NEW FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Unit 3.5. Unit 3.5 Standards SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure, strengths, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and

NEW FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

Unit 3.5

Unit 3.5 Standards

SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure, strengths, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and its aspects that led to the constitutional convention.

SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, compromises regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral College, state vs. federal power, empowering a president)

SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and opposition (Federalists, Federalist Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill of Rights) to ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

Warm up Activity:1. What Unit of Study have you

most enjoyed so far?2. What is the reason we celebrate

on the 4th of July?3. OCSR: Who was the main

person responsible for writing the Declaration of Independence?

4. Define: Mercenary, Patriot

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What can you do to improve your

academic vocabulary?

Unit III.5 Vocabulary (15pts)

1. Constitution2. Bicameral3. Republic4. Petition5. Ordinance6. Depreciate7. Depression8. Proportional9. Compromise10. Enlightenment11. Federalism12. Electoral College

11. Legislative Branch

12. Executive Branch

13. Judicial Branch

14. Amendment15. Ratify

WordDefinition: This is where you write the definition of the word. USE YOUR OWN WORDS, NOT THE TEXTBOOK DEFINITION.

Picture

Vocab Poster = 5pts.

If you copy the definitions directly from the text book, you will only receive 50% of the points. Use your own words to define.

Warm up Activity:1. How do you think the

Government has changed over the past 200 years?

2. Who do you think the most powerful people in government are? Why?

3. OCSR: What event occurred first, the Boston Tea Party, or the Boston Massacre?

4. Define: Republic, Amendment

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What are the three branches of our

modern day government?

Unit 3.5 Timeline Activity (30pts)

1. Articles of Confederation Written.***

2. U.S. Constitution Ratified***3. Treaty of Paris4. French Revolution Begins5. France goes to war against

Britain.6. Shay’s Rebellion.***

Using your textbook;1. Put these events in the

right chronological order,

2. Also include a picture symbolizing EACH event.

3. and write 2-3 sentences briefly describing the events marked with ***.

Unit III.5 Timeline Poster Homework

Your homework assignment is to find an event dating from 1000BC-1000 AD

NOT ON THE TIMELINE PROJECT and create a poster board event.

Your event should look similar to those on the wall already.

Included must be; Date, name of event, picture. Sheet should be approximately

¼ sheet of paper. Some projects may be put onto

the timeline wall. I encourage you to look for

really cool interesting events.

Warm up Activity:1. What was the first official

government in our country?2. How long did the Articles of

Confederation last?3. OCSR: What battle of the

American Revolution was considered a ‘turning point’

4. Define: Depreciate, Depression

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What were the last three

states to become states, and when?

Map Project (15pts)

You will receive a blank map of the fifty states.

For each state please include; Name Date became a state Capital

The 13 Original Colonies should all be colored the same color! Others you do not have to color

Warm up Activity:1. What is the current document

that establishes the basis of America’s laws called?

2. How many states were there when the Articles of Confederation was created??

3. OCSR: Who was the main person responsible for writing the Declaration of Independence?

4. Define: Bicameral, Republic

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: When was the Articles of Confederation

written? When did the U.S. Constitution take its place?


Not United

Even though the Colonies had won their independence, they were hardly a united nation.

By 1780 every state had their own Constitution or body of laws. They did this because they were

scared to have any one person hold to much power… Why would they be scared? They just rebelled from a King.

King George III

Further Steps to divide power

The states also established divided government functions to dilute the source of power.

They had a Governor as well as a legislature.

Formation of a Republic

As each state quickly created their own constitution, they were slow to create a united nation.

They did all agree however that they were to create a Republic. A government in which citizens rule

through elected representatives.They couldn’t agree on the

organization and types of powers this republic would have.

America’s First Attempt at Government

March 1, 1781 The Articles of Confederation was put into effect. Creating the United States.

STATES remained the holders of the majority of power.

Each state was still basically its own independent nation held together by a WEAK central government.

Under the AoC if the central government wanted to do anything they had to get the states approval.

