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NEW TESTAMENT SURVEY Matthew - Acts Heritage Discipleship Institute A Ministry of Heritage Baptist Church P.O. Box 7925 New York, N.Y. 10116-7925 (212) 947-5316

January-May, 2017

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Homework Assignments

Project: Due on either March 13, 20, or 27, an analysis of either the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7), the Olivet Discourse (Matthew 24), one of the Parabolic teachings of Christ (Matthew 13), or one of the missionary journeys of the Apostle Paul in the Acts of the Apostles. The length should be two pages typed in 12 font to be presented orally.

Reading and Bible Memory

All readings are from Jensen’s Survey of the New Testament:

January 23: First Class:

January 30: Chapter 1: “History of NT Writings,” pg. 15-37

February 6: NO CLASS. Chapter 2: “Setting of the NT,” pg. 38-61, Matthew 28:19

February 13: Chapter 2: “Setting of the NT,” pg. 62-84

February 20: Chapter 3: “The Survey Method of Study,” pg. 85-94, Matthew 28:20

February 27: Chapter 4: “The Life of Christ,” pg. 96-111

March 6: Chapter 5, “Matthew,” pg. 112-133;

March 13: Chapter 6, “Mark,” pg. 134-154; Mark 10:45

March 20: Chapter 7, “Luke,” pg. 155-173; Luke 19:10

March 27: Chapter 8, “John,” pg. 174-185; John 20:31

April 3: Chapter 9, “John,” pg. 186-199

April 10: Chapter 8, “Acts” pg. 200-215

April 17: Chapter 9, “Acts,” pg. 216-232

April 24: Review Notes

May 1: Final Exam

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The Inter-Testamental Period

"400 Silent Years"

1. The ___________________________________ (“hidden”) was Written

A. These are fourteen books between the Old and New Testament in the Roman Catholic Bible.

B. They were never accepted as canonical by the Jews and were not in the Scriptures Jesus used. Since Jesus said the Scripture could not be broken (John 10:35), it is clear that Jesus did not accept the Apocrypha as canonical.

C. It is never quoted in the New Testament, so no New Testament author inspired by the Holy Spirit viewed the Apocrypha as canonical.

2. The _________________________________ Was Translated

A. The Translation of the Hebrew Old Testament into Greek, between 280-180 B.C. (See Jensen, p.45)

B. Often quoted in the New Testament

3. Three Centers Where Jewish Life and Culture Flourished

(See Jensen, pages 43-46)

“Many factors- historical, political, religious, cultural- brought on the changes of those four centuries.” (Jensen, p.41)

A. ___________________________

B. ___________________________

John 7:35; Then said the Jews among themselves, Whither will he go, that we shall not find him? Will he go unto the dispersed among the Gentiles (Greeks, Gr. Word, Hellanas), and teach the Gentiles (Greeks)?

C. ___________________________

4. The Historical Climate

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A. The Babylonian Period: 586-539 B.C.

(See Jensen, pages 47-49)

B. The Persian Period: 539-333 B.C.

1. Three returns from captivity: Led by Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah.

2. It is commonly believed that Ezra the scribe (Ezra 7:6) is responsible for organizing meetings for Bible Study that developed into ____________________.

C. Greek - Syrian Rule: 333-168 B.C.

1. Alexander the Great rapidly conquered the world and spread Greek culture, called HELLENIZATION. Upon his death, Alexander’s Kingdom was divided in ___________________________ among his four generals (fulfilling Daniel 7:6; “the beast had also four heads…”)

2. Initially, Israel fell into the hands of Egypt (the Ptolemies) then in 198 B.C. the Syrians took control (the Seleucids).

3. Antiochus Epiphanes (Syrian) wrought destruction in Israel and polluted the temple by offering swine's flesh upon it. “The major struggle of these years was between Hellenistic Jews and Hasidim Jews. The latter resisted all forms of diluting their Hebrew heritage.” (Jensen, p.48).

D. _________________________________ Rule: 168-63 B.C.

1. A priest named Mattathias started a rebellion, and his son, Judas, gained for himself the name Maccabaeus, which means "hammerer." The Jews retook and _________________________________ the Temple, which is known now as the Hanukkah celebration (139 BC).

2. This was a period of unrivaled patriotism but ended with feuding.

3. During the time, Israel was divided into the New Testament divisions of Judea, Samaria, and Galilee. The Pharisees and Sadducees became rival religious and political enemies.

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E. ___________________________________ Rule: 63 B.C. and throughout the life of Christ. Rome was the military conqueror of the world, but Greece had conquered the world _______________________________. “Although the Romans were the military and political masters of the world, culturally they were conquered by the Greeks” (p.53).

1. _________________________: The absolute ruler, also called Caesar. (Luke 2:1; Acts 25:11)

2. _________________________: The highest local rulers of territories in the Roman Empire. In Israel the kings were of the Herodian dynasty. For example, Herod the Great was king over all Palestine at the time of Jesus' birth. (Matt.2:1-19; Luke 1:5) Herod Antipas was in power at the time of Christ's death and Jesus called him a “fox” (Luke 13:32). Herod Agrippa II was in power during the trial and testimony of the Apostle Paul. These kings are sometimes called “tetrarch’s” (Matt.14:1; Luke 3:19; 9:7; Acts 13:1).

3. ___________________________: Rulers of designated territories. Had authority to tax, and make judicial decisions. Pilate was the Governor of Judea, Samaria, and Old Idumea. Other governors mentioned in the New Testament are Felix and Festus ( Acts 24-26).

4. Religiously, Rome was filled with grotesque idolatry, mystic religions and human philosophies and “the entire Mediterranean world resembled a gigantic cauldron of mixture” (p.53).

5. The Religious Institutions of Judaism

A. The _______________________________________________

(Mentioned about 57 times in the NT)

1. The word means "gathered together." Jesus spoke in many synagogues during His earthly ministry (Matthew 4:23). The Apostles and NT Missionaries went into the synagogues around the world. It is used in James 2:2.

