New Battery Technology

What every installer (and customer) should know

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ESS and “old” VRLA battery technology

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• DOD vs. SOC • Daily DOD vs. autonomy (days of back-up) DOD • 20% DOD = 3000 cycles = 8.2 years – great for off-grid • 50% DOD = 1000 cycles = 2.7 years - not so great for on-grid storage

AGM

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20% DOD = 4000 cycles = 10.9 years - great for off-grid application 50% DOD = 1500 cycles = 4.1 years – not so great for on-grid storage

ESS and “old” VRLA battery technology

GEL

VRLA batteries on the market in ESS

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Lithium

6000 cycles = 16.4 years

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Technology comparison

9 Source: GSES

ESS with Lithium

BRAND BATTERY BRAND

TECHNOLOGY COUNTRY of ORIGIN

Bosch SAFT Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide

France

SMA LG Chem Lithium-Ion Polymer

Korea

Samsung Samsung Lithium Manganese Oxide

Korea

SONY SONY Lithium Iron Phosphate

Japan

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Tesla Panasonic Lithium Ion “new technology”

Japan, US in 2016

Tesla sold-out of Powerwall battery for

2016

Tesla executives have told investment analysts that they are “basically sold out” of the 2016 production of the residential Powerwall battery pack and the commercial/utility scale Powerpack battery system according to a report in PV Tech. The company has also confirmed that production of its stationary energy battery systems had already begun and construction of their huge battery manufacturing facility known as the ‘Gigafactory’ was “on track”.

Reservations for these battery packs was more than US$1 billion already, Tesla Chief Executive Elon Musk said, with more than 100,000 reservations.

Source: Tristan Edis – Climate Spectator 10/8/15

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Tesla prioritises Australia for Powerwall –

but why? TRISTAN EDIS 22 SEP

Australia is a tiny market in the overall scheme of things. Consequently we are usually at the bottom of the list to receive the latest gadgetry and new products.

But in the case of electric vehicle manfacturer Tesla’s Powerwall home energy battery system, we’ve been put at the head of the queue alongside North America, Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

In addition Tesla isn’t the only company to prioritise Australia for large household battery systems. US solar inverter company Enphase is also using Australia as a pioneer market for its battery systems too.

What’s going on is quite an interesting case study that illustrates that Australia is entirely by accident rather than design becoming ground zero for innovation in how the world will transform its energy systems.

I might be getting a little ahead of myself because Germany is clearly more advanced than us, but the Germans did it by deliberate design.

We’ve essentially been like a blind drunk stumbling in the dark, who almost in spite of government leaders’ intentions, tripped over and found we were at the leading edge of integrating solar PV into power systems.

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Tesla Powerwall

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Tesla Cars

Financial Statements for tesla motors inc (TSLA) Aug

2015

Year over year, Tesla Motors, Inc. has seen their bottom

line shrink from a loss of $74.0M USD to an even larger

loss of $294.0M USD despite an increase in revenues from

$2.0B USD to $3.2B USD.

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China 2011: bus with ultracapacitor/Li-Ion

Boeing Dreamliner: 2013

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BMS Battery Management System

A BMS may protect its battery by preventing it from operating outside its safe operating area, such as:

• Over-current (may be different in charging and discharging modes)

• Over-voltage (during charging)

• Under-voltage (during discharging)

• Under-temperature

• Over-temperature

• Individual cell monitoring

• Communicates with EMS and/or inverter/charger

• Built-in or external

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Standards, Regulations, Codes

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Lithium batteries - Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods Class 9

– Standards & Regulations for Storage and Handling of DG Class 9

goods

• AS/NZS 4681

• WorkCover NSW & similar regulations in other states

– Transport

• Company qualified for DG

• Placards & paperwork

– Storage

• Placarding

• Separate storage area

• On-site manifest

– Handling

• Staff training

ESS Installation Standards

There are none – globally

AS/NZS 5139

Development of a new standard on Electrical Installations – Safety of battery systems for use in inverter energy systems

Project Start Date

05/01/2015

Expected Completion Date

10/02/2016

Realistically it could take up to 2 years before there is a standard

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ESS Installation Standards

– ASC and CEC Storage Working Groups • Installation guidelines

• Safety, performance, testing

• Tracking, Recycling

– Battery standards are also out of date, e.g. • AS4086.2-1997

– Secondary batteries for use with stand-alone power systems - Installation and maintenance

• AS2676.1 & .2 -1992

– Guide to the installation, maintenance, testing and replacement of secondary batteries in buildings – vented cells .1; Sealed cells .2

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NOW FREE

BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA:

CLASSES 1 & 10 OF BUILDINGS

Class 1 - A single dwelling being a detached house or one or more attached dwellings. o Class 1A - Boarding/guest house or hostel not exceeding 300m2 and not more than 12 people reside. o Class 1B - Which is not located above or below another dwelling or another Class of building other than a private garage.

