Nehf;fkNehf;fkNehf;fk;;; - E-thaksalawa · ,ytrg; ghlE}y; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf 59 DTP nranyhOq;fpd; gbKiwfs; DTP nranyhOq;fpd; KjyhtJ gbKiw ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpiaj; jahupg;gjhFk;. mf;ifnaOj;Jg;

56 ,ytrg; ghlE}y; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf

Nehf;fkNehf;fkNehf;fkNehf;fkNehf;fk ;; ;; ;

njhlu;ghly; kw;Wk; Clfk; njhlu;ghd njhopy; El;gk;

mz;kpa jrhg;jj;jpy; kpf Ntfkhf khw;wkile;Js;sJld; gy;NtW

njhlu;ghly; cgfuzq;fSk; fUtpfSk; vkJ md;whl tho;tpd;

gq;Fjhuu;fshfpAs;sd.

,e;jg; gy;NtW njhlu;ghly; kw;Wk; Clf cgfuzq;fs;>

fUtpfisf; ifahs;tJ njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rpia cq;fSf;F

toq;FtNj ,t;tj;jpahaj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,q;F eilngw

Ntz;baJ xt;nthU Clf cgfuzq;fs; fUtpfspd; ngau;fisAk;

mit gw;wpa tpguq;fisAk; kdg;ghlk; nra;tjd;W. khwhf

mj;jifa cgfuzq;fs; fUtpfis ,af;FtJ njhlu;ghd

mDgtq;fis nray; Kiw uPjpahfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjhFk;.

mt;thW nra;a Ntz;Lkhapd; mj;jifa Clf cgfuzq;fs;>

fUtpfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mJ njhlu;ghd nrad;

Kiw mDgtq;fisg; ngw Ntz;Lk;.

`Nyh!

57,ytrg; ghlE}y; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf

mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;

etPd r%fj;ij MuhAk; NghJ njupa tUk; Xu; Mr;rupakhd

tplak; vd;dntd;why;> mq;F fhzg;gLk; gy;NtWgl;l gzpfspd;

njhFjpahFk;. mtw;Ws; rpy nghJthd epiyikfshf ,Ug;gJld;

mtw;iw cld; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sTk; KbAk;. rpy gzpfs; rpwg;Gj;

jd;ik tha;e;jjhf ,Ug;gJld; ngUk;ghYk; mtw;wpy; <Lgl;bUg;NghUf;Nf

mtw;iw ed;F tpsq;ff; $bajhfTs;sJ. ,j;jifa gzpfs; vkJ

tho;tpy; rhjhuzkhf ,Ue;jitfsy;y. cjhuzkhf kpd;dQ;ry; (Fax)

xd;iw mDg;GtJ gw;wpr; rpj;jpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;. xU nra;jp mlq;fpa

Mtzj;ij Xuplj;jpypUe;J kw;Nwhu; ,lj;Jf;F nfhz;L nry;y gz;ila

r%fj;jpdu; gy;NtW topfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldu;.

mit :mit :mit :mit :mit :

- xU J}Jt&lhf mDg;Gjy;

- KuriwNthd; %yk; njuptpj;jy;

- gwitfs; %yk; nfhz;L nry;yy; (Gwh)

- <l;bapy; ,izj;J vwpjy;

,t;tidj;J KiwfisAk; tpl kpd;dQ;ry; NtWgl;ljhFk;. mJ

xU njhopy; El;gr; nranyhOq;fhFk;. mj;Jld; mj;njhopy; El;gr;

nranyhOq;if ,af;f mJ njhlu;ghd Nju;r;rp mtrpakhFk;.