2. They originated probably during the Babylonian exile. It gave the devout Jews a place to gather to read, study, and discuss the Word of God.

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3. The primary function was a place of prayer and for the study of the Law.

B. The __________________________________________________

1. The only place where animal sacrifices could be offered. 2. Jews were commanded to go to Jerusalem to the temple during

different feast days. 3. Priests came from the family of Aaron, and their attendants from the

tribe of Levi. 4. Herod's Temple was begun by Herod in 20 B.C. It was still under

construction during the life of Christ and it was not completed until A.D. 64, just six years before it was destroyed! (John 2:19,20)

C. The ____________________________________________________

1. The three primary feasts in which all males were to go to Jerusalem were the Passover, Pentecost, and the Feast of Tabernacles (John 7:2-John 10:21).

2. Jesus went to Jerusalem for the Passover each year and is a marker to how many years Jesus ministered: John 2:13; John 5:1; John 6:4; John 11:55; 12:1.

3. The other main feasts were Purim (Esther), Day of Atonement, and the feast of Dedication (restoration and rededication of the Temple by Judas Maccabaeus, mentioned in John 10:22).

D. The _____________________________________________________

1. A group of 71 Jewish elders, the supreme Jewish ruling body for civil and religious cases.

2. The term “council” is the Greek word synedrion or Sanhedrin (Matthew 26:59; Mark 14:55; 15:1; Acts 4:15; 6:15)

2. Presided over by the High Priest.

3. Disappeared with the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D.

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4. Condemned Christ to death and also led in the persecution of the Apostles.

6. The Religious and Political Groups

A. The __________________________________________________

(Mentioned about 100 times in the NT)

1. Came to prominence in the third century B.C. to protest the Hellinizing of the Jewish people. (Matt.23) They had greater influence in the _________________________________________. They are mentioned 29 times in Matthew. (Matthew 3:7; 16:11,23;

2. Pharisee means "separated ones.”

3. They were the religious conservatives in the days of Christ. Their chief emphasis was upon ceremonial purity and tithing.

4. They accepted Jewish tradition.

5. They were self-righteous hypocrites. They cared only about the EXTERNALS, the FORMALISTIC, adding human TRADITION to the WORD OF GOD, they made the Word of God of no value. They robbed God’s Word of its authority and power by their tradition.

The times of Jesus was the “golden age of their pharisaical religion, yet their golden age crucified Christ. During his life, there was “never more temple worship, never less God worship; never more lip service, never less heart service.” (E.M. Bounds, Power Through Prayer)

B. The _________________________________________________

(Mentioned 14 times in the NT; Matt.3:7; 16:1, 6, 11, 12, Matt. 22:23, 34)

1. They accepted Greek culture and had a greater concern in politics. Their name may have drived from Zadok, an ancient high priest, or from the Hebrew word, zaddikim.

2. They had a low view of God, they denied the resurrection, and angels.

Six Major Religious and Political Groups in their Relationship to Each other

Zealots <<<< Pharisees >>>> Essenes

Herodians <<< Sadducees >>>>>> Scribes

(cf. Mark 3:6; Matt.22:15,16, 23

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Acts 23:6-9.

3. They had a greater influence in the __________________________ in Jerusalem (Acts 4:1; 5:17).

4. They were the religious liberals in the days of Christ. They were more concerned with social position.

5. They were unbelieving religionists. They robbed God’s Word of its power and authority by their denial of its clear teaching. They were the elites and intellectuals, too sophisticated to believe in the resurrection, angels, or spirits.

C. The ___________________________________________________

(Mentioned only in reference to the Apostle Simon Zelotes, Luke 6:15; Acts 1;13)

1. They sought to _______________________________ Roman rule. The Pharisees were interested in politics as it affected the freedom of the nation to worship God and observe the Law. The zealots were interested in political independence to the exclusion of any other concern.

2. One of Jesus’ disciples’ was from this group, Simon called “Zelotes” (Luke 6:15, Acts 1:13)).

3. They were on the extreme left of the Pharisees. Vines Dictionary states, “Josephus refers to them as the “fourth sect of Jewish philosophy” (in addition to the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes), founded by Judas of Galilee. After his rebellion in AD 6, the Zealots nursed the fires of revolt, which, bursting out afresh in AD 66, led to the destruction of Jerusalem in 70. To this sect Simon, one of the apostles, had belonged.” (Vines, p.693)

4. They would have taken Jesus "by force" and made him their king. (John 6:15)

D. The __________________________________________________

(Mentioned three times in NT: Matthew 22:16; Mark 3:6; Mark 12:13)

1. Loyal to Herod and Roman rule. This was the liberal element of the

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Sadducees and encouraged the Hellenizing of the people, that is they sought to encourage the Jewish people to adopt the culture of the world.

2. The Pharisees appeal to their political enemies but for a common cause: to destroy Jesus (Mark 3:6).

3. Greek culture honored pagan gods and disregarded Jewish Law.

E. The ___________________________________________________

(Mentioned 67 times in the NT) 1. A deeply religious group, copiers of Scripture. They were on the

extreme right of the Pharisees.

2. Not mentioned directly in the New Testament, but their work was recognized by the Jews. Some say that John the Baptist was influenced by the Essenes.

3. The Dead Sea Scrolls was the library of the Essenes.

4. Lived in a monastic environment on the northwest banks of the Dead Sea.

F. The ___________________________________________________

(Mentioned 67 times in the NT; Matt. 2:4; Matt. 15:1; 16:21; Matt. 23:2, 13, 14, etc)

1. They were the guardians and teachers of the Scripture. Some regard Ezra as the first Scribe.

2. “Scribe” is often used in an interchangeable way with the Sadducees.

3. They became a distinguished order in Israel, members of the Sanhedrin who partook of the suffering of Jesus Christ, Matthew 26:57.

