, the

issues of disposal of nuclear waste remain

unresolved. A nuclear power plant under

construction in Finland had serious construction

problems, is way over budget and several years

behind schedule. In addition, with new nuclear

plants in developing countries, the chances of

unforeseen accidents and possible terrorist attacks

increase enormously.

According to T. Friedman, if tried to get all the new

clean energy from nuclear power we would need

between now and 2050 (13 trillion watts) just from

nuclear power, we would have to build 13,000 new

nuclear reactors or one reactor every day for the next

36 years – starting today.

Wind and Solar Power: Clean Energy Sources

These new clean energy technologies at present

provide very limited amount of power as shown in

Tables 8 and 9 for the wind power. Both of these

sources are considerably more expensive than

coalbased energy especially the solar-based power.

Where possible, both wind and solar energy sources

are a preferred option compared to the nuclear

energy.

Table - 8 Top Wind Power Additions in 2009

Sr. Country Capacity added (MW)

1 China 13,000

2 United States 9.922

3 Spain 2,459

4 Germany 1,917

5 India 1,271

6 Italy 1,114

7 France 1,088

8 Britain 1,077

9 Canada 950

10 Portugal 673

Table 9: Top Countries by Total Wind Power

Sr. Country Wind Capacity (MW)

1 United States 35,159

2 Germany 25,777

3 China 25,104

4 Spain 19,149

5 India 10,926

6 Italy 4,850

7 France 4,492

8 Britain 4,051

9 Portugal 3,535

10 Denmark 3,465

High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete Technology

One of the major developments in the area of fly

ash utilization in concrete has been the technology

of high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete by

Malhotra [10] and his associates at CANMET, Ottawa,

Canada. It is believed that in years to come, this

development



will affect profoundly the use of cement in concrete,

especially in India and China.

Other Supplementary Cementing Materials

In addition to fly ash, the other supplementary

cementing materials that are available in large

quantities and can be used to replace portland

cement in concrete include granulated, blast-furnace

slag, natural pozzolans, rice-husk ash, silica fume

and metakaolin. The worldwide production of

granulated, blast-furnace slag is only about 25

million tonnes per year. The rice-husk is not yet

available commercially, although the worldwide

potential is about 20 million tonnes. The use of

granulated blast-furnace slag in concrete has

increased considerably in recent years, and this

trend is expected to continue. Rice-husk ash, when it

becomes available commercially, will along with fly

ash and granulated blast-furnace slag, be the most

significant supplementary cementing material for

use as a partial replacement for portland cement in

concrete to reduce Co2 emissions. The use of natural

pozzolans is rather limited because of their high-

water demand when incorporated in concrete, and

the need for calcination. Both Mexico and Turkey

produce portland/ pozzolanic cements with cement

replacement levels of about 30 percent.

Silica fume, a highly pozzolanic material, is a by-

product of when silicon metal or ferro silicon alloys

are produced in smelters using electric arc furnaces.

The world-wide production is estimated to be

between 1.5 to 2 million tonnes. Its primary use is to

enhance the durability of concrete by making it less

permeable. It is normally not used as a cement

replacement material but is added to the concrete

mixture in addition to portland cement. Thus its

contribution to CO2 emission reduction is indirect

because durable structures require less repair and

maintenance. The performance of metakaolin in

concrete is like that of silica fume, but as metakaolin

is a manufactured product, unlike silica fume which

is a by-product, its use in concrete contributes very

little to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. No

data have been published on the amount of

metakaolin available, but it is believed to be of the

same order as silica fume. In 2008, a large plant

costing millions of dollars had started to produce

metakaolin in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Limestone fillers are being used increasingly in

Europe in the clinkering and grinding phase of

portland cement production; however, these have not

made any significant inroads in North America

because those are not by-product materials and there

are concerns as to the long-term durability of

concrete incorporating these fillers. Also, these fillers

do not offer the same kind of benefits as the fly ashes

in terms of pozzolanic activity and reduced

significantly expansion of concrete due to alkali-

aggregate reactions.

