Neo Classism

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NEOCLASSISMARCHITECTURE STYLE

SUBMITTED BY:

ADWITEEYA KALP RITWIZ JOHRI

ANUPAM DOSHI

ATUL KUMAR DAGAR

ANANT KALRA

AMAN MATHUR

AYUSHI JAIN


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THE ONLY WAY TO ACHIEVE GREATNESS AND IF

POSSIBLE TO BE IMMITABLE IS TO EMMULATE THE

ANCIENTS.

- Johanan Joachim Winkelmann


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REASONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

NEOCLASSISM

Superficially kicked off by archeological discoveries of ancient monuments, that

were buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

It rose out of a belief that architectural movements like Baroque and Rococo

took architecture too far from its origins by creating a much plastic environment

with superfluous ornamentation.

Articles, essays and books by many French scholars and theorists over reviving

the past and rejecting the anti-natural ornamentation of Rococo and Baroque

styles of architecture. Example.

ESSAI SUR I ARCHITECTURE by Marc Antoine Laugier

Books by Vitruvius (about mythical origins of Architecture)


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What is NEOCLASSICISM ?

Neoclassicism is referred to the revival of classicalaesthetics and antiquities but from a new perspective orwith a new motivation.

It began in the 18thcentury manifested both in its detail asa reaction against

ROCOCO styleLate BAROQUE style

Thus, NEOCLASSISM was the architecture in its

purest form, it is a style principally derived fromthe architecture of Classical Greece and Rome.


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WHEN AND WHERE.

Neoclassicism began in Europe in the late 1700's and lasted till the 1800'sand later.

Picture Reference : UNDERSTANDING ARCHITECTUREby Marco Bussagli


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PLACES WHERE NEOCLASSISM WAS

PRACTICED ARE:ITALY

FRANCE

SPAIN

GREECE

BRITAIN

RUSSIA

ENGLAND

GERMANY


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KEY CONCEPTS AND

THEORIES

RESTRAINT

ORDER

FORM

DESCIPLINE

REASON

ENLIGHTMENT


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BASIC CHARACTERSTICSThe style breaded on the

balance and harmony ofancient Greece.

Buildings indulged in no

scenographic effects and

elements clearly reveal their

function.

Straight lines are favored over

curves, volumes are less often

contrasted, adornments are

fewer, symmetry becomes a

must, columns and lintels aremore frequent than arches, &

triangular pediments than

semi-circular ones. BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDONPicture Reference : www.google.com


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symmetrical shape, tall

columns that rise the full

height of the building,

triangular pediment, and a

domed roof.

The buildings are

characterized by

monumental structures,

supported or decorated by

columns of Doric, Or

Corinthian pillars, andtopped with classical

Renaissance domes.

Architectural innovations

like layered cupolas and

inner cores added strength

to domes, and their

dimensions increased

grandeur to civic buildings,

churches, educational

facilities and large private

homes.

-------Pantheon, Paris------------

Picture Reference : www.google.com


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KEY ARCHITECTS

MARC ANTOINE LAUGIER (1713-1769)

JACQUES GERMAN SOUFFLOT (1730-1780)

JACQUES GONDION (1737-1818)

THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743-1826)

PIERRE VIGNON (1762-1828)

BENJAMIN LATROBE (1764-1820)

KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL (1780-1841)

ROBERT SMIRKE (1781-1867)

LEO YON KLENZE (1784-1864)

SIR. ROBERT ADAM (1728-1792)

JOHN SHAWN


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KEY BUILDINGS


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PANTHEON, Paris (1756-1797

-------Pantheon, Paris------------ Picture Reference : www.google.com


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ARCHITECT - JACQUES GERMAN SOUFFLOT (1730-1780)

CONSTRUCTION - Bearing masonry , Cut stone



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LINE OF SYMMETRY

AND BALANCECOLLUMNS OF CORITHIAN ORDER (LESS

ORNAMENTATION)

COLLUMNS

OF

CORITHIAN

ORDER

(HEAVYORNAMENTA

TION)

