Nervous System Quiz

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1. Identify this structure (region indicated, black).

Dorsal fu

nicul...

Dorsal h

orn

Ependymal ca

na...

Ventral fu

nicu...

Ventral h

orn

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Dorsal funiculisB. Dorsal hornC. Ependymal

canalD. Ventral

funiculusE. Ventral horn

:30

2. Identify this structure (arrow, black).

Dorsal fu

nicul...

Dorsal h

orn

Ependymal ca

na...

Ventral fu

nicu...

Ventral h

orn

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Dorsal funiculisB. Dorsal hornC. Ependymal

canalD. Ventral

funiculusE. Ventral horn

:30

3. Classify these 3 neuron types from left to right.

Bipolar, multi...

Bipolar, pseud...

Larry

, Curly

, ...

Multipolar, b

i...

Pseudounipolar

...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Bipolar, multipolar, pseudounipolar

B. Bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar

C. Larry, Curly, MoeD. Multipolar, bipolar,

pseudounipolarE. Pseudounipolar,

multipolar, bipolar

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4. What protein is primarily responsible for axonal retrograde flow?

Dynein

Kinesin

Lipofusci

n

Nissl su

bstanc..

.

Perikary

on

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. DyneinB. KinesinC. LipofuscinD. Nissl substanceE. Perikaryon

:30

5. You’ve just baked a beautiful apple pie. The smell and taste of it are examples of peripheral nervous system

inputs sent to the CNS by …

Afferent neuro

...

Autonomic ga

ng...

Efferent n

euro...

Glial ce

lls

Motor n

eurons

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Afferent neuronsB. Autonomic gangliaC. Efferent neuronsD. Glial cellsE. Motor neurons

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6. The apple pie from the previous question was too hot and burned your finger when you touched it. A response by the CNS

is sent to skeletal muscle to retract your finger using …

Afferent neuro

...

Autonomic ga

ng...

Glial ce

lls

Motor n

eurons

Pyramidal neur..

.

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Afferent neuronsB. Autonomic gangliaC. Glial cellsD. Motor neuronsE. Pyramidal neurons

:30

7. Multiple sclerosis is an auto-immune disorder which leads to demyleination of axons and disruption of signal transduction. The Schwann cell myelinates axons in the peripheral nervous

system. What cell performs the same function in the CNS?

Astrocyte

Ependymal ce

ll

Fibro

us astr

oc...

Micr

ogliocyte

Oligodendro

cyt...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AstrocyteB. Ependymal cellC. Fibrous astrocyteD. MicrogliocyteE. Oligodendrocyte

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8. The glia limitans is the outermost layer of proper nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord, underneath

the pia mater. Which neuroglial cell type primarily forms this structure?

Ependymal ce

ll

Fibro

us astr

oc...

Micr

oglial ce

l...

Oligodendro

cyt...

Protoplasm

ic a...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Ependymal cellB. Fibrous astrocyteC. Microglial cellD. OligodendrocyteE. Protoplasmic

astrocyte

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9. Identify this structure (arrow, white).

Axon

Dendrite

Erythrocyt

e

Nissl b

ody

Nucleolus

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AxonB. DendriteC. ErythrocyteD. Nissl bodyE. Nucleolus

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10. Identify this synapse type (circled, red).

Axoaxonic

Axodendritic

Axosomatic

Postsynaptic

Presynaptic

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AxoaxonicB. AxodendriticC. AxosomaticD. PostsynapticE. Presynaptic

:30

11. In this schematic diagram the presynaptic terminal is shown releasing a neurotransmitter (yellow and orange spheres

indicated with white arrows) into a space termed the _____.

Action potenti...

Mid-sy

napse

Postsynaptic t

...

Synaptic c

left

Synaptic v

esic...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Action potential space

B. Mid-synapseC. Postsynaptic

terminalD. Synaptic cleftE. Synaptic vesicle

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12. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, an intermediate filament protein, is now known to be expressed in several cell types,

however, it is still identified as key marker for this CNS cell type.

Astrocyte

Ependymal ce

ll

Micr

ogliocyte

Oligodendro

cyt...

Schwann ce

ll

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AstrocyteB. Ependymal cellC. MicrogliocyteD. OligodendrocyteE. Schwann cell

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13. Identify these cells (arrows, black).

Astrocytes

Fibro

us astr

oc...

Micr

ogliocytes

Oligodendro

cyt...

Purkinje neuro...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AstrocytesB. Fibrous astrocytesC. MicrogliocytesD. OligodendrocytesE. Purkinje neurons

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14. The choroid plexuses, which produce CSF, are essentially specialized structures involving

which two epithelial cell types?

Endothelia

l ce...

Ependymal ce

ll...

Goblet cell +

...

Keratinocyte +...