Role of Superplasticizers in reducing CO2

Emissions

There are two poss ib le ways in which

superplasticizers can be used to reduce cement

content in mixture proportioning, and thus

contribute to CO2 emissions reduction. These are:

(a) To produce concrete with very low water-to-

cement ratio. To achieve high-strength concrete, the

water content of the mixture is reduced while

maintaining the same cement content. The reduced

workability is compensated for by incorporating

superplasticizers. By this method, water reductions

of up to 30% have been achieved and concrete with

water-to-cement ratio as low as 0.28 has been

successfully placed. Thus, high performance, high-

strength concrete can be made without increasing

the cement content.

(b) To produce concrete with reduced cement

content.

Superplasticizers can be used to produce concrete

with reduced cement content while the water-to-

cement ratio is maintained constant. As in method

(a), the decrease in workability of concrete is

compensated for by incorporating super

plasticizers.

As mentioned earlier, superplasticizers are a vital

component of HVFA concrete in which more than 50

percent of portland cement can be replaced by fly ash

while still maintaining or increasing the strength and

durability characteristics of concrete.



Global Trade in Fly Ash

Until recently, portland cement was indigenously

produced in every country and there was very little

international trade in this product. However, with

the advent of large multinational cement companies,

the portland has become an internationally traded

product. For example, the U.S.A. imports cement

from a large number of countries including Mexico,

Canada, and Spain. During the years 2002 to 2004,

the U.S.A. was importing between 15 and 20 million

tonnes of cement per year. Similarly fly ash is

becoming an internationally traded product. South

Africa and India are exporting some fly ash to the

Middle East. There is significant trade in fly ash

among European countries, and also between

Canada and the U.S.A. It is not unrealistic to assume

that in the foreseeable future, like portland cement,

large volumes of fly ash would be traded

internationally for use in concrete.

Tradeable Emission Rights and the Utilization of

Fly Ash

‘Tradeable emissions” refers to the economic

mechanisms that are expected to help countries

worldwide meet the stringent emission reduction

targets established by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.

It is being speculated that in the not too distant future

one tonne of emissions will have a trading value of

about $40 (U.S.), the current value being $25.00 (U.S.).

Thus, for example, if a country can replace 50 percent

of cement utilization by fly ash or slag, the country

would have saved about 50 percent of the CO2

emissions from reduced need for cement. For a

country that produces 100 million tonnes of cement

annually, this 50 percent replacement by fly ash

would amount to savings in CO2 emissions of 50

million tonnes. This, in turn, translates into a trading

value of 1,250 million dollars (U.S.) annually. One

must keep in mind that the value of the trading of

emission rights can fluctuate widely. However, given

the political and environmental pressures, the

utilization of fly ash will pay rich dividends. The

developed countries have a major stake in this issue.

If these countries can transfer fly ash utilization

technology to developing countries, and

demonstrate the actual reduction in the installation

of new cement plants in these countries, the former

countries can rightly claim CO2 emission credits.

How the Cement and Concrete Industry can

Contribute to Reduction of CO2 Emissions

There are a number of ways by which the cement and

concrete industry can contribute towards reducing

CO2 emissions. Some of these are:

• Use less concrete

• Use less portland cement

• Use more supplementary cementing materials

• Use less unit water content by using more water

reducers and superplasticizers

• Incorporate recycled aggregates in concrete

• Use stainless steel reinforcement in critical parts

of structures to make them more durable

• Where possible, specify strength acceptance

criteria on 56 or 91 days instead of 28 days; use

roller compacted concrete for pavements and

concrete gravity dams

• Use lightweight concrete where possible

• Develop self-compacting concrete incorporating

large volumes of fly ash instead of large volumes

of cement and viscosity enhancing chemicals such

as welan gum

• Design for durability instead of strength

Is Adaptation to Climate Change a Solution?

Once, adaptation to climate change was not

considered a solut ion. But recently the

environmentalists and economists are reconsidering

this approach. Here is a recent statement from Al

Gore, a former U.S.A. Vice-President and a Nobel-

Prize winner.

“I used to think adaptation subtracted from our efforts

on prevention, but I have changed my mind. Poor

countries are vulnerable and need our help.”

According to M. Bapna of the World Resources

Institute, Washington, D.C., it is already too late to



avert dangerous consequences, so we must learn to

adapt. But the question is who is going to pay for this

adaptation as it involves primarily very poor people

in poor and island countries. The magnitude of the

problem can be gagged from the data shown in Table

8. Thus for the immediate future, adaptation to

climate change is not very promising.

