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New Records of Quedius cruentus (Olivier), A Palearctic RoveBeetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), in Northeastern NorthAmericaAuthor(s): E. Richard HoebekeSource: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,110(2):391-396. 2008.Published By: Entomological Society of WashingtonDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/07-055.1URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4289/07-055.1
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NEW RECORDS OF QUEDIUS CRUENTUS (OLIVIER), A PALEARCTIC
ROVE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE), IN NORTHEASTERN
NORTH AMERICA
E. RICHARD HOEBEKE
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A. (e-
mail: [email protected])
Abstract.—Specimens of the Palearctic rove beetle Quedius cruentus have been
collected in seven northeastern states (Michigan, Ohio, New York, New Jersey,
Massachusetts, Maine, Pennsylvania) and one eastern Canadian province (Quebec)from 2001 to the present as a result of exotic bark beetle surveillance projects.
Earliest specimen records, based on collections in New York, date back to the early
1980s. The Quebec records are the first for this immigrant species in Canada. All
locality records are listed and mapped. Recognition features are described and
illustrated, and a summary of its known biology is provided.
Key Words: Quedius cruentus, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera, immigrant
While sorting and identifying bark and
ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolyti-
nae) among insects captured in Lindgren
funnel traps in the northeastern United
States from 2001 to the present, I discov-
ered numerous specimens of the Palearctic
rove beetle Quedius cruentus (Olivier) from
widespread localities. The funnel traps
were deployed as part of the New York
State Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey
(CAPS) and a joint USDA-APHIS-PPQ
and USDA Forest Service ‘‘Early Detec-
tion and Rapid Response’’ (EDRR) bark
beetle survey, both surveillance projects
designed for the detection of exotic bark
and wood-boring beetles. Traps were
baited with either a–pinene + ethanol (a
general attractant for wood-boring insects
comprised of a host volatile and a degra-
dation product), ethanol only, or the
specific lures ChalcopraxH and Exotic
IpslureH. Additional specimens collected
by the author from 1983–1994 also were
found among unidentified Staphylinidae in
the Cornell University Insect Collection.
Seven immigrant, Palearctic species of
Quedius are presently established in
North America: Q. fulgidus (F.), Q.
mesomelinus (Marsham), Q. curtipennis
Bernhauer, Q. molochinus (Gravenhorst),
Q. cinctus (Paykull) (Smetana 1971a), Q.
fuliginosus (Gravenhorst) (Majka and
Smetana 2007), and Q. cruentus (Gu-
sarov 2001).
Gusarov (2001) first reported Q.
cruentus new to North America based
on his collection of a single male
specimen in Black Rock Forest, south
of New Windsor (Orange Co.), in
southeastern New York in May 1998.Noting that the New York specimen was
collected in a relatively undisturbed
habitat, a nature preserve, and that the
species is widely distributed in the
western Palearctic Region, Gusarov
(2001) suggested that Q. cruentus ‘‘is
likely to be found in the Nearctic Region
elsewhere along the Eastern coast.’’
In this paper, I report the widespread
occurrence of Q. cruentus in New York,
PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
110(2), 2008, pp. 391–396
and provide locality records for six
additional northeastern U.S. states and
one eastern Canadian province, the first
record of this species from Canada.
Examined specimens, except as noted,
are deposited in the Cornell University
Insect Collection (Ithaca, NY). Speci-
mens representing the Canadian (Que-
bec) records, provided through the cour-
tesy of Ales Smetana and Jan
Klimaszewski, are housed in the Cana-
dian National Collection (Ottawa, On-
tario) and the collection of Natural
Resources Canada, Canadian Forest
Service (Quebec, Quebec), respectively.
New distribution records (Fig. 1).—
UNITED STATES: MAINE: Lincoln
Co., Jefferson, 6.IV.2006 (1). Penobscot
Co., Bangor, 30.IX.2004 (1). York Co.,
Sanford/Lyman, 4.IV.2006 (1). MASSA-
CHUSETTS: Barnstable Co., Sandwich,
20.V.2005 (1). Bristol Co., Freetown,
15.VII.2005 (5). Plymouth Co., Carver,
28.VII.2005 (1); Plymouth, 5.VII.2005
(1). Suffolk Co., Boston, 23.V.2004 (1),
7.VI.2004 (2). MICHIGAN: St. Clair
Co., Port Huron, 5.V.2004 (3), 7.VI.