Built on Greek Cross scheme of Renaissance roots, its five domes are

supported by ranks of widely spaced, slender columns and light

triangular piers


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LAYERED CUPOLAS

SECTION THROUGH THE PANTHEON, PARIS

USE OF COLLUMNS

(DORIC ORDER) TO

INCREASE THE SPAN

LARGELY

LINE OF SYMMETRY

AND BALANCE

DOME

USE OF LINTEL FOR

SUPPORT RATHER

THEN ARCHES


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TRIANGULAR PEDIMENTS

Straight lines are favored over curves, volumes are less often contrasted, adornments

are fewer, symmetry becomes a must, columns and lintels are more frequent than

arches, & triangular pediments than semi-circular ones.

The style breaded on

the balance and

harmony of ancient

Greece.

Tall columns that rise

the full height of the

building



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VIE

WS

-------Pantheon (interior), Paris------------ Picture Reference : www.google.com


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ALTES MEUSEUM, Berlin

(1822-1830)

-------Altes Meusueum---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com


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ALTES MEUSEUM, Berlin (1822-1830)

ARCHITECT -

KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL (1780-1841)

CONSTRUCTION -

Bearing masonry , Cut stone


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LINE OF SYMMETRY

AND BALANCE

-------PLAN (Altes museum)------------

Picture Reference : THE ART BULLETIN 1990

HUGE SPAN HALLS

COLLUMNS OF

DORIC ORDER


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TRIANGULAR PEDIMENTS

USE OF COMMUNS

AND LINTEL FOR

SUPPORT RATHER

THEN ARCHES

COLLUMNS OF

DORIC ORDER

-------SECTION (Altes museum)--------



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USE OF COLLUMNS

(DORIC ORDER) TO

INCREASE THE SPAN

LARGELY

CORNICE ACTING AS

AN ARCHITRAVE

SYMMETRICAL

SHAPED TALL

COLLUMNS THAT

RISE THE FULL

HIGHT OF THE

BUILDING

DOME COLLUMNS GIVING

WAY TO PILLASTERS

WITH VERY LESS

ORNAMENTATION

-------ELEVATION (Altes museum)------



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LAYERED CUPOLASSYMMETRICAL

SHAPED TALL

COLLUMNS THAT

RISE THE FULL

HIGHT OF THEBUILDING

DOMEUSE OF COLLUMNS

AND LINTEL FOR

SUPPORT RATHER

THEN ARCHES

-------SECTION THROUGH DOME (Altes museum)--------



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-------PERSPECTIVE VIEW (Altes museum)--------


THE CAPITOL BUILDING W hi DC


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THE CAPITOL BUILDING, Washington DC

(1822-1830)

-------The Capitol building----------- Picture Reference : www.google.com


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ARCHITECT -

BENJAMIN LATROBE (1764-1820)



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LINE OF SYMMETRY

AND BALANCE

-------PLAN-(The Capitol building)-----------

Picture Reference : www.google.com


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-------SECTION-(The Capitol building)-----------Picture Reference : www.google.com

DOME

COLLUMNS OF

CORITHIAN ORDER

(HEAVY

ORNAMENTATION)


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THE BRITISH MEUSIUM, England

(1822-1830)

ARCHITECT - ROBERT SMIRKE (1781-1867)

CONSTRUCTION - Bearing masonry , Cut stone

-------The British museum---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com


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LA MADELEINE, Paris

(1822-1830)

-------La Madeleine---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com


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-------La Madeleine---------- Picture Reference : www.google.comC


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ROMAN TRUIMPHAL ARCH

(1822-1830)

-------Roman Triumphal Arch--------- Picture Reference : www.google.com


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-------Roman Triumphal Arch--------- Picture Reference : www.google.com


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BIBLOGRAPHY

ISM- UNDERSTANDING ARCHITECTURE by - Jeremy Melvin

UNDERSTANDING ARCHITECTURE byMarco Bussagli

THE ART BULLETIN - 1990

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.britanica.com

www.greatbuildings.com
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.britanika.com/http://www.greatbuildings.com/http://www.greatbuildings.com/http://www.britanika.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/


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Neo Classism