7. The Political Divisions

Most of the action in the Gospels takes place in Palestine. “Palestine lay on the cross-roads of ancient civilization. The highway from Egypt to Syria and beyond, which ran through Palestine, was one of the most important roads in the ancient world both for commerce and for strategy, and its importance has not yet disappeared” (Jensen, p.66;

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See the Map on page 65).

A. __________________________________________________

1. A corruption of the tribe of Judah.

2. The heart of Israel, with Jerusalem as its center. The scene of the chief events of Hebrew history and Jerusalem.

B. ___________________________________________________

1. After the fall of the Northern Kingdom, the Jews were deported and in their place the country was colonized by Gentile tribes. (2 Kings 17:29)

2. The remnant of remaining Jews, defeated and without vision, married among the heathen immigrants and produced an intermarried culture.

3. After being rejected by the pure Jews at Jerusalem, they built their own temple on Mt Gerizim until it was destroyed by John Hyrcanus in 128 B.C. John 4:12.

C. Galilee

1. It included parts of the tribal grants of Issachar, Zebulon, Asher, and Naphtali.

2. This land was constantly disputed between Israel and the other nations.

3. Jesus was raised as a carpenter in Nazareth, of Galilee, and centered his ministry out of the Galilean town of Capernaum.

D. __________________________________

1. Jesus ministered here, Luke 9:51,57; 10:1-24. Luke’s Gospel focuses on his Perean ministry (Luke 9:51-ff).

2. Located east of Judea around the region of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea.

E. Decapolis

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1. Greek name for "ten cities."

2. Located in northeastern Palestine. (Matt.4:25; Mark 5:20, 7:31)

The Earthly Ministry of Jesus

1. Year of ______________________________________

A. Opening Events (about three months, AD 27): Baptism, Temptation, First

Disciples, First Miracle in Galilee, John 1-2.

B. Early Judaen Ministry (about 8 months): In Jerusalem, Cleansing the temple,

Discourse with Nicodemus, In Judaea: Christ baptizing, John 2-3.

C. The Samaritan Ministry (a few days): John 4

D. Return into Galilee after John the Baptist’s arrest

E. Discourse and rejection at Nazareth

2. Year of _______________________________________

A. The Galilean Ministry (about 22 months, AD 27-29, Matthew 4:17-ff; Mark

1:14)

1) Calling of Twelve Apostles

2) Many miracles and discourses (Sermon on the Mount)

3) Parables

3. Year of ________________________________________

A. The Galilean Ministry continued

B. The Later Judaean Ministry (about three months, AD 29)

C. The Peraean Ministry (about 3 ½ months, AD 29-30) (Luke’s Gospel focus-

es on this From Luke 9:51-19:27).

D. The Passion Week (one week, John’s Gospel focuses on this week, John

12:12-John 19)

E. The Crucifixion

F. The Resurrection (Forty days; All four Gospel accounts dogmatically pro-

claim His bodily resurrection).

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The Gospel According to Saint Matthew

Written primarily with the Jewish person in mind, this book “is a ________________

between the Old Testament and the New and so appears first in the canon” (p.24).

1. The Author

A. He was Jewish but had become a hated ____________________________.

(Matt.9:9; 10:2,3). His profession was an easy opportunity for abuse and

corruption, as he collected taxes for imports, exports, tolls, and user fees.

Fellow Jews viewed him as a ______________________________ and

ranked along with prostitutes, loan sharks, gamblers, and bandits!

B. Each Synoptic Gospel records his calling, conversion, and banquet.

C. Tradition has it that after Christ’s resurrection, Matthew preached for 15

years in Palestine then went to foreign nations as a __________________:

to Ethiopians, Syrians, Persians, and Medes.

D. The early church unanimously ascribed this Gospel to Matthew. Papias,

Irenaeus, and Origin give strong second century testimony of his

authorship.

E. Irenaeus (who knew Polycarp, who was taught by the Apostles), said,

“Matthew also issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own

dialect.”

F. Matthew’s authorship should be undisputed and it was the first Gospel

account written.

2. The Purpose

A. Matthew presents Jesus as the ______________________________.

B. His audience is primarily _______________________ as he continually

refers to the Old Testament fulfillment of Scripture.

C. He writes to prove that the Gospel of Jesus Christ fulfilled the promises

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made to Abraham and David. " "

is a key message in Matthew.

D. He uses the significant Messianic title “__________________________”

eight times (only five times in all the other Gospels combined.).

E. Matthew deals with the King and His Kingdom as he includes _______

parables, ________ miracles, and 5 major discourses.

3. Date of Writing

About A.D, before the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. It was the

first Gospel written.

4. Unique Aspects of Matthew's Gospel

A. The first four chapters of Matthew are chronological; 5-13 are topical; 14-

28 are basically chronological (except for 21:18,19).

B. Matthew is the only Gospel that uses the word ____________________

Matt.16:18; 18:17.

C. Matthew uses the words righteous and righteousness more than the other

Gospels combined.

5. Theme of Matthew: Christ is the anticipated Messiah-King whose universal

______________________ demands our submission and deserves our

devotion.

An Outline of Matthew's Gospel

1. The ________________________________ of the King (1:1-4:16)

Jesus’ authority is established.

A. The Genealogy; Matt.1:1-17 • Matthew records the genealogy of Joseph, beginning with Abraham and lists 41 actual people.

This genealogy refutes the notion that Jesus was a mere __________. This is the ___________

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and ROYAL line of the KINGS, and shows that Joseph was the heir to the throne of David.

Matthew proves that Jesus is the LEGAL son of Joseph and therefore has every right to the

throne of David, from a Jewish perspective. In this genealogy, Matthew…

1. Presents the ________________________ of the Jewish Nation (Luke’s

genealogy presents the history of the human race, extending all the way

back to Adam).

• Matthew summarizes the whole history of the Jewish people in three groups of 14.

