Nelson Mandela Biografy

7/30/2019 Nelson Mandela Biografy

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Nelson MANDELA:Biography:

Csar Alberto Al FigueroaCuarto de Secundaria


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Nelson MANDELA:BiographyHis youth

His fightHis detention

Imprisonment

Education and early career

The Rivonia Trial

Release

PresidencyThe end of Apartheid

FamilyRetirement


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His youth:

Rolihlahla Dalibunga Mandela was born in South Africaon July 18 in1918. His father was Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe.

At the age of nine he lost his father. So the paramount

chief, Jongintaba Dalindyebo, became his guardian

Attended meetings conducted by JongintabaLearned about governance


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Education and early career:

Attended Methodist missionary schools.There, renamed Nelson.

Opened firm with Oliver Tambo in 1952First black African legal practice.

Studied law at University of Witwatersrand

Enrolled at University of Fort Hare in 1938Befriended Oliver TamboBoth expelled in 1940 for political activism

Worked at law firm in JohannesburgTook course provided by University of South Africa at night


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His fight:Joined African National Congress in 1944

Formed Youth League with Oliver Tamboo Secretary of ANCYL in 1947

National Party won election of 1948 , and established the Apartheid.o New ANC president approved by ANCYL

President of ANCYL in 1951

Banned from ANC in 1952o Prohibited from attending meetings or holding an office

Confined to Johannesburg area

ANC operated underground


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His detention:

156 nationalists arrested December 5th, 1956Included Mandela and Albert Luthuli, President of ANC

PAC, Combination of five major anti-apartheid organizations, Formed bymore radical members of ANC

Rivalry between ANC and PAC

The Sharpeville Massacre: 69 demonstrators killed on March 21, 1960

Both groups (ANC and PAC) formed military wings in 1961 Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation MK)

Mandela appointed first commander of MK.

Mandela left country in secret in 1962, Traveled to Algeria for militarytraining - Guerilla warfare

Next to London to visit Tambo, Arrested upon return


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The Rivonia Trial:Charged for leaving country, Sentenced to five years in prison

During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought

against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the

ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal

opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which

I am prepared to die.


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Imprisonment:

Told that in exchange hemust withdraw from political

activism1982: they were sent toPollsmore Prison1985: Mandela refused apossibility to get free because he

would have to stop fightingviolently

He spent 27 years in prison, 18 years of which on Robben Island

lived in a 4 sqm- cell black prisoners werent considered to be human beingsOffered freedom in 1976


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Release:

Frederik Willem de Klerk becamepresident in 1989

Lifted ban on all politicalparties

Released all politicalprisoners not guilty of violentcrimes

On February 11th, 1990 Mandela

was released


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The end of Apartheid:

Replaced Tambo as president of ANCConvention for Democratic South America formed in 1991

o To negotiate transitional governmento Both Mandela and de Klerk involved

Jointly awarded Nobel Peace Prize in December of 1993First multiracial election in South Africa in April of 1994

o ANC won by 62%o Government of National Unity

Mandela became president of South Africa


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Presidency:First black president of South Africa, Inaugurated May 10th, 1994Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Human rights violations from old regimeImproved living standards of black population

Aimed to improve social and economic conditions for black majority

Large scale redistribution of wealthBetter housing and educationViolence control

Afrikaner Resistance MovementExtremists opposing newgovernment using terrorism

Legislation to protect workersWorkplace safety, overtime pay, minimumwage


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Family:Mandela has been married three times1944: marriage with Evelyn Ntoko Mase

o They had five children, but two diedo 1957: the marriage was divorced

1958: he married Winnie Nomzamo

Madikizelao They had a son together, MakgathoMandela

o 1996: they were divorced

1998: Mandela married Graa Machel

January 2005: Mandelas second sondied of AIDS


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Retirement:Decided not to run for reelection in 1997

o Supported Thabo Mbekio Inaugurated June 16, 1999

Son Makgatho Mandela died of AIDS on January6th, 2005

2002: Nelson Mandelas worldwide campaign46664 against AIDS was founded. 46664 washis prison number on Robben Island

Aim of the organisation is to inform people about AIDS and how important it is to protect oneself

Retired from public life in 2004
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/music/galleries/view/music/46664concert2005/browse/6


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We have at last achieved our political emancipation. We pledge ourselves to liberate all

our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender, and other

discrimination We commit ourselves to the construction of a complete, just and lasting peace.

. . . Never, never, and never again shall it be that this

beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another. . .

Let freedom reign.

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Nelson Mandela Biografy