NELSON MANDELA

7/21/2019 NELSON MANDELA

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• I ntroduction

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013)

as a !ou"h #$rican %oli"ician and ac"i&is"' n #%ril 2 * 199+* he as

made "he $irs" ,residen" o$ !ou"h #$rica elec"ed in a $ully re%resen"ed

democra"ic elec"ion' Mandela as also "he $irs" blac- ,residen" o$ his

coun"ry'

Mandela as born in M&e.o* !ou"h #$rica "o a /hembu royal

$amily' is o&ernmen" $ocused on "hro in ou" "he le acy o$ a%ar"heidby endin racism* %o&er"y* ine uali"y* and on im%ro&in racial

unders"andin in !ou"h #$rica' ,oli"ically a belie&er in socialism* he

ser&ed as "he ,residen" o$ "he #$rican Na"ional on ress (#N ) $rom

1991 "o 199 and ado%"ed ne ons"i"u"ion o$ !ou"h #$rican in 1994

"ha" %rohibi"s all discrimina"ion* based on lan ua e* reli ion* handica%

and se ual orien"a"ion* no" only on racism' 6n"erna"ionally* Mandela as

"he !ecre"ary 7eneral o$ "he Non #li ned Mo&emen" $rom 1998 "o 1999'

Mandela recei&ed more "han 250 honors* includin "he 1993

Nobel ,eace ,ri.e* "he ! ,residen"ial Medal o$ :reedom* and "he

!o&ie" rder o$ ;enin' e is o$"en re$erred "o by his <hosa clan name*

Madiba* or as /a"a (=:a"her=)'

Mandela as sic- $or se&eral years durin his re"iremen"' e

as hos%i"ali.ed in la"e summer o$ 2013 $rom a con"inuous lun



in$ec"ion' Mandela died on 5 December 2013 in ou h"on >s"a"e*

Johannesbur $rom "he lun in$ec"ion' e as 95 years old'



• E arly life

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela as born on July 18* 1918 in

M&e.o* m"a"a (no M"ha"ha)* /rans-ei* !ou"h #$rica' e had "hir"een

siblin s by "he same $a"her* and " o mo"hers' is %aren"s ere 7adla

enry M%ha-anyis a and Nose-eni Non a%hi' is i&en name as

Rolihlahla* a <hosa name meanin %ullin "he branch o$ a "ree or

in$ormally* "roublema-er' e as a member o$ "he /hembu royal $amily'

n his $irs" day o$ school* he as i&en "he name Nelson by his "eacher

Miss Mdin ane' 7i&in children in #$rica >n lish names as a cus"omamon #$ricans durin "ha" %eriod'

Mandela?s $a"her died hen he as nine' Mandela "hen li&ed

i"h "he local re en" ho sen" him "o school' e as "he $irs" member o$

his $amily "o o "o a school' e as e %elled $rom :or" are ni&ersi"y

in 19+1* because he led a rou% o$ s"uden"s on %oli"ical s"ri-e' #$"er heas e %elled* Nelson $ound a @ob as a ni h" a"chman'



• A nti- A partheid A ctivity

6n 19++* Mandela hel%ed s"ar" "he #$rican Na"ional on ress

Aou"h ;ea ue' e as soon a hi h ran-ed leader o$ "he rou%'

e an"ed "o $ree !ou"h #$rica i"hou" &iolence* bu" "he

o&ernmen" s"ar"ed -illin and hur"in %ro"es"ers' e "hen s"ar"ed

m-hon"o e !i. e i"h Bal"er !isulu and o"her %eo%le in "he #$rican

Na"ional on ress "ha" he admired* such as Maha"ma 7andhi'

# "rial as la"er held and became -no n as "he Ri&onia /rial'

Mandela as on "rial because o$ his in&ol&emen" in sabo"a e and

&iolence in 1942' e as sen"enced "o li$e in %rison* and as sen" "o

Robben 6sland* bu" as "rans$erred "o Cic"or Cers"er ,rison in 1988' 6n

1990* he as le" ou" o$ Cic"or Cers"er ,rison a$"er 24'5 years' e le$"

%rison a$"er de ler- remo&ed a ban on "he #$rican Na"ional on ress'

e ordered Mandela?s release' e "hen recei&ed "he Nobel ,eace ,ri.e

in 1993* i"h $ormer !"a"e ,residen" o$ !ou"h #$rica* :rederi- Billem de

ler-'



• P residency

Mandela on "he eneral elec"ion in #%ril 199+' is

inau ura"ion as in ,re"oria on 10 May 199+' Many %eo%le around "he

orld sa his inau ura"ion on "ele&ision' /he e&en" had +000 ues"s*

includin orld leaders $rom di$$eren" bac- rounds' Mandela as "he

$irs" !ou"h #$rican ,residen" elec"ed in a com%le"ely democra"ic elec"ion'

#s !ou"h #$rica?s $irs" blac- ,residen"* Mandela became head

o$ "he 7o&ernmen" o$ Na"ional ni"y hich as under con"rolled by "he #$rican Na"ional on ress (or #N )' /he #N had no -no led e in

