New Pres 3-An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System … · 2019. 11. 28. · Land Policy in Africa An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System Policy in Ethiopia

2019 Conference on Land Policy in Africa

An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System Policy in Ethiopia

A Presentation for the Conference on Land Policy in Africa, CLPA-2019, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

Solomon Dargie (PhD Candidate)

Nov 25-29, 2019

Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

Bahir Dar University Institute of Land Administration

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Presentation Outline

Introduction§ Problem Statement § Research Objective § Theoretical Framework § Methodology

Result and DiscussionConclusion and Recommendation

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Introduction

u Land is the most vital resource on earth from whichhumankind derives almost all its basic needs.

u It plays significant role through Economic, Social, Politicaland Cultural dimensions (Murado, 2017).§ Land is a basis for livelihood; a space for interaction; the source forpower and a marker of collective identity.

u Thus, much effort is invested in order to administer andmanage land, of which, cadastral systems are one of theseefforts which are developed all over the world (Dale et al,1989).

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Intro…Cont’d…

u The United Nations and organizations such as the FIG, have formany years undertaken studies to understand and describe landadministration systems and particularly the cadastral system(Ting et al., 1999).

u Cadastral system is a formal sub-system of land administrationthat includes the organizational system (a set of professionalactors with responsibilities responsible and accountable tocarryout cadastral activities and maintain cadastral informationsystems), procedures and regulations which altogether ensurethat the cadastral system is kept up-to-date (Walter, 2016).

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Intro…Cont’d…

u The establishment of urban cadastral system in developingcountries is a means of providing security of tenure, byensuring that people can live with certainty and safety on theirown land (Silvaa and Stubkjaerb, 2002; De Soto, 1993).

u According to Rajabifard (2019), to achieve sustainabledevelopment goals (SDGs) of 2030, countries require access toan effective, efficient and modern land administration system(LAS) based on a cadaster engine that contains spatiallyaccurate land parcels and corresponding rights, restrictions andresponsibilities.

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Intro…Cont’d…

u De Soto argues that the lack of a reliable and efficient cadastralsystem can have serious implication for the social andeconomic welfare of a country (De Soto, 2000).

u In order to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of thecadastral systems, performance evaluation is needed assystematic and objective as possible (Danida, 1999).

u In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the useof evaluation indicators by cadastral organizations to assess theoutcomes of cadastral system performance.

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Problem Statement

u Many literatures have proved that the role of cadastral systems havebeen functioning as an engine for sustainable land administrationsystem by monitoring their performance through systematicperformance evaluation mechanisms.

u However, the nature of systematic performance evaluation ofcadastral system depends on the circumstance of specific countryunder investigation.

u Standardized methods or a quality framework to measure and evaluateurban cadastral system around the world is still lacking (Ali, Tuladhar, &Zevenbergen, 2010).

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Cont’d…

u Most literatures show that several evaluation frameworks focus on thedifferent aspects of land administration and management (Steudler, 2002;Steudler et al., 2004; Gebeyehu, 2014; Tuladhar & Zevenbergen, 2010),however, urban cadastral system seems to be a missing component.

u According to LGAF, the key difficulty for institutions is the absences ofstandardized frameworks which enable evaluate the performances ofundertaking institutions (LGAF, 2016).

u In this respect, Ethiopia as an implementer of two types cadastral systems(urban and rural), has no nationally accepted methodology which canmeasure and evaluate the performance of cadastral system policy.

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Research Objectiveu This article is aimed to develop an evaluation framework tomeasure and evaluate the performance of urban cadastralsystem at policy level.

u It is also intended to present a set of good practices and theirindicators to provide an objective basis that supportssystematic evaluation of urban cadastral system in Ethiopia.

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Methodology

u In order to achieve this aim, the study has employed a deskreview and case study research strategies being qualitativeapproach is at the heart of the analysis.

u State of the art literatures (theories on cadastral system policies)are reviewed

u Existing laws and policies focusing on urban cadastral systemare analyzed in order to understand the circumstance andcontext of Ethiopia.

