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8/19/2019 Networks Questions UGC
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The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels.
Protocol,Medium,Signal,All the above
The information to be communicated in a data communications system is
the _______.
Medium,Protocol,Message,Transmission
Freuency of failure and networ! recovery time after a failure aremeasures of the _______ of a networ!.
Performance,"eliability, Security,Feasibility
An unauthori#ed user is a networ! _______ issue.
Performance,"eliability, Security,All the above
$hich topology reuires a central controller or hub%
Mesh,Star,&us,"ing
$hich topology reuires a multipoint connection%
A' Mesh
&' Star
(' &us
)' "ing
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(ommunication between a computer and a !eyboard involves
______________ transmission.
Simple*,+alfduple*,Fullduple*,automatic
A television broadcast is an e*ample of _______ transmission.
A' simple*
&' halfduple*
(' fullduple*
)' automatic
A _______ connection provides a dedicated lin! between two devices.
Pointtopoint,Multipoint,Primary,Secondary
-n a _______ connection, more than two devices can share a single lin!.
A' pointtopoint
&' multipoint
(' primary
)' secondary
-n _______ transmission, the channel capacity is shared by both
communicating devices at all times.
A' simple*
&' halfduple*
(' fullduple*
)' halfsimple*
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-n the original A"PA/T, _______ were directly connected together.
A' -MPs,+ost computers,etwor!s,"outers
This was the 0rst networ!.
A' (S/T,SF/T,AS/T,A"PA/T
$hich organi#ation has authority over interstate and international
commerce in the communications 0eld%
A' -T1T,-///,F((,-S2(
_______ are specialinterest groups that uic!ly test, evaluate, and
standardi#e new technologies.
A' Forums,"egulatory agencies,Standards organi#ations,All of the
above
$hich agency developed standards for physical connection interfaces and
electronic signaling speci0cations%
A' /-A,-T1T,AS-,-S2
_______ is the protocol suite for the current -nternet.
A' T(P3-P,(P,1-4,A(M
_______ refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in
which they are presented.
A' Semantics,Synta*,Timing,All of the above
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________ de0nes how a particular pattern to be interpreted, and what
action is to be ta!en based on that interpretation.
A' Semantics,Synta*,Timing,one of the above
_______ refers to two characteristics5 when data should be sent and how
fast it can be sent.
A' Semantics
&' Synta*
(' Timing
)' none of the above
)ata 6ow between two devices can occur in a _______ way.
A' Simple*,+alfduple*,Fullduple*,All of the above
-n a ______ connection, two and only two devices are connected by a
dedicated lin!.
A' Multipoint,Pointtopoint,7a' and 7b',one of the above
-n a ________ connection, three or more devices share a lin!.
A' Multipoint,
&' pointtopoint
(' 7a' and 7b'
)' none of the above
______ refers to the physical or logical arrangement of a networ!.
A' )ata 6ow,Mode of operation,Topology,one of the above
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)evices may be arranged in a _____ topology.
A' Mesh,"ing,&us,All of the above
A _______ is a data communication system within a building, plant, or
campus, or between nearby buildings.
A' MA,8A,$A,one of the above
A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or
the whole world.
A' MA
&' 8A
(' $A
)' none of the above
________ is a collection of many separate networ!s.
A' A $A,An internet,A 8A,one of the above
There are ______________ -nternet service providers.
A' 8ocal,"egional,ational and international,All of the above
A ________ is a set of rules that governs data communication.
A' Forum,Protocol,Standard,one of the above
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________ is an idea or concept that is a precursor to an -nternet standard.
A' "(F,"F(,-),one of the above
The -nternet model consists of _______ layers.
A' Three,Five,Seven,/ight
The processtoprocess delivery of the entire message is the responsibility
of the _______ layer.
A' etwor!,Transport,Application,Physical
The _______ layer is the layer closest to the transmission medium.
A' Physical,)ata lin!,etwor!,Transport
Mail services are available to networ! users through the _______ layer.
A' )ata lin!,Physical,Transport,Application
As the data pac!et moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are
_______.
A' Added,"emoved,"earranged,Modi0ed
The _______ layer lies between the networ! layer and the application layer.
A' Physical,)ata lin!,Transport,one of the above
8ayer 9 lies between the physical layer and the _______ layer.
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A' etwor!,)ata lin!,Transport,one of the above
$hen data are transmitted from device A to device &, the header from A:s
layer ; is read by &:s _______ layer.
A' Physical,Transport,Application,one of the above
The _______ layer changes bits into electromagnetic signals.
A' Physical,)ata lin!,Transport,one of the above
$hich of the following is an application layer service%
A' "emote login,File transfer and access,Mail service,All the above
$hy was the 2S- model developed%
A' Manufacturers disli!ed the T(P3-P protocol suite,The rate of data
transfer was increasing e*ponentially,Standards were needed to allow any two
systems to communicate,one of the above
The _______ model shows how the networ! functions of a computer ought
to be organi#ed.
A' ((-TT,2S-,-S2,AS-
The physical layer is concerned with the movement of _______ over the
physical medium.
A' Programs,)ialogs,Protocols,&its
The 2S- model consists of _______ layers.
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A' Three,Five,Seven,/ight
-n the 2S- model, as a data pac!et moves from the lower to the upper
layers, headers are _______.
A' Added,"emoved,"earranged,Modi0ed
-n the 2S- model, when data is transmitted from device A to device &, the
header from A:s layer < is read by &:s _______ layer.
A' Physical,Transport,Session,Presentation
-n the 2S- model, what is the main function of the transport layer%
A' odetonode delivery,Processtoprocess message
delivery,Synchroni#ation,1pdating and maintenance of routing tables
-n the 2S- model, encryption and decryption are functions of the ________
layer.
A' Transport,Session,Presentation,Application
$hen a host on networ! A sends a message to a host on networ! &, which
address does the router loo! at%
A' Port,8ogical,Physical,one of the above
To deliver a message to the correct application program running on a host,
the _______ address must be consulted.
A' Port,-P,Physical,one of the above
-Pv= has _______ bit addresses.
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A' >9,=;,?9@,ariable
-(MPv= includes _______.
A' -BMP,A"P,"A"P,a and b
The ______ layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop 7node' to
the ne*t.
A' Physical,)ata lin!,Transport,one of the above
The ______ layer adds a header to the pac!et coming from the upper layer
that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver.
A' Physical,)ata lin!,etwor!,one of the above
The_________ layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one
process to another.
A' Physical,Transport,etwor!,one of the above
The -nternetwor!ing Protocol 7-P' is a ________ protocol.
A' "eliable,(onnectionoriented,&oth a and b,one of the above
_______ is a processtoprocess protocol that adds only port addresses,
chec!sum error control, and length information to the data from the upper layer.
A' T(P,1)P,-P,one of the above
__________ provides full transport layer services to applications.
A' T(P,1)P,A"P,one of the above
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The ________ address, also !nown as the lin! address, is the address of a
node as de0ned by its 8A or $A.
A' Port,Physical,8ogical,one of the above
/thernet uses a ______ physical address that is imprinted on the networ!
interface card 7-('.
A' >9bit,=;bit,=byte,one of the above
A port address in T(P3-P is ______ bits long.
A' >9,;@,?=,one of the above
The ____ created a model called the 2pen Systems -nterconnection, which
allows diverse systems to communicate.
A' 2S-,-S2,-///,one of the above
The sevenlayer _____ model provides guidelines for the development of
universally compatible networ!ing protocols.
A' 2S-,-S2,-///,one of the above
The physical, data lin!, and networ! layers are the ______ support layers.
A' 1ser,etwor!,&oth 7a' and 7b',either 7a' nor 7b'
The session, presentation, and application layers are the ____ support
layers.
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A' 1ser
&' networ!
(' both 7a' and 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
The _______ layer lin!s the networ! support layers and the user support
layers.
A' Transport,etwor!,)ata lin!,Session
The _______ layer coordinates the functions reuired to transmit a bit
stream over a physical medium.
A' Transport,etwor!,)ata lin!,Physical
The _______ layer is responsible for delivering data units from one station
to the ne*t without errors.
A' transport
&' networ!
(' data lin!
)' physical
The ______ layer is responsible for the sourcetodestination delivery of a
pac!et across multiple networ! lin!s.
A' transport
&' networ!
(' data lin!
)' physical
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The ________ layer is responsible for the processtoprocess delivery of the
entire message.
A' transport
&' networ!
(' data lin!
)' physical
The ______ layer establishes, maintains, and synchroni#es the interactions
between communicating devices.
A' Transport,etwor!,Session,Physical
The _______ layer ensures interoperability between communicating devices
through transformation of data into a mutually agreed upon format.