Concluding Remarks

Environmental issues associated with the CO2

emissions from the production of portland cement

demand that supplementary cementing materials in

general, and fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace

slag and rice-husk ash in particular, be used in

increasing quantities to replace portland cement in

concrete. Given the almost unlimited supply of good

quality fly ash worldwide, and the development of

technologies such as high-volume fly ash concrete, it

is proposed that the installation of new cement plants

should be avoided as much as possible. In addition,

the ageing portland cement plants should be phased-

out, and the resulting loss in capacity should be

compensated for by the use of supplementary

cementing materials.

The combined use of superplasticizers and

supplementary cementing materials can lead to

economical high-performance concrete with

enhanced durability. It is hoped that the concrete

industry would show leadership and resolve, and

make contributions to the sustainable development

of the industry in the 21st century by adopting new

technologies to reduce the emission of the

greenhouse gases, and thus contribute towards

meeting the goals and objectives of the1997 Kyoto

Protocol [12].

The following quotation from General Anthony C.

Zinni of the U.S. Army is an appropriate end to the

concluding remarks.

“We will pay for this one day or another. We will pay to

reduce green-house gas emissions today and we’ll

have to take an economic hit of some kind. Or we will

pay the price later in military terms. And that will

involve human lives…

Caveat

The statistics given in this paper are, at best,

estimates only, and have been collected from a variety

of sources; the margin of error could be as high as

10%.

Acknowledgement

This paper is based on various presentations made by

the author at a number of international seminars on

concrete technology and sustainability issues which

have been held recently in North America, Europe,

India and China.

References

[1] www.sternreview.org.uk

[2] The emissions by the end of 2010 are estimated to

be 38 billion tonnes. Note: Both terms

“tonnes” and “tons” have been used depending

upon the source of the data.

[3] Professor Eric Post, Penn. State University,

Globe & Mail, May 6 , 2002

[4] U.N. Report, Globe & Mail, August 15, 2002

[5] U.N. Report, Globe & Mail, August 15, 2002.

[6] U.N. Report, Globe & mail, August 15, 2002.

[7] From: J. Sachs, Globe and Mail, Sept. 13, 2008

[8] Anantharaman V.J. “India’s Largest” World

Cement, Vol. 33, No. 23, Dec. 2002 pp. 55-56

Note: Recent estimates indicate that total CO2

emissions have already reached more than 36.5

billion tonnes.

[9] Personal communication from Bruce Ramme,

Wisconsin Energy, Milwaukee, U.S.A.

[10] Malhotra, V.M., and Mehta, P.K., High-Volume

Fly Ash Concrete: Materials, Mixture

Proportions, Construction Practice, and Case

Histories, Third Edition 2008, 142 pp. (Available

from: Supplementary Cementing Materials for

Sustainable Development Inc., Ottawa, Canada,

K1Y 2B3).

[11] The Economist, September 13, 2008



[12] This protocol ends in 2012; hopefully new

protocol with new objectives would be in place

by then.

Recommended Reading

[1] Flannery, Tim, “The Weather Makers”, 2005.

[2] Jaccard, Mark, “Sustainable Fossil Fuels”, 2005.

[3] Gore, Al, “An Inconvenient Truth”, 2006.

[4] Caldicott, Helen, “Nuclear Power is not the

Answer”, 2006.

[5] International Panel on Climate Change: Reports

Issued in 2007-2008.

[6] Sachs, Jeffrey, D., “Economics for Crowded

Planet: Commenwealth”, 2008.

[7] Walker, Gabrielle and King, David, “The Hot

Topic: What we can do About Global Warming”,

2008.

[8] Krupp, Fred and Horn, Miriam, “Earth: The

Sequel; the Race to Reinvent and Stop Global

Warming”, 2008.

[9] Lawson, Nigel, “An Appeal to Reason: A Look at

Global Warming”, 2008.

[10] Broecken, Wallace, S. and Kunzig, Robert,

“Fixing Climate: What Past Climate Changes

Reveal About the Current Threat and How to

Counter It”, 2008.

