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NETE4631 Cloud deployment models and migration. Lecture Notes #5. Recap – Service-Oriented Architecture SOA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NETE4631Cloud deployment models
and migration
Lecture Notes #5
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Recap – Service-Oriented Architecture SOA
“A service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an application framework that takes everyday business applications and breaks them down into individual business functions and processes, called services. An SOA lets you build, deploy, and integrate these services independent of applications and the computing platforms on which they run.” –IBM“
Some of the characteristics Increasing nature of distributed systems Heterogeneity of systems and computing environments Transparency of communication infrastructure details
Recap (2) - SOA Enabling Technologies Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) Web Services (SOAP, WSDL, UDDI)
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Business Process Modeling (BPM)
BPM addresses process flow and service invocations to form useful works.
Two integration methods Orchestration Choreography
WS- BPEL (orchestration-like) A language standard for WS interactions View business process as a collection of
activity graphs Provides command for defining logic using
conditional statements, loops, variable etc.
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Recap (3) - SOA and Cloud
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Service Models and their risks
6Modified from Cloud Computing Impact on future enterprise architectures, Schekkerman, J.
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Service and Deployment Models
Lecture Outline Cloud deployment models Business case Moving applications to the cloud
Application attributes Cloud service attributes System abstraction Cloud bursting Application and cloud APIs Migration of SOA-based Applications to
the Cloud
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Cloud Deployment Models (NIST)
Public clouds Private clouds Hybrid clouds
9The models by the US National institute of standards and technology (NIST)
Public Clouds
Infrastructure is for public use Own by organization selling cloud
services Potential advantage
No risk in infrastructure Potential disadvantage
Lack of security
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Key public cloud providers
Google Google Docs, Google App Engine
(GAE) EMC Corporation
Parent company of VMWare, one of the leading companies in virtualization
Microsoft Azure Platform Amazon Web Services (EC2 and S3) Salesforce.com (force.com)
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Partnership for cloud providers
Yahoo! Research Computational Research Laboratories
(CRL) Super computer with more than 14,
000 processors SAP and IBM
Resources and Services Virtualization Without Barriers (RESERVOIR)
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Partnership for cloud providers (2)
IBM POWER6 –Live Partition Mobility capacity
HP, Intel, and Yahoo! OPEN CIRRUS: A Global Cloud
Computing Testbed IBM and Amazon
IBM DB2, Informix Dynamic Server, WebSphere Portal, Lotus Web Content Management, WebSphere eMash, and Novell’s SUSE Linux operating system
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Private Clouds
Private cloud has different meanings to different people
But Basically, it’s a cloud infrastructure set up, managed, and upgraded by an organization or community for their own use (private use)
Full control of all resources and technologies
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Private Clouds (2)
Commercial vendors are entering in this domain quite fast and Open Source providers are also there Eucalyptus, Ubuntu
Potential advantage Security
Potential disadvantage Infrastructure cost
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Hybrid Clouds
Combine multiple clouds (private and public) Each cloud retains its unique
characteristics, but bound together as a unit
Potential advantage Security and Infrastructure cost
Potential disadvantage Policies compliance???,
Synchronization???
Other types of clouds
Virtual private clouds (VPC) Run on top of public cloud Leverage VPN technology to
customize network topology and security setting
Advantage – infrastructure and security
Example, Amazon Web Services
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Other types of clouds (2)
Community clouds Serve a common function or purpose
of multiple units Share common concerns such as mission,
policies, security and regulatory compliances
Units can be within one organization or multiple organizations
Advantage Cost – shared infrastructure cost Security – higher level of security and privacy
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Business case
Dimensions to consider to save cost Ongoing operational cost reduction The value of preserving capital The value of upsizing on demand The value of downsizing on demand The value of agility The value of reuse The value of coolness
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Operational Cost Reduction
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Upsize and downsize on demand
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Case Study on Oil & Gas Industry
The migration use-case of an IT System From a company’s in-house data
center To Amazon EC2
22System Overview
System Deployed in the Cloud
Infrastructure costs Company C paid £104,000 to Company B
for the system in 2005, £19,400 of which was for the system’s infrastructure.
In addition, C paid B £43,000 per year for system support and maintenance, £3600 of which is for the running costs of the system infrastructure.
Over a 5 year period, the total cost of the system infrastructure is therefore: £19,400 + (5 x £3,600) = £37000
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Price Comparision Amazon EC2 provides an option of using
either small or large server instances depending on the amount of CPU power and RAM required.
In Cloud, 37% cheaper compared to 1 small and 1 large server instance
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Support and Maintenance
In 2005, 218 Support calls have been made regarding the operation of the system.
