NEW TRIAL PERFORMANCE ON COLOR CHICKENS AND GUT HEALTH SITUATION

Nguyen Quang Thieu*, Thikhamporn Charoenwai**, Carsten Pedersen**

*Nong Lam University, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.

**Hamlet Protein A/Snguyen.quangthieu@hcmuaf.edu.vn

1

Introduction• Color feather chickens are popular in Vietnam,

Luong Phuong breed

• Color feather chickens account for 72%

• Feather: yellow, black spot, different color

• Yellow skin, good quality meat

• At 70 days old, 1.5-1.6 kg LW, FCR: 2.4 – 2.6

Year Poultry Chicken BroilerWhite

feather

Color

feather

2013 314.7 231,763 179.802 52,034 127,768

2014 327,6 246,028 191,046 52,102 138,944

2015 341,9 259,295 199,528 59,766 139,762

2016 361,7 277,189 213,851 59,820 154,0312

Introduction

• Today, chicks grow at an incredible rate in the first week after hatching even for color feather chickens

• During this time, the chick’s weight increases four times

• Need for lots of nutrients to secure this growth.

• However, due to the undeveloped digestive tract, the capacity to absorb nutrients is impaired

3

Introduction

• Chicks tend to draw on the immunoglobulins and unsaturated fatty acids in the yolk sack for energy rather than for development and immunity

• Another factor, such as anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) in the soybean meal, affects gut development and results to the growth performance, and increases the risk of pathogenic bacteria

• This causes poor health and lower performance of chicks

4

Introduction

• To overcome this problem, • a special feed with more digestible ingredients

• lowest possible level of ANFs is essential

• Enzymatically treated soy (HPA) is a product of the co-processing of soy and yeast, very low in ANFs

• Hypothesis is, that feeding chicks with lowest possible ANFs diets will improve nutrient uptake in the first day and improve the gut health and enhance the overall performance of chickens

5

Materials and methods• Trial was conducted at experimental station of Nong

Lam University, Hochiminh City, Vietnam

• Time: April – June, 2016

• Chicken: Luong Phuong breed, 500 heads, mixed sex• 5 treatments

• 10 replicates per treatment

• 10 birds per replicate

• Trial time: 60 days

• Two period• Period 1: 1 – 28 days

• Period 2: 29 – 60 days6

Trial design

• CON diets: contained without fish meal either enzymatically treated soy.

• HPA2.5, HPA5, HPA7.5 diets contained 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% of Enzymatically treated soy, respectively and without fish meal.

• FM5 diet contained 5% fish meal.

• Crumble feed for starter (P1) and pelleting feed for grower (P2).

• CRD design

7

INGREDIENTSP1 P2

CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5

Corn 55.34 56.38 57.43 58.43 59.64 57.03

Rice bran 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.40 5.00

Soybean oil 4.05 3.68 3.31 2.94 2.01 4.57

SBM 46 31.23 28.21 25.19 22.18 23.77 29.30

Fish meal 60 0 0 0 0 5.00 0

Amino acid 0.79 0.64 0.5 0.39 0.67 0.48Additives 3.35 3.33 3.33 3.32 2.26 3.37

Premix Vit-Min. 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

HPA 0 2.5 5 7.5 0 0

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Feed composition (%)

8

NUTRIENT UNIT CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 P2

Dry Matter % 88.7 88.7 88.7 88.8 88.5 88.7

ME Kcal/kg 3050 3050 3050 3050 3050 3100

Crude protein % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.0

Crude Fat % 7.36 7.04 6.72 6.41 6.00 7.90

Crude Fiber % 2.70 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.67 2.67

Calcium % 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

Avail Phosphor % 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45

Lysine % 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.10

Methionine % 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.65 0.71 0.56

Met + Cys % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.85

Threonine % 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.85 0.80

Tryptophan % 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.24 0.24

Arginine % 1.35 1.42 1.49 1.56 1.24 1.28

Iso-Leucine % 0.88 0.94 0.99 1.05 0.91 0.85

Leucine % 1.84 1.93 2.02 2.11 1.90 1.79

Valine % 0.97 1.03 1.09 1.15 1.02 0.94

Nutrient composition

9

Measurement• Live weigh (LW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), feed

conversion ratio (FCR), intestinal villus height and crypt depth, mortality ratios were measured.

• Carcass evaluation on dressing percentage and cut up part of yield as percentage were evaluated at 60 day of age.