A' Transport,etwor!,)ata lin!,Presentation
The _________ layer enables the users to access the networ!.
A' Transport,Application,)ata lin!,Physical
T(P3-P is a ______ hierarchical protocol suite developed ____ the 2S- model.
A' SevenlayerC before,FivelayerC before,Si*layerC before,FivelayerC
after
The T(P3-P _______ layer is euivalent to the combined session,
presentation, and application layers of the 2S- model.
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A' Application,etwor!,)ata lin!,Physical
The ________ address, also !nown as the lin! address, is the address of a
node as de0ned by its 8A or $A.
A' Physical,-P,Port,Speci0c
The ____ address uniuely de0nes a host on the -nternet.
A' Physical,-P,Port,Speci0c
The_____ address identi0es a process on a host.
A' physical
&' -P
(' port
)' speci0c
&efore data can be transmitted, they must be transformed to ________.
A' Periodic signals,/lectromagnetic signals,Aperiodic signals,8ow
freuency sine waves
A periodic signal completes one cycle in D.DD? s. $hat is the freuency%
A' ? +#,?DD +#,? E+#,? M+#
-n a freuencydomain plot, the hori#ontal a*is measures the ________.
A' Pea! amplitude,Freuency,Phase,Slope
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-n a timedomain plot, the hori#ontal a*is is a measure of ________.
A' Signal amplitude,Freuency,Phase,Time
-f the bandwidth of a signal is < E+# and the lowest freuency is M+#,one of the above
As freuency increases, the period ________.
A' )ecreases,-ncreases,"emains the same,)oubles
Biven two sine waves A and &, if the freuency of A is twice that of &, then
the period of & is ________ that of A.
A' 2nehalf,Twice,The same as,-ndeterminate from
A sine wave is ________.
A' Periodic and continuous,Aperiodic and continuous,Periodic and
discrete,Aperiodic and discrete
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-f the ma*imum amplitude of a sine wave is 9 , the minimum amplitude
is ________ .
A' 9,?,9,between 9 and 9
A signal is measured at two diGerent points. The power is P? at the 0rst
point and P9 at the second point. The d& is D. This means ________.
A' P9 is #ero,P9 euals P?,P9 is much larger than P?,P9 is much
smaller than P?
________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses
strength due to the resistance of the transmission medium.
A' Attenuation,)istortion,oise,)ecibel
________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses
strength due to the diGerent propagation speeds of each freuency that ma!esup the signal.
A' Attenuation
&' )istortion
(' oise
)' )ecibel
________ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside source
such as crosstal! corrupts a signal.
A' Attenuation
&' )istortion
(' oise
)' )ecibel
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_______ signals can have only a limited number of values.
A' Analog,)igital,7a' or 7b',one of the above
Freuency and period are ______.
A' -nverse of each other,Proportional to each other,The same,one of
the above
________is the rate of change with respect to time.
A' Amplitude,Time,Freuency,oltage
_______ describes the position of the waveform relative to time D.
A' Freuency,Phase,Amplitude,oltage
A sine wave in the ______ domain can be represented by one single spi!e
in the _____ domain.
A' TimeC freuency,FreuencyC time,TimeC phase,PhaseC time
A _________ sine wave is not useful in data communicationsC we need to
send a _______ signal.
A' (ompositeC singlefreuency,SinglefreuencyC composite,Single
freuencyC doublefreuency,one of the above
The _____ of a composite signal is the diGerence between the highest and
the lowest freuencies contained in that signal.
A' Freuency,Period,&andwidth,Amplitude
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A7n'_________ signal is a composite analog signal with an in0nite
bandwidth.
A' )igital,Analog,/ither 7a' or 7b',either 7a' nor 7b'
&aseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have a ____
channel.
A' 8owpass,&andpass,8ow rate,+igh rate
-f the available channel is a ____ channel, we cannot send a digital signal
directly to the channel.
A' lowpass
&' bandpass
(' low rate
)' high rate
For a ______ channel, the yuist bit rate formula de0nes the theoretical
ma*imum bit rate.
A' noisy
&' noiseless
(' bandpass
)' lowpass
For a ______ channel, we need to use the Shannon capacity to 0nd the
ma*imum bit rate.
A' oisy,oiseless,&andpass,8owpass
_________ can impair a signal.
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A' Attenuation,)istortion,oise,All of the above
The _________ product de0nes the number of bits that can 0ll the lin!.
A' &andwidthperiod,Freuencyamplitude,&andwidthdelay,)elay
amplitude
1nipolar, bipolar, and polar encoding are types of _______ encoding.
A' 8ine,&loc!,"H,Manchester
_______ encoding has a transition at the middle of each bit.
A' "H,Manchester,)iGerential Manchester,All the above
_______ encoding has a transition at the beginning of each D bit.
A' "H,Manchester,)iGerential Manchester,All the above
P(M is an e*ample of _______ conversion.
A' )igitaltodigital,)igitaltoanalog,Analogtoanalog,Analogtodigital
-f the freuency spectrum of a signal has a bandwidth of
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A' /ual to the lowest freuency of a signal,/ual to the highest
freuency of a signal,Twice the bandwidth of a signal,Twice the highest freuency
of a signal
$hich of the following encoding methods does not provide for
synchroni#ation%
A' "H8,"H,"H-,Manchester
$hich encoding method uses alternating positive and negative values for?s%
A' "H-,"H,Manchester,AM-
$hich uanti#ation level results in a more faithful reproduction of the
signal%
A' 9,@,?=,>9
&loc! coding can help in _______ at the receiver.
A' Synchroni#ation,/rror detection,Attenuation,7a' and 7b'
-n _______ transmission, bits are transmitted simultaneously, each across
its own wire.
A' Asynchronous serial,Synchronous serial,Parallel,7a' and 7b'
-n _______ transmission, bits are transmitted over a single wire, one at a
time.
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A' Asynchronous serial,Synchronous serial,Parallel,7a' and 7b'
-n _______ transmission, a start bit and a stop bit frame a character byte.
A' asynchronous serial
&' synchronous serial
(' parallel
)' 7a' and 7b'
-n asynchronous transmission, the gap time between bytes is _______.
A' Fi*ed,ariable,A function of the data rate,Hero
___________ conversion involves three techniues5 line coding, bloc!
coding, and scrambling.
A' Analogtodigital,)igitaltoanalog,Analogtoanalog,)igitaltodigital
________ is the process of converting digital data to a digital signal.
A' &loc! coding,8ine coding,Scrambling,one of the above
A' &loc! coding
&' 8ine coding
(' Scrambling
)' one of the above
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________ is normally referred to as m&3n& codingC it replaces each mbit
group with an nbit group.
A' &loc! coding,8ine coding,Scrambling,one of the above
________ provides synchroni#ation without increasing the number of bits.
A' Scrambling,8ine coding,&loc! coding,one of the above
Two common scrambling techniues are ________.
A' "H and "H,AM- and "H,&@HS and +)&>,Manchester and
diGerential Manchester
The most common techniue to change an analog signal to digital data is
called __________.
A' PA8,P(M,Sampling,one of the above
The 0rst step in P(M is ________.
A' Iuanti#ation,Modulation,Sampling,one of the above
There are three sampling methods5 __________.
A' Iuanti#ed, sampled, and ideal,-deal, sampled, and 6attop,-deal,natural, and 6attop,one of the above
______ 0nds the value of the signal amplitude for each sampleC ____ 0nds
the change from the previous sample.
A' )MC P(M,P(MC )M,)MC (M,one of the above
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$hile there is 7are' only _____ way7s' to send parallel data, there is 7are'
three subclass7es' of serial transmission.
A' 2neC two,TwoC three,2neC three,one of the above
-n ______ transmission, we send ? start bit 7D' at the beginning and ? or
more stop bits 7?s' at the end of each byte.
A' Synchronous,Asynchronous,-sochronous,one of the above
-n _________ transmission, we send bits one after another without start or
stop bits or gaps. -t is the responsibility of the receiver to group the bits.
A' synchronous
&' asynchronous
(' isochronous
)' none of the above
The ________ mode provides synchroni#ation for the entire stream of bits
must. -n other words, it guarantees that the data arrive at a 0*ed rate.
A' synchronous
&' asynchronous
(' isochronous
)' none of the above
A _________ digital signal includes timing information in the data being
transmitted.
A' Selfsynchroni#ing,Selfmodulated,Selftransmitted,one of the
above
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-n decoding a digital signal, the receiver calculates a running average of
the received signal power, called the _______.
A' &aseline,&ase,8ine,one of the above
The ________ rate de0nes the number of data elements sent in ?sC the
______ rate is the number of signal elements sent in ?s.
A' )ataC signal,SignalC data,&audC bit,one of the above
The signal rate is sometimes called the ____ rate.