The majority were about software problems. 45 calls were related to the system’s
infrastructure. 38 calls – backup problems 5 calls – network problems 2 calls – power outages at B
In cloud – 21% eliminated
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Stakeholders’ Impact Analysis
Stakeholders’ impact analysis is a method of identifying potential sources of benefits and risks from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders.
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The steps to do business case
Understanding the existing issues Assign costs Model “as is” Model “to be” Define value points Define hard benefits Define soft benefits Create business case
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Moving applications to the cloud
Deploy Application to the cloud? Entirely or Part of the application is on the
local system and another part is in the cloud Migration involves
Functionality Mapping - Identification of potential benefits associated with migration
Analysis of critical features of application Analysis of features supported by cloud provider
Nature of target cloud platform Evaluation of supported tools and technologies
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Application attributes Attributes to analyze for porting
applications to the cloud Application Availability Data management Cost Maintenance Security Scalability Interfaces
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Application Attributes (2)
Quality attributes associated with application Abstraction, configuration, interoperability, modularity,
reusability, language support, monitoring support, staffing requirements, tool support.
Quality attributes associated with availability Fault management, Geographic location, resource pooling,
resource access, reliability, uptime.
Quality attributes associated with scalability Caching, licensing, lifecycle management, load balancing,
replication, resource provisioning
Quality attributes associated with cost Development cost, resource cost, staging cost.
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Application Attributes (3) Quality attributes associated with data
management Data exchange, indexing, online/offline access, portability,
query, state, store type, data structures, transactions.
Quality attributes associated with security Access, auditing, authentication, cryptography, identity,
regulations, remote access, security rules, trust relationships.
Quality attributes associated with maintenance APIs, Configurations, Deployment.
Quality attributes associated with user interface
Ease of use, interface features, user interaction.
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Cloud Service Attributes
Features associated with application Accounting schemes, operating system
support, database support, resource pooling mechanisms, site location, redundancy and replication, relation management, virtual machine types, APIs.
Platform features Application support, deployment
environments, Internationalization (languages and locale), programming langue support, testing, API and command line interfaces.
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Cloud Service Attributes (2) Infrastructure features
Availability, network support, load balancing, reliability, replication, database support.
Which cloud types to select?
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Following types of application are more suitable for cloud
Not mission critical. Not handling core business operations. Not dealing with sensitive data. Can tolerate high network latencies and work on
low network bandwidth. Following industry standards. E.g. using
standardized tools for object to relational mappings.
Do not require detailed customization for each tenant.
Organization involved in porting have full knowledge of application and its associated domain.
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System Abstraction
Target should be able to provide abstraction of all required physical resources through virtualization.
Example, Medical imaging system
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Cloud Bursting
Cloud should be able to serve access capacity when required.
Example, Reservation system
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Application and Cloud APIs
Provides access to cloud resources in automated fashion.
Nature of cloud APIs can impact migration activity.
REST and SOAP are common techniques to expose APIs.
Cross platform portability is an issue because of unavailability of standardized APIs.
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Migration of SOA-based Applications to the Cloud
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Understanding your data, services and processes Data
List systems the problem domain and the databases that support those systems
Get DB information such as brand, model, etc Service
List services in the problem domain and list what they do, what information they process
Process Looking at processes in the problem domain and
how they will span between cloud and your enterprise
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Examples of Architectural Components Data
Customers (Cnum (char(30)) Cname (char(30)) CAddress (char(40)))
Services Add_Customer/ Update_Cutomer are
bound to Customer tables Processes
Generate_Customer_Record process is bound to Add_Customer/ Add_Account/ Record_Sales services.
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Candidate Data, Services and Processes for the Cloud
When the processes, applications, and data are largely independent, or loosely coupled
When the points of integration are well-defined interfaces such as APIs
When a lower level of security will work just fine When the browser is the desired user interface When the money is tight When the applications and/or services are new
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Making the move to Cloud List candidate platforms Analyze and test candidate platforms Select target platforms Deploy to target platforms Example
Processes IaaS / Amazon EC2 or P(rocess) aaS / Appian
Service IaaS / Amazon EC2 or DaaS / Amazon Simple DB
Data IaaS / Amazon EC2 or PaaS / Force.com
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Summary
Application requirements and cloud features should be carefully analyzed while migrating applications on cloud.
Quality attributes support by cloud provider plays a vital role in successful migrations.
Business dimension of application migration is as important to consider as technical aspects.
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References Chapter 1, 14 of Course Book: Cloud
Computing Bible, 2011, Wiley Publishing Inc.
Cloud Migration: A Case Study of Migrating an Enterprise IT System to IaaS, Khajeh-Hosseini, A., Greenwood, D., Sommerville, I., 2009
Chapter 4-7, 10. 11 of Cloud Computing and SOA Convergence in your Enterprise, Linthicum, D., S.
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