NEPAD Pan African Cassava Initiative (NPACI)

N. Mahungu and B. Anga

The First High-Level Biofuels Seminar in Africa 30 July – 1 August 2007, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

NPACI Fuel ethanol Initiative For Africa:

NEPAD STRATEGIC GOALS NEPAD STRATEGIC GOALS FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORFOR THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

ATTAIN FOOD SECURITY

IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS

IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY TO

ATTAIN 6% ANNUAL AGRIC.GROWTH

RATE

HARNESS ROLE OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY FOR AGRIC. AND FOOD

PRODUCTIONACHIEVE EQUITABLE

DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH

HARNESSING AND MANAGEMENT OF

NATURAL RESOURSES

The Pan African Cassava The Pan African Cassava

Initiative (NPACI)Initiative (NPACI)::

Established in January 2004 by NEPAD;

As a means to tap the enormous potential of cassava in Africa for food security and income generation.

Transformation strategyTransformation strategy

The Initiative is based on a transformation strategy that focuses on developing three interrelated components:

(i) market research and development

(ii) technology generation for development and,

(iii) competitive and sustainable production.

NPACI approachNPACI approach

Not an implementing organization but a facilitating structure

NetworkingCassava National Task Forces

(public and private sectors)Regional networking trough SROs

(SADC, ASARECA, ECOWAS)Promotion of effective

“Presidential Initiatives on Cassava”

Collective action by farmers

Commodity chainsCommodity chains

IAR4D on commodity chain approach

FoodFeedRaw industrial materials

Why CASSAVA?Why CASSAVA?

Very well known to African farmers

Flexible to environmental conditions (rainfall, soils, temperature etc.) and cropping systems; thus well spread in SSA (Flex-crop)

Availability of technologies for science-based development

Why cassava (ct’d)Why cassava (ct’d)

Good technical and scientific support from NARS and int’l research centers (IITA, CIAT, NRI, CIRAD, etc.)

Recent interest by the private sector as an industrial crop

Cassava in Africa (advancing to drier areas)

NPACI has set a vision to create a thriving domestic Fuel ethanol industry within the next five years…

Maximize carbon credit

opportunities

Thriving Homegrown

Industry

Sustainable Developmen

t

Rural wealth and job creation

Environmentally friendly

Energy Self-sufficiencyIntegrate Oil

and Gas with

Agriculture

…which is expected to reduce the dependence on oil while creating a viable commercial venture at a lower cost of production

Key Elements of The Vision

Investing in Feedstock Production, primary processing & supplies:

The Cassava Crop Our Preferred Feedstock:

Economic evaluation with three scenarios of productivity:A. Conservative scenario - 30 t/haB. Medium scenario - 35 t/haC. Expected scenario - 40 t/ha

Competitiveness of African Competitiveness of African cassava farmers per toncassava farmers per ton

Empirical data from baseline study: labour costs increased 4 times in real terms in last 15 years

We must mechanize!!!

Don’t use heavy machinery in fragile soils

Promote use of light machinery such the rugged power tiller and accessories

Cost Reduction EffectsCost Reduction Effects

Manual planting: 1ha/day (12 persons)Manual planting: 1ha/day (12 persons)

1 ha/hour /3 persons

26

21.2 17.5

25.4

29.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Traditionalsystem

Improvedvarieties

Mechanizedplanting

Mechanizedplanting andharvesting

Mechanizedplanting

&harvesting&improved

varieties

US

$/t

on

100% 13.6% 11.6% 27.9% 40.5%

Investing in the provision of feedstock production support services

Private Extension services

Production & supplies of Improved planting materials & other inputs …

Contract Farm mechanization services

In Focus: An integrated Cassava Based Fuel Ethanol For Investment….

Ethanol - Process Brief

Requirements for a typical 30,000 Liters per day plant.

The project - At a Glance.

Sensitivity - Feedstock/ Ethanol prices.

The value chain….