A' &aud,&it,Signal,one of the above
The data rate is sometimes called the ___ rate.
A' &aud,&it,Signal,one of the above
-n a _____ scheme, all the signal levels are on one side of the time a*is,
either above or below.
A' Polar,&ipolar,1nipolar,All of the above
-n ______ schemes, the voltages are on the both sides of the time a*is. For
e*ample, the voltage level for D can be positive and the voltage level for ? can
be negative.
A' polar
&' bipolar
(' unipolar
)' all of the above
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-n _____, the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit.
A' "H-,"H8,&oth 7a' and 7b',either 7a' nor 7b'
-n ______, the change or lac! of change in the level of the voltage
determines the value of the bit.
A' "H-
&' "H8
(' both 7a' and 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
The idea of "H and the idea of "H8 are combined into the ________
scheme.
A' Manchester,)iGerential Manchester,&oth 7a' and 7b',either 7a' nor
7b'
The idea of "H and the idea of "H- are combined into the ________
scheme.
A' Manchester
&' diGerential Manchester
(' both 7a' and 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
-n _______ encoding, the duration of the bit is divided into two halves. The
voltage remains at one level during the 0rst half and moves to the other level inthe second half. The transition at the middle of the bit provides synchroni#ation.
A' Manchester
&' diGerential Manchester
(' both 7a' and 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
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-n ___________ there is always a transition at the middle of the bit, but the
bit values are determined at the beginning of the bit. -f the ne*t bit is D, there is
a transitionC if the ne*t bit is ?, there is none.
A' Manchester
&' diGerential Manchester
(' both 7a' and 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
-n Manchester and diGerential Manchester encoding, the transition at the
middle of the bit is used for __________.
A' &it transfer,&aud transfer,Synchroni#ation,one of the above
The minimum bandwidth of Manchester and diGerential Manchester is ____
that of "H.
A' The same as,Twice,Thrice,one of the above
-n _______encoding, we use three levels5 positive, #ero, and negative.
A' 1nipolar,&ipolar,Polar,one of the above
The _____ scheme uses data patterns of si#e 9 and encodes the 9bit
patterns as one signal element belonging to a fourlevel signal.
A' ;&,one of the above
The ______ scheme uses three levels 7J, D, and ' and three transition
rules to move between the levels.
A' ;&
)' none of the above
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______ substitutes eight consecutive #eros with DDD&D&.
A' &;&@,+)&>,&@HS,one of the above
______ substitutes four consecutive #eros with DDD or &DD
A' &;&@,+)&>,&@HSf,one of the above
ASE, PSE, FSE, and IAM are e*amples of ________ conversion.
A' )igitaltodigital,)igitaltoanalog,Analogtoanalog,Analogtodigital
AM and FM are e*amples of ________ conversion.
A' )igitaltodigital,)igitaltoanalog,Analogtoanalog,Analogtodigital
> -n IAM, both ________ of a carrier freuency are varied.
A' Freuency and amplitude,Phase and freuency,Amplitude and
phase,one of the above
; -f the baud rate is ;DD for a IPSE signal, the bit rate is ________ bps.
A' ?DD,;DD,@DD,?=DDa
< -f the bit rate for an ASE signal is ?9DD bps, the baud rate is ________.
A' >DD,;DD,=DD,?9DD
= -f the bit rate for an FSE signal is ?9DD bps, the baud rate is ________.
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A' >DD
&' ;DD
(' =DD
)' ?9DD
-f the bit rate for a ?=IAM signal is ;DDD bps, what is the baud rate%
A' >DD
&' ;DD
(' ?DDD
)' ?9DD
@ -f the baud rate for a =;IAM signal is 9DDD, what is the bit rate%
A' >DD
&' ;DD
(' ?DDD
)' ?9DDD
K Biven an AM radio signal with a bandwidth of ?D E+# and the highest
freuency component at D< E+#, what is the freuency of the carrier signal%
A' DD E+#,D< E+#,?D E+#,(annot be determined from given
information
?D _______ conversion is the process of changing one of the characteristics of
an analog signal based on the information in the digital data.
A' )igitaltoanalog,Analogtoanalog,Analogtodigital,)igitaltodigital
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?? $hich of the following is not a digitaltoanalog conversion%
A' ASE,PSE,FSE,AM
?9 -n ________, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied to create signal
elements. &oth freuency and phase remain constant.
A' ASE,PSE,
(' FSE
)' IAM
?> -n _________, the freuency of the carrier signal is varied to represent data.
&oth pea! amplitude and phase remain constant.
A' ASE
&' PSE
(' FSE
)' IAM
?; -n ________, the phase of the carrier is varied to represent two or more
diGerent signal elements. &oth pea! amplitude and freuency remain constant.
A' ASE
&' PSE
(' FSE
)' IAM
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?< A constellation diagram shows us the __________ of a signal element,
particularly when we are using two carriers 7one inphase and one uadrature'.
A' Amplitude and phase,Amplitude and freuency,Freuency and
phase,one of the above
?= Iuadrature amplitude modulation 7IAM' is a combination of ___________.
A' ASE and FSE,ASE and PSE,PSE and FSE,one of the above
? ________ uses two carriers, one inphase and the other uadrature.
A' ASE,PSE,FSE,IAM
?@ _________ conversion is the representation of analog information by an
analog signal.
A' )igitaltoanalog,Analogtoanalog,Analogtodigital,)igitaltodigital
?K Analogtoanalog conversion is needed if the available bandwidth is
_______.
A' 8owpass,&andpass,/ither 7a' or 7b',either 7a' nor 7b'
9D $hich of the following is not an analogtoanalog conversion%
A' AM,PM,FM,IAM
9? -n _____ transmission, the carrier signal is modulated so that its amplitude
varies with the changing amplitudes of the modulating signal.
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A' AM,PM,FM,one of the above
99 -n _____ transmission, the freuency of the carrier signal is modulated to
follow the changing voltage level 7amplitude' of the modulating signal. The pea!
amplitude and phase of the carrier signal remain constant, but as the amplitude
of the information signal changes, the freuency of the carrier changes
correspondingly.
A' AM
&' PM
(' FM
)' none of the above
9> -n _____ transmission, the phase of the carrier signal is modulated to follow
the changing voltage level 7amplitude' of the modulating signal.
A' AM
&' PM
(' FM
)' none of the above
9; -n _______, the pea! amplitude of one signal level is DC the other is the
same as the amplitude of the carrier freuency.
A' PSE,22E,FSE,one of the above
9< +ow many carrier freuencies are used in &ASE%
A' 9,?,D,one of the above
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9= +ow many carrier freuencies are used in &FSE%
A' 9
&' ?
(' D
)' none of the above
9 +ow many carrier freuencies are used in &PSE%
A' 9
&' ?
(' D
)' none of the above
9@ +ow many carrier freuencies are used in IPSE%
A' 9
&' ?
(' D
)' none of the above
9K The constellation diagram of &ASE has ______ dots.
A' 9
&' ?
(' D
)' none of the above
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>D The constellation diagram of &PSE has ______ dots.
A' 9
&' ?
(' D
)' none of the above
>? The constellation diagram of IPSE has ______ dots.
A' 9
&' ?
(' ;
)' none of the above
>9 The constellation diagram of ?=IAM has ______ dots.
A' ;,?=,@,one of the above
>> The Federal (ommunications (ommission 7F((' allows ______!+# for each
AM station.
A' ; The Federal (ommunications (ommission 7F((' allows ______ !+# for each
FM station.
A' 9D,?DD,9DD,one of the above
The sharing of a medium and its lin! by two or more devices is called
_______.
A' Modulation,/ncoding,8ine discipline,Multiple*ing
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9 $hich multiple*ing techniue transmits analog signals%
A' F)M,T)M,$)M,7a' and 7c'
> $hich multiple*ing techniue transmits digital signals%
A' F)M,T)M,$)M,one of the above
; $hich multiple*ing techniue shifts each signal to a diGerent carrier
freuency%
A' F)M,T)M,&oth 7a' and 7b',one of the above
< -n synchronous T)M, for n signal sources of the same data rate, each
frame contains _______ slots.
A' n,n J ?,n L ?,D to n
= -n T)M, the transmission rate of the multiple*ed path is usually _______ the
sum of the transmission rates of the signal sources.
A' Breater than,8ess than,/ual to,ot related to
$hich multiple*ing techniue involves signals composed of light beams%
A' F)M,T)M,$)M,one of the above
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@ _________ utili#ation is the use of available bandwidth to achieve speci0c
goals.
A' Freuency,&andwidth,Amplitude,one of the above
K ________ can be achieved by using multiple*ingC ______ can be achieved by
using spreading.