This demonstrates that Jesus is a part of JEWISH history, and reveals the desperate

need they have for the Messiah. In the first group is the origin of David’s house; in

the second is its rise and decline; and in the third group is its eclipse. Matthew ref-

erences individuals during the times of the Patriarchs, the Wilderness Wandering,

the Conquest of Canaan, the Judges, the Kings, the Captivity, and the return.

2. Probes the _____________________________ of the Jewish Nation. Matthew

mentions three women and alludes to a fourth, to show forth the sins of Israel and

the grace of God. This is significant because Jewish genealogies usually do not

reference women.

a. ____________________________

b. ____________________________

c. ____________________________

d. ____________________________

3. Proclaims the Birth of the World's Messiah: He is the Son of David, the Son of

Abraham, the CHRIST (four references, v.1,16,17,18).

a. Jesus is ____________________________ to be the Messiah.

b. Jesus could not be physically born of Joseph because of a

______________________ placed on his family line. Jer. 22:30.

c. Jesus came forth from Mary and not Joseph.

• In this genealogy, Matthew writes that this MAN begat that man, and so forth. Right up

to Joseph, we read, And Jacob begat Joseph, the husband of Mary, OF WHOM was

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born Jesus, who is called Christ. NOTICE THE SHIFT! Joseph DID NOT “beget” Je-

sus!

"And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom (feminine singular)

was born Jesus, who is called Christ." Matt. 1:16

Matthew follows a particular pattern, and in a lengthy series of men born after Abraham says

each one BEGAT the next. When Joseph marries Mary, Matthew abruptly breaks that pattern. If

Jesus was born of normal birth, Matthew would have written, Jacob begat Joseph, and Joseph

begat Jesus, just as he wrote for every other person in this line. But he does not say that. In an

_________________________ and sudden manner, he records that Joseph was the husband, and

the phrase OF WHOM is key in that this is a FEMININE SINGULAR ADJECTIVE, OUT OF

WHOM, the WOMAN was born Jesus…”, indicating clearly that Jesus was born only through

Mary and not through Joseph! Jesus was born OF MARY, and was not BEGAT by Joseph.

Hendrickson writes that Matthew brings out, “as __________________________ as anything

could do, the fact that in connection with the birth of Mary’s firstborn son there was no male act

of begetting that could be ascribed to Joseph, or, for that matter, to any other human being any-

where.” (Matthew, p.128-129)

d. The Virgin Birth of Christ is consistent:

1.) With the ____________________________________ nature of Christiani-

ty: God is a God of miracles, so we would expect His coming, His life, and

death to show forth His miraculous, all powerful nature.

2.) With the _______________________ nature of Christianity: The virgin

birth was specifically prophesied and here we see its fulfillment (Isaiah 7:14).

3.) Wth the CHRIST-CENTERED Nature of Christianity:

a.) Christ is ___________________________

b.) Christ is ___________________________

B. The DREAM of Joseph Discovering Mary was with Child and His Birth,

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Matthew 1:18-25

C. The Early life of Christ 2:1-2:23

C. The Ministry of John the Baptist 3:1-12

D. The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17

E. The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11

F. The Healing of sicknesses 4:12-16

2. The __________________________________ of the King (4:17-16:20)

Matthew 4:17: “From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the

kingdom of heaven is at hand.”

A. Calling the Disciples to Follow, 4:17-25

B. The Sermon on ___________________________________ 5-7

Jesus’ authority is asserted: “But I say unto you…”

C. His Power to Perform Miracles (ten miracles)

Jesus’ authority is demonstrated. Matthew arranges these miracles topically

and not necessarily in chronological order.

1. Heals the Centurion's Servant 8:1-13 (Over _________________)

2. Calms the Sea 8:25-27 (Over Nature)

3. Cleanses two Demoniacs 8:28-34 (Over __________________)

4. Raises the paralytic brought by four 9:1-8 (Over ____________)

5. Calls Levi to follow (9:9-13) (Over individuals)

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6. Jairus' daughter and the woman with the issue of blood 9:18-26

(Over illness and __________________________)

7. Two blind men healed 9:27-31

D. His Charge and Discourse to the Twelve Disciples 9:36-42

E. A Missionary Discourse 10

F. His Testimony concerning John the Baptist 11

G. Resistance against the Messiah 12

Jesus’ authority is _________________________________

1. Picking grain on the Sabbath 12:1-9

2. Healing man with withered hand 12:10-13

3. Plot of Pharisees to kill Jesus 12:14-21

4. Accused of casting out demons with Satan's power 12:22-37

5. A desire for a sign 12:38-45

6. His Mother and Brothers desiring to speak with him 12:46-50

F. Kingdom Parables 13

Definition of a Parable: _______________________________________

_______________________________________________________

1. Three General Principles for Parabolic Interpretation

a. Christocentric Principle: What does the parable teach about

Christ?

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b. ___________________________ Principle: What does the

parable teach about the present and future aspects of the

Kingdom?

c. Cultural Principle: What manners and customs of Bible lands

are used in the parable?

2. Six Specific principles for Parabolic Interpretation

a. Determine the _____________________________________.

b. Determine if Jesus gave the

__________________________.

c. Determine the ________________________________.

d. Determine ___________________________________.

e. Guard against over-emphasizing details.

f. Compare the doctrinal teaching of the parable with the epistles.

3. The Purpose of Parables

a. To reveal to the disciples. Matt.13:11,12a

b. To conceal __________________________ from those

hardened toward Christ.

c. To fulfill Old Testament prophecy, Is. 6:9,10

d. To attract the seeking multitudes.

G. Galilean Ministry of the King 14-16:21

3. PASSION of the King 16:21-28:20

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Matthew 16:21: From that time forth began Jesus to shew unto his disciples, how

that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer many things…and be killed, and be raised

again the third day.

Jesus’ authority is confessed: “Thou art the Christ…”

A. His Death is Foretold 16:21-17:27

This passage is the __________________________________!

