NERC PRC-005-2 andIts Impact on Stationary Batteries

in Substations and Power Generation Plants ©

Chris Searles

BAE Batteries USA

NERC SDT PRC-005-2 Task Force Chair

IEEE Stationary Battery Committee

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NERC PRC-005-2 andIts Impact on Stationary Batteries in Substations and Power Generation

Plants ©Chris Searles

Chair of Task ForceIEEE Stationary Battery Committee

Interact w/ NERC SDT for PRC-005-2National Director of Business Development

BAE Batteries USA

Chris SearlesBAE Batteries USA

• Why the seemingly sudden interest in NERC PRC-005-2 within the Electric Utility Industry?

• Why the inclusion of stationary batteries in the NERC PRC-005-2 Standard?

• How broad is the scope of NERC PRC-005-2?

• And, what does it mean?

A Few Questions that Form the Backdrop for this Presentation

• First, What is the Mission (or Goal) of NERC?To ensure the reliability of the North American (USA & Canada) bulk power system.

• Second, What are the Means for Accomplishing this Goal? Hold entities accountable for compliance with mandatory

Reliability standards

Act as a catalyst for positive change within the industry

A Bit of Background

• NERC defines reliability as “ensuring that the Bulk Electric System [BES] or Bulk Power System [BPS] is able to meet the electricity needs of all end-user customers, even when unexpected equipment failures reduce the amount of available electricity.”

Please Define Reliability

• NERC states that membership is open to all entities interested in the Bulk Power System

• However, there are 12 or 14 membership categories depending on your breakdown:

Who Makes up NERC?

Investor Owned Utility Electricity Marketer

State or Municipal Utility Large End-User Electricity Customer

Cooperative Utility Small End-User Electricity Customer

Federal or Provincial Utility Independent System Operator

Power Marketing Administrator Regional Transmission Organization

Transmission dependent Utility Regional entity

Merchant Electricity Generator Government Representative

• Eight (8) Regions have been established to ensure Implementation of the NERC Standards throughout the United States:

1. NPCC – Northeast Power Coordinating Council2. RFC-Reliability First Corporation3. SERC-Southeastern Reliability Corporation4. FRCC-Florida Reliability Coordinating Council5. TRE-Texas Reliability Entity [aka ERCOT]6. SPP-Southwest Power Pool7. MRO-Midwest Reliability Organization8. WECC-Western Electricity Coordinating Council

But what about the Regional Service Contractors?

WECC-Western

Electricity Coordinating

Council TRE-Texas Reliability Entity

[ERCOT]

SPP-Southwest PowerPool

FRCC-Florida Reliability Coordinating Council

SERC-Southeastern Reliability Corporation

RFC-Reliability FirstCorporation

NPCC-Northeast Power Coordinating Council MRO-Midwest Reliability

Organization

Date or Year Event

1965 (Nov 9) First Northeast Blackout

1968 NERC established by the Electric Utility Industry – known as the National Electric Reliability Council

2002 NERC Operating Policy and Planning Standards become mandatory (and enforceable) in Ontario, Canada

2003 (Aug 14) The Historic Blackout that took out the whole Northeast and Ontario

A Quick Chronology

Date or Year Event

2005 The US Energy Policy Act of 2005 [Electric Modernization Act of 2005] creates the Electric Reliability Organization [known as the ERO]

Mandated that all users, owners and operators of the bulk-power system would be authorized to approve reliability standards

All users, owners and operators would be legally compelled to comply with all reliability standards

2006 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) certifies NERC as the ERO for the US; Signs MOU’s w/ some Canadian Provinces

A Quick Chronology (2)

Date or Year Event

2007 North American Electric Reliability Council became the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (still NERC)

2007 (July 19) Federal Electric Reliability Corporation issued Order 693 approving 83 of 107 proposed Reliability Standards

PRC-005 is one of the 83 approved standards

A Glossary of Terms is also approved to define “reliability” in the context of the approved “standards”

NERC is required to submit significant improvements in 56 of the approved 83, with PRC-005 being one of them

FERC also mandates that PRC-008, PRC-011 and PRC-017 be combined into PRC-005

A Quick Chronology (3)

Now to the Historic Moment of August 14, 2003 – 4:10pm EDT

North America experienced its worst blackout ever, as 50 million

people lost power in the Northeastern and Midwestern U.S.

as well as Ontario, Canada.

