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New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
Koldaev AKoldaev A.**,.**, Gusev A.*, Konovalov D.**, Kutarov A.**, Miller E. **Gusev A.*, Konovalov D.**, Kutarov A.**, Miller E. **
*Roshydromet, Russia,*Roshydromet, Russia,** Central Aerological Observatory, Roshydromet,Russia,** Central Aerological Observatory, Roshydromet,Russia,
*** State Hydrological Institute, Roshydromet, Russia*** State Hydrological Institute, Roshydromet, RussiaCAO
List of contentsList of contents
I.I. LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP”
I.I. ConstructionConstruction
II.II. Field experimentsField experiments
III.III. Current locations on the observational Current locations on the observational networknetwork
II.II. Present Weather SensorPresent Weather Sensor
I.I. Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background
II.II. Technical approachTechnical approach
III.III. Experimental resultsExperimental results
III.III. DisdrometryDisdrometry
I.I. Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background
II.II. Technical approachTechnical approach
III.III. Experimental resultsExperimental results
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” ConstructionConstruction
Microwave receiver
Microwave transmitter
Analog to digit Converter
Digital Processor ADSP-21061
ROM&
Software
Digit to Analog
Converter
The principal of operation is based on The principal of operation is based on measurements of vertical velocities of rain drops measurements of vertical velocities of rain drops by means of micro power Doppler radar working by means of micro power Doppler radar working in continuous mode of radiation at frequency 11 in continuous mode of radiation at frequency 11
GHz.GHz.The system is consist withThe system is consist with Microwave receiver/transmitter working Microwave receiver/transmitter working through the same horn antenna (Microwave through the same horn antenna (Microwave module)module) Low Frequency Amplifier (LFA)Low Frequency Amplifier (LFA) The Digital Processor, performs FFT The Digital Processor, performs FFT algorithm and all digital exchange functionsalgorithm and all digital exchange functions
LCR is made with all modern materials and LCR is made with all modern materials and common western type electronic components. common western type electronic components. It’s allow constructing compact reliable device It’s allow constructing compact reliable device with very powerful capacity. with very powerful capacity.
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” Field experimentsField experiments
As a result of field tests the big volume of experimental data As a result of field tests the big volume of experimental data was collected. This information allowed to improve the parts was collected. This information allowed to improve the parts
and whole construction of the device and to start the and whole construction of the device and to start the production of signal series of LCR “DROP” The influence of production of signal series of LCR “DROP” The influence of wind was investigated also, and it was experimentally proven wind was investigated also, and it was experimentally proven that wind not decrease the accuracy, which is found in good that wind not decrease the accuracy, which is found in good
agreement with the accuracy of State Standard. agreement with the accuracy of State Standard.
Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Reg. Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Reg. September 2003September 2003Alfa sample of LSR –11 on the experimental site of ATTEX.Alfa sample of LSR –11 on the experimental site of ATTEX.
Comparisons of LCR –11 with the Russian Federation State Comparisons of LCR –11 with the Russian Federation State Standard of Rain Precipitation on the experimental site of State Standard of Rain Precipitation on the experimental site of State Hydrological Institute. Valday, Novgorod Reg. May-September Hydrological Institute. Valday, Novgorod Reg. May-September 2004.2004.
The results of direct comparisons of LCR-11 with the Rain recorder P-2. The graphs of precipitation accumulation within about 7 hours. Valday, 28 August 2004.
The results of comparisons with State Standard and Ground Mounted Standard within a whole month. (Valday, 1-31 August 2004). On the plot the 24 hours accumulated values are presented. P-2 data are
presented also for reference only.
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” TodayToday
20072007 20020088
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” ConceptConcept
Microwave receiver
Microwave transmitter
Analog to digit Converter
Digital Processor ADSP-21061
ROM&
Software
Digit to Analog
Converter
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
Present weather sensorPresent weather sensor Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background
(1)(1)
52 6
0 4( )D N k D
(2)(2)
2 2 22
1
2( ) (2 1)( )n n
n
d n a bk
(3)(3)2
d
Vf
(4)(4)
25
4 232Т
ПP Se k
P ZR
(5)(5)
, where, where 2( -1)( 1)k
, where , where 22
3Se L
Meteorological Event
Vav[m/sec] Deff[mm] P60/P11[dB] 11 [Hz]
Rain 5 3 49 2000/357
Wet snow 2 8 62 800/143
Dry snow 1.5 1 38 600/107
Drizzle 0.5 0.5 33 200/36
Fog 0.01 0.05 30 4/0.7
60 /d df f
1D
<<<<
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
Present weather sensorPresent weather sensor Technical approachTechnical approach
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
Present weather sensorPresent weather sensor Experimental resultsExperimental results
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
LCR “DROP”LCR “DROP” ConceptConcept
Microwave receiver
Microwave transmitter
Analog to digit Converter
Digital Processor ADSP-21061
ROM&
Software
Digit to Analog
Converter
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
DisdrometerDisdrometer Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background
Vg
max
min
( ) ( ) ( ) ( , )D
D
S f N D V D S f D dD 21
2 /0
0
( ) 1/ ( ) ( )M
j k Ms s
m
S kf M H mT mT e
42
6
0 to 63k kj jj
S A N k
630
0
/j m kjk
N S A
DisdrometerDisdrometer Technical approachTechnical approach
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
DisdrometerDisdrometer Experimental resultsExperimental results
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
DisdrometerDisdrometer Experimental resultsExperimental results
New Applications of Low Cost Rain New Applications of Low Cost Rain Sensor “DROP”Sensor “DROP”
Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention
Dr. Koldaev ArkadyDr. Koldaev Arkady