Under the AoC there was a WEAK central government and almost all powers laid with the states.

The Confederation Government

1781-1789 The confederation years

Weaknesses No strong central government Couldn’t pass laws unless 9/13 states

voted yes. Couldn’t Amend the AoC unless 13/13

states voted yes.Some things it did…

Expanded foreign trade Established policies for expanding

westward.

Democracy vs. Republic Venn Diagram

Warm up Activity:1. How long were the Articles of

Confederation the document that established law in the U.S.A?

2. In your opinion what was an important achievement established by the AoC?

3. OCSR: What was the first battle of the American Revolution?

4. Define: Petition, Compromise.

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: Do you see a problem with every

city/town/county/state being able to print their own money? Why or why not.


The Northwest Ordinance

Passed in 1787 established a single North West Territory out of the lands north of the Ohio river, and east of the Mississippi river.

This land was to be divided into 3-5 more smaller territories.

When these territories had 60,000 people they could petition to join the Union as a State.

Did not allow slaves or indentured servants in any new lands. This is Americas first attempt to limit/stop slavery.

A major weakness of the AoC

The AoC had so little power that they could not deal with the countries financial problems.

The central government could not impose taxes, so they printed paper money.

The central government and the states printed their OWN paper money.

This led to inflation…

George Washington’s view on the AoC

George Washington described the government as “little more than the shadow without the substance”

What does that mean?Americans started to realize

they needed a stronger central government.

The Issue of Slavery

By 1786 11 of the 13 states (all except South Carolina and Georgia) Outlawed, or heavily taxed the importation of enslaved people.

Although slaves were not really used in the North, it was still legal.

In 1787 the North Abolished Slavery.

The Constitutional Convention

55 Delegates gathered in Philadelphia in May 1787. To revise the AoC

Important people: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin (Who was 80), James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris (wrote the final draft of the US Constitution), James Madison (called the Father of the Constitution).

Articles of Confederation Handout

Warm up Activity:1. Even though slaves were no

longer able to be imported into the Americas did that mean slavery had stopped?

2. When was slavery abolished in the North?

3. OCSR: What happened to the English colony at Roanoke?

4. Define: Compromise, Proportional.

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: If you were from a large state what

plan would you support and why? If you were from a small state what

plan would you support and why?


Setting the Stage

The convention was to revise the AoC… however that is not what happened.

They established rules for how the meetings would progress. George Washington was selected to preside over the meetings. Each state would have one vote. Majority vote No meetings unless 7/13 states were represented. Doors were to remain closed, and the meetings secret from the

public.

The Virginia Plan

With the rules set, and the convention underway a radical idea came forward.

Edmund Randolph a delegate from Virginia proposed that the delegates created a strong central national government instead of revising the AoC.

The Virginia Plan was introduced. James Madison was behind this plan.

Edmund Randolph

Virginia Plan Details

Two-house legislature Lower house elected by the people. Upper house chosen by the Lower

House. Number of reps. Per state

dependent on each states population proportional to the country.

A Chief executive chosen by the legislature

A court system.

The New Jersey Plan

Opposition rose quickly to one of the Virginia Plans key points. Which point do you think?

They wanted equal representation instead of being given less power because of a smaller population.

They also ONLY wanted to amend and revise the AoC, by giving the central government new powers such as taxing and regulation of trade.

The Big Decision

The convention was at a standstill.Until they decided to create a new

Constitution or to Amend/Revise the AoC they could not continue.

On June 19th they decided to work toward a NEW National Government based off of the Virginia Plan. What big problem did they still face?

Representation based off population or state…

Big Questions

Don’t write down.Large questions now arose which

sparked a lot of debate.1. How was the congress to be

elected?2. How would states

representation be in upper and lower houses?

3. Did slaves count as part of the population?

Warm up Activity:1. Which type of states would

favor the Virginia Plan?2. Which type of states would

favor the New Jersey Plan?3. OCSR: What is the

difference between a Patriot and a loyalist?

