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there are no other public latrines. Among other satisfactoryreforms projects have been started for combining manualwork with elementary education, and a scheme is now

maturing so that selected pupils from the schools may, afterbeing at lessons for part of the day, spend the rest of thetime as apprentices at the Government arsenal, printingoffice, and other establishments.

Cairo, Oct. 19th. __________________

NEW YORK.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS.)

Failure of Candidates to Qibalijy as Arlny Surgeons.OUT of 129 candidates for appointment as assistant

surgeons in the army only 18 have passed the examina-tions recently held. The surgeon-general of the army is

greatly disappointed and almost despairs of filling thevacancies now existing by the autumn, when the services ofa number of young surgeons should be available to relievethose whose terms of duty have expired in the Philippines.An army examining board was in session until July, reportingupon the qualifications of all who have been authorisedto appear, with the result that 48 vacancies are stillunfilled, with but few applicants remaining. The presentsituation is most embarrassing to the war departmentbut is due to the feeling that the pay and position are notwhat they should be. The rank of the new assistant-surgeonis first lieutenant with about$1600 (.S320) a year salary.After five years’ service the assistant-surgeon advances tothe grade of captain and remains there for 12 or 15 years,and if then he is still physically able to perform the dutiesof the position it is possible that he will receive the rank ofmajor. It is the opinion of those competent to judge that ifpromotion were more rapid and the emoluments were moreliberal there would be no lack of skilful men entering thearmy medical service of the United States.

Cuban Authorities and the Sanitation of Cities. ’

The fifth article of the constitution of Cuba provides :That the Government of Cuba will execute and as far asnecessary extend the plans already devised, or other plansto be mutually agreed upon, for the sanitation of the citiesof the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic andinfectious diseases may be prevented, thereby assuring pro-tection to the people and commerce of Cuba, as well as

the commerce of the United States and the people residingtherein." Reports from Cuba give evidence of a lapse intothe old conditions of squalor in the ports of Santiago andCienfuegos which under Spanish rule were seldom free fromyellow fever. The streets of Santiago are no longer keptclean, cesspools are neglected, and garbage is collected onlywhen a fee is paid. The lesson taught by General Wood isforgotten or the people are indifferent to guarding againstdisease. Trinidad and other eastern towns are also fallingback into the old habits of uncleanliness, but Havana con-tinues clean under the supervision of Dr. Gorgas of theUnited States Army. This officer left a few weeks

ago and this important city and port, which under strictsanitary supervision has been free from yellow fever duringthe season, is now under the care of the Cuban authorities.The municipal government pleads that it cannot afford tomaintain the hygienic standard established by the Americanswhen extra burdens are put upon the city by the State.Sanitation was formerly paid for by the central government ;it is now a municipal charge. The city has also had to takeover the support of a police force and the maintenance ofwaterworks. Accordingly, less money by one-third is spenton cleaning the streets and enfoicing sanitary ordinances.From the Cuban point of view the explanation may beadequate, but the United States have a right to ask thathygiene in the port towns should be the first concern of theCuban Government. It is an interesting fact that when theAmerican army took possession of Havana the number ofdeaths annually was 21,252 and when it retired the death-rate for the same period was but 5720.

An Anatomical Board.

Congress recently passed an Act creating a board whoseduty it is to have the care of ’the bodies of those dyingwithout relatives in the district of Columbia. It consists ofthe health officer of the district and two representatives ofeach of the schools in the district conferring the degree ofDoctor of Medicine or Doctor of Dental Surgery, together

with a member of the Post-Graduate School of Medicine andof the medical school of the army and navy. It is made theduty of every public officer, agent, and servant, and everyofficer, agent, and servant of any alms-house, prison,gaol, asylum, morgue, hospital, and other public institu-tions and offices having charge or control of deadhuman bodies requiring to be buried at the public expense,to notify the board, or such person as may be designatedby it, whenever any dead human body comes into his

possession or control for burial at the public expense.The board is to distribute the bodies so received to themedical schools of the district and to the medical examiningboards of the United States army, navy, and marine hospitalservice ; each school and board is to receive annually suchproportion of the entire number of bodies distributed as iswarranted by the number of students enrolled and in regularattendance at such school and the number of candidates

appearing before such board for examination respectively.This Act will add greatly to the facilities for anatomicalresearch in the medical schools of the district. -