The Largest Cassava based fuel Ethanol Factory in the World(400KLPD in China)

The largest fuel ethanol initiative in Africa:400KLPD (Crown Agro Allied

Investments Ltd)

PROJECT SITE:

Agbadu, KABA-Bunu LGA, Kogi State, Nigeria

10,000 Hectare Nucleus Farm10,000 HECTARES CASSAVA FARM

Cassava to Ethanol – The Process Brief

Washing Rasping

LiquefactionPartial

Sacharification

Sacharification & Fermentation

Feed In Fresh cassava

Mash Out

Ethanol - The Process Brief

Distillation

Mash In

Dehydration

Rectified/ Potable Ethanol

Dehydrated Ethanol

THE EXPECTED IMPACT

Reduced deforestation Enhanced energy security for domestic

and transport fuels Reduced indoor emissions & related

deaths from long exposures to cooking fumes from biomass & parafin

Rural Development Poverty reduction Job creation

% of Firewood & Charcoal Replacement:

Country Firewood Charcoal

Replacement

Country Firewood Charcoal

Replacement

Country Firewood Charcoal

Replacement

Central Africa

Eastern Africa

Western Africa

Angola 19.07% Burundi 6.28% Benin 111.48%

Cameroon 29.82% Ethiopia 25.14% Burkina Faso

17.25%

Chad 25.42% Kenya 3.76% Gambia 2.83%

Congo, Dem 15.06% Madagascar 8.49% Ghana 87.30%

Congo, Rep. 14.28% Malawi 21.03% Guinea 1.52%

Mozambique

24.74% Guinea-Bissau

1.72%

Tanzania 7.18% Mali 28.47%

Uganda 6.59% Nigeria 53.56%

Zambia 0.11% Togo 13.54%

Rural/Agro-Industrial Employment

“Energy Poverty” Reduction

Safe Usage for Women & Children (Non-Spill & Non-Explosive)

Clean Cooking Environment (No Smoke, Fumes or Smell)

Adaptable to Existing Wood fuel & Kerosene Stoves/Cooking Practices

Social Impacts & Benefits

Typical project components of an Integrated Fuel Ethanol Project:

The Fuel Ethanol RefineryThe Nucleus Farm Plantation (optional)

Can be replaced with Contract Out growers & Commodity Merchants Supplies of Dried Grains & Cassava Chips:

Waste Water treatment & Biogas Plant CO2 Recovery & Purification plantBiogas fueled Electricity GeneratorsBio-Fertilizer PlantDDGs Drying Plant For Animal feed

production

Ethanol yields from Ethanol yields from various raw materialsvarious raw materials

CropCrop Crop yieldCrop yield

(t/ha)(t/ha)Bio-fuel Bio-fuel yieldyield

(t/ha)(t/ha)

Sugarcane Sugarcane (juice)(juice)

70-7570-75 6300-75006300-7500

Sweet sorghumSweet sorghum 6060 42004200

MaizeMaize 8.5-98.5-9 3272-30003272-3000

CassavaCassava 30 - 30 - 8080 3000- 3000- 80008000

Cassava ethanol initiatives Cassava ethanol initiatives in Africain Africa

South Africa: Presently seeking a service provider to undertake a detailed assessment of the opportunities for Biofuel production in KwaZulu-Natal and provide a strategy for taking the industry forward in KwaZulu-Natal.

THE NIGERIAN E10 BIO FUEL PROGRAMME

The Emerging Nigerian Bioethanol Scenario.

Consumption: ~12 billion lit/annum gasoline ~4.5 billion lit/annum paraffin

Replacement by Bioethanol 1.2 billion lit /annum for gasoline @ 10 %

blend3.75 billion lit/ annum for paraffin, for

complete replacementInvestment:20 Refineries are needed of 200,000

liters/day capacity @ $35-45million US Dollars /Refinery

Nigeria

Policy (E10 Policy) on 10% ethanol blend to petrol promulgated in 2005

Sources of raw material/feed stock: Sugar cane and Cassava

Created the Renewable Energy Division in the National Petroleum Corporation to oversee policy and encourage private sector investments in bio fuels

New ethanol factory based on sugar cane commissioned in 2006

Nigeria (ct’d)Nigeria (ct’d)

Feasibility for two Ethanol factories with cassava as feedstock concluded

Presidential Initiative on cassava implemented (by national partners and IITA) to support ethanol and other industries

10 new CMD resistant and high yielding cassava varieties released for industrial uses under the Initiative

Introduced mechanised planting and harvesting of cassava in Nigeria with technologies adopted from Brazil

Cassava ethanol initiatives Cassava ethanol initiatives in Africain Africa

 Malawi: Ethanol use in blended petrol (at least 17% ethanol) to promote biofuel

DR Congo: promote, in partnership with international organizations, research for development on biofuel through learning institutions and others.

Tanzania: Informal export of chips to Japan

Kenya, Zimbabwe, etc

NPACI Strategy on EthanolNPACI Strategy on Ethanol

Develop sustainable and competitive cassava production and processing models for ethanol 35 – 80 t/ha in farmers

fields

NPACI SUCCESSNPACI SUCCESS

Thanks

“The private sector” is the central actor in the economy”

“The Governments’ role is to create the enabling conditions.”