2004 (2). Wayne Co., Detroit, 13.V.2004
(2), 25.V.2004 (3), 8.VI.2004 (1), 25.V.
2005 (3), 10.VI.2005 (35), 21.VI.2005 (1),
23.VI.2005 (13), 7.VII.2005 (1), 19.VII.
2005 (1). NEW JERSEY: Camden Co.,
Camden, 15.IV.2002 (1), 29.V.2002 (2).
NEW YORK: Albany Co., Albany,
31.V.2005 (5). Allegany Co., Angelica,
25.V.2004 (1). Broome Co., Binghamton,
Fig. 1. Distribution of Quedius cruentus in northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Star
denotes the original North American collection of Q. cruentus reported in Gusarov (2001).
392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
15.IX.2005 (1). Cayuga Co., Auburn,
25.V.2006 (2). Chautauqua Co., Ellery,
6.VI.2005 (1). Chemung Co., Elmira
Heights, 23.VI.2004 (3). Erie Co., Bow-
mansville, 3.VI.2005 (5), 17.VI.2005 (22),
15.VI.2006 (2); Buffalo, 17.VI.2005 (1);
Chaffee, 16.VII.2003 (4), 10.VI.2004 (3).
Franklin Co., Chateaugay, 16.VI.2003
(1); Paul Smiths, 6.V.2004 (1), 16.V.2004
(1). Genesee Co., Batavia, 21.VI.2004
(2), 6.VII.2004 (1), 6.X.2004 (1). Jeffer-
son Co., Watertown, 5.VI.2006 (2).
Livingston Co., Lima, 18.VI.2004 (2),
6.VII.2004 (2), 20.VII.2004 (1), 4.VIII.
2004 (1). Madison Co., Georgetown
(Muller Hill), 200 ft. elev., 7–8.VII.
2002, M. H. Evans (1) (through the
courtesy of A. Solodovnikov). Monroe
Co., Rochester, 21.VII.2003 (2), 18.VI.
2004 (19). 6.VII.2004 (18), 20.VII.2004
(1), 5.VI.2006 (3), 21.VI.2006 (1). Niag-
ara Co., Niagara Falls, 25.VII.2003 (12),
29.VI.2004 (1), 12.VII.2004 (10), 26.VII.
2004 (2), 9.X.2004 (3), 5.V.2005 (1),
16.V.2005 (1), 14.VII.2005 (8), 8.VI.
2006 (5); Model City, 6.VI.2005 (1).
Oneida Co., Rome, 5.X.2004 (1). Onon-
daga Co., Mattydale, 13.VII.2004 (4);
East Syracuse, 5.VI.2006 (1), 20.VI.2006
(30), 28.VI.2006 (7), 1.V.2007 (1); Syra-
cuse, 1.VI.2004 (1), 15.VI.2004 (1), 30.VI.
2004 (2), 29.VII.2004 (2), 11.VIII.
2004 (4), 25.VIII.2004 (1), 7.IX.2004 (2),
23.IX.2004 (1), 28.IV.2005 (1), 31.V.
2005 (4), 16.VI.2005 (,30), 14.VII.2005
(2), 31.VIII.2005 (3), 13.IX.2005 (6),
28.IX.2005 (1), 18.IV.2007 (1), 1.V.2007
(1), 16.V.2007 (21). Ontario Co., Geneva,
19.X.2003 (1). Orleans Co., Lyndonville,
21.VI.2006 (2); Medina, 21.VI.2004 (2),
6.VII.2004 (4). Oswego Co., Fulton,
15.VI.2004 (2), 28.VI.2004 (1); Oswego,
5.VII.2001 (2), 31.V.2006 (1). Otsego
Co., Oneonta, 12.V.2005 (1). Richmond
Co., Staten Island, 13.VI.2005 (3),
30.V.2006 (2), 27.VI.2006 (1). Rockland
Co., West Nyack, 3.V.2004 (1). Steuben
Co., Avoca, 8.VII.2004 (1). Suffolk Co.,
Cutchogue, 10.VI.2004 (5), 22.VI.2004
(7), 17.VI.2005 (1). 6.VII.2005 (8),
2.VI.2006 (1). Tompkins Co., Ithaca,
16.VI.1983 (1), 11.VI.1986 (1), 14.V.