[11] Friedman, Thomas L., “Hot, Flat and Crowded:

Why we Need a Green Revolution-and How it

Can renew America” Publisher, Farrard, Straus,

and Giroux, New York, 2008.



Madhya Pradesh - Bhopal Centre

The Indian Concrete Institute MP Bhopal Centre and UltraTech Cement Limited organized a workshop on “Sustainable Concrete Pavement” on 08th January 2011 at Hotel Fortune Pride at Indore. About 200 delegates representing

Institutions; Government works departments, M.P. Housing Board, Indore Development Authority, Indore Municipal Corporation; Contractors and Industries took part in the workshop.

Concrete Day 2010

[Seated on the dais are (from left to right) Special Guest of the function; Shri Binod Kumar, Senior Scientist, CRRI, New Delhi, Speaker of the workshop; Prof. A.K. Tiwari, Vice President (North), ICI & Assistant Vice President (Technical), Grasim Industries Ltd.

New Delhi; Shri Yogendra Sharma, Commissioner, Indore Municipal Corporation and the Chief Guest of the Workshop; and Dr J.S. Chouhan, President, ICI MP Bhopal Centre & Professor and Head Civil Engg. Department, S.A.T.I. (Engg. College) Vidisha]

Commissioner, Indore Municipal Corporation, Shri Yogendra Sharma was the Chief Guest and Prof. A.K. Tiwari, Vice President (North), ICI & Assistant Vice President (Technical), Grasim Industries Ltd. New Delhi was the special guest on this occasion.

Dr J.S. Chouhan, while deliberating the welcome speech, explained about the importance and relevance of the topic. He emphasized that the poor durability of bituminous pavements not only affect the growth of the nation as a whole but also put an extra burden on the limited availability of natural resources and funds.

Prof. A.K. Tiwari informed the audience about various activities of ICI organized at local, national and international platform. He invited the participation of maximum number of stake holders in the endeavors of the ICI in dissemination of the information and promoting of best construction practices in Indian construction Industry by joining the institute as its life member.

Chief Guest of the function, Shri Yogendra Sharma, in his inaugural speech emphasized on the need of a durable and long lasting pavements. Recognizing the benefits of concrete pavements over the

ICI Update – December 2010 01ICI Update – December 2010 14ICI Update – December 2010 26

News from Centres


traditional bituminous pavement, he stressed on the need of a team of well trained construction workers and state-of-the-art machineries to ensure the durability of the concrete pavements.

Shri Binod Kumar, Senior Scientist, CRRI, New Delhi delivered his presentation on “Design of Concrete Pavement”. The presentation was well structured and covered almost all the important aspects of the design of the concrete pavement.

Shri M.C. Venktesh, Chief Consultant, L.R. Kadiyali Associates, delivered a technical presentation on “Sustainable Cost Effective Options for Pavements” and shared several case studies related with design and construction of concrete pavements. He also touched upon the defects in concrete pavements, their causes and remedies.

Prof A.K.Tiwari delivered a presentation on “Thin

White Topping” . In his deliberation he discussed in

detail about Thin White Topping , which was a

rehabilitation option used for many years on airport

pavements, highways, secondary roads, and other

pavements.

Er. A.K. Jain Secretary, ICI, MP Bhopal Centre &

OSD, Directorate of Technical Education, M.P.

compeered the programme and Shri Rakesh Baliya,

Regional Head-Marketing, UltraTech Cement

Limited, Indore proposed the vote of thanks.

A.K. Jain

Hon. Secretary,

ICI MP Bhopal Centre

ICI Update – December 2010 01ICI Update – December 2010 14ICI Update – December 2010 26

News from Centres


EXCEL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Excel Engineering College, Kumarapalayam, Namakkal District inaugurated the ICI Students' Chapter on 22nd

December 2010. Mr.R.Radhakrishnan, Secretary General, ICI Headquarters was the Chief Guest and

inaugurated the Chapter. During his speech, he explained the benefits to the students of ICI Chapter and the role

of ICI in disseminating the knowledge on making Good Concrete. Mr.K.Jayasankar, Chairman, ICI-TN Chennai

Centre presided over the function and gave a special lecture on 'Making Good Concrete'. Prof.Dr.A.K.Natesan,

Hon. Chairman, Excel Group of Institutions, Dr.R.Malathy, Principal, Excel Engineering College, Dr.Bommanna

Raja, Principal, College of Engineering for Women, spoke on the occasion. Mr.Madhan Karthik, Vice-Chairman,

Excel Group of Institutions, H.O.Ds of Civil Engineering Department of both the Engineering Colleges and

Lecturers and students participated in the event. Membership certificates were presented to the students.