A' /ciencyC privacy and antiNamming,Privacy and antiNammingC
eciency,Privacy and eciencyC antiNamming,/ciency and antiNammingC
privacy
?D ________ is the set of techniues that allows the simultaneous transmission
of multiple signals across a single data lin!.
A' )emodulating,Multiple*ing,(ompressing,one of the above
?? -n a multiple*ed system, __ lines share the bandwidth of ____ lin!.
A' ?C n,?C ?,nC ?,nC n
?9 The word ______ refers to the portion of a _______ that carries a
transmission.
A' (hannelC lin!,8in!C channel,8neC channel,8ineC lin!
?> ______ can be applied when the bandwidth of a lin! 7in hert#' is greater
than the combined bandwidths of the signals to be transmitted.
A' T)M,F)M,&oth 7a' or 7b',either 7a' or 7b'
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?; FSM is an _________techniue.
A' Analog,)igital,/ither 7a' or 7b',one of the above
?< ____ is designed to use the high bandwidth capability of 0beroptic cable.
A' F)M,T)M,$)M,one of the above
?= ______ is an analog multiple*ing techniue to combine optical signals.
A' F)M,
&' T)M
(' $)M
)' one of the above
? _____ is a digital process that allows several connections to share the highbandwidth of a lin!.
A' F)M,T)M,$)M
)' one of the above
?@ _____ is a digital multiple*ing techniue for combining several lowrate
channels into one highrate one.
A' F)M
&' T)M
(' $)M
)' one of the above
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?K $e can divide ____ into two diGerent schemes5 synchronous or statistical.
A' F)M
&' T)M
(' $)M
)' none of the above
9D -n ________ T)M, each input connection has an allotment in the output
even if it is not sending data.
A' Synchronous,Statistical,-sochronous,one of the above
9? -n ________ T)M, slots are dynamically allocated to improve bandwidth
eciency.
A' Synchronous,Statistical,-sochronous,one of the above
99 -n ________, we combine signals from diGerent sources to 0t into a larger
bandwidth.
A' Spread spectrum,8ine coding,&loc! coding,one of the above
9> _______ is designed to be used in wireless applications in which stationsmust be able to share the medium without interception by an eavesdropper and
without being subNect to Namming from a malicious intruder.
A' Spread spectrum,Multiple*ing,Modulation,one of the above.
9; The _______ techniue uses M diGerent carrier freuencies that are
modulated by the source signal. At one moment, the sign modulates one carrier
freuencyC at the ne*t moment, the signal modulates another carrier freuency.
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A' F)M,)SSS,F+SS,T)M
9< The ______ techniue e*pands the bandwidth of a signal by replacing each
data bit with n bits.
A' F)M
&' )SSS
(' F+SS
)' T)M
?. transmission media are usually categori#ed as _______.
A' Fi*ed or un0*ed,Buided or unguided,)eterminate or
indeterminate,Metallic or nonmetallic
9 Transmission media lie below the _______ layer.
A' Physical,etwor!,Transport,Application
> _______ cable consists of an inner copper core and a second conducting
outer sheath.
A' Twistedpair,(oa*ial,Fiberoptic,Shielded twistedpair
; -n 0ber optics, the signal is _______ waves.
A' 8ight,"adio,-nfrared,ery lowfreuency
< $hich of the following primarily uses guided media%
A' (ellular telephone system,8ocal telephone system,Satellitecommunications,"adio broadcasting
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= $hich of the following is not a guided medium%
A' Twistedpair cable,(oa*ial cable,Fiberoptic cable,Atmosphere
$hat is the maNor factor that ma!es coa*ial cable less susceptible to noise
than twistedpair cable%
A' -nner conductor,)iameter of cable,2uter conductor,-nsulating
material
@ -n an optical 0ber, the inner core is _______ the cladding.
A' )enser than,8ess dense than,The same density as,Another name for
K The inner core of an optical 0ber is _______ in composition.
A' Blass or plastic,(opper,&imetallic,8iuid
?D $hen a beam of light travels through media of two diGerent densities, if
the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, _______ occurs.
A' "e6ection,"efraction,-ncidence,(riticism
?? $hen the angle of incidence is _______ the critical angle, the light beam
bends along the interface.
A' More than,8ess than,/ual to,one of the above
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?9 Signals with a freuency below 9 M+# use _______ propagation.
A' Bround,S!y,8ineofsight,one of the above
?> Signals with a freuency between 9 M+# and >D M+# use ______
propagation.
A' Bround,S!y,8ineofsight,one of the above
?; Signals with a freuency above >D M+# use _______propagation.
A' ground
&' s!y
(' lineofsight
)' none of the above
?< A parabolic dish antenna is a7n' _______ antenna.
A' 2mnidirectional,&idirectional,1nidirectional,+orn
?= A7n' _____ medium provides a physical conduit from one device to another.
A' Buided,1nguided,/ither 7a' or 7b',one of the above
?
A' (oa*ial,Fiberoptic,Twistedpair,one of the above
?@ _______ cable is used for voice and data communications.
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A' (oa*ial,Fiberoptic,Twistedpair,one of the above
?K __________ consists of a central conductor and a shield.
A' (oa*ial
&' Fiberoptic
(' Twistedpair
)' none of the above
9D _____ cable can carry signals of higher freuency ranges than _____ cable.
A' TwistedpairC Fiberoptic,(oa*ialC 0beroptic,(oa*ialC twisted
pair,one of the above
9? ______ cables are composed of a glass or plastic inner core surrounded by
cladding, all encased in an outside Nac!et.
A' (oa*ial,Fiberoptic
(' Twistedpair
)' none of the above
99 ______ cables carry data signals in the form of light.
A' (oa*ial
&' Fiberoptic
(' Twistedpair
)' none of the above
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9> -n a 0beroptic cable, the signal is propagated along the inner core by
_______.
A' "e6ection,"efraction,Modulation,one of the above
9; _________ media transport electromagnetic waves without the use of a
physical conductor.
A' Buided, 1nguided,/ither 7a' or 7b',one of the above
9< "adio waves are _________.
A' 2mnidirectional,1nidirectional,&idirectional,one of the above
9= Microwaves are _________.
A' omnidirectional
&' unidirectional
(' bidirectional
)' none of the above
9 _______ are used for cellular phone, satellite, and wireless 8A
communications.
A' "adio waves,Microwaves,-nfrared waves,one of the above
9@ ________ are used for shortrange communications such as those between
a P( and a peripheral device.
A' "adio waves
&' Microwaves
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(' -nfrared waves
)' none of the above
Traditionally, _____ methods of switching have been important.
A' Four,Three,Five,Si*
9 $e can divide today:s networ!s into ____ broad categories.
A' four
&' three
(' 0ve
)' two
> Pac!etswitched networ!s can also be divided into ______subcategories5
virtualcircuit networ!s and datagram networ!s
A' Four,Three,Two,Five
; A ________ networ! is made of a set of switches connected by physical
lin!s, in which each lin! is divided into n channels.
A' 8ineswitched,Frameswitched,(ircuitswitched,one of the above
< (ircuit switching ta!es place at the ________ layer.
A' )ata line,Physical,etwor!,Transport
= -n _______, the resources need to be reserved during the setup phaseC the
resources remain dedicated for the entire duration of data transfer phase untilthe teardown phase.
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A' )atagram switching,(ircuit switching,Frame switching,one of the
above
-n _________, there is no resource allocation for a pac!et.
A' datagram switching
&' circuit switching
(' frame switching
)' none of the above
@ -n _________, resources are allocated on demand.
A' datagram switching
&' circuit switching
(' frame switching
)' none of the above
K -n __________, each pac!et is treated independently of all others.
A' datagram switching
&' circuit switching
(' frame switching
)' none of the above
?D -n _______ there are no setup or teardown phases.
A' datagram switching
&' circuit switching
(' frame switching
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)' none of the above
?? A _________ networ! is a cross between a circuitswitched networ! and a
datagram networ!. -t has some characteristics of both.
A' irtualcircuit,Pac!etswitched,Frameswitched,one of the above
?9 $e can say that a pac!et switch has _______ types of components.
A' Two,Three,Four,one of the above
?> The simplest type of switching fabric is the ______ switch.
A' (rosspoint,(rossbar,TS-,STS
?; A ________ switch is a multistage switch with microswitches at each stage
that route the pac!ets based on the output port represented as a binary string.
A' (rossbar,TS-,&anyan,one of the above
?< -n a banyan switch, for @ inputs and @ outputs, we have _____ stages.
A' @,;,>,9
?= -n a banyan switch, for @ inputs and @ outputs, we have _____
microswitches at each stage.
A' @
&' ;
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(' >
)' 9
? A ________ switch combines spacedivision and timedivision technologies
to ta!e advantage of the best of both.
