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October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

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Page 1: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

October, 2014

New criteria for the

acceptance of pharmaceutical

trade marks in Brazil

Jacques Labrunie

Page 2: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

GENERAL INFORMATION ON BRAZIL

• Area: 8.514.876,599 km²

• Population: 190.732.694 (Censo 2010 –

IBGE)

• 54% of the population take

pharmaceutical drugs regularly

(ICTQ/Datafolha )

• 2013: 4,2% of Brazil’s GDP

invested in health care – requests to

increase to 9%

• 2013: pharma-related revenues went

up 16% (IMS Health)

• Approximately 33,9 % of the costs of

pharmaceutical drugs are taxes

(average of 6,3% worldwide)

• The pharmaceutical industry in Brazil generates around 75.000 direct jobs, 500.000 indirect

jobs and an annual revenue of 18 billion reais (approximately 8 billion dollars) (ICTQ/Datafolha)

Page 3: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

GENERAL ASPECTS OF PHARMA TRADEMARKS IN BRAZIL

Registration of Trademarks in Brazil:

Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office (BPTO);

Regulatory requirement:

National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA)

-Recordation of pharmaceutical products

-Checking of trademarks to avoid likelihood of confusion, based on graphic

and phonetic similarities

DECISION PROCEDURE OF BOTH AUTHORITIES ARE, FROM A LEGAL

PERSPECTIVE, ABSOLUTELY INDEPENDENT

A trademark registration might be granted by the BPTO without ANVISA’s

approval/recordation and vice-versa

Impacts in cancellation actions for non-use

COHERENCE of criteria applied by such authorities is an issue in Brazil

*Explicar: a atual regulação ainda é feita pela RDC nº 333 de 19/11/03, embora

tenha havido derrogação de boa parte dela pela RDC 71/2009, que versa sobre

rotulagem de medicamentos

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GENERAL ASPECTS OF PHARMA TRADEMARKS IN BRAZIL

ANVISA Regulations: Director’s Collegiate Resolution (RDC)

RDC 333, of Nov 19, 2003 is still in force → criticized by trademark owners and IP

professionals: “3 letters criteria” to analyze any potential trademark conflict

RDC 71/2009 regarding labelling of pharmaceutical products maintained such criteria

In 2010, ANVISA submitted the draft of a new resolution to the public (“Consulta Pública”

72/2010) and many pharma associations, trademark owners and IP groups were allowed to

suggest amendments

May 2013: new draft published by ANVISA incorporating some of the suggestions

September 2013: at a public hearing, ANVISA mentioned that the draft might still be

subject to technical revision

Possible new resolution to be issued soon

IP Law RDC 333 RDC 71 RDC ?

1996 2003 2009 2014

“Consulta

Pública 72”

2010

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RDC 333/2003 CRITERIA – THE 3 LETTERS

ANVISA’s Resolution currently in force allows coexistence of trademarks from

different owners if at least 3 letters of the signal are different …

Based on ANVISA’s 3 letters criteria, hypothetically the following trademarks could exist:

NEOSALDINA x NEOSAUTIMA

BUT, from a trademark perspective, under Brazilian Industrial Property Law (9,279/96),

they could not coexist (due to an undeniable phonetic resemblance)

… on the other hand, ANVISA would deny recordation for a product with 2

different letters that, from a trademark perspective, could coexist. E.g.:

ALLEGRA x ALLPEGA

3.4. da RDC 333 – “Pode ser utilizado nome assemelhado a outro já registrado desde que se

diferencie por no mínimo 3 letras distintas, presentes ou ausentes, limitando a probabilidade

de haver confusão na escrita para resguardar a identidade do produto realmente prescrito”.

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Consulta Pública 72/2010 - Consolidated draft of May 2013

Main goal: mitigate or eliminate the possibility of misinterpretation, error or

confusion by consumers regarding the origin, composition or quality of

medicines.

*Art. 2º Esta Resolução apresenta os critérios para a formação dos nomes comerciais dos medicamentos, visando mitigar ou eliminar a

possibilidade de interpretação falsa, erro ou confusão quanto à origem, procedência, natureza, composição ou qualidade destes produtos

farmacêuticos.

The Resolution rules are applicable to all pharmaceutical products subject to

registration, except for generic and immunotherapeutic drugs*.