%oli"ics* bu" had re%resen"a"i&es $rom "he Na"ional ,ar"y and 6n-a"ha' 6n

-ee%in i"h earlier %romises* de ler- became $irs" De%u"y ,residen"*

hile /habo Mbe-i as chosen second'

#l"hou h Mbe-i had no" been his $irs" choice $or ,residen"*

Mandela soon "rus"ed Mbe-i "hrou hou" his %residency' /his allo ed

Mbe-i "o or ani.e %olicy de"ails' Mandela mo&ed in"o "he %residen"ial

o$$ice a" /uynhuys in a%e /o n' e ould se""le in"o "he nearby

Bes"broo-e Manor' Bes"broo-e as renamed 7enadendal' ,reser&in

his ou h"on home* he also had a house buil" in his home &illa e o$

Eunu' e &isi"ed Eunu re ularly* al-in around "he area* mee"in i"h

local %eo%le ho li&ed "here* and @ud in "ribal %roblems'

e $aced many illness a" a e 4' #l"hou h ha&in ener y* he

$el" le$" ou" and lonely' e o$"en en"er"ained celebri"ies* such as Michael



Jac-son* Bhoo%i 7oldber * and "he !%ice 7irls' e became $riends i"h

a number o$ rich business %eo%le* li-e arry %%enheimer and Fri"ish

monarch >li.abe"h 66 on her March 1995 s"a"e &isi" "o !ou"h #$rica' /his

resul"ed in s"ron @ud men" $rom #N an"i ca%i"alis"s' Des%i"e hissurroundin s* Mandela li&ed sim%ly* dona"in a "hird o$ his G552*000

eal"h "o "he Nelson Mandela hildren?s :und* hich he had $ounded in

1995' 6n "ha" same year* Mandela %ublished his au"obio ra%hy* ;on

Bal- "o :reedom'

#l"hou h in $a&or o$ $reedom o$ "he %ress* Mandela as

im%or"an" o$ much o$ "he coun"ry?s media because i" as o ned and run

by many middle class hi"es' Mandela became -no n $or his use o$

Fa"i- shir"s* -no n as Madiba shir"s* e&en on normal e&en"s' Mandela

had ne&er %lanned on ser&in a second "erm in o$$ice' Mandela a&e his

$are ell s%eech on 29 March 1999* a$"er hich he re"ired' Mandela?s

"erm ended on 1+ June 1999' /habo Mbe-i succeeded Mandela as

,residen" o$ !ou"h #$rica'



• Nobel Prize

e on "he Nobel ,eace ,ri.e $or his leadershi% $or his an"i

a%ar"heid ac"i&ism in 1993' #$"er recei&in "he %ri.e he saidH

=Be s"and here "oday as no"hin more "han a re%resen"a"i&e o$

"he millions o$ our %eo%le ho dared "o rise u% a ains" a social o%era"ion

hose &ery essence is ar* &iolence* racism* o%%ression* re%ression

and "he im%o&erishmen" o$ an en"ire %eo%le'=

• P ersonal Life

Mandela has been married "hree "imes and has si children' e

had se&en"een randchildren* and a ro in number o$ rea"

randchildren' /hou h" %hysically non emo"ional i"h his children* he

could be s"ern and demandin '

Mandela as married "o >&elyn N"o-o Mase in c"ober 19++'

/hey had " o children' Mandela remained married "o >&elyn un"il "hey

di&orced in 195 ' >&elyn died in 200+' e as married "o Binnie

Madi-i.ela in 1958' /hey had " o dau h"ers' /he cou%le $iled $or

se%ara"ion in 1992' /hey di&orced in 1994' Mandela remarried on his

80"h bir"hday in 1998 "o 7raIa Machel' !he as "he ido o$ !amora

Machel' Machel as "he $ormer Mo.ambican %residen" and #N ally

ho as -illed in an air crash 12 years earlier'



/hou h %ublicly cri"ici.in him on se&eral e&en"s* Mandela li-ed

ni"ed !"a"es ,residen" Fill lin"on' Mandela %ersonally su%%or"ed him

durin his im%eachmen" "rial in 1998'

• H ealth & Death

n 2 March 2013* Mandela as hos%i"ali.ed in ,re"oria $rom a

lun in$ec"ion' 6" as re%or"ed on 28 March "ha" he as res%ondin ell

"o "rea"men"' Mandela as a ain hos%i"ali.ed on June $rom ano"her lun in$ec"ion* n 23 June* his condi"ion as announced "o be cri"ical'

n 24 June* i" as announced "ha" Mandela as %u" on li$e su%%or"' n

+ July* Mandela?s $amily announced "ha" Mandela as under li$e su%%or"

and he as in a %ermanen" %ersis"en" &e e"a"i&e s"a"e' /he ne " day*

"he !ou"h #$rican o&ernmen" denied "he $ac" "ha" Mandela as in a

&e e"a"i&e s"a"e' Mandela as dischar ed $rom "he hos%i"al on 1

!e%"ember 2013'

