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Neuromuscular Control of Movement
Organization of Brain Motor Centers
The -Motor Neuron
• Innervates skeletal muscle
• Receives input from higher centers
• Receives sensory input from muscle stretch and tension receptors
Motor Unit
The -Motor Neuron
• All or none
• Size principle
Motor Unit
Motor Unit
Motor Unit
• The ratio of nerves to muscle fiber is specific to a motor unit and defined by the task.
Fine movements (focusing eyes)
Gross movements (muscles involved in jumping)
Motor Unit
Motor Unit
Muscle Recruitment
• Training
• In the lab!
Motor UnitLarge Motor Unit, Brief Contraction Time
Small Motor Unit, Long Contraction Time
StimFreq
Neuromuscular Junction
Muscle Sensors
• Allow for fine control and adjustments of muscle movements.
• Protect musculoskeletal system from injury.
Fine Control of Motor Movements
Muscle Spindle
Golgi Tendon Organ
Chemical Feedback
Control of Breathing
“Muscle Memory”
“Muscle Memory”
“Muscle Memory”
“Muscle Memory” is a form of Neural Memory
Spinal Cord Autonomy
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Nerve determines Muscle Characteristics
Nerve determines Muscle Characteristics
S F
Sc
S F
Fc
mitochondrial -glycerolphosphate-dehydrogenase
Nerve determines Muscle Characteristics
S F
Sc
S F
Fc
mitochondrial -glycerolphosphate-dehydrogenase
Stimulation Frequency
Soleus by Soleus Nerve
FDL by Soleus Nerve
FDL by FDL Nerve
Soleus by FDL Nerve
Training the Motor Unit?