*Art. 3º Este Regulamento se aplica a todos os medicamentos sujeitos ao registro ou notificação simplificada, excetuando-se os

medicamentos genéricos e imunoterápicos.

*As per Law 6,330/76 and Law 6,480/77, immunotherapeutic drugs cannot bear

trademarks:

Art. 15 (4) of TRIPS Agreement: the nature of the good shall not be an obstacle …

Bill of law 6,745/2010 currently under discussion before Brazilian House of Representatives:

vaccins would be allowed to bear trademarks

Page 7: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

Consulta Pública 72/2010 - Consolidated draft of May 2013

Absence of clear definitions for “products”, “health risk”, among others: the

content of some rules might be endangered by unclear concepts and subjective

interpretation…

Ex.: ANVISA may require, at any time, the change of the trademark through an

administrative procedure when, in its belief, there is any health risk to the

population due to misinterpretation, error or confusion.

*Art. 17. A Anvisa poderá, a qualquer tempo, exigir a alteração do nome comercial quando identificada a

possibilidade de interpretação falsa, erro ou confusão quanto à origem, procedência, natureza, composição ou

qualidade destes produtos decorrente dos nomes comerciais utilizados com claro risco sanitário à população,

mediante o devido processo administrativo com este objetivo específico.

Article 13 of the new draft: the registration of a trademark or any other

intellectual property right by the competent authority (BPTO) DOES NOT

imply any automatic right of acceptance for recordation before ANVISA

On the other hand, risk of confusion between conflicting trademarks should be

analyzed exclusively by the BPTO

Page 8: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

FAMILIES OF DRUGS

Drugs with similar composition* and same therapeutic effects may be grouped

under the same trademark if a complement word is added to distinguish one

product from the other:

*Art. 5º Os medicamentos com composição assemelhada e indicações terapêuticas comuns ou essencialmente iguais

poderão ser agrupados em famílias, compartilhando um nome comercial comum e adotando complementos

diferenciais que os distingam.

• *Similar composition is characterized by the presence of at least one common

pharmacological agent

→ Is the requirement of similar composition really important to avoid likelihood

of confusion by the consumer?

If the complement is a differential word and the therapeutic effect is the same

(i.e., a medicine to relief pain) the use of the same trademark should be allowed.

Trademark + Complement

Page 9: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

FAMILIES OF DRUGS

→ Exception: when the composition is different as a consequence of replacement

of one of the following components - aspirin, paracetamol, ibuprofen or dipyrone

– by the other, the use of the same trademark is not allowed.

*Art. 5º §3º Os medicamentos cuja composição se diferencie de outros produtos farmacêuticos apenas pela

substituição entre os fármacos ácido acetilsalicílico, paracetamol, ibuprofeno ou dipirona não poderão integrar

uma mesma família

Is there real risk to the consumer ?

The substitution of such a well-known trademark would not bring a higher

risk?

Page 10: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

NEW CRITERIA FOR TRADEMARKS

Preferably composed by just one word and pronunciation in

Portuguese shall correspond to its graphic form

*Art. 6º O nome comercial de medicamento deve, preferencialmente, ser composto por uma única

palavra e sua pronúncia pretendida no idioma português deve guardar relação direta com sua grafia.

It shall be sufficiently distinctive in relation to drugs, food and/or

cosmetic products already recorded*

*Art. 6º §1º O nome comercial deve guardar suficiente distinção gráfica e fonética em relação às

designações de outros medicamentos, alimentos ou cosméticos já registrados.

* ANVISA should have proper apparatus/softwares to proceed with such

graphic and phonetic analysis

Trademarks related to drugs not sold under medical prescription can

evoke the respective therapeutic indication approved by ANVISA;

*Art; 6º, §2º O nome comercial de medicamentos isentos de prescrição médica poderá evocar a indicação

terapêutica principal aprovada.

§3º Quando a inclusão ou substituição de um fármaco em dado medicamento, mesmo este não sendo um

identificador, resultar em mudança de categoria de venda para “sob prescrição médica”, este produto

farmacêutico deverá adotar nome comercial distinto.

