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Nerve TissueNerve Tissue
赵慧赵慧
Department of Histology & EmbryologyDepartment of Histology & Embryology
Jilin UniversityJilin University
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
General Description
Nerve Cell (Neuron)
•Receive stimulation•Integrate message•Conduct the nerve impulse
Nerve Tissue
Neuroglial Cell(Neuroglia)
•Support•Nourish•Insulate•Protect•Repair
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Contents
NeuronNeuron1
SynapseSynapse2
NeurogliaNeuroglia3
Nerve Fiber and NerveNerve Fiber and Nerve4
Nerve EndingNerve Ending5
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
I. Neuron
1. SomaCell membraneNucleus Cytoplasm
2. ProcessDendriteAxon
胞体
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
1. Soma
Cell membraneExcitable membrane, receiving stimutation, forming and conducting nerve impulesReceptor; Voltage-gated channel; Chemically-gated channel
Nucleus: spherical, large, centrally-located, pale-stainingCytoplasm (Perikaryon): Nissl body; Neurofibril; Lipofuscin
Nissl body
Dendrite
Axon
Dendrite
NucleusNucleolus
Axon hillock
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
1. Soma
Nissl body (Chromophilsubstance, tigroid body)
LM: basophilic mass or granulesEM: RER, free ribosomeFunction: produce protein, enzyme and neurotransmitter
NeurofibrilLM: thread-liked dark brown networkEM: microfilament,neurofilament, neurotubuleFunction: cytoskeleton, participate in substance transport
Neurofibrils
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
2. Process
Dendriticspine
Spinal apparatus
Dendrite
AxonAxon hillock, axon terminalAxolemma, axoplasmNo Nissl body and Golgi complexFunction: passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands)
DendriteDendritic spineSpine apparatusFunction: receive stimulation and conduct impulse into soma
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
2. Process
Axonal transportAnterograde axonal transport• Fast transport• Slow transport
Retrograde axonal transport
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Classification of neurons
According to number of processesmultipolar; bipolar; pseudounipolar neuron
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Classification of neurons
According to functions sensory neuron; motor neuron; interneuron
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Classification of neurons
According to neurotransmitter Cholinergic neurons胆碱能神经元
Aminergic neurons 胺能神经元
Amino acidergic neurons 氨基酸能神经元
Peptidergic neurons 肽能神经元
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Contents
NeuronNeuron1
SynapseSynapse2
NeurogliaNeuroglia3
Nerve Fiber and NerveNerve Fiber and Nerve4
Nerve EndingNerve Ending5
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
ClassificationChemical synapseElectrical synapse
A specialized junctions between neurons or neuron and non-nerve cells
II Synapse
Axon terminal
synaptic buttons
Dendriticspine
Spinal apparatus
Dendrite
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Chemical synapse
LMSynaptic corpuscle or synaptic button
synaptic button
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Chemical synapse
EM: Presynaptic element: presynaptic membrane, synaptic vesiclesSynaptic cleft Postsynaptic element: postsynaptic membrane
presynapticmembranesynaptic cleft
postsynaptic membrane
synapse vesicle
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Classification of Chemical synapse
1
Axodendritic synapseAxospinous synapseAxosomatic synapseAxoaxonal synapseDendrodendritic synapse
2Type I synapseType II synapse
3Excitatory synapseInhibitory synapse
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Synapse, EM.
synaptic vesicle
presynaptic membranesynaptic cleftpostsynaptic membrane
axonal terminal
Synapse
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Synapse
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Contents
NeuronNeuron1
SynapseSynapse2
NeurogliaNeuroglia3
Nerve Fiber and NerveNerve Fiber and Nerve4
Nerve EndingNerve Ending5
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
III. Neuroglia
1. Central nervous system : AstrocyteOligodendrocyteMicrogliaEpendymal cell
2. Peripheral nervous system: Schwann cell (Neurolemmal cell) satellite cell (capsular cell)
3. Functions support, nourish, protect, insulate , repairregulate the environment and movement of neuronsecret neurotrophic factor
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Astrocytes
Astrocyte
Capillary
Neuroglial filament
End foot
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Astrocytes
ClassifictionProtoplasmic astrocyteFibrous astrocytes Functions:
Form blood-brain barrierProduce the neurotrophic
factors (NGF)Repair never tissue
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)
Structure component Continuous endothelium of capillary Tight junctions between endothelial cellsContinuous basal membrane around endotheliumThe end feet of astrocytessurrounding the capillary
Function Prevent the passage of certain substances from the blood to nerve tissue(P111)
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Oligodendrocyte
Function Forming myelin sheath of nerve fibers in CNSNourishment, protection.
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Microglia
FunctionAmoeboid movement , phagocytosis.Stem cell, differentiation.