4.Define: Amendment, Electoral College

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What is your personal opinion about

the 3/5ths compromise? How does it make you feel?


The Great Compromise

Roger Sherman proposed the Great Compromise. The lower house (The house

of representatives) would vary according to the states population.

The Upper House (The Senate) each state would have two members.

The Three-Fifths Compromise

Should slaves count toward a states population?

Why would they want to count the slaves? Larger representation in the House of

Representatives.The North Objected based on the fact

that the Slaves were treated as property.

Eventually it was decided that each slave would count as 3/5 of a person for both Taxation and Representation.

Bill of Rights

George Mason of Virginia proposed that a bill of rights be added to the constitution. It was to ensure that the new government did not limit peoples rights.

Amendment Process

The AoC had required uniramous approval to Amend. They had decided that to amend the new constitution a 9/13 vote would be needed.

Therefore when 9/13 states approved the Constitution the United States would come into existence.

Plans and Compromises Foldable (20pts)

Fold your paper into 3 equal parts. Left side = Virginia PlanMiddle = Great CompromiseRight Side = New Jersey PlanBack = 3/5th Compromise

Each section should include 2-3 sentences/bullets describing the plan/compromise, and a picture that relates to that event.

Quiz Review Questions (14pts)

1. Which type of states favored the New Jersey plan, why?2. Explain how the Great Compromise included both large and small

states in its plan.3. How did the 3/5ths compromise work, why did both the North and

the South Agree to this?4. Who asked for a Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution, and

why did he say it was needed?5. What was the original purpose of the constitutional convention,

why did this plan change?6. What were the major downfalls of the Articles of Confederation?7. What is the difference between a Democracy and a Republic?

1. Unit III.5 Vocabulary Cross Word (10pts)

Warm up Activity:1. What has been your favorite form

of vocabulary review?2. Should we create vocabulary flash

cards as part of our review of the words?

3. OCSR: What tax was designed to stop smugglers, and how?

4. Define: Amendment, Petition

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What are three words that you are

really struggling with (vocab wise) write their definition out now?


Unit III.5 Vocabulary Bingo!!!

B I N G O

Create a bingo chart similar to the one below. You may need to use words multiple times. You can’t use any word more than twice. Place them in a random order!!!

1. Constitution2. Bicameral3. Republic4. Petition5. Ordinance6. Depreciate7. Depression

7. Proportional8. Compromise9. Enlightenment10. Federalism11. Electoral

College12. Legislative

Branch13. Executive

Branch14. Judicial

Branch15. Amendment16. Ratify

Warm up Activity:1. What was the first official colony

for Great Britain in the Americas?2. What was the first permanent

settlement in North America for the Spanish?

3. OCSR: Which group of people arrived in N. America before Columbus did?

4. Define: Executive Branch, Electoral College

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What did you do to prepare for these

Quizzes?


WHEN YOU GET TO THIS SLIDE DO THE VOCABULARY BINGO, THEN THE QUIZ THE

FOLLOWING DAY.

VOCAB QUIZ (16pts)

ANYTHING ABOVE THIS SLIDE IS ELIGIBLE TO BE ON THE QUIZ FOR UNIT

I I I .5 .

QUIZ BREAK

Warm up Activity:1. What is an Amendment? What

types of documents would an amendment be used on?

2. Who came up with the “Great Compromise”

3. OCSR: What act led towards the Boston Tea Party?

4. Define: Executive Branch, Electoral College

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What other documents and thinkers

throughout time have helped influenced the U.S. Constitution?


The Roots of the Constitution

The U.S. Constitution was the first document of its kind. However it had many ideas and theories that had been talked, and written about for many, many years dating back to Ancient Greece. Ancient Greece talked about democracy Ancient Rome practiced a republic Magna Carta (1215) limited powers of kings English Bill of Rights (1689) Englightenment Ideas.

John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu. Montesquie wrote The Spirit of Laws this book outlined the separation

of powers in government. IMPORTANT*****

Shared Powers

The Constitution created a federal system of government and divided powers between the Federal government, and the States.