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NEW CRITERIA FOR TRADEMARKS

Complement words may be used to indicate different applications,

consumer target, pharmaceutical form, among others, upon justified

request

*Art. 6º, §4º Poderão ser utilizados complementos diferenciais para distinção de vias de

administração, forma farmacêutica, população-alvo, absorção ou ainda outras situações, mediante

justificativa fundamentada da empresa

Page 12: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

NEW CRITERIA FOR TRADEMARKS

Specific rules for vitamins, minerals or amino acids and phytotherapic

medicines – possibility of use of the popular or scientific name,

accompanied by the company’s name, followed by the botanical

denomination

*Art. 7º As vitaminas, minerais ou aminoácidos, isolados ou associados entre si, poderão adotar, para

seus componentes, os sinônimos usuais utilizados na literatura técnica, desde que não exista

controvérsia quanto a sua identidade.

Art. 8º Os medicamentos fitoterápicos poderão adotar o nome popular, científico ou sinônimo usual

na literatura técnica como nome comercial, desde que não exista controvérsia quanto a sua identidade,

acrescido do nome da empresa e seguido da nomenclatura botânica (gênero e espécie).

Official laboratories are authorized to adopt their own name or

acronym with the trademark of the drug;

*Art. 9º Os laboratórios oficiais podem adotar o próprio nome ou sigla característica

junto ao nome comercial do medicamento ou designação genérica.

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RESTRICTIONS: pharma trademarks shall NOT contain

Generic suffixes and prefixes whether or not* for the respective chemical class *Art. 12. O nome comercial e o complemento diferencial não poderão empregar:

I – os prefixos ou sufixos da denominação genérica característicos das diferentes classes químicas de fármacos, ainda

que em posição distinta da usualmente recomendada, dentro da própria classe química ou não;

* Use should be allowed if relating to drugs of the respective chemical class!!!

Arabic/roman algarisms, isolated letters or meaningless combination of letters III – algarismos arábicos ou romanos, inclusive por extenso;

IV – abreviaturas, letras isoladas ou sequências aleatórias de letras sem significado evidente ao consumidor;

Trademarks of drugs no longer in commerce due to safety reasons V – nomes comerciais de medicamentos outrora comercializados, que tiveram registro cancelado por motivo de

segurança ou eficácia, para novo medicamento com composição ou indicação terapêutica distintas da anterior;

Misleading signs which do not correspond to the pharmaceutical form /

composition / therapeutic effect of the respective drug

VI – designações que não correspondam à forma farmacêutica do produto em questão;

VII – designação de substância que não faça parte da composição do produto ou não contribua para sua ação

terapêutica;

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RESTRICTIONS

Words or expressions that may lead to the understanding that the drug is

harmless, natural, free of side effects, or is superior in quality and/or effect

and special properties not proven, or that may lead to self-medication;

*Art. 12. O nome comercial e o complemento diferencial não poderão empregar:

VIII – palavras ou expressões que possam induzir ao entendimento de que o medicamento seja inócuo,

natural, isento ou com reduzidos efeitos colaterais, ou possua potência e qualidade superiores, propriedades

especiais não comprovadas, ou ainda que possam induzir à automedicação; ou

“Puffing” words that are likely to emphasize a therapeutic effect without the

respective clinical study / evidence

IX – palavras ou expressões que valorizem uma ação terapêutica, sem comprovação mediante estudos

clínicos, e possam induzir o consumidor a entender que tal medicamento teria efeito terapêutico superior a

outro medicamento de igual composição.

Page 15: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

CRITERIA FOR COMPLEMENT/ADDITIONAL WORDS

Shall distinguish a product from another registered drug of the same company

within a family of drugs.

*Art. 14. Os complementos dos nomes comerciais devem ser utilizados com o objetivo de distinguir um dado

produto farmacêutico de outro de composição assemelhada já registrado pela mesma empresa, dentro de uma

família de medicamentos.

There is no exclusiveness on a complement/additional word

*§ 1º Nenhuma empresa poderá requerer exclusividade de uso de qualquer complemento diferencial.

Companies shall avoid filing applications for trademarks containing an

additional/complement word

*§ 2º As empresas deverão evitar solicitar registro de marca sobre as designações empregadas como complemento

diferencial.

The company must provide justification regarding the use of a complement word

*§ 4º A empresa interessada deverá, ao propor a utilização de um determinado complemento diferencial, justificar

tecnicamente seu pleito, destacando como ele ajudará na distinção entre os produtos farmacêuticos de uma mesma

família ou outros de denominação assemelhada.

Page 16: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

OTHER RULES

Merger of companies and change of ownership: the

successor shall maintain a single record for the same composition,

canceling others.