B. Discourse on Relationships 18-19

C. Final Ministries of the King 20-23

D. Discourse 24-25

1. The Matt.24:1-14

a. v. 4b-5; Rev. 6:2

b. of war, v.6,7; Rev. 6:3,4

c. , v.7; Rev. 6:5-7

d. Pestilence, v.7; Rev. 6:8

e. , v.8-10; Rev. 6:9-12

f. False Prophets, v.11

g. , v.12

h. , v.14

2. The Abomination of Matt.24:15-28.

a. The Temple will be , Dan. 9:27

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b. The Persecution and False prophesies ,

v.16-28

3. The Revelation of Jesus Christ, Matt.24:29-41

a. Similar to the days of Noah, v.36-39

b. The unbelievers will be taken away in judgment, v.39,40

c. The righteous will remain to enter into His Millennial

Kingdom.

E. Trial and Crucifixion 26-27

Matthew alone writes of Judas' remorse (27:5-10), the sealing of the

stone and the setting of the guard, and the fabrication of the story that

the disciples came and stole the body while the guard slept.

(Matt.27:62-66; 28:11-15).

F. Resurrection of Jesus Christ 28

Jesus’ authority is vindicated, proclaimed and ________________

____________________________: Go ye therefore…

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The Gospel According to St. Mark Mark’s Gospel is Everyman’s Gospel. Brief, direct, readable, breathlessly

__________________________________; yet it is also often the most graphic of the four

Gospels in its inclusion of vivid details left unmentioned by the others. The late D. Edmond

Hiebert observed that the contents of Mark’s gospel make it eminently suited for Gentiles. He

writes, “It does not have the strong Jewish-Christian coloring which characterizes Matthew. It

does not presuppose a comprehensive knowledge of the OT on the part of its readers…. The

author of this gospel had well learned that the gospel of Jesus Christ was for all mankind.”

1. The Author

A. The oldest direct witness to the Gospel of Mark is what _______________,

the Bishop of Hierapolis, said. He quotes from the Apostle John:

"And the elder used to say this: Mark, having become Peter's interpreter, wrote

accurately as many things as he remembered, not indeed, in order, of the

things spoken and done by the Lord. For he neither heard the Lord nor did he

follow him, but afterwards, as I said, he followed Peter, who used to give his

teachings according to the needs (of his hearers), but not as though he were

making a connected account of the Lord's oracles. So then Mark made no

mistake in thus recording some things as he remembered them, for he made it

his one concern not to omit anything of the things he heard nor to falsify

anything in them."

1. Mark was not a of Jesus.

2. Mark was a follower of Peter and .

3. Mark what he heard.

4. Mark did not write the in order.

4. Mark, as Peter's interpreter, put Peter's words in writing in this

account of the life of Christ. Compare Mark's Gospel with

in Acts 10:34-43.

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B. Other Evidence for Mark writing the Gospel

1. Justin Martyr refers to this Gospel as the "memoirs of Him," that is,

Peter.

2. Irenaeus wrote, "After their departure (Peter and Paul), Mark, the

_________________________________ and interpreter of Peter,

did also hand down to us in writing what had been preached by

Peter."

3. Clement of Alexandria wrote, "After Peter had publicly preached the

word in Rome and declared the Gospel by the Spirit, many who

were present __________________________________, as one who

had followed him for a long time and remembered what he said, to

write down what he had spoken, and Mark after composing the

Gospel, presented it to his petitioners."

C. Mark's Life, From Failure to Greatness:

1. : His mother Mary had a church in their

home. He was a cousin of Barnabas. (Col. 4:10; Acts 12:12)

2. : He left the missionary journey with Paul

and Barnabas. He became the middle man in a sharp disagreement

between these two men of God and led to their separation from each

other. (Acts 13:4-13; Acts 15:36-37).

3. : At the end of Paul's life, Mark became a

profitable servant. (Col. 4:10; Philemon 24; 2 Tim. 4:10). Peter calls

him “Marcus my son” (1 Peter 5:13), suggesting a unique mentoring

relationship that existed between them.

2. The Purpose

A. Mark writes the simplest and ________________________________ of

the four Gospel accounts.

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B. This is the Gospel _________________________________! Mark uses

the word "straightway," "immediately," and "forthwith" to emphasize the

quickness and strenuous nature of Jesus' movements. (1:10,12,18,20,-22,

28-31, 42,43).

C. Mark uses the historical present tense 150 times, giving his readers the

impression of listening to an ____________________________ report. He

also uses the imperfect tense (past action in progress) more than any other

Gospel per verse.

D. Mark uses the word ____________________ in the opening verse and it

appears 8 times in Mark (Mark 1:1, 14, 15; 8:35; 10:29; 13:10; 14:9;

16:15; it appears only 4 times in Matthew and never in Luke and John).

E. Mark depicts Christ as the ______________________________ of

Jehovah. Mark 10:45; 11:10; 14:62; 15:2

F. Mark omits the genealogy, the birth of Christ, and the childhood years of

Jesus.

G. Mark's Gospel appeals to the ___________________________ for it is a

Gospel of Action.

3. The Date of Writing: Conservative scholars put the date of Mark's Gospel after

the death of Peter but before the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70. This would put

the date at A.D. 67 or 68.

Much modern scholarship places Mark chronologically as the earliest of the Gospels. The consensus of

the earliest witnesses is that Matthew was the first synoptic Gospel to appear, followed later by Luke,

then Mark. In any case, the Greek versions of all of these Gospels are dated only a few years apart.

4. The Theme

Mark presents Christ as the servant of God and man, ministering always, actively,

and sacrificially to meet our greatest needs.

