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New York City’s Risk Mitigation Program for
Protozoans-Hillview Reservoir
Presentation at Public Meeting on LT2 Retrospective Review
Washington, D.C.
April 24th, 2012
David Lipsky, Ph.D., Chief
Bureau of Water Supply
Distribution Water Quality Science and Research Division
2
Outline
DEP’s approach to risk mitigation under the FAD
Description of Hillview Reservoir
Current risk mitigation program at Hillview Reservoir
3
Risk Mitigation Efforts Under the FAD
Four basic components:
1. Waterfowl management program started at Kensico (1992)
Program includes waterbird surveys, harassment, and
deterrence measures
Expanded to include five additional reservoirs (2002)
2. Kensico Cryptosporidium Action Plan-Response Actions
for elevated oocysts (have not ever activated the plan for
Cat/Del based on valid cryptosporidium data)
3. Waterborne Disease Risk Assessment Program (WDRAP)
4. Monitoring, modeling and research
4
Risk Mitigation Efforts Under the FAD
A lesson learned:
Birds can be a significant source of fecal coliform
concentrations in Kensico
DEP has been able to implement an effective waterfowl
management program to control fecal coliforms
Waterfowl management is a key component of the City’s
continuance of Filtration Avoidance
5
Waterbirds and Fecal coliform-Kensico Reservoir
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Kensico Reservoir
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Hillview Reservoir
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Hillview Reservoir
Balancing reservoir that has been in operation - 90 years
Surface area of 90 acres
900 MG capacity
Average 450 MGD input
Water residence time - 2 days
24/7 security and security barriers
Elevated basin with drainage controls
i nactivation
f
or water leaving Hillview Reservoir
Chlorine used to provide at least 4-log virus
9
Risk Mitigation Efforts at Hillview
Wildlife Management at Hillview Reservoir:
Initiated in 1993
Enhanced as a result of FAD (2007) and Hillview
Administrative Order (2010)
Daily waterbird census and harassment program
Pyrotechnics and physical chasing on dividing wall
Remote-operated propane cannons
Remote-controlled motorboats
Inspection, maintenance, and repair of bird wiring,
Daddi-long-legs, and deterrence systems
Daily sanitary inspection and clean-up program
10
Pulleys
Cranks Propane
cannons with
solar panels on
the dividing wall
Bird wire stanchions
with pulleys & cranks
Daddi long-legs placed on
top of the bird wire
stanchions
Waterfowl Deterrence-Hillview Reservoir
11
Hillview Reservoir-Waterbird Counts
12
Risk Mitigation Efforts at Hillview (cont’d)
Weekly mammal trapping and population monitoring
Raccoons, rodents, etc.
Targeted programs “as needed”
USDA contract for Ruddy Duck removal program
Baitfish monitoring and collections
Cliff swallow and Barn Swallow management (nest
depredation)
13
Risk Mitigation Efforts (Cont’d)
Disinfection
Inflow disinfected with chlorine and UV upstream
(beginning in 2012)
4-log virus inactivation of water leaving Hillview
Monitoring
Weekly monitoring of Hillview outflow for protozoans
Daily composite samples of Hillview outflow for TC/EC
Ability to expedite protozoa sampling and analysis
Genotyping capabilities
14
Risk Mitigation Efforts (Cont’d)
Cryptosporidium and
Giardia Action Plan
Provides response
actions for elevated
cysts or oocysts at
Hillview
Functional exercise of
plan was completed
(3/1/12)
Annual updates
15
Risk Mitigation Efforts (cont’d)
Waterborne Disease Risk Assessment Program (WDRAP)
Joint DEP and NYCDOHMH Program
Funding provided by DEP
Elements of Program
•
•
•
•
•
Active Surveillance
Syndromic Surveillance
Clinical Labs
OTC/ADM
Nursing Homes
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Cryptosporidiosis, number of cases by month of onset
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan-9
5
Jul-9
5
Jan-9
6
Jul-9
6
Jan-9
7
Jul-9
7
Jan-9
8
Jul-9
8
Jan-9
9
Jul-9
9
Jan-0
0
Jul-0
0
Jan-0
1
Jul-0
1
Jan-0
2
Jul-0
2
Jan-0
3
Jul-0
3
Jan-0
4
Jul-0
4
Jan-0
5
Jul-0
5
Jan-0
6
Jul-0
6
Jan-0
7
Jul-0
7
Jan-0
8
Jul-0
8
Jan-0
9
Jul-0
9
Jan-1
0
Jul-1
0
Jan-1
1
Jul-1
1
Nu
mb
er
of
Ca
se
s
Month of Onset
Cryptosporidiosis, number of cases by month of onset, New York City, January 1995 - December 2011*
This increase in cases in August 2000 was
suspected to be related to an outbreak at a
resort in Florida at which a group of Staten
Island residents had vacationed that month.
The increase of cryptosporidiosis cases reported
in August 2005 is suspected to be due to a
surveillance bias caused by publicity around an
outbreak in upstate NY related to recreational
water exposure at a spray park.
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Jul-9
3
Jan-9
4
Jul-9
4
Jan-9
5
Jul-9
5
Jan-9
6
Jul-9
6
Jan-9
7
Jul-9
7
Jan-9
8
Jul-9
8
Jan-9
9
Jul-9
9
Jan-0
0
Jul-0
0
Jan-0
1
Jul-0
1
Jan-0
2
Jul-0
2
Jan-0
3
Jul-0
3
Jan-0
4
Jul-0
4
Jan-0
5
Jul-0
5
Jan-0
6
Jul-0
6
Jan-0
7
Jul-0
7
Jan-0
8
Jul-0
8
Jan-0
9
Jul-0
9
Jan-1
0
Jul-1
0
Jan-1
1
Jul-1
1
Nu
mb
er
of
Cases
Month of Diagnosis
Giardiasis, number of cases by month of diagnosis, New York City, July 1993 - December 2011
Giardiasis, number of cases by month of diagnosis
18
Risk Mitigation Efforts (cont’d)
Reporting to Regulators
Monthly reporting of wildlife management program
Protozoan results emailed as soon as available
Communication Plan in case of elevated results
• Cryptosporidium and Giardia Action Plan
WDRAP
• Annual and semi-annual report
19
Summary
DEP has been implementing a successful risk mitigation
program both in the watershed and at Hillview Reservoir
since 1993
The current program at Hillview is comprehensive and
goes beyond the elements of the Draft LT2
No indication that wildlife provides a source of Giardia or
Cryptosporidium to Hillview Reservoir
Rates of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis have been
declining in NYC
20
Acknowledgements
Christopher A. Nadareski-Section Chief-Wildlife Studies
Anne Seeley-Section Chief-Health and Policy Coordination
