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Net-Zero Hospitals: A Path Forward June 9, 2020
Jim Crabb, PE, LEED AP
Net-Zero Hospitals: A Path Forward
June 9, 2020
Moderated by: John Kreidich, AIA, LEED AP
Beyond Basics SeriesAs part of the Academy’s multi-channel, on-line approach, these sessions provide emerging and experienced professionals with convenient and economical opportunities to develop their chosen area of interest.
The Beyond Basic Series are tailored to healthcare designprofessionals with sufficient exposure to jump-start interest in wanting tolearn more. .
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This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
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Jim Crabb, PE, LEED AP Mazzetti
Net-Zero HospitalsA Path Forward
Reduce Energy Demand – Opportunity!Canada
United States
UK, Specialty, Teaching
UK, General acute
Netherlands
Belgium
Scandinavia
Sweden & Switzerland
Germany
Hospital Energy Consumption by Country
US Hospital Physical & Energy Footprint
Source: data from CEBECS 2012, Table 2
US Building Stock:Hospitals = 0.18%
US Square Footage:Hospitals = 3%
US Energy:Hospitals = 8%
Energy by Use – Baseline 2010
Target Finder2003 PNW
NEEA Average 2010, PNW
Source: Targeting 100!. University of Washington Integrated Design Lab
Energy Reduction – 2030 Challenge
Average US Hospital2003
Targeting 100! Goal
2010
Peace Island Medical Center
Project• 38,000 SF, Rural Critical Access
Hospital• 2013 AIA National Healthcare Design
Award Team• Architect: Mahlum• Mechanical Engineering: Mazzetti• Energy Consulting: Cobalt & UW IDLEnergy Details• Energy Goal: 100 KBtu/SF Year • One-year operational energy use
below 80 kBtu/SF Year (252 kWh/SM)
Energy Strategies
• Hybrid systems with appropriate HVAC for different functional areas:
• Non-Conditioned
• Natural Ventilation & Operable Windows (in patient rooms!)
• 2-Pipe and 4-Pipe Fan Coil Units
• VAV
• Ground coupled heat pump plant
• Efficient heat recovery• Occupancy sensors that turn
systems down when rooms are not in use
Swedish Issaquah
Project• 350,000 SF, Suburban Greenfield,
general hospital.• 175 Beds
Team• Architect: Mahlum and Collins
Woerman• Mechanical Engineering: Mazzetti• Energy Consulting: Mazzetti
Energy Details• Energy Goal: 125 KBtu/SF Year • One-year operational energy use
101 kBtu/SF Year – 2018 (363 kWh/SM)
• Utility Incentive: Largest ever PSE incentive of $3,000,000
Success Strategies
• Strong Energy Goal• Buy-in From Top Levels of
Management• Energy Model Active
Design Tool• Heat Recovery Chiller &
Variable Air Volume System
• Talented and Personally Motivated Operator Managing the Data
Five-Step Method1
User demand and behavior
2Reduce energy demand
3Apply local renewable energy sources
4Energy exchange &
storage systems
5Purchase
renewableenergy
Source: ?
Heating, 9.3Heating, 2.5
Cooling, 7.8Cooling, 7.2
Heat Rejection, 3.3Heat Rejection, 3.4
DHW, 9.9
DHW, 0.5
Fan+Pumps, 20.3
Fan+Pumps, 13.9
Lighting, 15.0
Lighting, 7.1
Kitchen, 2.7
Kitchen, 2.7
Process Steam, 13.5
Process Steam, 0.0
Equipment Elec, 55.8
Equipment Elec, 55.8
Elevators, 3.9
Elevators, 3.9
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Baseline Shark Tank
Baseline 2019
EUI141
Patient Room HVAC Options Patient Room HVAC Options
Active Chilled Beams Displacement Ventilation
Patient Room HVAC Options – Displacement Ventilation
Patient Room HVAC Options Patient Room HVAC Options
Active Chilled Beams Displacement Ventilation
2 ACH from AHU
Cooling w/ water – low energy transport
20% more $$ than VAV
Today 4 ACH from AHU 2.7 ACH
Long-term – use empirical IAQ Data for demand response ventilation, reduce air flow
Better ventilation: - breathing- air particle removal
10% more $$ than VAV
Desiccant Dehumidification for ORs
SOURCES
USES
Fuel Cells
Waste Pyrolysis
ReturnAir
ProcessSteamDHW
SupplyAir
Central Plant Heat Pumps
Waste HeatRecovery
Heat Recovery Boiler
Micro Auto Gasification System
terragon.net
Question Reminder
Submit your questions and comments via the chat box.
Waste to Energy Pyrolysis
Fuel Cell Waste Heat for Steam Generation
Heat Pumps Recycle Internal Energy
Public Utility
Resources Usually Wasted
How we Capture it
What we use it for
Energy for heating water Singe-temp water (75-80°) handwashing
(Energy Saved)
Kitchen fats, oils, Grease waste
Mechanical grease skimmers WTE
Heating domestic water(Energy Saved)
Water Vacuum Plumbing (Water Saved)
Rain water Shower & LAV
Drain waterHVAC condensate
Grey water system Flushing toilets(Water Saved)
Vacuum pump energy DGSS Valve (Energy Saved)
Exhausted anesthetic gas Halogenated drug recovery
(Emissions Removed & Recycled for Reuse)
Heating, 9.3Heating, 2.5
Cooling, 7.8Cooling, 7.2
Heat Rejection, 3.3Heat Rejection, 3.4
DHW, 9.9
DHW, 0.5
Fan+Pumps, 20.3
Fan+Pumps, 13.9
Lighting, 15.0
Lighting, 7.1
Kitchen, 2.7
Kitchen, 2.7
Process Steam, 13.5
Process Steam, 0.0
Equipment Elec, 55.8
Equipment Elec, 55.8
Elevators, 3.9
Elevators, 3.9
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Baseline Shark Tank
EUI141
EUI97
Shark Tank
6/9/2020 32
Beneficial Impact First Cost Delta ($) Operating Cost Savings
Vacuum Waste $1,400,000 $3,000,000 gal; $45,000
Displacement Ventilation $1,870,000 Energy model
Reduce Floor to Floor -$400,000
Reclaimed Water $750,000 Included in Vacuum Waste
No Hot Water Handwashing -$2,000,000 Energy Model
WAGD, etc. $100,000 Energy Model
Grease Skimming to WTE $160,000 $10,000
Magnetic Bearing Chillers Energy model
On-Site WTE $650,000 $70,000; energy model
DC Lighting Energy model
*Reduce Parking -$1,000,000
Heat Pumps $150,000 Energy model
TOTAL -$220,000 $125,000 + energy model
There’s more work to do
• Improve codes – base on science and/or measured air quality• Improve understanding of medical equipment and the loads it
imposes• Improve efficiency of all equipment in hospitals• Better controls – turn off lights and equipment when not needed• Design for adaptability – All-electric as a transition strategy
Time for Questions and Comments
CES Reminder
The URL to the webinar survey https://www.research.net/r/AAH2004 will be emailed to the individual who registered your site.
The survey closes Friday, June 12th at 12:30am ET.
For questions, please email [email protected]
Upcoming Webinars Date Series Topic
July 14 Case Study Series Advocate Aurora Health Outpatient Collaborative-A Prefabrication Journey Case Study
August 11 Healthcare Essentials Site Design for Health: Best Practices for Access, Land Use and Flexible Growth
September 8 Case Study Series Transformation/Adaptation in Hospital Design after a Disaster
Dates & topics are subject to change