2004 (1); Town of Ulysses, NE of
Jacksonville, 22.IX.1991 (1), 25.VI.1992
(3), 6.X.1994 (1), 21.VI.2005 (3). Washing-
ton Co., Salem, 19.V.2005 (1). PENN-
SYLVANIA: Armstrong Co., State Game
Lands No. 247, NW of W. Ford City,
1.VI.2006 (2). Clarion Co., State Game
Lands No. 72, NE of Clarion, 31.V.2006
(1). Erie Co., Erie, 2.V.2001 (1), 26.VI.
2001 (3), 14.V.2002 (2), 30.V.2002 (2),
18.IX.2002 (5). Lebanon Co., Fort Indian-
town Gap, 10.VII.2003 (1). Montgomery
Co., Evansburg St. Pk., 6.VI.2006 (1).
OHIO: Allen Co., Lima, 17.V.2002 (2),
31.V.2002 (4), 18.IX.2002 (2). Lucas Co.,
Toledo, 21.V.2001 (4). CANADA: QUE-
BEC: Parc de la Gatineau, 12–19.VI.2000
(4), 10–17.VII.2000 (1). Buckingham, 5–
19.VI.2000 & 26.VI–17.VII.2000 (10).
Mont St-Hilaire, 13–27.VI.2000 (2). St-
Hilaire-de-Dorset, 6–13.VII.2000 (1).
The earliest records of Q. cruentus
among specimens examined include two
specimens from Ithaca, NY – collected
on 16 June 1983 and 11 June 1986 by the
author. These dates indicate this Pale-
arctic species has been established in
the Northeast for at least two decades.
Although Quedius has been thoroughly
revised for America north of Mexico
(Smetana 1971a, 1971b, 1973, 1976,
1978, 1981, 1990), Q. cruentus evaded
detection in this hemisphere until Gu-
sarov (2001) collected it in southeastern
New York in 1998.
Recognition.—Among other North
American members of the subgenus
Microsaurus, Quedius cruentus (Fig. 2)
can be easily confused with Q. fulgidus
(F.), another immigrant Palearctic spe-
cies now widely distributed across North
America except for northern regions of
Canada. Both species are similar in size
(7.0–11.5 mm), in general coloration
(body shining black with elytra, apex of
abdomen, and margins of abdominal
VOLUME 110, NUMBER 2 393
segments reddish), and in both the
posterior puncture of the sublateral row
of the pronotum is located distinctly
behind the level of the large lateral
puncture. The reader is referred to a
modification of Smetana’s (1971a) key to
species of Microsaurus by Gusarov
(2001) to differentiate between Q. cruen-
tus and Q. fulgidus.
Gusarov (2001) noted that antennal
segments 7–10 in Q. cruentus are very
transverse, about 1.5 times wider than
long, while in Q. fulgidus these same
segments are only slightly transverse.
However, the principal characters for
separation of these two species are those
of the male genitalia. The median lobe of
Q. cruentus is more or less enlarged or
spatulate at the apex. On the ventral
surface apically there is a prominent
median tooth and on each side, slightly
behind, is a small lateral tooth (Fig. 3),
thus giving the appearance that the apex
is tridentate. The paramere is at least as
long as the median lobe, truncate or
slightly indented at the apex, armed on
the ventral surface with several (2–5)
sensory peg setae more or less aligned
linearly well behind the apical margin
(Fig. 4). In contrast, the median lobe of
Q. fulgidus is dilated apically, with the
apical portion deeply and longitudinally
impressed; the impression is limited
laterally by a strong crenulate ridge on
each side (Fig. 5). The paramere is more
or less dilated in the front with the apical
margin arcuate, truncate, or feebly emar-
ginate. Sensory peg setae on the ventral
surface form an irregular transverse
group or row far removed from the
apical margin (Fig. 6).
Elytral color variation.—The European
literature (Coiffait 1978) describes the
elytral color of Q. cruentus as ranging
from entirely red to dark brown with paler
sutural and apical margins to completely
black. While Gusarov (2001) noted that
the single specimen he reported new to
North America had dark brown elytra
with reddish sutural and apical margins,
the majority of specimens examined in this
study possess red elytra, with only a few
specimens exhibiting brownish elytra with
the sutural area and apical margins paler
or nearly black.
