Introduction

The genus Scinax Wagler, 1830 actually contains 95 species, distributed from eastern and southern Mexico to Argentina and Uruguay, Trinidad and Tobago, and Santa Lucia (Frost, 2009). Scinax is characterized by a closed frontoparietal fontanelle, round or poorly expanded sacral diapophysis, truncated adhesive disks of the fingers, webbing between toes I and II which does not extend beyond the first subarticular tubercule, absence of the larval lingual papillae and ability to bend finger I and toe I, and other osteological and myological characters (Faivovich, 2002, 2005). This genus can be divided in seven groups: S. catharinae-, S. perpusillus-, S. rizibilis-, S. rostratus-, S. ruber-, S. staufferi- and S. x-signatus-groups (Duellman and Wiens, 1993). However, Pombal, Haddad and Kasahara (1995), based on morphological similarities and on vocalizations, allocated the S. x-signatus group to the S. ruber group.

The Scinax rostratus group actually contains 10 species

(S. boulengeri (Cope, 1887), S. constrictus Lima, Bastos & Giaretta, 2004, S. garbei (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926), S. jolyi Lescure & Martin, 2000, S. kennedyi (Pyburn, 1973), S. nebulosus (Spix, 1824), S. pedromedinae (Henle, 1991), S. proboscideus (Brongersma, 1933), S. rostratus (Peters, 1863), and S. sugillatus (Duellman, 1973) (Duellman, 1972, 1973; Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983; Duellman and Wiens, 1993; Lescure and Marty, 2000; Lima, Bastos and Giaretta, 2004), characterized by having a pointed or reduced tubercle on heel, a triangular mark between the eyes and head-down

Herpetology Notes, volume 3: 161-166 (2010) (published online on 19 May 2010)

New records and distribution of the treefrog Scinax rostratus (Peters, 1863) (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)

Marcelo José Sturaro1*, João Fabrício de Melo Sarmento1, Amanda André Lima1, Hipócrates de Menezes Chalkidis2 and Reginaldo Augusto Trindade Rocha1

1 Laboratório de Herpetologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral 1901, Terra Firme, Belém, Pará, Brazil;

e-mail: marcelosturaro@gmail.com2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Paraense

Emílio Goeldi - Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil.* corresponding author

Abstract. Scinax Wagler, 1830 is one the most diversified genera of Neotropical hylid frogs, containing 95 species. The Scinax rostratus group unites ten species with pointed or reduced tubercle on heel, having a triangular mark between the eyes and head-down calling position, possibly forming a monophyletic group. Scinax rostratus differs from the others species of the group by having a nearly smooth dorsal skin with few low tubercles, no tubercles along the margin of lower jaw, reduced tubercles on heel, and snout acutely rounded, without a fleshy proboscis. We here report new records of S. rostratus and, based on literature records, we also updated its total distribution.

Keywords. Hylinae, Brazil, Pará, Altamira, Aveiro, range extension.

Figure 1. Scinax rostratus from Guaraúnos, State of Sucre, Venezuela. (Photo by William E. Duellman).

Marcelo José Sturaro et al.162

calling position and other osteological and myological characters (Duellman, 1973; Faivovich, 2002, 2005). Faivovich (2002) proposed a phylogeny for the genus Scinax. In this study he included only five species of the S. rostratus group (S. boulengeri, S. garbei, S. pedromedinae, S. proboscideus, S. rostratus), and they seemed to form a monophyletic group. But further

studies involving all species of the group are necessary to confirm the monophyly of this group.

Scinax rostratus differs from other species of the group by its large size (maximum SVL in males 45.7 mm, in females 48 mm), dorsal skin nearly smooth with few low tubercles, no tubercles along margin of lower jaw, reduced tubercles on heel, and snout acutely

Figure 2. Distribution of Scinax rostratus based on literature data (circles), Colombian States (question marks), type-locality (star), and material examined in MPEG (square). 1 - 11 km North of Miraflores Locks, Canal Zone, Panamá; 2 - Chocó Department, Colombia; 3 - Caceras, Rio Cauca, Antioquia Department, Colombia; 4 - Mariquita, Tolima Department, Colombia; 5 - El Real, Antioquia Department, Colombia; 6 - Magdalena Department, Colombia; 7 - Cundinamarca Department, Colombia; 8 - Boca del Cano Losada, Meta Department, Colombia; 9 - Santander Department, Colombia; 10 - Caparo Department, Venezuela; 11 - Arauca Department, Colombia; 12 - Between Apure and Tachira, Tachira, Venezuela; 13 - Sierra de San Luis, Venezuela; 14 - Maracay, Aragua State, Venezuela; 15 - Santa Bárbara, Amazonas State, Venezuela; 16 - Caracas, Venezuela (star); 17 - La Barranca, Coro, Falcón State, Venezuela; 18 - Momo, Anzoátegui State, Venezuela; 19 - 13 km south Maturin, Monagas State, Venezuela; 20 - Finca Vuelta Larga, Sucre State, Venezuela; 21 - San Juan de las Galdonas, Arismendi, Sucre State, Venezuela (MPEG 8262); 22 - San Felix/Castillos, km 4, Granja Santa Bárbara, Delta Amacuro State, Venezuela; 23 - Between Tunapui and Bojoral, Sucre State, Venezuela; 24 - Barrancas, Monagas State, Venezuela; 25 - Caño Winikina, Delta Amacuro State, Venezuela; 26 - El Dorado/Santa Elena de Uairén, km 86.7, Bolívar State, Venezuela; 27 - Km 13 Rio Cuyuni, Bolívar State, Venezuela (Peters, 1863; Rivero, 1968; Duellman, 1972; Gorzula and Señaris, 1998; Nieto-Castro,1999; Barrio-Amorós, Orellana and Chacón, 2004); 28 - Right margin of Mamuru river, Aveiro, Pará, Brazil; 29 - Left margin of Xingu river, Comunidade Arroz Cruz, Vitória do Xingu, Pará, Brazil.

