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New York City Water System. By: Tim Sweany May 2013. New York City Water System. S History 1609-2013 S Watersheds S Tunnels S Environmental battle S Facilities today. Collect Pond – NYC F irst W ater S upply. coll. 1609. 2009. New York City Water System. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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New York City Water System
By: Tim SweanyMay 2013
New York City Water System
S History 1609-2013S WatershedsS TunnelsS Environmental battleS Facilities today
Collect Pond – NYC First Water Supply
coll
1609 2009
New York City Water System
1609 – Ponds, Rivers, Streams1666 – First Public Well1700’s – Contamination by Waste
human/animal/industrial1798 – Yellow Fever Epidemic1832 – Cholera Epidemic
New York City Water System
1842 Croton Reservoir Finished
New York City Watersheds
Croton (1842-1911) – 12 damsCatskill (1907-1927) – 4 damsDelaware (1937-1965) – 2 dams
New York City Aqueducts
Carry water from reservoirs Elevated channels in mountains Tunnels under riverDrop 13” per mile
Old Croton Aqueduct
New York City Water Tunnels
Tunnel No. 1 (1917)Tunnel No. 2 (1937)Tunnel No. 3 (1970-2020) 10’-24’ diameter 60 miles long 400’-800’ deep 12” drop per 100’
Never inspected and valves never closed
New York City Water Tunnelstunnels
New York City Water Tunnel No. 3
xThe ShaftAbove Ground
New York City Water Tunnel No. 3
x
Equipment Comes Down
Rock Goes Up!
New York City Water Tunnel No. 3
xSandhogs
New York City Water Tunnel No. 3
xBlasting Enlarging
New York City Water Tunnel No. 3
x
Tunnel Boring Machine
New York City Water System
Environmental BattlesCongress and EPA 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 1986 SDWA Requires Disinfect & Filter 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)New York City $3-$8 Billion Filtration @300M/Year (or) $500 Million Land Acquisition
New York City Water System
Environmental BattlesCity Watershed Restrictions
S Land Acquisition80,000 Acres90% ForestedS Agriculture ManagementVoluntary85% ParticipationS Septic System/ Wastewater Upgrades
Disputed Payment for Upgrades
New York City Water System
Land Acquisition
New York City Water System
1997 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)- Landmark environmental milestone- Saved New York City $billion’s- Cooperative agreement between City and watershed property owners/ farmers- Filtration waivers granted 1993, 1997, 2002, 2007
New York City Water System
Facilities Today in 2013Open Water Tunnel No. 3 – Now connecting to distributionOpen Croton Filtration Plant – Necessary for water qualityOpen Catskill/ Delaware UV Facility – EPA requires 2 types of disinfection
New York City Water 2013Croton
Filtration
Catskill/ DelawareUV Facility
TunnelNo. 3
New York City Water System
Conclusions:- Population growth- Water system growth- Watershed growth- Growth of regulations- Growth of treatment- MOA agreement- Protection of watersheds
THE END