The Outline

1. The ______________________________ of Jesus 1:1-9:1

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A. Presentation 1:1-13

B. Popularity and Opposition 1:14-3:6

C. Growing Ministry 3:7-6:32

D. Reaching a Peak 6:33-8:26

E. Turning Point 8:27-9:1

2. The _______________________________ of Jesus 9:2-15:47

A. Ministry to the Disciples 9

B. On the Way to Jerusalem 10

C. Ministry in Jerusalem 11:1-26

D. Last Public Teaching in Jerusalem 11:27-12:44

E. Olivet Discourse 13:1-37

F. The Last Days of Jesus 14:1-52

G. The Trials of Jesus 14:53-15:20

H. The Crucifixion of Christ 15:21-47

3. The _______________________________ of Jesus 16:1-20

The Gospel According to Saint Luke

Most people would think that Paul wrote most of the New Testament because he

penned 13 of the books. However, Luke-Acts comprises over 27% of the New

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Testament. (Paul’s books encompass 25.6% and John, 17.7%.)

1. The Author

A. Luke is a Caring _______________________________, Col. 4:14.

1. Luke was probably the only ________________________________

of the New Testament.

2. Some have suggested that Luke studied at the University of Tarsus,

not unlike the schools the would have

attended.

B. Luke was a Careful ___________________________________, Luke 1:1-

4

Luke writes like an investigative reporter. Yet he lets us know his medical

background as he uses two terms from the field of medicine:

1) Eyewitnesses: autoptes, similar to our word, autopsy (only usage in the

New Testament)

2) Ministers: The word for intern, or one who assisted in a surgery.

C. Luke was a Constant of Paul. As Mark came

under the influence of Peter, Luke came under the influence of Paul. Acts

16:10,11,15,17; 20:5; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:16.

D. Proof of his authorship

1. Early church ___________________________ recognized Luke as

the author: Justin Martyr, Eusebius, Clement of Alexandria, and

others in the early 2nd century recognize Luke as the author.

2. Irenaeus wrote, "Luke also, the companion of Paul,

_______________________ in a book the Gospel preached by him.”

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3. Internal evidence points to Luke because of the ______________________________________ of style in Acts and Luke. Also, the medical language in both the Gospel and Acts demonstrates the writer's interest in disease. Luke 1:1-4; Acts 1:1

2. The Purpose

A. Luke's polished literary style would appeal to the intellectual power of the ____________________________________.

B. Luke presents Jesus as the ____________________________, Luke 19:10. His amazing genealogy goes all the way back to Adam, showing that Jesus Christ is the “last Adam” and the “second man…the Lord from heaven” (1 Cor.15:45,47).

C. Luke's Gospel is the longest, the most chronological, and the most

comprehensive of the Synoptic accounts. 1. Full account of the Birth of _________ ______________________.

2. Full account of the birth of Jesus Christ: the announcements of angels to Mary and the shepherds.

3. A fuller account of Jesus’ ____________________ (Luke 9:51-19:27).

This is his work during His final 6-7 months of ministry when He leaves Galilee and heads toward Jerusalem (Luke 9:51; 13:22; 17:11).

D. Luke writes to confirm ______________________________ in the faith,

Luke 1:3, 4. E. Luke emphasizes the perfect of Christ, Luke 2:40,52.

F. Luke emphasizes Christ’s role as the ___________________ sent from God.

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1. Luke 4:16-21: Jesus claimed to be the personal fulfillment of the Messianic Prophet in Isaiah 61.

2. Luke 4:22-24: Jesus predicted the rejection of His ministry because “No prophet is accepted in His own country.”.

3. Luke 4:25-30: Jesus likened His own prophetic ministry to the prophets Elijah and Elisha.

4. Other passages that emphasize His prophetic ministry: Luke 7:16,27; 13:33-35; 24:19

G. Luke emphasizes . Christ is presented as praying 15 times in the Gospels, eleven times in the book of Luke! (3 in Matthew, 4 in Mark and John).

1. Prayer of people at temple; prayer of Zacharias, Luke 1:10,13. 2. Prayers of Anna the prophetess, Luke 2:37. 3. Jesus praying during his baptism, Luke 3:21. 4. Jesus’ heart for prayer, Luke 5:16; 6:12; 9:18, 29; 10:21; 11:1; 22:32,41,44,45; 23:46. 5. Jesus taught much on prayer, Luke 11:1-1-13; 18:1-14; 19:46; 21:36.

H. Some have called Luke the Gospel of _____________________________, for he emphasizes the faithful work of women: Elizabeth, Mary, Anna, the widow of Nain (Luke 7:11-18), the repentant harlot (Luke 7:36-50), Martha and Mary (Luke 10:38-42), the bowed down woman healed (Luke 13:10-17), the woman in the parable of the Lost Coin (Luke 15:8-10), the parable of the persistent widow (Luke 18:1-8), and the women of Jerusalem; Luke 23:27-33, and the testimony of Mary an “idle tale” to the apostles, Luke 24:11.

I. Luke emphasizes the _______________ __________________ 17 times, more than the other Gospels (Matthew, 10 times; Mark, 6 times; John, 14 times). Luke 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25, 26, 27; 3:16, 22; 4:1, 14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10, 12. J. Luke emphasizes _________________________ and the lower classes of society: shepherds, Samaritans, sinners, the poor, the, publicans & the Prodigal Son. Luke 2:8-20; 10:25-37; Luke 15:1,2,7,10; Luke 17:11-19; Luke 18:13; Luke 19:1-10; Luke 23:43,44. Some have called Luke 15-19 as the “Gospel of the Outcasts.”

K. Key verse in Luke: Luke 19:10

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3. The Date of Writing

A. Luke wrote the Gospel ____________________ he wrote Acts, Acts 1:1. B. Acts was written in A.D ____________________.

C. Luke was in Caesarea while Paul was ______________________ in that city

(Acts 27:1), and he could have written his gospel account at that time.

D. This would date this book in A.D. _____________. 4. The Theme: The joyful news that God’s appointed Messiah, the Son of Man, has come to seek and save any sinner who will come to Him in repentant faith (Luke 19:10; Parable of Lost Things).

