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New Feeding For New Species
Laurent Genet
SKRETTING
LAURENT GENETSkretting, Vietnam
‐ Laurent Genet is the senior Skretting executive in charge of Southeast Asia. ‐ Skretting is the world leader in high‐quality feed for farmed fish, with annual
production of approximately 1.4 mmt. Part of Nutreco, Skretting has companies on five continents that produce and deliver feeds from hatching to harvest for over 50 species of farmed fish.
‐ Genet recently moved to Vietnam to manage Skretting’s latest acquisition, Tomboy Ltd., the country’s fourth‐largest shrimp feed manufacturer.
‐ He has a background as a DVM in France and a 19‐year career in animal nutrition. Eight years were based in Indonesia, establishing and managing feed and premix businesses across the region.
New Feeding for New SpeciesDr L. GENETGOAL 2010Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
How to farm new species in a sustainable manner ?
Prerequisites for sustainable fish farming
• Domesticationlife cycle control and genetic selection
• Farming technologyrearing techniques adapted to environment
• Pest controlbiosecurity plans and availability of medicinal products
• Appropriate nutritionspecies specific
Aquaculture Feeds
• Specific feed must be adapted to every species’ nutritional requirements
• Specific feed must be adapted to every species’ feeding behaviour:– Size
– Shape
– Sinking / floating
– Dry / soft consistency
– …
TUNA FEED
BIG FEEDFOR
BIG FISH
A HOT ISSUE!
THE FEED BOTTLENECK REMAINS
TRASH FISH DRAWBACKS
• Traceability and sustainability very difficult / impossible to demonstrate
• No control on the nutritional profile of the feed, and possible unsatisfactory quality (e.g. rancidity)
• High risk of disease transmission to tuna• High environmental impact (waste)• Labour‐intensive handling of the feed• Economics: price volatility, frozen storage, logistics…
NEED FOR FORMULATED FEED!
AquaSoft Tuna
THE MATRIX TECHNOLOGY• The Matrix is an innovative technology to produce big, soft pellets on
farm, based on:– Extruded pellets, uniquely formulated for the relevant species at its stage
of development.– A “2‐component binder”, which, when water is added, reacts instantly
with specific raw materials in the pellet, and creates a matrix between the pellets themselves.
• The feed + binder is formulated to meet the nutritional specifications when proportion of binder is according to our recommendations.
• The Matrix technology produces a soft and palatable pellet with a natural “bite,” and enables the releasing of flavors and attractants. It holds the wet pellets together, ensuring that all feed is delivered to the fish, and none is lost to the environment. This cold technology also enables us to add heat‐labile components known for better fish health.
STEP 1: MIXING• Pellets, binder and
water are mixed in the right proportion
• After a few minutes mixing, the 2‐components binder reacts with pellet raw materials and a dough is formed
Water(sea)
Binder1 + 2
ExtrudedFeed
STEP 2: FORMING
• The dough is formed in big, soft pellets using a modified meat mincer
THE FINAL PRODUCT The mincer produces soft, big pellets:
– Moisture content around 30%
– Test productions successful with different sizes beween 15 and 60 mm
– Pellets can either be long or cut shorter
Standard feedFor comparison(moisture 10 %)
AQUASOFT TUNA• Application of Matrix technology to tuna feeding
• Formulation developed for demonstration trial– CP/CF 47/33 on a dry matter basis
– Marine raw materials
– Palatability enhancers/attractants
– Anti‐stress package
• Possibility to introduce a second formulation in the finishing period
ADVANTAGES OF AQUASOFT TUNA• Improved logistic
– AquaSoft can be supplied regularly from nearest Skretting feed factory, as any other fish feed
• Easy handling of the feed– Can apply the Matrix technology on the feeding boat– Possible to make feeding automated– Less volume to handle, > 90% dry matter in the AquaSoft prior to adding
water – No need for costly frozen storage, and no energy cost of keeping trash fish
frozen• Full control over the nutrients (vitamins, minerals, fat level…), and no
problems with degradation of feed quality, like rancidity• Can add medication, or micronutrients, or palatability enhancers• No disease transmission to tuna or environment from raw fish• Reduced environmental impact• Raw materials with full traceability• Raw materials from sustainable fisheries
UPSCALINGSkretting already working on upscale, in order to provide for next season:
– Full range of formulations (weaning, fattening, finishing…)
– Recommendations for production and feed delivery equipments
AQUASOFT TUNA IN THE FIELD: SUCCESSFUL TRIALS IN AUSTRALIA, JAPAN
HOW TO DESIGNSUSTAINABLE DIETS
FORNEW FARMED SPECIES ?