Date or Year Event

2007 (June) NERC Standards Committee (SC) approves a Standard Authorization Request (SAR) for PRC-005-2 – as drafted by the NERC System Protection and Control Task Force (SPCTF)

2007 (November) The SPCTF begins development of a proposed PRC-005-2 standard

2009 (July) The first posting for comments on the proposed PRC-005-2 standard

2010 (July) 2nd posting of a revised PRC-005-2 was made; Received a 22.91% approval rating

Continuing the Chronology History of PRC-005-2

Date or Year Event

2010 (July) Also 1st posting of the definition of “Protection System” for comment and ballot; Received only 39.35% approval

2010 (August) 2nd posting of the definition of “Protection System” for comment and ballot

2010 (November) Final posting of Recirculation Ballot for definition of “Protection System” - This time received 86.83% approval and became the official definition

Thru 2011 (June) The Task Force (SPCTF) then went to work on revising PRC-005-2 [also categorized as Project 2007-27]

2 more postings and a Recirculation Ballot in June 2011 failed to reach ballot pool approval

A Quick Chronology History of PRC-005-2 (2)

Date or Year Event

2011 (September)

New members were added to the Drafting Team under authorizationfrom NERC to re-initiate the Project

2011 Attempt made to revise PRC-005-2; Posting Failed

2012 (January) The IEEE Stationary Battery Committee registered alarm at many of the implications contained in the revised PRC-005-2 as it pertained to batteries

Formed a special Task Force to review the document

Several members of the SBC TF attended the SPCTF meeting in Ft Worth in March

A Quick Chronology History of PRC-005-2 (3)

Date or Year Event

2012 (March) Draft 2 of the Standard was submitted for comment and ballot

Some modifications were made to the Standard itself, which, while not meeting all the SBC objectives, nevertheless, made one improvement that allowed the SBC TF to accept the Standard.

Changes were recommended for the Supplemental Guide and FAQ that would help clarify certain concerns still existing w/i the Standard and Guide

The Chair of the SBC NERC Task Force along w/ the Chairman and the Secretary of the SBC agreed to continue working w/ the SPCTF to finalize revisions to the FAQ

A Quick Chronology History of PRC-005-2 (5)

Date or Year Event

2012 (June) The SPCTF met in Miami FL

The Standard was revised to address certain comments from the Balloters and Functional Entities with respect to Communication Channel issues

This afforded the opportunity to make significant revisions/clarifications in the Supplemental Guide and FAQ which were approved by the Protection Control Standards Task Force and incorporated into the documents that went out as Draft 3 for comment and approval

A Quick ChronologyHistory of PRC-005-2

Date or Year Event

2012 (August) Draft 4 of the Standard along with the Supplemental Guide and FAQ posted on the NERC website for comment and ballot

2012 (September)

The SPCTF met one more time in Atlanta

Standard and Supplemental Guide & FAQ received an 80.31% approval rating

To finalize response to comments and implement any minor changes

Submit the approved Standard and SG & FAQ to NERC for review and approval before submitting to FERC for approval and issuance

A Quick ChronologyHistory of PRC-005-2

Date or Year Event

Nov 7, 2012 NERC Board of Directors approved the Draft and submitted to FERC for their approval

Dec 19, 2013Dec 24, 2013

FERC Approval and Issue of Order No 793Published in the Federal Register

Feb 24, 2014 PRC-005-2 (Order no. 793) Effective Date(60 days from Publication in the FR)

