NETWORK AWARE ENERGY-EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL (NAEEC) FOR HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS A Clustering Protocol Multimedia & Networking

NETWORK AWARE ENERGY-EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL (NAEEC) FOR HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

A Clustering Protocol

Multimedia & Networking Lab

By : Manoj K. Garg

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Advisor : Dr. Balakrishnan Prabhakaran

Overview

Introduction Problem Statement Related Work System Model Propose NAEEC Protocol Simulation Results Our Contribution Future Work


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Homogeneous Vs Heterogeneous WSN Wireless sensor networks (WSN)

Large number of distributed sensor Nodes works in cooperation Application: Surveillance, machine failure

diagnosis, and chemical/ biological detection Homogeneous sensor networks

Sensor nodes with identical characteristics Most common characteristics: Power, Processing,

Storage and Radio capabilities Heterogeneous sensor networks

Sensor nodes with different level of common characteristics


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Motivation

Applications for Heterogeneous WSN Re-energization of sensor networks Practical constraints such as Cost Different energy or resources consumption

Sensor nodes are energy critical Small battery size Embedded batteries, difficult recharging or

changing procedures Wireless transmission costlier than local

computationMultimedia & Networking Lab

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Network Architecture


Task Manager Node

Sink Internet &

Satellite

Sensor Field

Sensor Nodes

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Problem Statement

Direct transmission Nodes that are far away from the sink would die first

Muti-hop transmission Nodes near the sink acts as relay with very high probability Nodes near to the sink die first

TDMA technique Transmission is random Large number of sensor nodes

The clustering schemes Homogeneous clustering scheme doe snot result an

optimize solution We need to design an new clustering protocol

with the MAC layer support to save the sensor’s energy in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks


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Related Work – LEACH

LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive clustering Hierarchy) A clustering protocol for homogeneous/heterogeneous SN A probabilistic method Based on residual energy relative to the current system

energy Advantage

Distribute the cluster-head load Avoid the need for global network knowledge.

Disadvantage Doesn't guarantee that high energy/resources nodes

always be chosen as cluster-head Doesn’t control the number and even placement of

cluster-heads


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Related Work – SEP, DEEC, SWEET SEP , DEEC , SWEET

Variation of LEACH Work effectively for heterogeneous

networks None of them targets the efficient cluster-

head placement problem of LEACH Do not reduce the initial high energy

requirement and the number of dead nodes formed over time


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Related Work – other algorithms Based on two types of sensor nodes type-I and type-II. Type-II sensor nodes

More powerful . Fewer in number . Called overlay sensors.

Type-I sensor nodes Normal sensor nodes. Report to the overlay nodes.

The system model Assumes pre-estimated fraction, and position of overlay

sensor nodes. No applicable when node heterogeneity is a result of the

operation of the sensor network and not a choice of optimal network setting.


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System Model

Large number of small-sized nodes. Fraction of nodes (α) are equipped with the

additional energy . The nodes are uniquely numbered,

randomly distributed and not mobile. Nodes can control their transmission power

levels and have the capability to directly reach the sink.

Sink is not energy-limited and is located at the center of sensor networks.

The coordinates of the sink is known to every node in the network.


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System Model

The energy consumption model can be given by equation To transmit M bits across a distance dEnergy (M, d) = Et x M + Etckt x M x d2

To receive a message from a distance dEnergyrcvd = Etckt x M

Et : Transmission energy.

Etckt : Energy to run transceiver circuit


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NAEEC - Introduction

Network operates in rounds. Length application specific Distribute the node role, and further the cluster-

head role Reflect the network changes on the protocol

execution Executed in the beginning of a round to build

the initial intelligent infrastructure. Consist of phases namely setup phase,

configuration phase and execution phase. Each phase consists of a number of sub-phases

Fixed length Number of sub-phases depends on the termination

condition achieved in a phase.Multimedia & Networking Lab

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Time Line of NAEEC Protocol


Time

Round

3-Phases

Setup Phase

Configuration

Execution

STA

CTA

ETATime Line of NAEEC

Protocol

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Types of messages

Introduction message Energy Level (EL) value Node Id

Reply message Node Id

Beacon message Time slot information


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NAEEC - Setup Phase


Use threshold value to divide the nodes into Candidate cluster-head Non-cluster head

Candidate cluster-head: Broadcast introduction message. Receive introduction message from other

nodes. Non cluster-head:

Receive introduction message Node stores EL value.