Sero

us cell +

...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Endothelial cell + FibroblastB. Ependymal cell + endothelial

cellC. Goblet cell + ependymal cellD. Keratinocyte + endothelial

cellE. Serous cell + Endocardium

:30

15. The neuroglial microgliocyte derives from which blood-borne precursor?

Macro

phage

Monocy

te

Plasma ce

ll

Purkinje cell

Pyramidal neur..

.

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. MacrophageB. MonocyteC. Plasma cellD. Purkinje cellE. Pyramidal

neuron

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16. Which cellular junction is primarily responsible for the formation of the blood-CSF

barrier within the choroid plexuses?

Astrocyte

Desmoso

me

Fasci

a adheren...

Gap juncti

on

Zonula occl

ude...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AstrocyteB. DesmosomeC. Fascia adherensD. Gap junctionE. Zonula occludens

:30

Central Canal of spinal cord

17. Which cell type lines this space (arrow, black)?

Astrocyte

Ependymal ce

ll

Fibro

blast

Purkinje neuro...

Pyramidal cell

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AstrocyteB. Ependymal cellC. FibroblastD. Purkinje neuronE. Pyramidal cell

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Endoca

rdium

Endoneuriu

m

Endotheliu

m

Perineuriu

m

Percicardium

0% 0% 0%0%0%

18. Classify this connective tissue (arrows, black).A. EndocardiumB. EndoneuriumC. EndotheliumD. PerineuriumE. Percicardium

:30

A. AstrocyteB. MacrophageC. Motor neuronD. Purkinje cellE. Pyramidal neuron

20. Identify this cell of the spinal cord (arrow, black).

Astrocyte

Macro

phage

Motor n

euron

Purkinje cell

Pyramidal neur..

.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

21. Identify this cell (arrow, black).

Astrocyte

Dorsal ro

ot ga..

.

Oligodendro

cyt...

Primord

ial fo

l...

Schwann ce

ll

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AstrocyteB. Dorsal root ganglion neuronC. OligodendrocyteD. Primordial follicleE. Schwann cell

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22. The autonomic nervous system has 3 target effectors – glands, cardiac muscle and ….

Astrocytes

Ependymal ce

lls

Fibro

blasts

Smooth

muscl

e

Stria

ted muscl

e

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. AstrocytesB. Ependymal cellsC. FibroblastsD. Smooth muscleE. Striated muscle

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23. Identify this layer (arrow, black).

Granular la

yer

Grey matter

Molecu

lar laye...

Purkinje layer

White

matter

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. Granular layerB. Grey matterC. Molecular layerD. Purkinje layerE. White matter

200x:30

24. What is true of an efferent sympathetic impulse from the ANS?

An axon is

not...

First

neuron i..

.

Nissl su

bstanc..

.

Purkinje cells.

..

Retrogra

de axo...

0% 0% 0%0%0%

A. An axon is not neededB. First neuron is always in

the CNSC. Nissl substance is

destroyedD. Purkinje cells are always

involvedE. Retrograde axonal flow

stops

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25. Your patient received blunt head trauma that resulted in memory loss and intracranial swelling. You suspect that cells of the brain were excessively

damaged. Which of the following cells phagocytize the cellular debris created by neural damage?

Ependymal ce

ll...

Fibro

us astr

oc...

Micr

oglial ce

l...

Oligodendro

cyt...

Protoplasm

ic a...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Ependymal cellsB. Fibrous astrocytesC. Microglial cellsD. OligodendrocytesE. Protoplasmic astrocytes

26. Which of the following form the choroid plexus?

Arachnoid barr.

..

Ependymal ce

ll...

Meninge

al dura

Pia mate

r and ...

Pia mate

r and ...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Arachnoid barrier cellsB. Ependymal cells and

endotheliumC. Meningeal duraD. Pia mater and

arachnoidE. Pia mater and the

overlying epithelium

27. Which of the following serve to allow CSF to exit the subarachnoid space?

Arachnoid barr.

..

Arachnoid vill.

..

Choroid plexus

Fenestr

ated ca...

Vessels w

ithin...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Arachnoid barrier cellsB. Arachnoid villiC. Choroid plexusD. Fenestrated capillariesE. Vessels within the

subarachnoid space

28. A pathologist is examining a stained section of an unknown tissue. He notices cells with an extremely large, flask-shaped body and multiple

dendrites lying in parallel. Which of the following tissues is the pathologist examining?

Cerebellar c

or...

Cerebral corte

...

Gray m

atter o

f...

White

matter o

...

White

matter o

...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Cerebellar cortexB. Cerebral cortexC. Gray matter of the

spinal cordD. White matter of

cerebrumE. White matter of the

spinal cord

29. During early brain development, myelination of axons is a critical event. Which of the following cells is responsible for this

important function?

Fibro

us astr

oc...

Micr

oglial ce

l...

Oligodendro

cyt...

Protoplasm

ic a...