A' TST,SSS,TTT,one of the above
?@ The most popular technology in timedivision switching is called the
_________.
A' ST-,-TS,TS-,one of the above
?K &ased on the (los criteria, if O 9DD, then n must be eual to or greater
than ____.
A' ?D,9D,>D,;D
9D &ased on the (los criteria, if O 9DD, then ! must be eual to or greater
than ____.
A' 9?,?K,>?,;?
9? &ased on the (los criteria, if O 9DD, then the minimum number of
crosspoints is greater than or eual to _______.
A' ?
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A' ?DDDD,9DDDD,;DDDD,>DDDD
9> -n a threestage space division switch, if O 9DD, the number of
crosspoints is ______.
A' ;DDDD,Breater than ;DDDD,8ess than ;DDDD,Breater than ?DDDDD
9; A ________ switch combines crossbar switches in several 7normally three'
stages.
A' Multistage,Multiple crossbar,Multiple path,one of the above
9< -n _______ switching, the paths in the circuit are separated from one
another spatially.
A' Timedivision,Spacedivision,Twodimensional,Threedimensional
9= A switched $A is normally implemented as a _______ networ!.
A' irtualcircuit,)atagram,(ircuitswitched,one of the above
9 -n a ________ networ!, two types of addressing are involved5 global andlocal.
A' irtualcircuit,)atagram,(ircuitswitched,one of the above
9@ The networ! layer in the -nternet is designed as a __________ networ!.
A' virtualcircuit
&' datagram
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(' circuitswitched
)' none of the above
9K A switch in a datagram networ! uses a routing table that is based on the
______ address.
A' Source,)estination,8ocal,one of the above
>D The _______ address in the header of a pac!et in a datagram networ!
normally remains the same during the entire Nourney of the pac!et.
A' Source,)estination,8ocal,one of the above
A local telephone networ! is an e*ample of a _______ networ!.
A' pac!etswitched
&' circuitswitched
(' messageswitched
)' none of the above
9 The local loop has _______ cable that connects the subscriber telephone to
the nearest end oce.
A' twistedpair
&' coa*ial
(' 0beroptic
)' none of the above
> )ata from a computer are _______C the local loop handles _______ signals.
A' analogC analog
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&' analogC digital
(' digitalC digital
)' digitalC analog
; _______ is suitable for businesses that reuire comparable upstream and
downstream data rates.
A' )S8
&' A)S8
(' S)S8
)' 7a' and 7b'
< )MT is a modulation techniue that combines elements of _______ and
_______.
A' F)MC T)M
&' I)MC IAM
(' F)MC IAM
)' PSEC FSE
= The largest portion of the bandwidth for A)S8 carries _______.
A' voice communication
&' upstream data
(' downstream data
)' control data
_______ was designed as an alternative to the T? line.
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A' )S8
&' A)S8
(' S)S8
)' +)S8
@ +)S8 encodes data using _______.
A' ;&3
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A' PSE
&' IAM
(' P(M
)' ASE
?9 -n an +F( networ!, the upstream data are modulated using the _______
modulation techniue.
A' IAM
&' IPSE
(' P(M
)' ASE
?> The standard for data transmission over an +F( networ! is called _______.
A' M(S
&' )2(S-S
(' (MTS
)' A)S8
?; The original telephone networ!, which is referred to as the plain old
telephone system 7P2TS', was an ________ system.
A' digital
&' analog
(' digital as well as analog
)' none of the above
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?< The modern telephone networ! is now ________.
A' digital
&' analog
(' digital as well as analog
)' none of the above
?= The telephone networ! is made of ______ maNor components.
A' 9
&' >
(' ;
)' none of the above
? The 1nited States is divided into many _______.
A' 8/(s
&' 8ATAs
(' -4(s
)' none of the above
?@ The carrier that handles intra8ATA services is called a7n' _____ .
A' P2P
&' -4(
(' 8/(
)' none of the above
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?K The carrier that handles inter8ATA services is called a7n' _______.
A' P2P
&' -4(
(' 8/(
)' none of the above
9D -n ______signaling, the same circuit is used for both signaling and data.
A' inband
&' outofband
(' mi*ed
)' none of the above
9? -n ________signaling, a portion of the bandwidth is used for signaling and
another portion for data.
A' inband
&' outofband
(' mi*ed
)' none of the above
99 The protocol that is used for signaling in the telephone networ! is called
______.
A' P2P
&' SSS
(' SS
)' none of the above
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9> Telephone companies provide two types of analog services5 analog _______
services and analog _____services.
A' switchedC inband
&' outofbandC inband
(' switchedC leased
)' leasedC outofband
9; The two most common digital services are ________ service and ______.
A' switched3
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9 ______technology is a set of technologies develpoed by the telephone
companies to provide high data rate transmission.
A' AS8
&' )S8
(' 8)S
)' none of the above
9@ The traditional cable T system used ________cable end to end.
A' twistedpair
&' coa*ial
(' 0beroptic
)' none of the above
9K The second generation of cable networ!s is called a7n' _________ networ!.
A' +F(
&' +(F
(' (F+
)' none of the above
>D The +F( networ! uses _______ cable.
A' twistedpair
&' coa*ial
(' 0beroptic
)' a combination of 7b' and 7c'
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>? To use a cable networ! for data transmission, we need two !ey devices5 a
______ and a _________
A' (MC (MS
&' (TC (MTS
(' (MC (MTS
)' none of the above
$hich error detection method uses one:s complement arithmetic%
A' Simple parity chec!
&' Twodimensional parity chec!
(' ("(
)' (hec!sum
9 $hich error detection method consists of Nust one redundant bit per data
unit%
A' Simple parity chec!
&' Twodimensional parity chec!
(' ("(
)' (hec!sum
> -n cyclic redundancy chec!ing, what is the ("(%
A' The divisor
&' The uotient
(' The dividend
)' The remainder
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; -n cyclic redundancy chec!ing, the divisor is _______ the ("(.
A' The same si#e as
&' one bit less than
(' one bit more than
)' none of the above
< A burst error means that two or more bits in the data unit have changed.
A' doublebit
&' burst
(' singlebit
)' none of the above
= -n ________ error correction, the receiver corrects errors without reuestingretransmission.
A' bac!ward
&' onward
(' forward
)' none of the above
-n ________ error correction, the receiver as!s the sender to send the data
again.
A' bac!ward
&' retransmission
(' forward
)' none of the above
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@ $e can divide coding schemes into two broad categories5 ________ and
______coding.
A' bloc!C linear
&' linearC nonlinear
(' bloc!C convolution
)' none of the above
K -n modulo9 arithmetic, __________ give the same results.
A' addition and multiplication
&' addition and division
(' addition and subtraction
)' none of the above
?D -n modulo9 arithmetic, we use the ______ operation for both addition and
subtraction.
A' 42"
&' 2"
(' A)
)' none of the above
?? -n _____ coding, we divide our message into bloc!s, each of ! bits, called
___.
A' bloc!C bloc!words
&' linearC datawords
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A' <
&' =
(' ??
)' none of the above
?= -n a linear bloc! code, the _______ of any two valid codewords creates
another valid codeword.
A' 42"ing
&' 2"ing
(' A)ing
)' none of the above
? A simple paritychec! code can detect __________ errors.
A' an evennumber of
&' two
(' no errors
)' an oddnumber of
?@ _______codes are special linear bloc! codes with one e*tra property. -f a
codeword is rotated, the result is another codeword.
A' onlinear
&' (onvolution
(' (yclic
)' none of the above
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?K The _____of errors is more dicult than the ______.
A' correctionC detection
&' detectionC correction
(' creationC correction
)' creationC detection
9D -n modulo?? arithmetic, we use only the integers in the range ______,
inclusive.
A' ? to ?D
&' ? to ??
(' D to ?D
)' none of the above
9? -n modulo9 arithmetic, we use only ______.
A' ? and 9
&' D and 9
(' D and ?
)' none of the above
99 Adding ? and ? in modulo9 arithmetic results in _________.
A' ?
&' 9
(' D
)' none of the above
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9> -n bloc! coding, if ! O9 and n O>, we have _______ invalid codewords.
A' @
&' ;
(' 9
)' none of the above
9; The +amming distance between eual codewords is _________.
A' ?
&' n
(' D
)' none of the above
9< The +amming distance between ?DD and DD? is ________.
A' 9
&' D
(' ?
)' none of the above
9= -n bloc! coding, if n O
(' <
)' none of the above
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9 -f the +amming distance between a dataword and the corresponding
codeword is three, there are _____ bits in error.
A' >
&' ;
(' <
)' none of the above
9@ The _______ of a polynomial is the highest power in the polynomial.