New records and distribution of Scinax rostratus 163

rounded, without fleshy proboscis (Duellman, 1972) (fig. 1). The actual known distribution of S. rostratus reaches from Central Panama eastwards to the mouth of the Orinoco, valleys of the Río Cauca and Río Magdalena in Colombia, llanos of Colombia and Venezuela (Duellman, 1972; Frost, 2009). The record of S. rostratus from French Guiana (Duellman, 1972) was based on specimens that were later recognized as a different species and described by Lescure and Marty

(2000) as S. jolyi. Actually S. rostratus is considered as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Solís et al., 2004). We here report new records and a revised total distribution of S. rostratus.

Material and Methods

During fieldwork in 2009 at the right margin of the Rio Mamu-ru, municipality of Aveiro, Pará State, Brazil, J.F.M. Sarmento,

Figure 3. Scinax rostratus from Aveiro, Pará, Brazil. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of male (MPEG 28060). (C) Dorsal and (D) ventral views of female (MPEG 28061). Scale bar = 10 mm.

H.M. Chalkidis and R.A.T. Rocha found two specimens of Scinax rostratus, Another specimen of S. rostratus was collected in 2000 during fieldwork in the left margin of the lower Rio Xingu, Comunidade Arroz Cru, Project area of Usina Hidroelétrica de Belo-Monte, municipality of Vitória do Xingu, Pará State, Brazil. All three specimens are deposited in the herpetological collec-tion of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará State, Brazil (MPEG). To determine the total distribution of S. rostratus, we researched the literature for further records.

Results and Discussion

On 16 September of 2009, during fieldwork at the right margin of Rio Mamuru (3o24’11.3”S and

56o24’10.3”W, Fig. 2 - number 28), JFMS, HMC and RATR found a couple of Scinax rostratus in amplexus at night (about 21:50h), on the branch of a tree 3 m above the ground, in the forest edge along the Rio Mamuru. The male (MPEG 28060) had a SVL of 44.2 mm and weight of 5.5g, whereas the female (MPEG 28061) had a SVL of 52.5 mm and a weight of 7.4 g (figs. 3-4). This new record of S. rostratus for Brazil extends the actual distribution 1190 km to the south-southeast of the easternmost localities in Venezuela (Fig. 2 - numbers 26 and 27). The other specimen (MPEG 10698, SVL 50.7 mm) was collected on lower Rio Xingu (3o30’43.85”S and 51o54’00.75”W, Fig. 2 - number 29), found on

164

Figure 4. Scinax rostratus from Aveiro, Pará, Brazil (MPEG 28060, male). (A) Lateral and (B) ventral views of head, and ventral views of (C) left hand and (D) left foot. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Marcelo José Sturaro et al.

the leaf litter, inside the forest, in the morning, on 20 December 2000. This record of S. rostratus extends the actual distribution 1485 km to the southeast of the easternmost localities in Venezuela (Fig. 2 - numbers 26 and 27). This now constitutes the most southern and eastern locality known for the species (Fig. 2).

In the literature we found 22 localities restricted to central and northern Colombia and northern, southeastern and southwestern Venezuela and southern Central America (Panamá) (Peters, 1863; Rivero, 1968; Duellman, 1972; Gorzula and Señaris, 1998; Barrio-Amorós, Orellana and Chacón, 2004) (Fig.2). Nieto-Castro (1999) reported S. rostratus from seven Colombian Departments (Antioquia, Arauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Santander). We include five of those departments not mentioned in previous works (Fig. 2) in our S. rostratus distribution map, but indicated them with question marks because of the lack of well defined localities. Vitt et al. (2002, 2005) reported S. rostratus from Jalapão, Tocantins State, Brazil (Cerrado domain). But based on the photos published in Vitt et al. (2002, 2005) we consider these specimens as S. nebulosus, because they have high tubercles on the dorsal skin and a dark dorsal color pattern. We examined some specimens of S. nebulosus with the same color pattern as shown in the photos presented in Vitt et al. (2002, 2005). In the collection of Herpetology of the Universidade de Brasília, the specimens from Jalapão, Tocantins State, Brazilian Cerrado, were also identified as S. nebulosus.

The new records of S. rostratus south of the Rio Amazonas show an interesting extension of the distribution of S. rostratus, which until now was considered to be a northwestern South American species. However, our knowledge about South American anurans is still fragmentary and range extensions of this magnitude are regularly found.

Acknowledgements. We thank Marinus S. Hoogmoed for help with the identification of the specimens and critical reading of the manuscript . We thank Ulisses Galatti for making important information available about the specimen from Vitória do Xingu, Pará State, Brazil. L.J.Vitt, J.P. Caldwell, G.R. Colli and M.A. Brasil, for information about the specimens from Jalapão, Tocantins State, Brazil. William E. Duellman (Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas) kindly provided the photo of the specimen from Guaraúnos, Sucre State, Venezuela. Collecting was done with permits issued by ICMBio (process number 18057-1). Fundação de Amparo e Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa (FADESP) provided financial support for the Project “Diagnóstico de Fauna na Região do Interflúvio Mamuru-Arapiuns, Pará, Brasil”.

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