The Outline 1. PREPARATION 1:1-4:13 (Journey from Heaven to Earth) A. His Birth at Bethlehem 1-2 B. His Baptism in Jordan 3:1-22 C. His Temptation of Satan 4:1-13 2. IDENTIFICATION 4:14-9:50 (Journey Throughout Galilee) 3. INSTRUCTION 9:51-19:27 (Perean Ministry and His Journey to Jerusalem)

Whereas Matthew and Mark emphasize the Galilean ministry of Christ, and John emphasizes the Jerusalem ministry of Jesus during feast days, Luke emphasizes the Perean ministry of Christ, the final six months of his earthly life.

The constant focus on ______________________________________ as Jesus’

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destination is prominent in Luke’s thinking (Luke 9:51-53; 13:22,33; 17:11; 18:31; 19:11, 28 , see also 19:41).

Matthew devotes two chapters (Matthew 19-20) to Jesus’ Perean ministry; Mark just one chapter (Mark 10). This passage gives unique stories found no where else in the Gospels (377 of the 408 verses, or 92% of the segment, is found only in Luke.

A. The Good Samaritan, Luke 10:25-37 B. The Rich Fool, Luke 12:13-21 C. The Bowed Down Woman, Luke 13:11-17 D. Dinner table Discourse, Luke 14 E. Parable of the Lost Things, Luke 15 F. The Rich Man and Lazarus, Luke 16 G. Healing of the Ten Lepers, Luke 17 H. Parables of the Unjust Judge and Pharisee and Publican, Luke 18 I. Meeting with Zacchaeus, Luke 19

4. SACRIFICE 19:28-24:53 (Ministry in Jerusalem) A. The Triumphal Entry, Luke 19:28-48 B. His Final Week of Ministry, Luke 20-21:38 C. The Last Supper, Luke 22:1-38 D. The Garden of Gethsemane, Luke 22:39-53 E. The Denial of Peter, Luke 22:54-65 F. The Trials, Luke 22:66-23:26 1. Before the (Caiaphas, the high priest, and Annas)

Lk. 22:66-71 2. Before Luke 23:1-7 3. Before Luke 23:8-11 (only found in Luke)

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4. Before the Pilate again Luke 23:12-26 G. The Cross Luke 23:27-56 1. The Message to the Cross Luke 23:27-33 2. The Messages on the cross Luke 23:34-56 a. Message on v.34 b. Message on v.43 c. Message of v.46 (commend= "To entrust, or to place with someone." H. The Resurrection 24:1-53 1. At the tomb 24:1-12 2. On the Emmaus Road 24:13-35 3. In Jerusalem with the Disciples 24:36-48 I. The Ascension 24:49-53

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The Gospel According to Saint John

John’s Gospel is the last of the four Gospels written, and is also the most unique of the Gospels, therefore it is placed last of the four historical accounts of Christ’s life. Each of the four Gospels confronts the reader with a different style, a distinctive vantage point, and a diverse selection of material, but John’s Gospel is the most unique of the four accounts of the Life of Christ. 1. The Author After Luke and Paul, John is the third most prolific writer of the New Testament. A. Internal Evidence which points to John's Authorship 1. Author is : Compare John 1:1 with Gen. 1:1;

John 12:40 with Isaiah 6. 2. Author is a Jew: He knows that Jacob's well is

deep (John 4:11), he knows of Mt. Gerizim (John 4:20), details about the temple (2:20; 8:20; 10:22) and about Golgotha as the place of a skull (19:17).

3. A contemporary of the persons and events narrated: He speaks of the

chief priests and Pharisees, not the Sadducees and Pharisees, knowing that the Sadducees held the office of chief priest in that day (11:47-53). The writer was known to the high priest and went into the high priest's palace with Jesus (18:15).

4. The Author is John, the one who at the last

supper. (John 21:20-24; 19:26; 20:2; 21:7,20) B. Some details about John the Apostle 1. He was a son of Zebedee, the brother of James who was killed (John

1:35-40; Acts 12). 2. Jesus surnamed James and John the (Mark

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3:17) because of their intensity and zeal (Luke 9:54). 3. John was one of the along with Peter and

James (Mark 5:37; 9:2; 14:33). 4. He pastored the church in , was banished to the

Island of Patmos by Domitian and wrote the book of Revelation. He was eventually freed from Patmos and returned to Ephesus until his death.

2. The Purpose A. To reveal Jesus as the , the Word who became flesh

(John 20:31; John 1:1-5). B. To show that eternal life comes by believing in Jesus as the Son of God (John

5:24). C. His audience is the whole (John 3:16; 12:19). D. John proves the deity of Christ by displaying seven signs that reveal His glory

and by revealing the eight "I am" statements of Jesus. 1. I am the ________________________, John 4:26 2. I am the Bread of life, John 6:35 2. I am the of the world, John 8:12 3. , John 8:58; John 18:6 4. I am the , John 10:9 5. I am the Good Shepherd, John 10:11 6. I am the Resurrection and the Life, John 11:25 7. I am the way, the truth, and the life, John 14:6

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8. I am the , John 15:7 3. The Date of Writing A. Irenaeus placed it after Matthew, Mark, and Luke. He says, "Afterwards,

John, the disciple of the Lord, who also leaned upon His breast, did himself publish a Gospel during his residence at Ephesus in Asia."

B. Clement of Alexandria says John wrote " " C. If John wrote it from Ephesus, it must have been after A. D. 70.

Furthermore, the destruction of Jerusalem must have happened a good number of years before he wrote, for he makes no mention of it. Most date it A.D. _________________.

4. Points of Interest about John's Gospel A. John deals with about days in the life of Jesus. Chapters 13-19,

nearly one-third of the Gospel, covers but day in the life of Jesus!

B. Or to look at it another way: John 1-11 covers three years of Jesus’ life (60% of John); John 12-20 covers one week (36%).