Look for the node with highest EL value.

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NAEEC - Setup Phase continue…


At End of Setup Phase: Division of Candidate cluster-head nodes

Cluster Heads (A): Sensor nodes directly communicating with the sink or base station.

Cluster Heads (B): Sensor nodes communicate with level (A) Cluster Heads.

Each node knows its next hop communicating node.

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NAEEC - Configuration Phase


Cluster Heads (A): Receives the reply messages.

Cluster Heads (B): Send the reply message. Receives the reply messages.

Non Cluster Heads: Send the reply message.

At the end of Configuration phase Cluster-head knows the size of the cluster

head, and its cluster members.

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NAEEC - Execution Phase


Cluster Heads (A): Broadcast the beacon messages.

Cluster Heads (B): Listen to receive the beacon messages. Broadcast the beacon messages.

Non Cluster Heads: Listen to receive the beacon messages.

At the end of Configuration phase Every cluster-head and non-cluster head

node knows its contention free time slot.

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Simulation Setup


N = 300 to 800. Area of A = 400 meter

square. Etckt = 50nJ/bit Et = 100pJ/byte Message size, M =400 bytes Communication range is 30

meters Threshold energy is 6J

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Fraction of Nodes

Energy Level

α1 = 90% EL1 = 6J

α2 = 5% EL2 = 9J

α3 = 3% EL3 = 8J

α4 = 2% EL4 = 7J

Simulation Results


Energy Requirement (E) Vs Field Area (A).

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Simulation - Continue


Energy Requirement (E) Vs Number of Sensor Nodes (N).

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Simulation -Continue


Number of Dead Node Formed in a Round.

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Conclusion


Proposed an energy-efficient deterministic distributed clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks.

Unlike LEACH and other heterogeneous clustering protocols, NAEEC provides: Efficient distribution of cluster-heads Reduce the energy requirement Number of dead nodes formed over time.

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Our Contribution

A distributed deterministic clustering protocol that Evaluates and compares the node

characteristics with its neighbors to decide its role in the network.

Always makes sure that the high energy nodes are chosen as cluster-heads .

Provide efficient distribution of sensor nodes. Reduces the number of dead nodes formed

over time.


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Future Work


Designing of the MAC layer We are working on the MAC layer design

that support the execution of the NAEEC protocol.

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Appendix


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Yes

IS EL > TH

?

Start

IS EE or OO

?

IS RTS/CTS

?

Broadcast IM

No

Yes

Yes

Listen Channel

No Listen Channel

NoTry for

RTS-CTS

Listen Channel

No + Sub-

Phase Ends

Yes

Start

Is CH- A

?

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Try Again RTS-CTS

Send Reply

Yes

Try Again RTS-CTSNoIs

CH- B ?

IS EE or OO

?

IS EE or OO

?

IS RTS/CTS

?

IS RTS/CTS

?

Listen Channel Listen

Channel

Listen ChannelSend

Reply

No + Sub-

Phase Ends

No + Sub-Phase Ends

No

No

Yes

WaitNo

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Start

Is CH- A

?

Is CH- B

?

IS EE or OO ?

IS EE or OO

?

IS RTS/CTS

?

IS RTS/CTS

?

Try Again RTS-CTS

Try Again RTS-CTS

Broadcast BM

No + Sub-

Phase Ends

Listen Channel

Broadcast BM

Listen Channel No + Sub-Phase Ends

Thank you!!

Questions


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Documents

NETWORK AWARE ENERGY-EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL (NAEEC) FOR HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS A Clustering Protocol Multimedia & Networking