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New business Council (JCTA)in
Japan
FAO-IGG pre-Meeting
July18th and 19th ,2011
Mombasa,Kenya
Update Japanese Tea Safety
Ministry of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries
How to use agricultural chemicals
at tea gardens
Data base of used agricultural chemicals
in production Countries
Regulation of agricultural chemicals
HACCP/GAP
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
To confirm residue level by suitable analysis methods
Global MRL
Optimum Managementfor food safety
Legalities1. Permitted crop2. Spray timing3. Frequency4. Amount and standard Dilution
1.Health center inspection for domestic foods2.Quarantine station inspection for imported foods
Key activities of Japanese GovernmentKey activities of Japanese GovernmentFor MRL managementFor MRL management
Adobe Acrobat Document
• “MACCHA” which is powdered green tea is used for Japanese tea ceremony. It is mixed with hot water and taken itself. As green tea was taken after brewing, it was isolated from “MACCHA”.
• As It is popular to take green tea itself these days by mixing in other foods, new methods are not required to set infusion preparation for analysis.
• Therefore analysis methods were set for “MACCHA” and “another tea” when Food Sanitation Low was effective in 1947.
Infusion ⇒ Drinks Solvent extract ⇒ Directly intake
Background of infusionBackground of infusion
Analytical Method for Analytical Method for Maximum Residue Levels (MRL)Maximum Residue Levels (MRL)
Japanese official analysis methods for agricultural products announced by Ministry of Health,Labor and Welfare
• Multi analysis
One GC/MS and Two LC/MS
• Individual analysis
248 analysisMicrosoft Excel
Worksheet
http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/pages/MRLs-p
144 pesticides (Individual Method)
Solvent extraction Tea infusion
71 73
144 pesticides (Individual Method)
Solvent extraction Tea infusion
71 73
Analytical methodsAnalytical methods
Method and No. of pesticides
Regulatory Std. Solvent extraction Tea infusion
Individual Methods 208 40
Multi Methods 3 0
Method and No. of pesticides
Regulatory Std. Solvent extraction Tea infusion
Individual Methods 208 40
Multi Methods 3 0
Provisional MRLs in the Japanese Positive List System
Enforcement from 2006
Investigating to develop multi-residue methods with
GC/MS, LC/MS and LC/MS/MS
LC/MS/MS system being improved for analysis of
tea samples.
Provisional MRLs in the Japanese Positive List System
Enforcement from 2006
Investigating to develop multi-residue methods with
GC/MS, LC/MS and LC/MS/MS
LC/MS/MS system being improved for analysis of
tea samples.
ICOS 2004ICOS 2004Yoshio YusaResearch & Development DepartmentKumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Yoshio YusaResearch & Development DepartmentKumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
MHLW 2009MHLW 2009
Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation
http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/pages/MRLs-p
Foods in which any agricultural chemical residues (including pesticides, feed additives, and veterinary drugs) are found in excess of the level determined by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare (Uniform Limit:0.01ppm) shall not be produced, imported, processed, used, cooked, or stored for sale, or sold, provided, however, that the foregoing provision shall not be applied to the case where the residue limit levels of chemical substances are stipulated in compositional specification for foods (MRLs:following web) separately.
(1) Tea MRLhttp://www.m5.ws001.squarestart.ne.jp/foundation/fooddtl.php?f_inq=13200(2) List of chemicals of which MRL is "Not Detected"http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/pages/MRLs-p-ND(3) Exempted Substanceshttp://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/pages/MRLs-p-ES
All agricultural chemicals MRL= 0.01ppm
MRL set for tea(1) MRL =“not detected”(2)Exempted substance(3)
Used items in tea production countries
Key Information for
analysis
All agricultural chemicals have standard such
as MRL
Japanese Positive List system for MRLJapanese Positive List system for MRL
Outline of Import Inspection SystemOutline of Import Inspection SystemBy Quarantine Station of JapanBy Quarantine Station of Japan
High
Low
Prob
ability of violation
Comprehensive import prohibition
Imperative inspection(100%)
Administrative inspection(Strengthened monitoring 30%)
Administrative Inspection(monitoring inspection <10%)
One violation
One violation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Taiwan Btomopropyrate
China Triazophos
India Hexaconazol
India Quinalphos
Violation of positive list MRLs for tea Quarantine Report from June,2006 to March,2011
Production countries effort made Violation number decreased year by year
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
India Quinalphos 1 0 0 1 1 0Hexaconazol 0 0 0 1 0 0
China Triazophos 16 18 5 1 3 3Taiwan Btomopropyrate 5 13 5 0 0 0
22 31 10 3 4 3
Review and Reviation of MRLFood Safety Committee
314 subjects were reviewed from 2006
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Year Month Agricultural Chemicals MRL2011 5 IMIBENCONAZOLE 15
3 ACEQUINOCYL 402010 12 AZOXYSTROBIN 10
8 ACETAMIPRID 304 OXAZICLOMEFONE 0.012 CUMYLURON 0.01
2009 12 1-NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID 0.0111 AMITRAZ 0.019 CHLORANTRANILIPROLE 505 SILAFLUOFEN 35
2008 12 CARPROPAMID 0.0110 CHROMAFENOZIDE 206 CARPROPAMID 0.013 AZOXYSTROBIN 102 CUMYLURON 0.01
2007 10 CYFLUMETOFEN 209 AZOXYSTROBIN 105 NITROFURAZONE ND2 FLUBENDIAMIDE 401 DINOTEFURAN 25
2006 10 FLONICAMID 40
Authorized Tea MRLs
Situation of Japan after Disaster11th March 2011
Hydrogen explosions scattered radio active substances in the air!
Radio active substances from Fukushima NPP
• 11th March : Massive Earth quake & Tsunami attacked North East Japan
• 12th March : Fukushima Daiichi NPP Unit 1 Hydrogen Explosion
• 14th March : Fukushima Daiichi NPP Unit 3 Hydrogen Explosion
• 15th &16th March : Fukushima Daiichi NPP Unit 4 got fire • 4th – 10th April : Put out contaminated water into the ocean• Radio active substances have been emitted into the air
from Unit 1 & 3, and will not stop for the time being.• So, how much radio active substances are falling down on
our tea gardens in Japan?
Major tea producing areas in Japan
Distance between Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant to Shizuoka is 350Km
Kyoto is more than 500Km away from the site.
Environmental radiation surveillance (falling substances during regular period)
• Everyday, all prefecture report total amount of radio active substances falling on land to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology.
• These data are available from the internet web sites.
Analytical ProcessAnalytical ProcessCs-137 and I-131
Analysis EquipmentAnalysis EquipmentCs-137 and I-131
Daily Radiation peak (μSv/h)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
13-M
ar
15-M
ar
17-M
ar
19-M
ar
21-M
ar
23-M
ar
25-M
ar
27-M
ar
29-M
ar
31-M
ar
2-Apr
4-Apr
6-Apr
8-Apr
10-A
pr
12-A
pr
14-A
pr
16-A
pr
18-A
pr
20-A
pr
22-A
pr
24-A
pr
μSv/
h
Fukushima
Shinjuku(Tokyo)
Shizuoka
Highest peak
Fukushima 24.24μSv/h
Shinjuku 0.161μSv/h
Shizuoka 0.0887μSv/h
Annual Radiation
0.88
3
1
9.6
2.2
3.8 4.38
10.5
1.26
4.1
1.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
mS
v/Y
Front line shows average annual radiation, and back taller data shows highest record.Data of Shinjuku and Shizuoka are estimation for 2011 annual radiation, calculated from the last one month data and average annual data.