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Theoretical Frameworku Globally, there are variety of frameworks and methodologies that canevaluate, characterize, and assess cadastral systems in the world thoughthey could not properly address local problems and situations ofprogressive cadastral systems in developing countries (Burns, 2007).

u In this article, EFQM Excellence Model (EFQM, 2012), LandGovernance Assessment Framework (LGAF, 2016), Land AdministrationEvaluation Framework (Steudler, 2004), Statements on cadaster(Cadaster, 2014), and Cadastral template have been benchmarked.

u These frameworks are developed to guide the proper operation of landadministration and management, particularly the cadastral system aspect.Guided by the above frameworks, contextualized and country specificpolicy evaluation framework for urban cadastral system is developed.

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Result and Discussions

u Ethiopia’s urban cadastral system policy is enshrined and incorporated underthe urban land development and management policy. This policy aspires asystem where urban land is served as a driving force for political, social,economic, and environmental transformation through efficient and well-functioning cadastral system.

u To accomplish this vision, the federal government has formulated policiesrelated to urban cadastral systems in order to modernize the system of landadministration. Proclamation No. 818/2014 that describes about the urbanland holding adjudication and registration is ratified to implement urbancadastral system of the country.

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Urban Cadastral System Policy of Ethiopia

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Result … Cont’d…

u The overall objective of the scheme is to accelerate the social-economic andenvironmental development of urban centers by ensuring land holders’security of holding and recognition of title to immovable property bycertifying their right, restriction and responsibility through adjudication andregistration. In line with this proclamation, Reg. No. 323/2014 and 324/2014are issued to enact the proclamation.

u To implement proclamation No. 818/2014, the government has incorporatedthe whole urban cadastral system processes in to its GTP.

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Activities Measurement Target Year (2008-2012 E.C)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Adjudication No. of City 91 23 14 14 20 20

No. of Parcel 1.6m 200,000 230,000 350,000 340,000 390,000

Registration Number 91 23 14 14 20 20

No. of Parcel 1.2m 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 300,000

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Result… Cont’d…Urban Cadastral System Policy Evaluation Dimensions

u Currently, there is an increasing demand for cadastral system, which,supports economic development, environmental management and socialstability in both developed and developing countries (Williamson, 2001).

u In-line with this increment, there is a need for performance measurementto assure the quality of cadastral system. The dimensions listed in theTable are indicators for the evaluation of urban cadastral systemperformance.

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Cont’d

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Cont’d

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Conclusion u The paper has contributed an evaluation framework with a set of qualitative andquantitative indicators and their good practices that can evaluate the performanceof urban cadastral system, which is not currently available in Ethiopia.

u It is believed that the framework provides a basis for evaluating urban cadastralsystems in a more standardized and comprehensive approach.

ü The cadastral system success is driven by the level of political will andcommitment which take into account the social, economic, and cultural contextsand makes the necessary resources available (Murunga et al., 2013). Althoughall dimensions (Table 2) have their own contribution to the successfulimplementation of cadastral system, Enemark (2015), has highlighted mostimportantly, strong political will and leadership as a fundamental requirement atnational level.

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Recommendationü Cadastral system policies could include principles on the roles and responsibilities of thevarious cadastral related activities such as: land surveying, mapping, and landregistration. These principles could be included in the national cadastral system policy.

ü In-line with this, there should be a strategic tool to know how to achieve mission, visionand targets. Excellent organizations implement their mission and vision by developing astakeholder focused strategy. These strategies should be designed in a SMART way: i.e.

§ Specific: objectives are detailed, focused, well-defined, straight-forward, and emphasizesaction;

§ Measurable: the standard used for comparison, it answers the question of quantity;

§ Attainable: objectives need to be realistic, possible, and achievable;

§ Realistic: what results can realistically be achieved, given available resources;

§ Time bound: the deadlines to meet the objectives.

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Cont’d…

u Cadastral system policies with a set of performance indicators have to bedefined in depth on how to evaluate their performances subject to welldefined frameworks which are country specific.

u In order to determine the fulfillment of objectives, effectiveness andsustainability of the cadastral system implementation, performanceevaluation is needed as systematic and objective as possible, of on-goingor completed projects.

u Thus, the organization operating urban cadastral system should follow theproposed framework to evaluate the performance of urban cadastralsystem policy of Ethiopia.

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Thank You for Your A

ttention

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Documents

New Pres 3-An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System … · 2019. 11. 28. · Land Policy in Africa An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System Policy in Ethiopia