Chief Guest Mr.R.Radhakrishnan, Secretary General, ICI being felicitated

Lighting the lamp by K. Jayasankar, Chairman ICI-TNC Centre

Inauguration of the Student Chapter

Student Chapters


Student Chapters

An awareness camp on “Occupational Health & Safety” was organized by the Department of Civil Engineering of M.P.N.M.J Engineering College, Chennimalai on 20.12.2010 at 10.30 a.m in the college conference hall The Correspondent Mrs. Vasantha Sudhanandhen presided over the function. In her presidential address, she insisted the students the need to develop the additional skills apart from enriching their

subject knowledge, especially in the field of engineering.

For this beneficial programme Mr. M.Krishnamoorthy, the Client Manager, BSI India was the Chief Guest. In his key note address he talked elaborately on the loss (both life and money) and damages occurring at the construction sites. He also spoke on the precautionary and preventive measures to be taken by undergoing special training and stressed the need to get

certified in this special training on safety offered by BSI in this regard.

Principal Mr. S.Shanmugasundaram offered felicitation for the success of the spectacular event. Earlier Prof.A.Gopalan, Head of Civil Engineering Department welcomed the gathering and vote of thanks was given by Prof.R.Kavidha of Civil Engineering Department.

Principal

Seated from left to right : Mr.Sabarinathan, Mr.A.Gopalan, Mr.S.Shanmugasundaram, Mr.K.G.Parthiban, Mr.C.Karthikeyan, Mr.S.D.Sabhapathy, Mr.M.P.Thiruvenkata Suresh and Mr.S.Ravi


New Members

(December)

Individual

M.no. Name Place

9081 N. K. Raju Perumbavoor

9086 Meril George Ernakulam

9091 Nilesh Ganesh Pawar Pune

Individual Life Members

9068 H. S. Prakash Kumar Bengaluru

9069 J. S. Ravishhankkar Chennai

9070 M. Saradha Chennai

9071 S. Devanandan Erode

9072 S. Venkatesan Erode

9073 Badarla Pandu Ranga Rao Hyderabad

9074 G. Sivakumar Chennai

9075 Amarnath Nayak Sambalpur

9076 Brian Davies Pune

9077 V. Sowjanya Vani Srikakulam

9078 H. A. Vachhani Bhopal

9079 S. Subbiah Ilamvazhuthi Theni

9080 P. Ramadoss Puducherry

9082 Salomon P. Paul Ernakulam

9083 P. K. Sivakumar Kanyakumari

9084 Anitha G. Pillai Ernakulam

9085 Simi Sebastian Irinjalakuda

9087 H. Sindhu Ernakulam

9088 Sanju Sreedharan Ernakulam

9089 Singh Pradeep Badebabu Navi Mumbai

9092 Manish Bhatia Chandigarh

9093 Sanjeev Sharma Shimla

9094 Manoj Kumar Gupta Shimla

9095 Amandeep Singh Sodhi Bathinda

9096 Ajay Kumar Kangra

9097 Suresh Kumar Arora Jalandhar

9098 Vijay Kumar Ludhiana

9099 Deepesh Sharma Karnal

9100 M. Ashok Kumar Dhoke Jahangirabad


New Members

9101 Subramanyam Itta Chennai

9102 Gandage Abhijeet Siddappa Pune

9103 Paresh H. Shah Ahmedabad

9104 V. Satish Kumar Mumbai

9105 Virendra Singh Bhartiya Gurgaon

9106 Bynene Reddappa Naidu Tirupathi

9107 Shashank Bishnoi New Delhi

Organizational Life Member

9090 M/s Vishwas Concrete Pvt. Ltd. Bengaluru

Individual Fellowship

3724 S. Annamalai Chennai


Documents

news letter JAN new final 2 - Indian Concrete Institute 2011.pdf · High Performance Concrete for more Sustainable Concrete Construction ... Specifications for Concrete Performance