Class 10 - A non habitable building or structure. o Class 10A - A private garage, carport, shed or the like. o Class 10B - A structure being a fence, mast, antenna, retaining or free standing wall, swimming pool or the like.

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BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA:

CLASSES 2-9 OF BUILDINGS

Class 2 - A building containing 2 or more sole occupancy units each being a separate dwelling.

Class 3 - A resident building, other than a Class 1 or 2, which is common place of long term or transient living for a number of unrelated persons.

Class 4 - A dwelling in a building that is Class 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 if it is the only dwelling in the building.

Class 5 - An office building used for professional or commercial purposes, excluding buildings of Class 6, 7, 8 or 9.

Class 6- A shop or other building for the sale of goods by retail or the supply of services direct to the public.

Class 7 - A building which is a car park or for storage, or display of goods or produce for sale by wholesale.

Class 8 - A laboratory, or a building in which a handicraft or process for the production, assembling, altering, repairing, packing, finishing, or cleaning of goods or produce is carried on for trade, sale or gain.

Class 9 - A building of a public nature. o Class 9A - A health care building. o Class 9B - An assembly building in a primary or secondary school, but excluding any other parts of the building that are of another class. o Class 9C - An aged care building. 24

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BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA:

CLASSES 2-9 OF BUILDINGS

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BUILDING CODE OF AUSTRALIA:

CLASSES 2-9 OF BUILDINGS

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ALL IN ONE ESS

MODULAR SYSTEMS

INVERTER/CHARGERS

BATTERIES - VRLA

BATTERIES – LITHIUM

FUTURE ESS & BATTERIES

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MUST BE INTERNET-CONNECTED

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Carlo Gavazzi meter

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RFI ESS

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RFI ESS

Introducing ImmerSun Solar PV Self-Consumption Controller

Save you money and increase your energy efficiency Unlike solar thermal systems there is no energy wastage - feed the house, feed the hot water and any excess goes to the grid.

Allow for easy control and monitoring The built in features allow you to not only view easy to read graphical information but also allow for benefits of boost functions providing clear visibility and management of your power.

Maximise your return on investment Due to low or even zero feed in tariffs you get a significant ROI by storing your energy (i.e. into hot water) during the day for later use without purchasing electricity from the grid.

Example

Export Vs PV to Hot Water

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The sweet spot for battery storage?

How the numbers stack up By Giles Parkinson and Sophie Vorrath

Renew Economy October 14, 2015

• Making the economics work will depend on how

much your household consumes and when, the size

of your solar array, if any, and the local tariff

structure. Then you have to consider how you will

use that battery, and how the grid might use it to.

• It’s not just the cost of the hardware that counts, but

the value you can extract – either by storing

electricity for your own use later in the evening, to

play an arbitrage game with time of use, playing the

peaks, or meeting demand charges.

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The sweet spot for battery storage?

How the numbers stack up By Giles Parkinson and Sophie Vorrath

Renew Economy October 14, 2015

Tony Vassallo, from the University of Sydney, and who also worked on the CSIRO Future Grid plan, which looked at the likelihood of mass defections from the grid, says that 2kW of solar PV and 5kWh of battery storage would deliver the fastest return on investment, but would only provide one third of an average consumer’s electricity needs.

That compares to more than 50 per cent for some people with 5kW or more of rooftop solar, and up to 80 or 90 per cent for those who add battery storage. Indeed, Vassallo says that with a 7kW solar PV system, and a 25kWh battery, that reaches the “break even” point.

It will cover around 90-93 per cent of demand, but any more, and you won’t recover your money. To get to 100 per cent, you will have to “gold plate” your own system to ensure your independence on extended cloudy days. And for much of the time, you will be throwing away the excess.

Vassallo says, however, that this could change quickly.

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Thank you