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Good Humanitarian Donorship
National and International Response toHumanitarian Emergencies:
Perspectives from the Philippines
Amb. Evan P. Garcia
Permanent Representative of the Philippines to the UnitedNations and Other International Organizations
Geneva
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Cyclones Ketsana / Parma
(Ondoy / Pepeng)
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Cyclones Ketsana / Parma
(Ondoy / Pepeng)
Aftermath:
1000+ Deaths 9.8 Million Persons Affected
Losses equivalent to 2.7% of GDP Damage and losses of US$ 4.38
Billion
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Comparative Damage
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National DisasterCoordinating Council (NDCC)
Chaired by the Secretary of National Defense.
Coordinates national disaster management efforts. A council of involved government agencies.
Mobilizes resources of other agencies, does not
have its own organic assets. DCCs at all levels of government.
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Phil. Govt-International CommunityCoordination
Led by the Phil.National DisasterCoordinatingCouncil(NDCC) jointly with UNOCHA.
Joint On-siteOperationsCoordinationCenter(OSOCC) established.
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Cluster Approach Positive experience, providing a systematic
approach.
NDCC / Phil. Government agencies wereassigned particular clusters in Dec. 2008
Need for further orientation and training in
cluster system.
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Cluster Approach
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Cluster Approach
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Coordination of Advocacy Messages Global: Close coordination with OCHA Flash
Appeal process in Geneva and New York.
National: Development and execution ofadvocacy messages by cluster leads on specificconcerns, in various media. Messages shared
among clusters.
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Challenges in working with donors &
international organizations need for Closer operational coordination between and
among UN agencies, Intl. Orgs & donors.
Closer coordination between international andPhilippine stakeholders.
Wider dissemination and observance of IDRL
and other intl disaster management guidelines. More efficient harnessing of govt, pvt sector
and civil society resources.
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Evaluating International Response OCHA-coordinated Flash Appeal useful and
effective process.
Red Cross, other IO, regional and bilateralresponses also effective.
NGO assistance mixed good support but also
instances of abuse and disaster tourism
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Immediate Needs Assessment Process Needs assessment done immediately by Phil.
Govt (NDCC), major donors and supported by
OCHA and UNDAC. Some degree of duplication among agencies
and donors.
Need for improved coordination amongstakeholders a common needs assessmentprocess.
Need for further needs assessment training
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Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
(PDNA) Process Initiated by Department of Finance, joint
Philippine-International experts team.
Damages, losses and socio-economic impact.
Estimated total US$ 4.38B damages & losses.
Five Priority Areas ID'd: (1) Rural Production, (2)
Flood Management, (3) Housing, (4) DRRManagement, (5) Local Governance.
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Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
(PDNA) Process Objective
To estimate the total damage and losses to
the Philippines due to the typhoon disasters,by sector, to establish the parameters for acomprehensive recovery and reconstructionprogram.
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Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
(PDNA) Process Process
Multiple sectoral-teams, including central and
local governments, civil society, privatesector and international developmentpartners.
Assessment used existing govt data and fieldvisits to develop comprehensive assessmentof damage, losses, and needs for eachsector, as well as analysis of socio-economic
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Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
(PDNA) Process Methodology
Damage (direct impact): Impact on assets,
stock, and property.
Losses (indirect impact): Impact on flows thatwill be affected, such as production declines,
reduced incomes, increased expenditures,etc. over a time period until economy andassets are recovered.
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Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
(PDNA) Process Methodology (cont.)
Recovery and Reconstruction Needs:
Recovery of all economic activities to pre-disaster levelsand Reconstruction ofdestroyed or damaged physical assets.
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Guiding Principles for Recovery &
Reconstruction A transparent, accountable and results-based
recovery and reconstruction program.
Community-based, people-centered andequitable approaches.
Reduction of future risks.
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Special National Public Reconstruction
Commission (SNPRC) Undertake a study of causes, costs and actions
Seek fresh aid to fund the reconstruction; tap
the resources of the private sector
Recommend to the President reconstructionand rehabilitation projects
Oversee the implementation of thereconstruction program
Act as a clearing house for the international
assistance im lemented b the donors
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National Capacity to Tackle
Natural Disasters Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP)
2010-2019 Plan for DRR / Hyogo FA
Enabling Environment
Financial & Economic Soundness
Supportive Decision-Making
Safety & Well-Being Enhancement
DRR Implementation & Evaluation
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DRR Approach for
Less-Developed States Begin process with multi-stakeholder
consultations.
Foster close involvement and ownershipamong stakeholders.
Maximize coordination among donors and
national stakeholders. Philippine DRR experts available under
triangular assistance schemes.
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Tackling LRRD Problems
Maximize coordination amonginternational and national stakeholders.
Adopt wholistic perspective in managingboth man-made (conflict) and naturaldisasters, particularly for local
governments.
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Cooperation with Regional
Organizations - ASEAN ASEAN Agreement on Disaster
Management and Disaster Response
(AADMER)
ASEAN Humanitarian Coordinator
ASEAN Regional Program on Disaster
Mgt (ARPDM) ASEAN Cttee. on Disaster Mgt (ACDM)
ASEAN Geneva Committee (AGC)
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Cooperation with Regional
Organizations and Donors European Union and Nations
Bilateral
ECHO
Asia-Pacific Partners
APEC, Australia, Canada, China, Japan,
New Zealand, Rep. Korea, USA
MFIs
World Bank, Asian Devt Bank, etc.
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Military-Humanitarian Coordination
The NDCC is chaired by the Secretary ofNational Defense
The NDCC Secretariat is the Office of CivilDefense (OCD)
Military disaster management assets are
assigned to the NDCC framework Use of military assets for humanitarian
action is commonplace in SE Asia
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Conclusion
International humanitarian cooperation hasbeen positive.
Need for enhanced coordination amonginternational and domestic stakeholders.
Further capacity building needed for
cluster approach and needs assessment.
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Mabuhay !