• Villus height and crypt depth: intestinal samples were collected at 28 days old and at 60 days old. Intestinal samples (2 cm each) were collected from Meckel’s diverticulum to ileum.

• Chicks were fed ad libitum daily at 08:00 am and 16:00 pm, and feed residue was record at 7:00 am next day.

• Drinking water was offered ad libitum during experiment.

10

Results and discussion

Item CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 P

Weight (1 day) 39.9 39.7 39.9 40.1 39.2 >0.05

Weight (28 days) 654.11 649.4 654.0 649.8 628.0 >0.05

Weight (60 days) 1666.6 1655.3 1729.8 1686.2 1640.7 >0.05

Table 1: Effects of enzymatically treated soy on performance of color chickens (g)

11

ADG of chickens

12

21,94 21,78 21,93 21,78 21,03

31,64 31,4333,62 32,39 31,65

27,12 26,93 28,17 27,44 26,69

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5

g/h

ead

/day

ADG P1* ADG P2** ADG (overall)

Feed Intake

Item CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 P

FI P1* 35.52 36.00 36.21 35.46 34.46 >0.05

FI P2** 88.40 84.89 84.53 84.16 85.12 >0.05

FI (overall) 62.07 60.00 61.35 60.17 60.23 >0.05

Table 2: Effects of enzymatically treated soy on feed intake (g/head/day)

13

Feed conversion ratio

14

1,62 1,66 1,65 1,63 1,64

2,8 2,72,52 2,6

2,74

2,29 2,23 2,18 2,19 2,27

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5

FCR P1 FCR P2 FCR (overall)

Effects of enzymatically treated soy to villus height and crypt depth of chickens

15

117 122,8 130,6 124,4139

167,3180,1

191,8183,3 190,3

103,8 99,8 95,6 101110,4

139 136,2 137 136,5151,6

020406080

100120140160180200220

CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5

µm

Villus height P1 Villus height P2 Crypt depth P1 Crypt depth P2

Ratio of villus height to crypt depth

16

1,131,23

1,381,23 1,28

1,211,32

1,411,34

1,26

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5

He/De P1 He/De P2

Survival rate

17

99 97 95 99 10093

8895 95 96

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5

%

1 day 28 days 60 days

Table: Carcass yield and meat part yield of color chickens fed enzymatically treated soy

Item CON HPA2.5 HPA5 HPA7.5 FM5 P

N (head) 10 10 10 10 10

Live weight (g) 1,756 1,725 1,721 1,839 1,821 >0.05

Carcass (g) 1,231 1,243 1,215 1,273 1,286 >0.05

Legs (g) 409.5 414.0 407.0 419.5 439.1 >0.05

Breast (g) 356.7 346.0 337.0 350.5 344.5 >0.05

Digest tract (g) 336 309 310 306 340 >0.05

Carcass rate (%) 68.92 72.37 70.51 69.32 70.55 >0.05

Leg rate (%) 23.28 23.96 23.53 22.82 24.09 >0.05

Breast rate (%) 20.39 20.16 19.56 19.17 19.04 >0.05

Digest tract rate (%) 19.21 17.77 18.16 16.77 18.72 >0.05

18

Discussion

• The final weight, ADG and FCR of chickens fed 5% and 7.5% of enzymatically treated soy in the diets tend to be better, especially when compared to the CON treatment.

• Ruitz et al. (2004) found trypsin inhibitors (TI) and urea activity (UA) are significantly correlated to body weight and feed conversion ratio.

• Feng et al. (2007) reported an increase in the activities of trypsin, lipase and protease in intestinal content of starter broilers when diet content of ANFs was low.

19

Discussion• Feng et al. (2007) observed the increasing villus height and decrease

crypt depth of jejunum and duodenum mucosa when replaced soybean meal by low ANFs soybean meal

• Iji et al. (2013) found improving ileal digestibility of protein, gross energy and dry matter and increasing villus height and villus/crypt rate when increased from 2.5%, 5% and 10% of enzymatically treated soy in the diets of broilers

• The present study found the inclusion of enzymatically treated soy to diets of color feather chickens showed good results in villus height and crypt depth of the intestine

• Feeding a low ANFs diet to chicks increases villus height, improves digestibility, and enhances overall performance of chickens

20

Conclusion

• Inclusion of enzymatically treated soy to starter diets of color feather chickens improved BWG, ADG, FCR and villus/crypt rate, especially at 5%.

• Feeding of enzymatically treated soy in starter diets to color feather chickens should be considered by poultry producers.

21

Thank you

for your attention

22