It is the second largest continent.Africa has huge rivers which are:

The Nile RiverThe ZaireThe ZambeziThe Niger Rivers

North – SaharaEast – Indian OceanWest – Atlantic OceanSouth – South Africa

RainforestLocated along the equator where the

heaviest rainfall occurs.

About 8% of Africa is covered by Africa.

The ample moisture of the area supports plant growth including dense forests.

SavannaStretches across Africa on north and

south of the rainforests.

Savanna or grassland dotted with trees about half of the continent.

Rainfall can be unreliable in the savanna climate zone.

DesertCovers 40% of Africa.

Grasses and shrubs hardly grow in many African deserts.

On the north in the giant Sahara Desert.

MediterraneanLies at the northern and southern

ups of Africa.

King Ezana of AxumConverted himself

and his people to Christianity.

Axums controlled the salt trade.

Wangara – gold-mining area.

The kingdom of Ghana developed in West Africa at 400 BCE.

Ghana was an empire based on trade and agriculture.

Had a central government.

The people in Ghana was able to trade with others using gold

dust.

Sonni Ali One of his goals was to conquer

Timbuktu.

TimbuktuGold from the south, salt

from the north.

However, Timbuktu then was taken over by the Tuaregs.

Timbuktu was attacked and

captured by Sonni Ali in 1468.

Fellow Muslims described Sonni Ali as a tyrant.

Djenne

This wealthy city became next the target of Sonni Ali.

Songhai dominated the trans-Saharan trading routes.

AskiaMohamma

d Improved system

of government.Strengthened

Islam.Encouraged Islamic

scholarships.