Current PRC-005-3 (Automatic Reclosing Relays) filed w/ FERC on Feb 14, 2014PRC-005-4 (Sudden Pressure Relays) submitted to NERC in April 2014Note: This is in direct response to a FERC directives in Order No. 758 (¶ 16-27)

Current Status of PRC-005-2 (-3 & -4)

Max. Maintenance Interval % Compliant By

Less than 1 year 100% Oct. 1, 2015 (1D/1Q 18 mo. following regulatory approval)

1–2 calendar years 100% Apr. 1, 2017 (1D/1Q 36 mo. following regulatory approval)

3 calendar years 30% Apr. 1, 2016 (1D/1Q 24 mo. following regulatory approval)1

3 calendar years 60% Apr. 1, 2017 (1D/1Q 36 mo. following regulatory approval)

3 calendar years 100% Apr. 1, 2018 (1D/1Q 48 mo. following regulatory approval)

6 calendar years 30% Apr. 1, 2017 (1D/1Q 36 mo. following regulatory approval)2

6 calendar years 60% Apr. 1, 2019 (1D/1Q 60 mo. following regulatory approval)

6 calendar years 100% Apr. 1, 2021 (1D/1Q 84 mo. following regulatory approval)

12 calendar years 30% Apr. 1, 2019 (1D/1Q 60 mo. following regulatory approval)

12 calendar years 60% Apr. 1, 2023 (1D/1Q 108 mo. following regulatory approval)

12 calendar years 100% Apr. 1, 2027 (1D/1Q 156 mo. following regulatory approval)

PRC-005-2 R3/R4 Implementation Timelines

Protective relays which respond to electrical quantities

What is Covered Under PRC-005-2?

Associated communication systemsnecessary for correct operation of protective functions

What is Covered Under PRC-005-2?

Voltage and current sensing devicesproviding inputs to protective relays

What is Covered Under PRC-005-2?

Station dc supply associated with protective functions (including station batteries), . . .

What is Covered Under PRC-005-2?

The Good The Bad The Ugly

Station dc supply associated with protective functions (including station

batteries, battery chargers, and non-battery-based dc supply)

What is Covered Under PRC-005-2?

Control circuitry associated with protective functions through the trip coil(s) of the circuit breakers or other interrupting devices

What is Covered Under PRC-005-2?

PRC 005-3Adds Automatic Reclosing to the Standard

Filed with FERC on February 14, 2014

PRC 005-X Adding Sudden Pressure Relays

SDT Meeting in Ft. Worth July 8th

May issue an informative report w/ FERC and look to establish a formal revision.

What is the Current Status of the PRC 005 Standard?

What Are the Consequences of Non Compliance?

• Compliance monitoring – assess, investigate, evaluate, and audit to measure compliance with NERC standards.

• Compliance enforcement – penalties and sanctions (could be up to $1,000,000 per day); penalties based on Violation Risk Factors, Violation Severity Levels, and Violation History.

• Mitigation – Entities found in violation of any standard must submit a mitigation plan for approval by NERC and must execute this plan as submitted

So What’s my Obligation?

Requirement R1:

“Each Owner shall establish a Protection System Maintenance Program (PSMP) for its Protection Systems identified in Section 4.2 (detecting faults on BES, under-frequency load-shedding, under-voltage load-shedding, Special Protection System, trip generator directly or via lockout or auxiliary relay, generator step-up transformer, transformers for aggregated generation, and generator station service transformer).”

What Is the Distinction with Station Batteries?

The Implications are articulated in Requirements R1, 1.1:

1.1 Identify which maintenance method (time-based, performance-based or a combination) is used to address each Protection System Component Type. All batteries associated with the station dc supply Component Type of a Protection System shall be included in a time-basedprogram as described in Table 1-4 and Table 3.

Why Is Time-based Maintenance my Only Option?