Shared Powers Federalism: sharing of power between the federal and state

governments. The Federal government could;

Tax, trade, control money, raise an army, declare war, pass laws. However the states could…

Pass laws and regular trade inside their borders, establish local governments, schools, and anything else that effected the welfare of their citizens.

Both Federal and State governments could tax and build roads.

The Constitution

The constitution was to be;

“The Supreme Law of The Land” The final and supreme

authority.

Organization of Government

Following the ideas set forth by Montesquieu they decided to separate the powers of government.

The Framers established three parts of the Federal Government. Legislative Executive Judicial

Hand out Unit III.5 Study Guide (Due when we take exam)

Warm up Activity:1. What is federalism?2. What is the “Supreme Law

of the Land”3. OCSR: Why were the

colonist upset about taxation without representation?

4.Define: Constitution, Enlightenment.

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What are two different forms of

Checks-and-balances?


Three Branches of Government Project

You will create groups of three, and be assigned a branch of government by me.

You will need to include at least 15 facts about your branch of government.

Your poster board should be cut to represent your branch of government.

SEVERAL pictures should be on your poster board.

EVERYONE MUST PARTICIPATE, your team will give you a Grade at the end of the period.

You must also describe TWO powers you have over each of the other two branches.

Warm up Activity:1. What branch of government

creates the laws?2. What branch of government

enforces the laws?3. OCSR: What was the Final

battle of the American Revolution?

4.Define: Amendment, Ordinance.

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What is the point of having the

Federal Government split into three distinct branches? Who favored the Constitution, who did not favor the constitution?


Legislative Branch

Article I of the Constitution. Lawmaking branch of the

government. Composed of the House of

Representatives and the Senate. House is proportional to the population

of each state. The Senate has 2 senators from each

state.

The Congress can Collect taxes, make money, regulate

trade, declare war, raise and support an army.

Executive Branch

They didn’t want a super strong leader.. Why? Memories of a Tyrant King

They did know that they needed some form of strong government from their fail AoC.

Article II of the Constitution set up the Executive Branch. Headed by a President Responsibilities include carrying out the

nations laws and policies, serving as commander in chief of the armed forces, and conducting relations with foreign countries.

Judicial Branch

Article III of the U.S. Constitution

Deals with the court system of the United States.

The us Supreme Court and the Federal Courts deal with laws passed by Congress and disputes between states.

Checks and Balances

By splitting the power of the government into three branches each branch has roles and powers that check the other branches.

Example: Both the House and Senate must approve for something to become a law.

(Legislative) A president (executive) may veto (cancel) a law passed by the congress. The Congress can OVERRIDE the president.

Another Example The President picks the members of the supreme court… HOWEVER the Senate must approve the appointments.

Ratifying the Constitution

Before the Constitution could go into effect 9/13 states needed to Ratify (approve) it.

Supporters of the Constitution were called Federalists. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James

Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay were Federalists. (All well known important figures)

Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution were called Anti-federalists. Their main argument was that the Constitution

took away the rights they had fought to win from Britain.

Bill of Rights… Again.

One of the biggest concerns of the Constitutions is that it lacked a Bill of Rights.

Several states announced that they would not ratify the Constitution without a bill of rights. Why? To protect individual

freedoms.

“We have struggled for liberty and made costly sacrifices… and there are still many among us who value liberty too much to relinquish… the rights of man for the dignity of government.”

Ratification

In 1790 the U.S. Constitution was ratified.

1791 Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.

Warm up Activity:1. What do you think the most

important amendment is? Why?2. Why did many of the colonies

require a bill of rights be added before ratifying the U.S. Constitution?

3. OCSR: What do you think the major cause of the American Revolution was, and why?

4. Define: Constitution, Federalism

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What are checks and balances?

Provide two examples.


Three Branches of Government Tri-Fold (30pts)

You will create a tri-fold (brochure) about the three branches of government.

On the right is an example of how you will create this project, and what is required.