A' range
&' degree
(' power
)' none of the above
9K The divisor in a cyclic code is normally called the _________.
A' degree
&' generator
(' redundancy
)' none of the above
>D A generator that contains a factor of ____ can detect all oddnumbered
errors.
A' *
&' * J ?
(' ?
)' none of the above
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>? (hec!sums use _________ arithmetic.
A' two:s complement arithmetic
&' one:s complement arithmetic
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' none of the above
>9 -n one:s complement arithmetic, if positive is D???, then negative is
________.
A' ????
&' ??D?
(' ?DDD
)' none of the above
>> The chec!sum of ???? and ???? is _________.
A' ????
&' DDDD
(' ???D
)' D???
>; The chec!sum of DDDD and DDDD is __________.
A' ????
&' DDDD
(' ???D
)' D???
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? -n a Bo&ac! A"I, if the window si#e is =>, what is the range of
seuence numbers%
A' D to =>
&' D to =;
(' ? to =>
)' ? to =;
9 -n Bo&ac! A"I, if frames ;, A"I stands for _______.
A' Automatic repeat uanti#ation
&' Automatic repeat reuest
(' Automatic retransmission reuest
)' Ac!nowledge repeat reuest
; For Stopand$ait A"I, for ?D data pac!ets sent, _______
ac!nowledgments are needed.
A' e*actly ?D
&' less than ?D
(' more than ?D
)' none of the above
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< +)8( is an acronym for _______.
A' +ighduple* line communication
&' +ighlevel data lin! control
(' +alfduple* digital lin! combination
)' +ost doublelevel circuit
= )ata lin! control deals with the design and procedures for ______communication.
A' nodetonode
&' hosttohost
(' processtoprocess
)' none of the above
_______ in the data lin! layer separates a message from one source to a
destination, or from other messages going from other sources to other
destinations.
A' )igiti#ing
&' (ontrolling
(' Framing
)' none of the above
@ -n _______ framing, there is no need for de0ning the boundaries of frames.
A' 0*edsi#e
&' variablesi#e
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(' standard
)' none of the above
K -n ________ framing, we need a delimiter 76ag' to de0ne the boundary of
two frames.
A' 0*edsi#e
&' variablesi#e
(' standard
)' none of the above
?D _________framing uses two categories of protocols5 characteroriented and
bitoriented.
A' Fi*edsi#e
&' ariablesi#e
(' Standard
)' one of the above
?? -n a ________ protocol, the data section of a frame is a seuence of
characters.
A' bitoriented
&' characteroriented
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' none of the above
?9 -n a _________ protocol, the data section of a frame is a seuence of bits.
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A' byteoriented
&' bitoriented
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' none of the above
?> -n _________ protocols, we use ________.
A' characterorientedC byte stung
&' characterorientedC bit stung
(' bitorientedC character stung
)' none of the above
?; &yte stung means adding a special byte to the data section of the frame
when there is a character with the same pattern as the ______.
A' header
&' trailer
(' 6ag
)' none of the above
?< -n ________ protocols, we use ________.
A' byteorientedC bit stung
&' characterorientedC bit stung
(' bitorientedC bit stung
)' none of the above
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?= &it stung means adding an e*tra D to the data section of the frame when
there is a seuence of bits with the same pattern as the ________.
A' header
&' trailer
(' 6ag
)' none of the above
? _______ control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of
data that the sender can send before waiting for ac!nowledgment.
A' Flow
&' /rror
(' Transmission
)' none of the above
?@ ______ control refers to methods of error detection and correction.
A' Flow
&' /rror
(' Transmission
)' none of the above
?K The Simplest Protocol and the Stopand$ait Protocol are for ______
channels.
A' noisy
&' noiseless
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
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9D The StopAnd$ait A"I, Bo&ac! A"I, and the Selective "epeat A"I
are for ______ channels.
A' noisy
&' noiseless
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
9? The ____ Protocol has neither 6ow nor error control.
A' Stopand$ait
&' Simplest
(' Bo&ac! A"I
)' Selective"epeat A"I
99 The _______Protocol has 6ow control, but not error control.
A' Stopand$ait
&' Simplest
(' Bo&ac! A"I
)' Selective"epeat A"I
9> The _______Protocol has both 6ow control and error control.
A' Stopand$ait
&' Bo&ac! A"I
(' Selective"epeat A"I
)' both 7b' and 7c'
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9; -n the _____ Protocol, the sender sends its frames one after another with no
regard to the receiver.
A' Stopand$ait
&' Simplest
(' Bo&ac! A"I
)' Selective"epeat A"I
9< -n the _____ Protocol, the sender sends one frame, stops until it receives
con0rmation from the receiver, and then sends the ne*t frame.
A' Stopand$ait
&' Simplest
(' Bo&ac! A"I
)' Selective"epeat A"I
9= The _________Protocol, adds a simple error control mechanism to the
_______Protocol.
A' Stopand$ait A"IC Stopand$ait
&' Bo&ac! A"IC Stopand$ait
(' Selective "epeat A"IC Bo&ac! A"I
)' none of the above
9 -n the _________Protocol, if no ac!nowledgment for a frame has arrived, we
resend all outstanding frames.
A' Stopand$ait A"I
&' Bo&ac! A"I
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(' Selective"epeat A"I
)' none of the above
9@ -n the _________ protocol we avoid unnecessary transmission by sending
only frames that are corrupted.
A' Stopand$ait A"I
&' Bo&ac! A"I
(' Selective"epeat A"I
)' none of the above
9K &oth Bo&ac! and Selective"epeat Protocols use a _________.
A' sliding frame
&' sliding window
(' sliding pac!et
)' none of the above
>D -n Bo&ac! A"I, if < is the number of bits for the seuence number,
then the ma*imum si#e of the send window must be _____
A' ?<
&' ?=
(' >?
)' ?
>? -n Bo&ac! A"I, if < is the number of bits for the seuence number,
then the ma*imum si#e of the receive window must be _____
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A' ?<
&' ?=
(' >?
)' ?
>9 -n Selective "epeat A"I, if < is the number of bits for the seuence
number, then the ma*imum si#e of the send window must be _____
A' ?<
&' ?=
(' >?
)' ?
>> -n Selective "epeat A"I, if < is the number of bits for the seuence
number, then the ma*imum si#e of the receive window must be _____
A' ?<
&' ?=
(' >?
)' ?
>; +ighlevel )ata 8in! (ontrol 7+)8(' is a _______ protocol for
communication over pointtopoint and multipoint lin!s.
A' bitoriented
&' byteoriented
(' characteroriented
)' none of the above
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>< The most common protocol for pointtopoint access is the PointtoPoint
Protocol 7PPP', which is a _________protocol.
A' bitoriented
&' byteoriented
(' characteroriented
)' none of the above
>= _______ control refers to a set of procedures used to restrict the amount of
data that the sender can send before waiting for ac!nowledgment.
A' Flow
&' /rror
(' Transmission
)' none of the above
> _________control in the data lin! layer is based on automatic repeat
reuest, which is the retransmission of data.
A' Flow
&' /rror
(' Transmission
)' none of the above
>@ -n Stopand$ait A"I, we use seuence numbers to number the frames.
The seuence numbers are based on __________arithmetic.
A' modulo9
&' modulo;
(' modulom
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)' none of the above
>K -n Stopand$ait A"I, the ac!nowledgment number always announces in
______ arithmetic the seuence number of the ne*t frame e*pected.
A' modulo9
&' modulo;
(' modulom
)' none of the above
;D -n the Bo&ac! Protocol, if the si#e of the seuence number 0eld is @, the
seuence numbers are in ________ arithmetic,
A' modulo9
&' modulo @
(' modulo9
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&' "M
(' A"M
)' &M
;> -n _________, the con0guration is balanced. The lin! is pointtopoint, and
each station can function as a primary and a secondary.
A' A&M
&' "M
(' A"M
)' &M
;; -n PPP, the ________ is responsible for establishing, maintaining,
con0guring, and terminating lin!s.
A' (P
&' 8(P
(' (+AP
)' PAP
;< -n PPP, ________ is a simple authentication procedure with a twostep
process5
A' (P
&' 8(P
(' (+AP
)' PAP
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;= -n PPP, _______ is a threeway handsha!ing authentication protocol in
which the password is !ept secretC it is never sent online.
A' (P
&' 8(P
(' (+AP
)' PAP
-n ________ each station sends a frame whenever it has a frame to send.
A' pure A82+A
&' slotted A82+A
(' both 7a' and 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
9 -n pure A82+A, the vulnerable time is ______ the frame transmission time.
A' the same as
&' two times
(' three times
)' none of the above
> The ma*imum throughput for pure A82+A is ________ per cent.