Mandela died on 5 December 2013 a" his home a" ou h"on

>s"a"e* Johannesbur $rom com%lica"ions o$ a lun in$ec"ion* a ed 95'

e as surrounded by his $amily hen he died' is dea"h as

announced by ,residen" Jacob uma'

n 4 December* uma announced a na"ional mournin $or "en

days' #n e&en" $or an o$$icial memorial ser&ice as held a" "he :NF

!"adium in Johannesbur on /uesday 10 December' e declared



!unday 8 December a na"ional day o$ %rayerH =Be call u%on all our

%eo%le "o a"her in halls* churches* mos ues* "em%les* syna o ues and

in "heir homes "o %ray and hold %rayer ser&ices and medi"a"ion re$lec"in

on "he li$e o$ Madiba and his con"ribu"ion "o our coun"ry and "he orld'=

• F uneral & urial

Mandela?s body lied in s"a"e $rom 11 "o 13 December a" "he

nion Fuildin s in ,re"oria' # s"a"e $uneral as held on !unday 15

December in Eunu' Da&id ameron* illary lin"on* Farac- bama* Fill7a"es* and %rah Bin$rey ere "here'

n 28 June Mandela?s $amily ere ar uin abou" here "o bury

Mandela' n 29 June "he !ou"h #$rican o&ernmen" announced "ha" a

memorial ser&ice $or Mandela ill be held 10 "o 1+ days a$"er his dea"h

a" !occer i"y' n 1 July i" as announced "ha" i$ Mandela ere "o die

he mi h" become "he $irs" non Fri"ish %erson "o be honored a"

Bes"mins"er #bbey' Eueen >li.abe"h 66 honored Mandela i"h a

"han-s i&in ser&ice a" Bes"mins"er #bbey in early 201+' /his made

Mandela "he $irs" non Fri"ish %erson "o be honored a" Bes"mins"er

#bbey' Mandela as buried in "he &illa e o$ Eunu in "he >as"ern a%e

o$ !ou"h #$rica' Eunu is here he re u%'



• H onors

6n !ou"h #$rica* Mandela is some"imes called by his <hosa clan

name o$ Madiba' Nelson Mandela as honored i"h "he $ollo in H

• 6n 1990* Mandela recei&ed "he Fhara" Ra"na # ard in 6ndia'

• 6n 1992 recei&ed ,a-is"an?s Nishan e ,a-is"an'

• 6n 1992* he as a arded "he #"a"Kr- ,eace # ard by /ur-ey' ere$used "he a ard* because o$ human ri h"s &iola"ions commi""ed by

/ur-ey a" "he "ime'L45 e la"er acce%"ed "he a ard in 1999'

• 6n 1993* Mandela on "he Nobel ,eace ,ri.e i"h :' B' de ler- $or

"heir or- durin "he ci&il ri h"s re&olu"ion in !ou"h #$rica'

• 6n 1993* Mandela recei&ed "he -ey o$ "he ci"y o$ hica o* 6llinois $rom

Mayor Richard M' Daley'

• 6n 200 * Mandela as honored i"h a s"a"ue in Bes"mins"er #bbey*

;ondon* >n land'

• 6n 2009* "he ni"ed Na"ions made 18 July Mandela Day'

• 6n 2012* "he ,raia 6n"erna"ional #ir%or" in a%e Cerde as renamed

as "he Nelson Mandela 6n"erna"ional #ir%or"'



• 6n 2013* a s"a"ue o$ Mandela as un&eiled in "he !ou"h #$rican

embassy ou"side o$ Bashin "on* D' '

• /he ci"y o$ Johannesbur a arded him :reedom o$ "he i"y'

• !and"on ! uare in Johannesbur as renamed Nelson Mandela

! uare in March 200+'

• /he Nelson Mandela Fay !"adium as named in his honor'

• /he Nelson Mandela Frid e* in Johannesbur as also named in his

honor'

• Mandela as a arded "he ! ,residen"ial Medal o$ :reedom by

"hen ,residen" o$ "he ni"ed !"a"es 7eor e B' Fush'

• Mandela as a arded "he rder o$ anada'

• Mandela as "he $irs" li&in %erson made an honorary anadian

ci"i.en'

• Mandela as "he las" reci%ien" o$ "he !o&ie" nion?s ;enin ,eace

,ri.e $rom "he !o&ie" nion'

• Mandela $irs" reci%ien" o$ "he #l 7adda$i 6n"erna"ional ,ri.e $or uman

Ri h"s'



• Mandela as honored i"h "he rder o$ "he #."ec >a le by "he

Me ican o&ernmen"'

• # %ar- in ;eices"er* >n land as named Nelson Mandela ,ar- asnamed a$"er Mandela'

• >li.abe"h 66 a arded him "he Faili$$ 7rand ross o$ "he rder o$ !"

John'

•

Mandela as also a arded "he rder o$ Meri" by >li.abe"h 66'

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NELSON MANDELA