STEP # 1: what do fishes need ?
1. Research with focus on nutrient requirements
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.54.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Total dietary P (%)
Who
le b
ody
ash
(% D
M)
Whole body ash
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Total dietary P (%)W
hole
bod
yP
(% D
M)
Whole body phosphorus
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.54.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Total dietary P (%)
Who
le b
ody
ash
(% D
M)
Whole body ash
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Total dietary P (%)W
hole
bod
yP
(% D
M)
Whole body phosphorus
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.54.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Total dietary P (%)
Who
le b
ody
ash
(% D
M)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.54.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Total dietary P (%)
Who
le b
ody
ash
(% D
M)
Whole body ash
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Total dietary P (%)W
hole
bod
yP
(% D
M)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Total dietary P (%)W
hole
bod
yP
(% D
M)
Whole body phosphorus
Protein, Fat, Fiber, Starch, Amino Acids, Ca, P, NaCl,…
STEP # 2: raw materials assessment
1. Research with focus on nutrient requirements
2. Research with focus on nutritional value of raw materials
• Over 500 raw materials tested for composition and digestibility• Effect of anti-nutritional factors on fish performance• Determination of max inclusion levels of raw materials• Assess potential food safety risks and process functionality
Fish meal, Fish oil, Soya bean meal, Wheat flour… X 500 ++
Looking for good quality, safe, sustainable and affordable raw materials:
Fish meal and fish oil replacement to increase flexibility in raw material use
• A more economic feed →To help us cope with fluctuations in raw material prices
• A more sustainable feed→Critical for a growing industry with limited supply of marine raw materials
Challenges in Fish Nutrition
Replacement of fish meal and fish oil has been the main focus in fish nutrition research for the last 15 years.
Atlantic salmon (1.7-3.0 kg)Growth from 30% down to 15% fishmeal (summer conditions)
STEP # 1 + STEP # 2 NOT ALWAYS SUFFICIENT…
0,30
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,00
FM 30 FM 25 FM 20 FM 15
Gro
wth
(SG
R; %
/d)
Fishmeal substitution protein to protein no addition of active micro-ingredients
STEP # 3
MicroBalance™
Physiology / Metabolismand Nutrition
1. Research with focus on nutrient requirements
2. Research with focus on nutritional value of raw materials
More than 500 raw materials tested for composition and digestibiity3. Research with focus on physiology (metabolism)
micro nutrients
Metabolic pathways: exploring biochemical exchanges and interactions at cells and organs level
Metabolic Profiling: 238 analytes(160 metabolites)
• Arginine
• Aspartate
• Cortisol
• ATP
• Cysteine
• Lactate
• Glutamate
• Vitamin C
• .....
Potential effect of micronutrients?
Health Parameters
Make sure that no unwanted effects are observed on fish health, immunity… with advanced diets.
Flesh quality parameters must be optimal
• Sensory evaluation – No difference
• Pigment and colour – No difference
• Fillet fat – No difference
• Texture – No difference
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0Own smell
foreign smell
Fresh oil smell
Protein precipitation
Colour consistency
Discolouration
Metallic taste
Acidic tasteOwn tasteForeign taste
Rancid taste
Oil taste
Bitterness
Chewiness
Consistency
Juiciness
Stickiness
High fish meal Low F ish meal + MB
MicroBalanceTM• Today, fishmeal can be safely reduced to 15% in diets for
Atlantic salmon, without affecting performance, health or quality of the final product.
• This can be achieved by substitution with good quality raw materials, combined with the use of active micro‐ingredients (MicroBalanceTM). Micronutrients proven to
be active, safe and easily available, taken into account in feed formulation, brought by specific raw-materials
0,5
0,55
0,6
0,65
0,7
0,75
0,8
0,85
0,9
30% FM 15% FM 15% + MB
Gro
wth
(SG
R, %
/d)
Confirmation Studies (with MicroBalanceTM)Atlantic Salmon (2.6 – 4.7 kg)
Equal growth with MicroBalance™
Other species….Similar trials are ongoing or in the planningphase with other aqua species to assess thepotential of MicroBalanceTM to furtherreduce fish meal levels.
New focuses in Skretting
Skretting delivers outstanding nutrition and services to fish farmers worldwide for the sustainable production of healthy and delicious fish (soon shrimp...).