*Art. 15. Quando a fusão ou a incorporação de empresas resultar na alteração de titularidade de registros sanitários da mesma

categoria, e quando ocasionar sua duplicidade, a empresa sucessora deverá manter um único registro por composição igual,

cancelando os demais.

It is the company’s responsibility to check the availability of a

trademark based on the criteria and conditions provided under

ANVISA’s new Resolution and on the existing drugs for the same or

similar therapeutic category.

*Art. 16. É responsabilidade da empresa proceder à avaliação do nome comercial pretendido diante dos critérios apresentados

nesta Resolução, bem como à comparação com outros medicamentos da mesma categoria terapêutica ou outras categorias afinas

antes da submissão da proposta, garantindo a não colidência do nome proposto com outros já registrados.

Page 17: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

OTHER RULES

Conflict of trademarks: the owner of the most recent record has a

period of 90 days to change the name.

*Art. 19. Comprovada a colidência entre nomes comerciais de medicamentos de empresas distintas, ou de

medicamentos da mesma empresa que não preencham os requisitos para sua inclusão em uma determinada

família, a empresa titular do registro sanitário mais recente deverá proceder à modificação do nome colidente no

prazo de 90 (noventa) dias, contado da publicação no Diário Oficial da União do respectivo despacho.

Parágrafo único. O não atendimento do disposto no caput deste artigo enseja o cancelamento do registro do

medicamento em questão.

Page 18: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

Brazilian legal system has no provision expressly conferring protection to

the overall appearance of a product. However, pharmaceutical's packaging and

shapes are protected in Brazil under:

Unfair competition law:

The similarity of trade dress is likely to mislead consumers;

The dilution of the attractive power of this visual element;

Trademark law: pharmaceutical trade dress can be registered as

trademark (composite or three-dimensional) before the BPTO.

Regulatory law (ANVISA’s RDC 71/09)

Page 19: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

Brazilian courts have handled numerous trade dress cases involving

pharmaceuticals, especially after the law regulating the commercialization of

generic drugs took effect (1999);

Some generic manufacturers have adopted a more aggressive position

towards the imitation of reference medication’s trade dress

Page 20: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

Example: medicine Dorflex

Sanofi sells the medicine Dorflex in the following packaging:

EMS started selling its generic drug using the following packages:

Page 21: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

However, EMS announced the launching of a new package for its generic

drug very similar to the Dorflex:

Page 22: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

Arguments:

The use of similar packaging is not prohibited by the law that established

generic drugs in Brazil (Law 9787/99);

vs

Such law does not authorize the imitation of packaging!

The similarity would help consumer to identify the generic drugs.

vs

The similarity would indeed mislead consumers and induce to error!

Page 23: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

• Court’s decision:

“The Law 6.360/76 and the Law 9.787/99 regulate the health surveillance

and establish rules regarding generic drugs and the use of generic names

in pharmaceuticals. They did not abolish the rules of the Brazil Industrial

Property Law (Law 9.279/96) .

(...) The sale of generic drugs shall not be confused with the use of a

packaging very similar to the reference product”.

(Bill of Review nº 2007.002.11032, TJRJ - Court of Appeals of the State

of Rio de Janeiro, President and Reporting Judge Des. Camilo Ribeiro

Rulière – 08.05.2007)

Page 24: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

Page 25: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

• Court’s decision in the case Clonasten x Canesten

Injunction granted and confirmed by TJSP (Court of Appeals of the State of

São Paulo) due to the proximity between the trademarks and the packaging;

“(…) The same applies with respect to the packaging, both internal, and

external, once adopted the same color and the same graphic type having

the same thickness and size. (...) The similarity is evident (…) and

demonstrates the intention to make known its product through the

claimant’s product attributes, which is longer manufactured and previously

released in the same market (...). In summary, the similarities observed are

capable of inducing the consumer to buy the defendant’s product, thinking

that it is acquiring the product of the claimant”.

Page 26: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

TRADE DRESS PROTECTION FOR

PHARMACEUTICALS IN BRAZIL

Other examples:

Page 27: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

QUESTIONS?

Page 28: New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade ... · October, 2014 New criteria for the acceptance of pharmaceutical trade marks in Brazil Jacques Labrunie

Thank you for your

attention!

Jacques Labrunie

[email protected]