New Findings from the 2002 Birth File U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health

New Findings New Findings from the 2002 Birth Filefrom the 2002 Birth File

U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health StatisticsNational Vital Statistics System

Authors / AcknowledgementsAuthors / Acknowledgements

Brady E. Hamilton, Ph.D.

Stephanie J. Ventura, M.A.

Joyce A. Martin, M.P.H.

Live births and crude birth rates: Live births and crude birth rates: United States, 1990-2002United States, 1990-2002

0

1

2

3

4

5

1990 1995 2000 2002

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Number of births

Crude birth rate

Source: National Vital Statistics System, NCHS, CDC.

per 1,000

peo

ple

Mil

lio

ns

of

bir

ths

0

General fertility, total fertility, and gross General fertility, total fertility, and gross reproduction rates: United States, 1990-2002reproduction rates: United States, 1990-2002

500

750

1,000

1,250

1,500

1,750

2,000

2,250

1990 1995 2000 2002

pe

r 1

,00

0 w

om

en

58

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

Total fertility rate

General fertility rate

Gross reproduction rate


pe

r 1,0

00

wo

me

n 1

5-4

4 y

ea

rs o

f ag

e

0 0

Birth rates by age of mother: United States, 1990 Birth rates by age of mother: United States, 1990 and 2002and 2002

70.9

37.5

88.6

116.5120.2

80.8

31.7

5.5

64.8

23.2

72.8

103.6

113.6

91.5

41.4

8.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

15-44years

15-17years

18-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

per

1,0

00 w

om

en in

sp

ecifi

ed g

rou

p

1990 2002

Age of Mother


First birth rates by age of mother: United States, First birth rates by age of mother: United States, 1990 and 20021990 and 2002

29.031.9

62.0

55.2

44.1

21.2

6.7

1.0

25.8

20.8

54.1

48.1

40.7

26.6

9.3

1.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

15-44years

15-17years

18-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

per

1,0

00 w

om

en in

sp

ecifi

ed g

rou

p

1990 2002

Age of Mother


31.030.1

27.9

26.626.1

25.2

23.1 22.8 22.6 22.421.8

25.1

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

Japanese Chinese Filipino Cuban Non-Hispanic

white

Centraland SouthAmerican

Total Hawaiian PuertoRican

Non-Hispanic

black

Mexican AmericanIndian

Ag

e o

f M

oth

er

Race and Hispanic origin of Mother

Mean age of mother at first birth by race and Mean age of mother at first birth by race and Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2002Hispanic origin of mother: United States, 2002


Median age of mother at first birth by State, 2002Median age of mother at first birth by State, 2002


1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000

20

40

60

80

100

Bi rth

rat e

per

1,0

00 w

om

en a

ged 1

5-1

9

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Num

ber o

f birth

s (in th

ousa

nds)

Number of births

Birth rate

2002

Number of births and birth rates for teenagers 15-19 years, 1940-2002


Percent of births to women <20: Percent of births to women <20: United States, 1970 and 2002United States, 1970 and 2002

1970

Mothers 20+ years

Teens(17.3%)

2002

Teens(10.6%)

Mothers 20+ years


Number2002 425,493 179,511 101,494 127,9001990 521,826 249,954 147,521 97,685

% change -18 -18 -31 +31 Birth Rate2002 43.0 28.5 68.3 83.41990 59.9 42.5 116.2 100.3

% change -28 -33 -41 -17

Total White

Non-Hispanic

Black Hispanic

Teen births and birth rates by race and Hispanic origin of mother:

United States, 1990 and 2002


1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 200010

100

Rat

e pe

r 1,

000

wom

en a

g ed

15- 1

7

Pregnancy rate

Birth Rate

Abortion Rate

NOTE: Rates are plotted on a log scale.

80--

60--

40--

20--

2002

Pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates Pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates for teenagers 15-17, United States for teenagers 15-17, United States


1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 200020

200

Rat

e pe

r 1,

000

wom

e n a

ged

1 8-1

9

40

60

80

100

140

NOTE: Rates are plotted on a log scale.