Bionomics and habitat.—Known as a
‘‘phyto- and corticolous species’’ (Staniec
and Pietrykowska 2005), Q. cruentus has
been recorded from under bark and in
rotting wood of various trees, in decaying
organic matter, among dead leaves, in
decomposing grass, under stones, and by
beating foliage (Fowler 1888; Joy 1932;
Duff 1993). Horion (1965) noted that thespecies is found in thinning forests and
among standing trees in parks, public
gardens, tree-lined avenues where it oc-
curs under decomposing bark, in hollow
trunks and stems, at sap flows of trees
(such as elm, oak, and poplar), and also
among debris and manure in bird nests.
Nash (1973) collected Q. cruentus, along
with the bark beetle Hylastes opacus and
other beetle species, ‘‘under the damp
bark of a mature Scots pine (Pinus
sylvestris) felled for timber.’’
The majority of specimens examined
in this study were taken from baited
Lindgren funnel traps, suggesting that
these predatory rove beetles may be
strongly attracted to the same compo-
nents of the attractants that attract bark
and ambrosia beetles. One might con-
clude that these rove beetles prey upon,
at least in part, certain members of theinsect fauna occurring under bark of
dead and dying hardwoods and conifers.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Numerous people involved in two
major pest surveillance activities in the
Northeast were responsible for the col-
lection of the majority of specimens of
Quedius cruentus whose localities are
reported in this paper. Horticultural
inspectors of the New York State De-
partment of Agriculture and Markets
(Division of Plant Industry, Robert
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Mungari, Director) collected trap sam-
ples from deployed Lindgren funnels as
part of the state’s Cooperative Agricul-
tural Pest Survey (CAPS) exotic bark
beetle survey; they include John Kircher,
Jacqueline Johnson, Bruce Amundsen,
Leslie McIntyre, Eric Birkland, William
Ellsworth, Cary Conrow, Gary Sphar,
Joseph Parent, Richard Purdy, Nanette
Morgan, Steve Markarian, and Kim
Schlosser. Personnel of different agencies
were responsible for Lindgren funnel
trap collections as part of the joint
USDA-APHIS and Forest Service ‘‘Ear-
ly Detection and Rapid Response
(EDRR)’’ bark beetle surveys in the
Northeast and their efforts are acknowl-
edged here: James Manor and Brian
Figs. 2–6. 2, Habitus of Quedius cruentus (NY: Niagara Co., Niagara Falls). Scale line 5 5 mm. 3–6,
Aedeagus of Quedius cruentus and Q. fulgidus. 3, Apex of median lobe, Q. cruentus. 4, Paramere, Q.
cruentus. 5, Apex of median lobe, Q. fulgidus. 6, Paramere, Q. fulgidus.
VOLUME 110, NUMBER 2 395
Sullivan (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Detroit,
MI), John Crow (USDA-APHIS-PPQ,Hermon, ME), Wayne Searles and Wil-
liam Urquhart (Maine Forest Service,
Augusta), Stephen Lavallee (USDA-
APHIS-PPQ, Otis ANGB, MA), Charlie
Burnham (Massachusetts Department of
Conservation & Recreation, Amherst),
Richard Fine (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Rob-
binsville, NJ), Skip Wille (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Toledo, OH), Robert Acciavatti
(USDA Forest Service, Morgantown,
WV), Timothy Frontz (Pennsylvania
Dept. of Conservation & Natural Re-
sources, Bureau of Forestry, Penfield),
and Sven-Erik Spichiger (Pennsylvania
Dept. of Conservation & Natural Re-
sources, Bureau of Forestry, Middle-town). I am also grateful to Ales Smetana
(Centre for Land and Biological Resourc-
es Research, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa,
Ontario) and Jan Klimaszewski (Natural
Resources Canada, Canadian Forest
Service, Quebec, Quebec) for kindly pro-
viding specimen locality data for Canadi-
an records of Q. cruentus, to AlexeySolodovnikov (Zoological Museum, Uni-
versity of Copenhagen, Denmark) who
allowed me to publish specimen data for
the Madison Co., NY record, and to
Vladimir Gusarov (Natural History Mu-
seum, University of Oslo, Norway) and
A. Solodovnikov for reviewing a draft of
the paper and offering helpful suggestionsfor its improvement.
LITERATURE CITED
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396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