The Executive Branch

Here you will list the major powers and structure of the branch. (Ex, who is in charge, how they are put in charge, and what they are expected to do.)

Below you will list two powers they have over EACH other branch (total of 4)

Bill of Rights Project (20pts)

Utilizing your text book write the Bill of Rights out in the correct order.

NUMBER each amendment, and draw a picture that represents each amendment.

Also, write 2-3 sentences for EACH amendment describing WHY that amendment is important to the country.

Amendment

Picture representing the Amendment

2-3 Sentences explaining the importance of the amendment

Warm up Activity:1. What do you think the least

important amendment in the Bill of Rights is? Why?

2. What do you believe is the most important branch of government? Why?

3. OCSR: How did Samuel Adams contribute to the American Revolution?

4. Define: Amendment, Bicameral

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What were the Framers main

goals in creating the constitution?


The Bill of Rights Amendments 1-10

1. Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, assembly, and press, and the right of people to petition the government.

2. Protects the rights of states to maintain a militia and of citizens to bear arms.

3. Restricts quartering of troops in private homes.4. Protects against “unreasonable searches and

seizures”5. Assures the right not to be deprived of “life, liberty,

or property, without due process of law.

6. Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.

7. Assures the right to a jury trial in cases involving the common law (the law established by previous court decisions.

8. Protects against excessive bail, or cruel and unusual punishment.

9. Provides that people’s rights are not restricted to those specified in the first eight Amendments.

10. Restates the constitutions principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the national government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states and to the people.

The Constitution

These goals guided the Framers as they created the constitution. To Form a more perfect Union To establish justice To insure domestic tranquility To provide for the Common Defense To Promote general Welfare To secure the Blessings of Liberty.

Major Principles of the Constitution

Popular sovereignty People are the source of the government’s power.

Republicanism People elect their political representatives.

Limited Government The Constitution limits the actions of government by specifically listing powers it does and does not have.

Federalism In this government system, power is divide between national and state governments.

Separation of Powers Each of the three branches of government has its own responsibilities.

Checks and Balances Each branch of government holds some control over the other two branches

Individual Rights Basic liberties and rights of all citizens are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.

The Federal SystemEnumerated Powers• Regulate Trade• Coin money• Provide an army and navy.•Conduct foreign affairs.•Set up federal courts.

Concurrent Powers• Enforce the laws•Establish Courts•Collect Taxes• Borrow Money• Provide for the General Welfare.

Reserved Powers• Regulate trade within the state.•Establish local government systems.•Conduct Elections•Establish public school systems.

National Government State GovernmentBoth Governments

Test Review Questions (14pts)

1. What are the Bill of Rights?2. What are two powers the Executive Branch has over the Judicial

Branch?3. What is the difference between Federalist and Anti-Federalist?4. What three Articles create the three branches of government?5. Describe at least three important previous events/documents

which helped lead to the creation of the U.S. Constitution.6. Why is it important that the U.S. Constitution has the ability to be

Amended?7. Do you think that a uniamous vote (100% in favor of) should be

required to add or remove amendments? Why/Why not1. Unit III.5 Standards Review Homework

Warm up Activity:1. What former document/event do

you think had the largest impact on the U.S. Constitution?

2. What does it mean to set a precedent?

3. OCSR: What do you think the most important battle of the American Revolution was? Why?

4. Define: The Legislative Branch, The Judicial Branch

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What questions do you have

about this Unit we have been studying?


Unit III.5 Jeopardy

Normal JeopardyHard Jeopardy

Warm up Activity:1. What do you think the least

important amendment in the Bill of Rights is? Why?

2. What do you believe is the most important branch of government? Why?

3. OCSR: How did Samuel Adams contribute to the American Revolution?

4. Define: Amendment, Bicameral

WARM UP:

Daily Question to KnowQuestion: What do you feel you struggle

most with in this class? Why?


Unit III.5 Exam

Documents

NEW FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Unit 3.5. Unit 3.5 Standards SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure, strengths, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and