Abortion rate

Birth rate

Pregnancy rate

2002

Pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates Pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates for teenagers 18-19, United Statesfor teenagers 18-19, United States


1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Pe

rce

nt

un

ma

r rie

d

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600Births per 1,000 unmarried women Births in 1000's

Percent

Birthrate

Numberof births

Number of births, birth rate, and percent of births to unmarried women, 1940-2002

2002Source: National Vital Statistics System, NCHS, CDC.

Percent of births to unmarried women by State, 2002


27.2

19.6

14.0

9.7

6.8

5.8

4.9

2.2

1.6

Non-Hispanic white

American Indian

Hawaiian

Filipino

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Non-Hispanic black

Mexican

Ctrl. & S. American

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

PercentSource: National Vital Statistics System, NCHS, CDC

Percent of mothers 15-17 years who smoked during pregnancy, 2002

1st trimester prenatal care by race 1st trimester prenatal care by race and Hispanic origin: U.S., 1990-2002and Hispanic origin: U.S., 1990-2002

50

60

70

80

90

100

1990 1995 2000

Per

cen

t

SOURCE: National Vital Statistics System, NCHS, CDC.

HispanicHispanic

Non-Hispanic blackNon-Hispanic black

Non-Hispanic whiteNon-Hispanic white

2002

All All racesraces

American IndianAmerican Indian

0

Total and primary cesarean rate and Total and primary cesarean rate and vaginal birth after previous cesarean vaginal birth after previous cesarean (VBAC) rate: U.S., 1989-2002(VBAC) rate: U.S., 1989-2002

0

10

20

30

1989 1994 1999

Per

cen

t

VBACVBAC

Primary cesareanPrimary cesarean

Total cesareanTotal cesarean

2002


Low birthweight and preterm birth Low birthweight and preterm birth rates: U.S., 1990, 2001 and 2002rates: U.S., 1990, 2001 and 2002

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1990 2001 2002 1990 2001 2002

Pe

rce

nt

PretermVery low birthweight / very preterm

Low birthweight

10.6

7.87.0

12.1

1.92 1.961.27 1.46

11.9

1.951.44

Note: Very low birthweight = <1,500 grams; Low birthweight = <2,500 grams. Very preterm = <37 weeks; preterm = <37 weeks.

7.7


Distribution of births by gestational age: Distribution of births by gestational age: U.S., 1990 and 2002U.S., 1990 and 2002

9% (8.68)Moderate preterm

2% Very preterm

48%>39 weeks

41%37-39 weeks

19901990 20022002

51%37-39 weeks

10% (10.14)Moderate preterm

2% Very preterm

37%>39 weeks


Number of multiples births:Number of multiples births:U.S., 1980-2002U.S., 1980-2002

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

110,000

120,000

130,000

140,000

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002

0


Twin birth rate for women 45-49 Twin birth rate for women 45-49 years of age: U.S., 1982-2002years of age: U.S., 1982-2002

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Per

cen

t


Triplet/+ birth rate: U.S., 1980-2002Triplet/+ birth rate: U.S., 1980-2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002

Rat

io p

er 1

00,0

00 li

ve b

irth

s

NOTE: Triplet/+ birth rate is the total number of live born infants in triplet+ deliveries per 1,000 live births. Triplet/+ includes births in greater than twin deliveries.


Mean birthweightMean birthweightby plurality: U.S., 2002by plurality: U.S., 2002

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Bir

thw

eig

ht 5.2 lb

3.7 lb

2.4 lb2.9 lb

7.4 lb

Singletons Twins Triplets Quad-ruplets

Quin-tuplets/+


High (and low) lights High (and low) lights of Births 2002of Births 2002

US crude birth rate lowest ever

Teen childbearing falls to another record low;

Teen pregnancy rates down sharply over last decade reflecting declines in births and abortions

1st birth rates for moms 30+ years continue to rise; Average age at 1st birth at all-time high 25.1 years

Non-marital births stable since mid 1990s

Smoking levels improve for all age groups; still one of every 8 teens smoked during pregnancy

The rate of cesarean delivery surges to the highest

ever reported – 26%

Preterm, LBW rates continue slow, steady climb

Twin birth rate up, but triplet/+ birth rate stable

Vital statistics birth dataVital statistics birth data

WWW.www.cdc.gov/nchs/births.htm

Documents

New Findings from the 2002 Birth File U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health