Requirement R3

Each Owner that utilizes time-based maintenanceprogram(s) shall maintain its Protection System Components that are included within the time-based maintenance program in accordance with the minimum maintenance activities and maximum maintenance intervals prescribed within Tables 1-1 through 1-5, Table 2, and Table 3.

What Does PRC-005-2 Say We Must Do?

Tables 1-4(a) thru 1-4(f) specifically address requirements for batteries (dc power supply):

Table Component Type

Table 1-4(a) Vented Lead-Acid (VLA) Batteries

Table 1-4(b) Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries

Table 1-4(c) Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cad) Batteries

Table 1-4(d) Non Battery Based Energy Storage (e.g. NAS, flywheel, etc.)

Table 1-4(e) Non-BES Interrupting Devices (see Note)

Table 1-4(f) Exclusions if using Station dc Supply Monitoring Devices

Note: Tables 1-4(e) needs to be subject of a separate discussion, and is not the initial primary concern of the SBC NERC TF.

What Must I Do w/ VLA’s?

Tables 1-4(a) addresses requirements for VLA batteries:Table Component Type

4 Calendar Months• Verify Station dc supply voltage• Inspect Electrolyte level• Check for unintentional grounds

18 Calendar Months

• Verify:• Float voltage of the battery charger• Battery continuity of all cells• Battery terminal connection resistance• Battery intercell or unit/unit connection resistance

• Inspect:• Condition of all cells where visible; measure internal ohmic

values of all cells where not visible• Inspect physical condition of battery rack

What Must I Do w/ VLA’s?

Tables 1-4(a) addresses requirements for VLA batteries:Table Component Type

18 Calendar Months

“Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by evaluating the cell/unit measurements indicative of battery performance (e.g. internal ohmic values or float current) against the station battery baseline.”

[or]

6 Calendar Years

“Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by conducting a performance or modified performance capacity test of the entire battery bank.”

What Must I Do w/ VRLA’s?

Tables 1-4(b) addresses requirements for VRLA batteries:Table Component Type

4 Calendar Months • Verify Station dc supply voltage• Check for unintentional grounds

6 Calendar Months • Inspect condition of all individual units by measuring battery cell/unit internal ohmic values

18 Calendar Months

• Verify: • Float voltage of the battery charger• Battery continuity of all cells• Battery teminal connection resistance• Battery intercell or unit/unit connection resistance

• Inspect:• Physical condition of battery rack

What Must I Do w/ VRLA’s?

Tables 1-4(b) addresses requirements for VRLA batteries:Table Component Type

6 Calendar Months

“Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by evaluating the cell/unit measurements indicative of battery performance (e.g. internal ohmic values or float current) against the station battery baseline.”

[or]

3 Calendar Years

“Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by conducting a performance or modified performance capacity test of the entire battery bank.”

What Must I Do w/ Ni-Cd’s?

Tables 1-4(c) addresses requirements for Ni-Cd batteries:Table Component Type

4 Calendar Months• Verify Station dc supply voltage• Inspect Electrolyte level• Check for unintentional grounds

18 Calendar Months

• Verify:• Float voltage of the battery charger• Battery continuity of all cells• Battery terminal connection resistance• Battery intercell or unit/unit connection resistance

• Inspect:• Condition of all cells• Physical condition of battery rack

What Must I Do w/ Ni-Cd’s?

Tables 1-4(c) addresses requirements for Ni-Cd batteries:Table Component Type

6 Calendar Years

“Verify that the station battery can perform as manufactured by conducting a performance or modified performance capacity test of the entire battery bank.”