Microglia
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Ependymal cell
Simple cuboidal or columnar epithiliumMicrovilli or ciliaFunction
Produce cerebrospinal fluidNourish and protect neuron
Ependymal cells
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
III. Neuroglia
1. Central nervous system : AstrocyteOligodendrocyteMicrogliaEpendymal cell
2. Peripheral nervous system: Schwann cell (Neurolemmal cell) Satellite cell (capsular cell)
3. Functions supporting, insulating , repairingregulate the environment and movement of neuronsecret neurotrophic factor
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Schwann cell (Neurolemmal cell)
FunctionForming myelin sheath of nerve fibers in PNSRepair never tissueProducing NGF
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Satellite cell (capsular cell)
Surrounding the neuron in ganglionFunction: protect and support neuron
Satellite cells
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Contents
NeuronNeuron1
SynapseSynapse2
NeurogliaNeuroglia3
Nerve Fiber and NerveNerve Fiber and Nerve4
Nerve EndingNerve Ending5
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
IV Nerve Fiber and Nerve
Definition: Nerve fiber: axon enveloped by neuroglial cells
Classification: Myelinated nerve fiber
• Peripheral nervous system • Central nervous system
Unmyelinated nerve fiber
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelinated nerve fibers of PNS
Myelin-sheathRanvier nodesInternode
Ranvier node Ranvier node
Nucleus of Schwann cell
Myelin-sheath
Internode
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelinated nerve fibers of PNS
Schmidt-Lantermann incisureNeurokeratin networkNeurilemma
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelinated nerve fibers of PNS
Nucleus of Schwann cell
Ranvier node
axon
Nucleus of fibroblast
Myelinesheath
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelinated nerve fibers of PNS
axon
Myeline sheath
cytoplasmof Schwann cell
Nucleus of Schwann cell
unmyelinated fiber
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelinated nerve fibers of PNS
Ranvier Node
S-L Incisure
S-L Incisure
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelinated nerve fibers of PNS
axon
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelinated nerve fibers of PNS
Myelinesheath
microtubuleNeurofilament
cytoplasmaof Schwann cell
axon
cytoplasmaof Schwann cell
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
IV Nerve Fiber and Nerve
Definition: Nerve fiber: axon enveloped by neuroglial cells
Classification: Myelinated nerve fiber
• Peripheral nervous system • Central nervous system
Unmyelinated nerve fiber
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelin sheaths Processes of oligodendrocytesRanvier node are broadS-L incisure are absent.
Myelinated nerve fibers of CNS
oligodendrocyte
axon
Myelinesheath
process
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Myelinated nerve fiber
Functions of myelin sheathProvide an insulation layer around the axon and to speed up impulse conductionNerve impulses jump from node to node across internodes of myelin sheath.
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
IV Nerve Fiber and Nerve
Definition: Nerve fiber: axon enveloped by neuroglial cells
Classification: Myelinated nerve fiber
• Peripheral nervous system • Central nervous system
Unmyelinated nerve fiber
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Unmyelinated nerve fiber
Schwann cellsNo Ranvier nodeNo myelin sheath
axons
Schwann cell
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
4.3 Nerves
structure: epineurium: nerve perineurium: nerve fibers bundle endoneurium: nerve fiber
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
epineurium
perineurium
bundle
Nerves
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Nerves
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Contents
NeuronNeuron1
SynapseSynapse2
NeurogliaNeuroglia3
Nerve Fiber and NerveNerve Fiber and Nerve4
Nerve EndingNerve Ending5
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
5 Nerve Ending
5.1 Sensory or Afferent nerve endings
Receive physical and chemical stimuliGenerate nerve impulses responding to sitmuli5.1.1 Free nerve ending5.1.2 Encapsulated nerve endings
5.2 Motor or Efferent nerve endings Control the activity of muscle and gland5.2.1 Motor end plate5.2.2 Visceral motor nerve endings
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
5.1.1 Free nerve ending
epitheliumfree nerve endings
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
5.1.2 Encapsulated nerve endings
Connective capsule surround unmyelinated sensory nerve endings
Tactile corpuscleLamellar corpuscleMuscle spindle
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Tactile corpuscle (Meissner corpuscle)
Dermal papillae
Tactile corpuscles
Epidermis
Dermal papillae
Epidermis
Tactile corpusclesNerve endings
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle)
Hypodermis
Capsule
Flattened cell
Inner bulb1~ 4 mm
Capsule
Falttened cells
Inner bulb
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Muscle spindle
Sensory nerve fiber ending
Motor nerve fiber ending
Motor end plate
Extrafusal muscle fibers
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Muscle spindle
Muscle spindle, cross section Sensory nerve fiber ending
Muscle spindle, longitudinal section
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
5 Nerve Ending
5.1 Sensory or Afferent nerve endings
Receive physical and chemical stimuli, Generate nerve impulses responding to sitmuli5.1.1 Free nerve ending5.1.2 Encapsulated nerve endings
5.2 Motor or Efferent nerve endingsControl the activity of muscle and gland5.2.1 Motor end plate5.2.2 Visceral motor nerve endings
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Motor end plate
motor nerve fiber endingmotor end plate
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
axon
Axon terminal
Schwann cell Synaptic vesicles contain acetylcholine
Basement membrane
Skeletal muscle cell
primary synaptic cleftmitochondria secondary
synaptic cleftsarcolemma
Motor end plate
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Axon termianl with synaptic vesicles
Secondary synaptic cleft
sarcolemma
primary synaptic cleft
sarcolemma
Motor end plate
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Motor end plate
Motor end plateSkeletal muscle
Motor nerve ending
Capillary
Skeletal muscle
Primary synaptic cleft
Motor end plate
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Axon hillock
Motor end plate
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Visceral motor nerve ending
Axon
Mitochondria
Varicosity
Target cell
PresynapticmembraneReceptor
Neurotransmitter
Synaptic cleftSynaptic vesicles
Postsynaptic membrane
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Summary
Nerve tissue
Hui Zhao
Discussion Class
Group1:神经干细胞
Group2:造血干细胞
Group3:胚胎干细胞
Group4:肿瘤干细胞