A' ?9.9
&' ?@.;
(' >=.@
)' none of the above
; -n __________, each station is forced to send only at the beginning of the
time slot.
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A' pure A82+A
&' slotted A82+A
(' both 7a' and 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
< -n slotted A82+A, the vulnerable time is ______ the frame transmission
time.
A' the same as
&' two times
(' three times
)' none of the above
= The ma*imum throughput for pure A82+A is ________ per cent.
A' ?9.9
&' ?@.;
(' >=.@
)' none of the above
The vulnerable time for (SMA is the ________propagation time.
A' the same as
&' two times
(' three times
)' none of the above
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@ -n the _________ method, after the station 0nds the line idle, it sends its
frame immediately. -f the line is not idle, it continuously senses the line until it
0nds it idle.
A' nonpersistent
&' ?persistent
(' ppersistent
)' none of the above
K -n the ________method, a station that has a frame to send senses the line.
-f the line is idle, it sends immediately. -f the line is not idle, it waits a randomamount of time and then senses the line again.
A' nonpersistent
&' ?persistent
(' ppersistent
)' none of the above
?D -n the _______method, after the station 0nds the line idle it sends or refrain
from sending based on the outcome of a random number generator. -f the line is
busy, it tries again.
A' nonpersistent
&' ?persistent
(' ppersistent
)' none of the above
?? $e have categori#ed access methods into _______ groups.
A' two
&' three
(' four
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)' 0ve
?9 -n ___________ methods, no station is superior to another station and none
is assigned the control over another.
A' random access
&' controlled access
(' channeli#ation
)' none of the above
?> -n ______, the chance of collision can be reduced if a station senses the
medium before trying to use it.
A' MA
&' (SMA
(' F)MA
)' ()MA
?; ________ reuires that each station 0rst listen to the medium before
sending.
A' MA
&' (SMA
(' F)MA
)' ()MA
?< __________ augments the (SMA algorithm to detect collision.
A' (SMA3(A
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&' (SMA3()
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' both 7a' and 7b'
?= -n ________, a station monitors the medium after it sends a frame to see if
the transmission was successful. -f so, the station is 0nished. -f, however, there is
a collision, the frame is sent again.
A' (SMA3(A
&' (SMA3()
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' both 7a' and 7b'
? To avoid collisions on wireless networ!s, ________was invented.
A' (SMA3(A
&' (SMA3()
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' both 7a' and 7b'
?@ -n _______, collisions are avoided through the use of three strategies5 the
interframe space, the contention window, and ac!nowledgments.
A' (SMA3(A
&' (SMA3()
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' both 7a' and 7b'
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?K -n _______ methods, the stations consult one another to 0nd which station
has the right to send.
A' random access
&' controlled access
(' channeli#ation
)' none of the above
9D -n _______ methods, a station cannot send unless it has been authori#ed by
other stations.
A' random access
&' controlled access
(' channeli#ation
)' none of the above
9? $e discussed ______ popular controlledaccess methods.
A' two
&' three
(' four
)' none of the above
99 -n the ________ method, a station needs to ma!e a reservation before
sending data. Time is divided into intervals.
A' reservation
&' polling
(' to!en passing
)' none of the above
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9> -n the _____ method, time is divided into intervals. -n each interval, a
reservation frame precedes the data frames sent in that interval.
A' reservation
&' polling
(' to!en passing
)' none of the above
9; -n the ______ method, all data e*changes must be made through the
primary device even when the ultimate destination is a secondary device.
A' reservation
&' polling
(' to!en passing
)' none of the above
9< -n the _______ method, the primary device controls the lin!C the secondary
devices follow its instructions.
A' reservation
&' polling
(' to!en passing
)' none of the above
9= -n the _______ method, the stations in a networ! are organi#ed in a logical
ring.
A' reservation
&' polling
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(' to!en passing
)' none of the above
9 -n the _______ method, each station has a predecessor and a successor.
A' reservation
&' polling
(' to!en passing
)' none of the above
9@ -n the _________ method, a special pac!et called a ______ circulates through
the ring.
A' reservation5 control frame
&' polling5 poll reuest
(' to!en passing5 to!en
)' none of the above
9K _________ is a multipleaccess method in which the available bandwidth of
a lin! is shared in time, freuency, or through code, between diGerent stations.
A' "andom access
&' (ontrolled access
(' (hanneli#ation
)' none of the above
>D $e discussed ________ channeli#ation protocols.
A' two
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&' three
(' four
)' none of the above
>? -n ________, the available bandwidth is divided into freuency bands.
A' F)MA
&' T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
>9 -n ______, each station is allocated a band to send its data. -n other words,
each band is reserved for a speci0c station, and it belongs to the station all the
time.
A' F)MA
&' T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
>> -n _______, the stations share the bandwidth of the channel in time.
A' F)MA
&' T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
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>; -n _____, each station is allocated a time slot during which it can send data.
/ach station transmits its data in its assigned time slot.
A' F)MA
&' T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
>< -n _____, each station transmits its data in its assigned time slot.
A' F)MA
&' T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
>= -n ______, the stations use diGerent codes to achieve multiple access.
A' F)MA
&' T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
> _______ is based on coding theory and uses seuences of numbers called
chips.
A' F)MA
&' T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
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>@ -n _______, the seuences are generated using orthogonal codes such the
$alsh tables.
A' F)MA
&' T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
$hat is the he*adecimal euivalent of the /thernet address D?D??D?D DDD?DDD?
D?D?D?D? DDD??DDD ?D?D?D?D DDDD????%
A'
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; $hich of the following could not be an /thernet unicast destination%
A' ;>5&5=(5)/5?D5DD
&' ;;5AA5(?59>5;9
(' ;=5
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@ The _______ layer of /thernet consists of the 88( sublayer and the MA(
sublayer.
A' data lin!
&' physical
(' networ!
)' none of the above
K The _____ sublayer is responsible for the operation of the (SMA3() access
method and framing.
A' 88(
&' M--
(' MA(
)' none of the above
?D /ach station on an /thernet networ! has a uniue _______ address
imprinted on its networ! interface card 7-('.
A' 9
&' @D
(' ?9@
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)' none of the above
?9 The ma*imum frame length for ?DMbps /thernet is ________ bytes.
A' ?
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)' ?D&aseF
?= ________ uses 0beroptic cable.
A' ?D&ase<
&' ?D&ase9
(' ?D&aseT
)' ?D&aseF
? Fast /thernet has a data rate of ________Mbps.
A' ?D
&' ?DD
(' ?DDD
)' ?D,DDD
?@ -n _________, autonegotiation allows two devices to negotiate the mode or
data rate of operation.
A' Standard
&' Fast /thernet
(' Bigabit /thernet
)' TenBigabit /thernet
?K __________ uses two pairs of twistedpair cable.
A' ?DD&aseT4
&' ?DD&aseF4
(' ?DD&aseT;
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)' none of the above
9D _________ uses two 0beroptic cables.
A' ?DD&aseT4
&' ?DD&aseF4
(' ?DD&aseT;
)' none of the above
9? _________ uses four pairs of voicegrade, or higher, twistedpair cable.
A' ?DD&aseT4
&' ?DD&aseF4
(' ?DD&aseT;
)' none of the above
99 Bigabit /thernet has a data rate of ________Mbps.
A' ?D
&' ?DD
(' ?DDD
)' ?D,DDD
9> Bigabit /thernet access methods include _______ mode.
A' halfduple*
&' fullduple*
(' both 7a' and 7b'
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)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
9; __________ uses two optical 0bers and a shortwave laser source,
A' ?DDD&aseS4
&' ?DDD&ase84
(' ?DDD&aseT
)' none of the above
9< __________uses two optical 0bers and a longwave laser source.
A' ?DDD&aseS4
&' ?DDD&ase84
(' ?DDD&aseT
)' none of the above
9= __________ uses four twisted pairs.
A' ?DDD&aseS4
&' ?DDD&ase84
(' ?DDD&aseT
)' none of the above
9 ________ uses shortwave @
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)' none of the above
9@ ________uses longwave ?>?Dnm single mode 0ber.
A' ?DB&aseS
&' ?DB&ase8
(' ?DB&ase/
)' none of the above
9K ________ uses ?D -n /thernet addressing, if the least signi0cant bit of the 0rst byte is D, the
address is _________.
A' unicast
&' multicast
(' broadcast
)' none of the above
>? -n /thernet addressing, if the least signi0cant bit of the 0rst byte is ?, the
address is _________.
A' unicast
&' multicast
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(' broadcast
)' none of the above
>9 -n /thernet addressing, if all the bits are ?s, the address is _________.
A' unicast
&' multicast
(' broadcast
)' none of the above
>> ______de0nes a protocol data unit 7P)1' that is somewhat similar to that of
+)8(.