Summary Charts

4 Calendar MonthsVLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required

√ √ √ Verify Station dc Supply Voltage

√ N/R √ Inspect Electrolyte Level

√ √ √ Check for Unintentional Grounds

Summary Charts

6 Calendar MonthsVLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required

√ Inspect Condition of all Individual Units by MeasuringBattery cell/unit internal ohmic Values

√ Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by evaluating the Cell/Unit Measurements Indicative of Battery Performance (Option)

√ √ No specific actions required via the Standard[See IEEE 450 and IEEE 1106 for Guidelines]

Summary Charts

18 Calendar MonthsVLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required

√ √ √ Verify Float Voltage of the Battery Charger

√ √ √ Verify Continuity of all Cells

√ √ √ Verify Terminal Connection Resistance

√ √ √ Verify Intercell or Unit/Unit Connection Resistance

√ √ √ Inspect Physical Condition of Battery Rack

Summary Charts

18 Calendar MonthsVLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required

√ √ N/A Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by evaluating the Cell/Unit Measurements Indicative of Battery Performance(Option)

Summary Charts

3 Calendar YearsVLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required

N/R √ N/R Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by Conducting a Performance or Modified Performance Capacity Test of the Entire Battery Bank (Recommended Option –(See NERC-PRC-005-2 FAQ & Supplemental Guide)

Summary Charts

6 Calendar YearsVLA VRLA Ni-Cd Maintenance Activity Required

√ √ Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by Conducting a Performance or Modified Performance Capacity Test of the Entire Battery Bank (Recommended Option –(See NERC-PRC-005-2 FAQ & Supplemental Guide)

√ Verify that the Station Battery can Perform as Manufactured by Conducting a Performance or Modified Performance Capacity Test of the Entire Battery Bank (NOT AN OPTION; IS REQUIREMENT)

What About Table 1-4(f)?

Tables 1-4(f) addresses dc Supply Monitoring Devices:

Table If Station dc Supply can Monitor & Alarm:

No Periodic Maintenance Specified

• High and low voltage

• Overvoltage & charger failure

• Electrolyte level (every cell)

• Unintentional dc grounds

• Charger w/ fail-safe to ensure correct float voltage

• Complete battery continuity

What About Table 1-4(f)?

Tables 1-4(f) addresses dc Supply Monitoring Devices:Table If Station dc Supply can Monitor & Alarm:

No Periodic Maintenance Specified

• Intercell and terminal connection detail resistance of the entire battery

• VLA and VRLA internal ohmic value measurements against an accepted baseline with evaluation capability

• VLA and VRLA alarming for each cell/unit internal ohmic measurement values [see Table 2]

Note: Monitoring of one or more elements does not obviate the need for the other elements per the requirements of the Tables.

Summary & Conclusion

1. NERC PRC-005-2 is now a required standard for all functional entities.

2. This standard will force all functional entities who fall under the NERC umbrella to adopt a Protection System Maintenance Program (PSMP) if they don’t already have one:1) Enforces a minimum requirement to a maximum time interval2) Applies to the Protection and Control system only within the BPS/BES

3. Audits are part of the process, and fines will be assessed for non-compliance.

Summary & Conclusion4. The Supplemental Guide and FAQ encourages complete battery

maintenance procedures in accordance with IEEE 450/1188/1106 serving as excellent guidelines for most reliable service.

5. The functional entity must define its meaning of true battery reliability .Note: Reliability may not necessarily equate to capacity as it relates to this

standard.

6. Ohmic measurements are not a true source for measuring battery string capacity until more data substantiates the correlation.

Summary & Conclusion7. Each user must assess his/her own risk management tolerance and

understand the consequences of failure if he/she does not perform capacity testing at all.

8. Four Options:1) Ohmic Measurement Test every 6 or 18 monthsthat should lead to

Condition Based Capacity Testing on a “demand basis” determined by careful analysis

2) Capacity Test every 3 or 6 years (or)

3) Automatic Replacement at shortened intervals

4) Ignore or Modify the first 3 Options at the entity’s peril

AcknowledgementsRecognition & Appreciation is given to the following individuals for providing permission to show this basic information and material, making this presentation possible:

Sam FrancisSenior Electrical Engineer & Chairman of Battery Selection CommitteeOncor Electric DeliveryFt Worth TX

Ed Dobrowolski and Al McMeekinStandards Development AdvisorsNERCAtlanta GA

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