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Regionalism in Asia-Pacific / East AsiaPolitical & Security Dimension
1) April 13 Overview and Introduction: What is Regionalism?
2) April 20 Regionalism & Regional Integration
3) April 27 Regionalism in Asia
4) May 11 East Asian Community and East Asian Summit
5) May 18 New Dynamics of Security in East Asia
Introduction: Understanding Asia-Pacific Security
Security Environment in Asia-Pacific European Theater and Asia Pacific Theater
Impact of the End of Cold War Strategic Circumstances US Engagement Rise of Multilateral Security Prevailing Double Track Approach
New Dynamics of Security in East Asia Strategic Circumstances US Strategy and Engagement in East Asia Japan-US Alliance / Korea-US Alliance Renovated Cooperative Security: Multi-Layered Cooperation Ad-hoc Functional Mechanisms
Warsaw PactWarsaw PactWarsaw PactWarsaw PactNATONATONATONATO
European Theater and Asia-Pacific TheaterEuropean Theater and Asia-Pacific Theater(During the Cold War)(During the Cold War)
Bilateral (Hub-Bilateral (Hub-Spokes) AlliancesSpokes) Alliances
Bilateral (Hub-Bilateral (Hub-Spokes) AlliancesSpokes) Alliances
European TheaterEuropean Theater
(Regional (Regional Approach)Approach)
European TheaterEuropean Theater
(Regional (Regional Approach)Approach)
Asian TheaterAsian Theater
(Bilateral Approach)(Bilateral Approach)
Asian TheaterAsian Theater
(Bilateral Approach)(Bilateral Approach)
Impact of the End of the Cold WarFour Dimension
In Europe… Dissolution of Warsaw Pact NATO Expansion European Security & Defense Policy (ESDP)
⇒ In Asia, Hub-Spokes Remain the Same! But …
Four Dimension Strategic Circumstances US Engagement Rise of Multilateral Security Prevailing Double Track Approach
Declining of Large Scale Threat Demise of East-West Confrontation Transformation of USSR
Rising Regional Agenda Korean Nuclear Crisis (1993-94) Taiwan Straits Tensions (1996)
End of the Cold War 1)
Strategic Circumstances
End of the Cold War 2)
US Military Engagement
Bush Sr. Administration (1989-1993) East Asian Strategic Initiative (EASI) > Force Reduction Plan
Clinton Administration (1993-2000) East Asian Strategic Report I (EASR I,
1995) > US-Japan Alliance East Asian Strategic Report II (EASR II,
1998) > Comprehensive Engagement
End of the Cold War 3)
Rise of Multilateral Security
Track-I Framework ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF <1994-present>)
Track-II Dialogues Council for Security Cooperation
in Asia Pacific (CSCAP) Northeast Asian Cooperation
Dialogue (NEACD)
US East Asian Regional SecurityEASI-I (1990)
US Department of Defense, A Strategic Framework for the Asian Pacific Rim: Looking toward the 21st Century. April 19, 1990.
“Our friends and allies in East Asia are reluctant to enter into multilateral consultation on security concern for a variety of reasons. Foremost is the wide cultural, political and economic diversity among most of the Asian states which makes bilateral security arrangements much more appropriate”
―February 1990
US East Asian Regional SecurityEASR (1995)
US Department of Defense, The United States Security Strategy for East Asia-Pacific Region, February 1995
“Some in the United States have been reluctant to enter into regional security dialogues in Asia, but I see this as a way to supplement our alliances and forward military presence, not to supplant them”
―February 1995
Prevailing “Double Track Approach” (1995-2001?)
Alliance Mechanism
Deterrence/Response
CBM / Preventive Diplomacy
Cooperative SecurityUS-Japan Security AllianceUS-Korea Security Alliance
ARF
Korean PeninsulaTaiwan Straits
New Dynamics of Security in East Asia (2001-Present)
Strategic Circumstances
US Strategy and Engagement in East Asia
Japan-US Alliance / Korea-US Alliance Renovated
Cooperative Security: Multi-Layered Cooperation
Ad-hoc Functional Mechanisms
New Dynamics of Security in East Asia 1)
Strategic Circumstances
Rise of Asymmetrical Warfare Terrorist Networks Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
Lingering Traditional Risks Reloaded Korean Nuclear Crisis (2002-present) Taiwan Straits
Rise of China Rising Military Capability “Responsible Stakeholder”? (Robert Zoellick)
Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) 2001/05 Capability-Based Approach Static to Dynamic Defense Posture
Transformation of US Military and the Global Posture Review (GPR)
Reducing Size of US Forces Increase US Military Capability Enable Rapid Power Projection Regional-Global Forward Presence
New Dynamics of Security in East Asia 2)
US Strategy and Engagement in East Asia
Japan-US Alliance: Toward ‘Global Alliance’ “Common Strategic Objective” on Regional /
Global Context Roles, Missions and Capabilities (RMC)
Sharing Relocation of US Bases in Japan
Korea-US Alliance: Constraint Transformation
Future of Alliance Initiatives > FOTA > SPI Reduction of 12,500 US Troops from DMZ
“Cooperative Autonomous Defense”
New Dynamics of Security in East Asia 3)
Japan-US Alliance / Korea-US Alliance Renovated
Region-wide Security Mechanisms ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Shangri-la Dialogue
Sub-Regional Security Mechanisms Six-Party Talks Shanghai Cooperation Organization
(SCO) Various Types of Military Exercises
New Dynamics of Security in East Asia 4)
Cooperative Security: Multi-Layered Cooperation
Counter- / Anti- Terrorism Cooperation
Proliferation Security Initiatives (PSI) Trafficking Controls / Information Sharing
Non-Traditional Security Cooperation SARS / Aviation Flu Anti-Piracy Cooperation Transnational Organized Crimes
New Dynamics of Security in East Asia 4)
Ad-hoc Functional Mechanisms
Members
Functions
Inclusive / Regional( Geographical
Cooperation)
Exclusive / Functional( Regional Security
Complex)
ForcefulCompetitive
(Deterrence/Response)
(Collective Security)
Japan-US Alliance
Korea-US Alliance
UnforcefulCooperative
( CBM / PD )
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
Shangri-la Dialogue
Proliferation Security Initiative
Anti-Terrorism Cooperation
Non-Traditional Security
New Dynamics of Security in East Asia