A' MA(
&' 88(
(' 881
)' none of the above
>; The purpose of the _______ is to provide 6ow and error control for the
upperlayer protocols that actually demand these services
A' MA(
&' 88(
(' 881
)' none of the above
>< -n the /thernet, the _______0eld is actually added at the physical layer and
is not 7formally' part of the frame.
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A' ;&3
)' Manchester
;? ?DDD&aseS4, ?DDD&ase84, and ?DDD&ase(4 use _________ bloc! coding
and ________ line coding.
A' ;&3
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&' -/// @D9.<
(' -/// @D9.??
)' -/// @D9.9
9 -n -/// @D9.??, a ___ is made of stationary or mobile wireless stations and
an optional central base station, !nown as the access point 7AP'.
A' /SS
&' &SS
(' (SS
)' none of the above
> -n -/// @D9.??, a &SS without an AP is called an _________.
A' an ad hoc architecture
&' an infrastructure networ!
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
; -n -/// @D9.??, a &SS with an AP is sometimes referred to as ____________.
A' an ad hoc architecture
&' an infrastructure networ!
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
< -n -/// @D9.??, communication between two stations in two diGerent &SSs
usually occurs via two ________.
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A' &SSs
&' /SSs
(' APs
)' none of the above
= -n -/// @D9.??, a station with ________ mobility is either stationary 7not
moving' or moving only inside a &SS.
A' notransition
&' &SStransition
(' /SStransition
)' none of the above
-n -/// @D9.??, a station with ________mobility can move from one &SS to
another, but the movement is con0ned inside one /SS.
A' notransition
&' &SStransition
(' /SStransition
)' none of the above
@ -n -/// @D9.??, a station with ________ mobility can move from one /SS to
another.
A' notransition
&' &SStransition
(' /SStransition
)' none of the above
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K -n -/// @D9.??, _______ is an optional access method that can be
implemented in an infrastructure networ! 7not in an ad hoc networ!'.
A' )(F
&' P(F
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
?D -n -/// @D9.??, when a frame is going from one station in a &SS to another
without passing through the distribution system, the address 6ag is _____
A' DD
&' D?
(' ?D
)' ??
?? -n -/// @D9.??, when a frame is coming from an AP and going to a station,
the address 6ag is _______.
A' DD
&' D?
(' ?D
)' ??
?9 -n -/// @D9.??, when a frame is going from a station to an AP, the address
6ag is _____.
A' DD
&' D?
(' ?D
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)' ??
?> -n -/// @D9.??, when a frame is going from one AP to another AP in a
wireless distribution system, the address 6ag is _____
A' DD
&' D?
(' ?D
)' ??
?; The -/// @D9.?? standard for wireless 8As de0nes two services5 ______
and _______.
A' &SSC ASS
&' /SSC SSS
(' &SSC /SS
)' &SSC )(F
?< -n -/// @D9.??, the access method used in the )(F sublayer is _________.
A' A82+A
&' (SMA3(A
(' (SMA3()
)' none of the above
?= -n -/// @D9.??, the access method used in the P(F sublayer is ______.
A' contention
&' controlled
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(' polling
)' none of the above
? -n -/// @D9.??, the ______ is a timer used for collision avoidance.
A' A
&' &SS
(' /SS
)' none of the above
?@ -n -/// @D9.??, the MA( layer frame has ______ 0elds.
A' four
&' 0ve
(' si*
)' none of the above
?K -n -/// @D9.??, the addressing mechanism can include up to
______addresses.
A' four
&' 0ve
(' si*
)' none of the above
9D The original -/// @D9.??, uses _________.
A' F+SS
&' )SSS
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(' 2F)M
)' either 7a' or 7b'
9? The -/// @D9.??a, uses _________.
A' F+SS
&' )SSS
(' 2F)M
)' either 7a' or 7b'
99 The -/// @D9.??b, uses _________.
A' F+SS
&' )SSS
(' 2F)M
)' either 7a' or 7b'
9> The -/// @D9.??g, uses _________.
A' F+SS
&' )SSS
(' 2F)M
)' either 7a' or 7b'
9; The original -/// @D9.??, has a data rate of _____Mbps.
A' ?
&' =
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(' ??
)' 99
9< -/// @D9.??a, has a data rate of _____Mbps.
A' ?
&' 9
(' =
)' none of the above
9= -/// @D9.??b, has a data rate of _____Mbps.
A' ?
&' 9
('
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(' si*
)' none of the above
9K &luetooth is a _______ technology that connects devices 7called gadgets' in
a small area.
A' wired 8A
&' wireless 8A
(' 8A
)' none of the above
>D A &luetooth networ! is called a ________.
A' piconet
&' scatternet
(' bluenet
)' none of the above
>? -n &luetooth, multiple ________ form a networ! called a _________.
A' scatternetC piconets
&' piconets5 scatternet
(' piconets5 bluenet
)' bluenetC scatternet
>9 A &luetooth networ! consists of _____ primary device7s' and up to ____
secondary devices.
A' oneC 0ve
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&' 0veC three
(' twoC si*
)' oneC seven
>> The "TS and (TS frames in (SMA3(A ____ solve the hidden station
problem. The "TS and (TS frames in (SMA3(A ____ solve the e*posed station
problem.
A' canC cannot
&' cannotC can
(' canC can
)' cannotC cannot
>; -n &luetooth, the current data rate is ____Mbps
A' 9
&' <
(' ??
)' none of the above
>< -n &luetooth, the _______ layer is roughly euivalent to the physical layer of
the -nternet model.
A' radio
&' baseband
(' 89(AP
)' none of the above
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>= -n &luetooth, the _____layer is roughly euivalent to the MA( sublayer in
8As.
A' radio
&' baseband
(' 89(AP
)' none of the above
> -n &luetooth, the 89(AP sublayer, is roughly euivalent to the 88( sublayer
in 8As.
A' radio
&' baseband
(' 89(AP
)' none of the above
>@ The access method in &luetooth is ________.
A' F)MA
&' T))T)MA
(' ()MA
)' none of the above
>K -n &luetooth, the _____ lin! is used when avoiding latency 7delay in data
delivery' is more important than integrity 7errorfree delivery'.
A' S(2
&' A(8
(' A(2
)' S(8
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;D -n &luetooth, the _____ lin! is used when data integrity is more important
than avoiding latency.
A' S(2
&' A(8
(' A(2
)' S(8
;? &luetooth uses ______method in the physical layer to avoid interference
from other devices or other networ!s.
A' )SSS
&' F+SS
(' F)MA
)' none of the above
A repeater is a connecting device that operates in the _______ layer of the
-nternet model.
A' physical
&' data lin!
(' networ!
)' all of the above
9 A _______ regenerates a signal, connects segments of a 8A, and has no
0ltering capability.
A' repeater
&' bridge
(' router
)' none of the above
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> A _______ is a connecting device that operates in the physical and data lin!
layers of the -nternet model.
A' repeater
&' bridge
(' router
)' none of the above
; A ________ bridge can forward and 0lter frames and automatically build its
forwarding table.
A' simple
&' dual
(' transparent
)' none of the above
< A bridge can use the _________ algorithm to create a loopless topology.
A' binary tree
&' spanning tree
(' multiway tree
)' none of the above
= A _______ 8A allows several 8As to be connected.
A' bac!bone
&' wireless
(' wired
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)' none of the above
A bac!bone is usually a ______.
A' bus
&' star
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
@ A virtual local area networ! 78A' is con0gured by _________.
A' software
&' physical wiring
(' hardware
)' none of the above
K Membership in a 8A can be based on _________.
A' port numbers
&' MA( addresses
(' -P addresses
)' all of the above
?D 8As can_________.
A' reduce networ! trac
&' provide an e*tra measure of security
(' either 7a' or 7b'
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)' both 7a' and 7b'
?? _________ is Nust a connector.
A' An active hub
&' A passive hub
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
?9 -n a startopology /thernet 8A, _______ is Nust a point where the signals
coming from diGerent stations collideC it is the collision point.
A' An active hub
&' A passive hub
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
?> ________ is part of the mediaC its location in the -nternet model is below the
physical layer.
A' An active hub
&' A passive hub
(' either 7a' or 7b'
)' neither 7a' nor 7b'
?; A _______ is a device that operates only in the physical layer.
A' passive hub
&' repeater
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(' bridge
)' router
?< A ________receives a signal and, before it becomes too wea! or corrupted,
regenerates the original bit pattern. -t then sends the refreshed signal.
A' passive hub
&' repeater
(' bridge
)' router
?= A __________ forwards every frameC it has no 0ltering capability.
A' passive hub
&' repeater
(' bridge
)' router
? ________ is actually a multiport repeater. -t is normally used to create
connections between stations i