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Network AdministrationNetwork Administration
( Structured Cabling
Ipv4, Basic LAN)Cyrene T. Palparan, ECE, CCNA
Structured cabling terms� MDF(main distribution frame)- A telecommunications room or
wiring closet, in a small, single-floor network
It is where all of the network cable concentrates to a single point
IDF(Intermediate Distribution Facilities)-additional wiring closets required
Some terms to considered in
designing� Backbone cable: The part of a network that handles the
major traffic
� Cable labeling system: Proper labeling system or scheme to identify cables
� Electrical considerations: Premises should have adequate outlets to support electrical requirements of network equipment
� Cable management system: Series of trays and straps used to guide and protect cable runs
STRUCTURED CABLING BEST
PRACTICES� 1.Type of cable should depends on the data that will flow on it.
� 2. Cable standards specify maximum lengths for different types of cables. Always adhere to the length restrictions for the type of cable being installed.
� 3. UTP, like all copper cable, is susceptible to EMI. It is important to install cable away from sources of interference such as high-voltage cables and fluorescent lighting. Televisions, computer monitors and microwaves are other possible sources of interference. In some environments it may be necessary to install data cables in conduit to protect them from EMI and RFI.
� 4. Improper termination and the use of low quality cables and connectors can degrade the signal carrying capacity of the cable. Always follow the rules for cable termination and test to verify that the termination has been done properly.
� 5. Test all cable installations to ensure proper connectivity and operation.
� 6. Label all cables as they are installed, and record the location of cables in network documentation.
Ip v4 address� The IP address is a logical network address that identifies a
particular host(alias)
� Operates on the Network Layer
Ipv4 structure� An IP address is simply a series of 32 binary bits (ones and
zeros). It is very difficult for humans to read a binary IP address. For this reason, the 32 bits are grouped into four 8-bit bytes called octets.
� 11000000.10101000.0000000100000101
Subnet mask (basic)
-allows the flow of network
traffic between hosts to be
segregated based on a network
configuration
255.255.255.0—11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
means the first 3 octet are for network
And the last octet is for the host
Cidr=24
Now try….� 255.255.0.0
� binary=� binary=
� What octet Is for network?
� What octet is for host?
� Cidr=
Now try….� 255.255.0.0
� binary=11111111.11111111.00000000.0000000� binary=11111111.11111111.00000000.0000000
� What octet Is for network?1st and 2nd
� What octet is for host?3rd and 4th
� Cidr=/16
Now try….� 255.0.0.0
� Binary=� Binary=
� What octet Is for network?
� What octet is for host?
� Cidr=
Now try….� 255.0.0.0
� binary=11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000� binary=11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
� What octet Is for network?1st
� What octet is for host?2nd, 3rd and 4th
� Cidr= /8
How subnet mask and ip address
interact
H1 will check the subnet mask coming from H2. H1 will check the
subnet mask to know what octet is for the network and what is for the host. If the
H1 finds that they have same subnet mask as to H2, H1 will check the
IP address of H2 if they are the same network address. On the figure
Above, H1 and H2 will communicate since they are on the same network
Address based on the subnet mask.
exercise
Determine what network the host resides
192.168.22.5 192.168.22.0/192.168.22.5
192.168.23.4
192.168.22.2
10.10.10.1
11.11.11.12
172.15.213.22
172.16.222.23
192.168.22.0/
24 network
10.0.0.0
/8network
172.16.0.0
/16network
exercise
Determine what network the host resides
192.168.22.5 192.168.22.0 192.168.22.5192.168.23.4
192.168.25.2
10.10.10.111.11.11.12
172.15.213.22
172.16.222.23
192.168.22.0
network
10.0.0.0
network
172.16.0.0
network
Determining the number of host
available on a particular mask
importance;
in order to determine the number of host in a give mask
# of host:2^(number of zero on the host octet)
So for …255.255.255.0
11111111.11111111.11111111.0000000011111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
The number zero on the host octet should be used
2^8=256 HOSTS
AND
254 USABLE HOST(CAN BE ASSIGNED ON THE INTERFACE INCLUDING THE DEFAULT GATEWAY)
Why? � Because two ip is reserved for broadcast and the network
address
broadcast ip address- is the last ip on the network
network address- is the first ip on the network
Exercise � For example
192.168.100.0 subnet mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.0 subnet mask 255.255.255.0
� 192.168.100.0 is the subnet address
� 192.168.100.1 is the first usable address
� 192.168.100.254 is the last usable address
� 192.168.100.255 is the broadcast address
For example � What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.0 mask
255.255.255.0?
� What are the usable address?
192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254
For example � What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.0 mask
255.255.255.0?
� What are the usable address?
now try!!!255.255.0.0
Cidr=
Binary equivalent=
Number of hosts=
Number of usable hosts=
And also
172.16.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
Broadcast address=
Subnet address
Last usable ip=
now try!!!255.255.0.0
Cidr=/ 16
Binary equivalent=11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Number of hosts=65536
Number of usable hosts=65534
And also
172.16.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
Broadcast address=172.16.255.255
Subnet address-172.16.0.0
Last usable ip=172.16.255.254
RESERVED PRIVATE IP
ASSIGNED� 10.0.0.0 UP TO 10.255.255.254
� 172.16.0.0 UP TO 172.32.255.254� 172.16.0.0 UP TO 172.32.255.254
� 192.168.0.0 UP T0 192.168.255.254
AND THE REST ARE PUBLIC IP (INTERNET)
AND CANNOT BE USED ON THE NETWORK
Collision domain -A collision domain is a logical network segment where data packets can “collide” with one another for being sent on a shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet networking protocol (analogy)
Collision domain -A collision domain is a logical network segment where data packets can “collide” with one another for being sent on a shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet networking protocol (analogy)
Imagine a road using one lane only to be used for
both direction. It means one car can only pass unto
road while some car will wait until the car had pass road while some car will wait until the car had pass
unto the road.
CSMA-CD( Carrier Sense Multi
Access- Collision Detection
� I f the two will sent a data simultaneously on the same collision domain, There will be a collision and will be detected using CSMA- CD. The computer will said the network will be jam and wait for a will be jam and wait for a particular time in order to send again( used by Hub)
� CSMA- Collision Avoidance-
used on wireless communication on routers and Access points.
Broadcast Domain- A broadcast domain is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by broadcast at the data link layer.
NETWORK DEVICES
One collision domain Collision domain depends
on number of port
hub SWITCH
H
on number of port
Divides the bandwidth
by the number of user Dedicated bandwidth
Half duplex Full duplex
Layer 1 Layer 2
One broadcast domain
NETWORK DEVICES
Collision domain depends
on number of port
router SWITCH
Collision domain depends
on number of porton number of port
Dedicated bandwidthDedicated bandwidth
Full duplex Full duplex
Layer 3 Layer 2
One broadcast in
every port One broadcast for
every port
Used to connect two
different networkUsed to connect pc on the
same network
Exercise( 100 MBPS hub)� How many collision? 1
� How many broadcast?1
� Bandwidth on each pc?33.33 MBps
100 MBPs switch� How many collision domain?2
� How many broadcast domain?1
� Bandwidth on each pc?100 MBPS
100 MBps hub and 100 MBps
switch
How many collision domain?
How many broadcast domain?
Bandwidth on each pc?
100 MBps hub and 100 MBps
switch
How many collision domain? 3
How many broadcast domain?1
Bandwidth on each pc?
PC0-33MBPS PC1=33MBPS PC2= 33MBPS PC3-
100MBPS PC4= MBPS