Dr. Adolph Lorenz in Chicago.Dr. Adolph Lorenz, piofessor of orthopeadic surgery at

the University of Vienna, as-isted by Dr. Friedrich Muellerof that city, on Oct. llth operated upon the child of a wealthycitizen of Chicago for congenital dislocation of the hip. Onthe day subsequent to this operation Dr. Lorenz appeared ata clinic of the Illinois University Medical College and demon-strated upon eight children, all of whom were suffering fromthe same affliction, his bloodless method of reducing thesedisplacements. The State Board of Health of Illinois calledProfessor Lorenz to account for practising surgery in thestate without a licence from that Board. The affair wasamicably arranged.

Oct. 19th. ___________________

Medical News.UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM : FACULTY OF MEDICINE.

-At the convocation held on Oct. 21st the followingdegrees were conferred :—

Doctor 1?i Medicine for practitioners oj 15 years’ standing.-GeorgeGraham Hodgson. M.H.C.S., L.R.C.P.; and John Goodwin Shea,L.R.C.P., L.M., F.R.C.S I., D.P.H.

Bachelor in Medicine (M.B.).-David Rees Roberts.

THE INVESTITURE.-On Oct. 23rd the King heldan investiture at Buckingham Palace, when the followingmembers of the medical profession were severally introduced.into the presence of the Sovereign and the King conferredupon them the honour of Knighthood (r r investedthem with the ribands and badges of the respec-tive division of the order into which they have beenadmitted and affixed the stars to their left breasts :-K CB. (Military): Inspector-General of Hospitals andFleets J. D. Macdonald, R N. ; Surgeon-General J. A.

Woolfryes, H.K.P. ; Surgeon-General A. C. C. de Renzy,I.M.S. (retired); and Surgeon-General (ranking as Lieu-

tenant General) W. Taylor, Director-General A.M.S., H.K.P.- K. C.M. G. : Surgeon-General W. D. Wilson. - C. B. (Mili-tary) Colonel W. Donovan, R A.M. C ; Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel J. Magill, Coldstream Guards ; and Colonel J D.

Edge, R.A.M.C.-C.B. (Civil): : Lieutenant-Colonel SirJames R. A. Clark, Bart.. R.A.M.C (Militia) ; Lieu-tenant-Colonel G. T. Beatson, the Glasgow Companies,RA.M.C. (Volunteers); and B. A. Whitelegge, M.D.,F.RC.P. Lond., Chief Inspector of Factories.-C.M.G.: :Surgeon-General E Townsend, A.M.D. ; Surgeon-GeneralW. H. McNamara, A.M.D. ; Lieutenant-Colonel J. C.Dorman, R. A. M. C. ; Lieutenant-Colonel H. J. Peard,R.A.M.C. ; Major R. J. S. Simpson, R.A.M.C. ; Major S. F.Freyer, RA.M.C.; Major N. C. Ferguson, I.M.S.; andLieutenant-Colonel H. Charlesworth, R.A.M.C.-KnightsBachelors: After the investiture the following gentlemenamong others were presented to the King and receivedfrom His Majesty the order of knighthood W. J. Collins,M.D., M. S. Lond. ; A. Cooper, F. R. C. S. Eng. ; J. H. Croom,President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh ;A. Conan Doyle, M.D. Edin. ; T. R. Fraser, President of theRoyal College of Physicians of Edinburgh ; Victor Horsley,F.R S. ; Henry B. Longhurst, honorary surgeon dentist toHis Majesty ; William Macewen, M. D. Glasg., F. R. C. S. ; and