C. John reports of passover feasts in the life of our Lord: John 2:13;

5:1; 6:4; and 13:1, 18:28. We know from John that the ministry of Jesus lasted over three years.

D. There are no in John. The word translated "parable" in

John 10:6 should be an "allegory." E. Some of John's key words: "believe" is used about 100 times; "love" 57 times;

"glory" 33 times, "verily, verily" 25 times. The Outline 1. The Prologue (1:1-18) A. Jesus is Eternal God (1:1)

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B. Jesus is Creator (1:3) C. Jesus is Life (1:4) D. Jesus is Light (1:5-13) E. Jesus is Full of Glory and Grace (1:14-18) 2. The Seven Signs of the Son of God (1:19-11:57)

A. The Water is Turned to (2:1-11) B. The Nobleman's Son is Healed (4:43-54)

C. The Man is Healed (5:1-16) D. Feeding of Five Thousand (6:1-14) E. Walking on the Water (6:15-21) F. Healing a Man (9) G. from the Dead (11) 3. One Day in the Life of Jesus our Lord (13-19) (This is 30% of the entire Gospel!) A. His Talk in the Upper Room (13-14) B. His Walk on the Road to Gethsemane (15-17) 1. The Vine and the Branches (15) 2. The Promise of the Holy Spirit (16) 2. The High Priestly Prayer (17) 4. The Sacrifice of the Lamb Of God 18:1-19:42

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A. Arrested and Tried 18:1-19:16 B. Crucified and Buried 19:16b-42 5. The Victory of the Lord of Glory 20:1-21:25 A. Signs of the Resurrected Lord (20) B. Appearances of Christ in Galilee (21)

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The Acts of the Apostles 1. The Author A. Luke, see above in his Gospel. B. Luke used medical terms when more common terms were used by other New

Testament authors. (Lk. 4:38 with Mk. 1:30; Lk. 5:12 with Mk. 1:40). C. He is the only Gentile author in the New Testament. D. He knew the Greek language very well. He used over 700 Greek words that

no other New Testament writer uses. E. According to Eusebius, Luke was a native of Syrian Antioch. F. Luke was a companion of Paul and joined him in Acts 16:10. G. Luke was a friend and companion of Paul in his first imprisonment

(Philemon 24) and right up to his death (2 Tim. 4:11). 2. The Purpose A. Acts in reality presents the continuing acts of CHRIST as accomplished by

the Holy Spirit through the disciples (Acts 1:1; 9:4). B. Acts gives us the history of the early church as it is _____________________

by the Holy Spirit and then the church is ______________________________ from Jerusalem to the uttermost part of the world.

C. The key verse and outline of the book is found in . D. Acts 1-12 deals primarily with Peter and the Gospel to the

____________________________. Acts 13-28 deals primarily with Paul and the Gospel to the _______________________________.

E. Acts provides the background for of Paul's epistles: 1 & 2

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Thess., 1 & 2 Corinth., Romans, Galatians, Colossians, Philemon, Ephesians, and Philippians.

3. The Date of Writing A. The most logical explanation is that when Acts ended nothing further had

happened, toward the end of Paul’s two year imprisonment in Rome. B. This would put the date at A.D. 61. 4. Interesting Features of Acts A. It is the second longest book in the New Testament. B. Luke accurately tells of 104 places and names 113 people! C. There are 26 different messages or addresses in Acts (10 by Peter, 12 by Paul,

one each by Jesus, Stephen, James the Lord's brother, and Tertullus. D. Acts is a _________________________________ manual: the motives,

methods, and means are all described. E. Some major themes: 1. There are 60 examples of witnessing to the Lost 2. The Greek word of LORD (Kurios) is applied to Jesus Christ 95 times! 3. The Greek word for Spirit is applied to the Holy Spirit 56 times. 4. The resurrection of Christ is mentioned 33 times 5. Prayer is mentioned 31 times. The Outline

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1. The Church Empowered (1:1-2:47)

A. The Ascension of Jesus (1:1-12) B. The Prayers of the infant church (1:13-26) C. The Power of the Holy Spirit on Pentecost (2:1-40) D. The Practice of the early church (2:41-47)

1. Salvation of souls 2. Baptism of new believers 3. Communion in the Lord's Supper 4. Fellowship with God's people 5. Prayer and Worship 6. Giving 7. Growth in the apostles doctrine 2. The Church in Jerusalem (3:1-7:60)

A. Peter and John heal the lame man, Acts 3 B. The Bold Obedience of the Apostles to witness in spite of threat, Acts C. Ananias and Sapphira are struck dead, Acts 5:1-11 D. The Apostles are arrested and set free by the Lord, Acts 5:12-42 E. The first deacons are chosen, Acts 6 F. The sermon and martyrdom of Stephen, Acts 7

3. The Church to Judea and Samaria (8:1-12:25) (Key verse, Acts 9:31)

A. Revival of Joy in Samaria, Acts 8:1-25 B. Conversion of the Ethiopian Eunich (A descendant of Ham), Acts 8:26-40 C. Conversion of Saul (A descendant of Shem), Acts 9 D. Conversion of Cornelius (A descendant of Japheth), Acts 10 E. Barnabas and Paul minister in Antioch, Acts 11

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F. Miraculous Release of Peter from prison, Acts 12 4. The Church to the Uttermost Part of the World (13:1-28:31)

A. Paul and his Journeys (13-19:21) 1. The First Missionary Journey, 13:1-14:28 2. The Jerusalem Council, 15 3. The Second Missionary Journey, 15:36-18:22 4. The Third Missionary Journey, 18:23-21:17

B. Paul and his Trials (19:22-28) 1. Before the Mob and Council, 21:18-23:30 2. Before the Governors, 23:31-25:12 3. Before a King, 25:13-26:32 4. Reaching to Rome, 27:1-28:3 (Paul’s fourth missionary journey)