Schwann ce

lls

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Fibrous astrocytesB. Microglial cellsC. OligodendrocytesD. Protoplasmic astrocytesE. Schwann cells

32. Which of the following events occurs immediately after an action potential reaches an axon terminal at its synapse?

Binding of the neurotra

...

Calcium io

n influx a

t the...

Neurotransm

itter b

indin...

Neurotransm

itter r

elease...

Vesicle fu

sion w

ith th

e p...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Binding of the neurotransmitter to the presynaptic terminal

B. Calcium ion influx at the presynaptic terminal

C. Neurotransmitter binding to the receptor on the postsynaptic terminal

D. Neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft

E. Vesicle fusion with the presynaptic terminal membrane

33. A 60-year old woman has suffered from a neurologic disorder for several years. Analysis of the CSF revealed the presence of antibodies to myelin

proteins. From which of the following disorders does she suffer?

Amyotrophic l

a...

Guillain-Barre

...

Multiple sc

ler...

Oligodendro

gli...

Parkinso

n’s di...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

B. Guillain-Barre syndromeC. Multiple sclerosisD. OligodendrogliomaE. Parkinson’s disease

34. A brain tumor is removed and analyzed by immunocytochemistry. It was shown that the tumor expressed high levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein

(GFAP). Which of the following tumors was being analyzed?

Astrocytoma

Ependymoma

Meningio

ma

Neuroblastoma

Oligodendro

gli...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. AstrocytomaB. EpendymomaC. MeningiomaD. NeuroblastomaE. Oligodendroglioma

35. Tissue from the CNS of an 80-year old man is examined by electron microscopy. Cells in this tissue sample have several residual bodies and lipofuscin within their cytoplasm. Which of the following cells are being

described?

Astrocytes

Endothelia

l ce...

Fibro

blasts of...

Neurons

Oilgodendro

cyt...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. AstrocytesB. Endothelial cells of

capillariesC. Fibroblasts of dura

materD. NeuronsE. Oilgodendrocytes

36. Which of the following cellular structures is found within the cytoplasm of perikarya but is not within axoplasm?

Membrane-bound...

Micr

otubules

Mito

chondria

Neurofilaments

Rough endoplas..

.

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Membrane-bound vesicles

B. MicrotubulesC. MitochondriaD. NeurofilamentsE. Rough endoplasmic

reticulum

37. Which of the following structures prevent toxic materials from attacking an axon of a peripheral nerve?

Clefts of S

chw...

Endoneuriu

m

Epineuriu

m

Neurolemma

Perineuriu

m

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Clefts of Schwann cellsB. EndoneuriumC. EpineuriumD. NeurolemmaE. Perineurium

39. Which of the following is a primary component or characteristic of a sensory ganglion?

Multipolar n

eu...

Neurons with

e...

Pseudounipolar

...

Scattered neur...

Synaptic c

onta...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Multipolar neuronsB. Neurons with eccentric

nucleiC. Pseudounipolar

neuronsD. Scattered neuron cell

bodiesE. Synaptic contacts

41. Which of the following is the most critical event in regeneration of a peripheral nerve?

Chromatolysis ...

Distal

axon de...

Hypertr

ophy of...

Phagocytic a

ct...

Proliferation ...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Chromatolysis of the damaged perikaryon

B. Distal axon degenerationC. Hypertrophy of Schwann

cellsD. Phagocytic activity of

macrophagesE. Proliferation of Schwann

cells

43. Which of the following components of the meninges are most similar to the endoneurium that covers a peripheral nerve?

Arachnoid bord...

Dural border c

...

Meninge

al dura

Pia mate

r

Subarach

noid s...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Arachnoid border cellsB. Dural border cellsC. Meningeal duraD. Pia materE. Subarachnoid space

44. Which of the following best characterizes the difference in myelinated axons of the PNS compared with the CNS?

All axo

ns have

nodes of...

All axo

ns surro

unded b...

No intra

period lin

e

No myelin

basic protein

Schwann ce

lls mye

linate ..

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. All axons have nodes of Ranvier

B. All axons surrounded by Schwann cells

C. No intraperiod lineD. No myelin basic proteinE. Schwann cells

myelinate at multiple axonal cites

45. Which of the following structures primarily functions to monitor the degree of stretch of muscles?

Golgi tendon o...

Merkel’s

disk

Myo

neural junc..

.

Neuromuscular ..

.

Pacinian co

rpu...

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Golgi tendon organB. Merkel’s diskC. Myoneural junctionD. Neuromuscular spindleE. Pacinian corpuscle

46. Which of the following cells of the PNS functions equivalent to the oligodendrocyte within the CNS?

Endothelia

l ce...

Fibro

blasts

Macro

phages

Satellit

e cell..

.

Schwann ce

lls

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:30

A. Endothelial cellsB. FibroblastsC. MacrophagesD. Satellite cellsE. Schwann cells