,t;thW vkJ md;whl tho;Tld; njhopy; El;gr; nranyhOq;Fk;

njhopy; El;g cgfuzq;fs; fUtpfSk; ,ize;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

ePq;fs; ,it njhlu;ghd mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :cjhuzk; :

1. CL fhl;bj;jhs; xl;Lk; ,ae;jpuj;ij ,af;Fjy; (Laminatiion)

2. Gifg;glg; gpujpnaLj;jy;

3. kpd;dQ;ry; mDg;Gjy;

4. mwpf;ifnahd;iw ,ae;jpuj;jpD}lhf fl;Ljy;

5. ml;ilg;glnkhd;iwf; fzpdpapy; jahupj;jy;


,J Nghd;W gy;NtW gzpfSld; njhlu;ghd gy;NtW njhopy; El;g

cgfuzq;fs;> fUtpfis ,af;Fk; Nju;r;rpia ePq;fs; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.fzpdp rhu;e;j ntspaPLfs;> cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw ,af;Fk; Nju;r;rpia

ePq;fs; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. fhupahya Clf cgfuzq;fs; jfty;fs;>jfty; gupkhWk; Clf cgfuzq;fs;> tFg;giw Clf cgfuzq;fs;Nghd;wtw;iw ,af;Fk; mDgtj;ijg; ngWk; tha;g;G cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk;.

,d;iwa cyfpy; kpf ntw;wpfukhd xU Fbkfdhf khWtjw;fhf

fzpdpg; ghtid Mw;wiy ePq;fs; tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. Jupjkhff;fUj;Jg; gupkhWtjw;Fk;> rpwe;j njhlu;ghlYf;Fk;> Ra fw;iff;Fk;> nghOJNghf;fpw;Fk; ,tw;wpdhy; fpilf;Fk; Jiz msg;gupajhFk;. vOj;jwpit msf;Fk;etPd mq;fkhfTk; fzpdpg; ghtid Mw;wy; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

3.1 fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fs;3.1 fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fs;3.1 fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fs;3.1 fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fs;3.1 fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fs;

m) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;Lr; nranyhOq;F m) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;Lr; nranyhOq;F m) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;Lr; nranyhOq;F m) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;Lr; nranyhOq;F m) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;Lr; nranyhOq;F (Desktop Publishing)

cq;fs; tUlhe;jg; nghJf; $l;lj;jpd; mwpf;ifia $l;l Kbtpy;ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbfpd;wjh?

Muk;g fhyj;jpy; Xu; Mtzj;ij mr;rpLtjhdhy; xNu Nkirapy;itj;J mjid epiwT nra;Ak; epiy ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;; fzpdpntspaPl;Lr; nranyhOq;F (Desktop Publishing DTP) %yk; xU

NkirapNyNa mr;R Ntiyfis kpff; FWfpa Neuj;jpy; epiwTnra ; a KbAk ; ., r ; n r a n y h O q ; Fcq ; fSf ;Fg ; Gj p amDgtkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.xU jl;lr;R ,ae;jpuj;jpy;

xU nkOFg; gj;jpuj;ijj;jl;lr;R %yk; jahupj;Jmjd; %yk; Mtzq;fis,ul;bg;Gr ; nra;J Crp,izg;G ,ae;jpuj;jpdhy;(Stapler machine) ,izj;Jg;

gad;gLj;Jtij mNdfkhf e P q ; fs ;fz;bUf;fyhk;. Muk;g

fhyj;jpy; guPl;ir tpdhj;jhs;fs; ,t;thW jhd; mr;rplg;gl;ld.,k;Kiwia Muk;gfhy DTP nranyhOq;F vd;W $wyhk;.

glk; :- 3.1.1 fzpdprhu; ntspg;ghl;Lr;

nray;ghLfs;


DTP nranyhOq;fpd; gbKiwfs;nranyhOq;fpd; gbKiwfs;nranyhOq;fpd; gbKiwfs;nranyhOq;fpd; gbKiwfs;nranyhOq;fpd; gbKiwfs;

DTP nranyhOq;fpd; KjyhtJ gbKiw ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpiaj;

jahupg;gjhFk;. mf;ifnaOj;Jg; gpujp fzpdp nkd;nghUs; cjtpAld;

DTP nrayhOq;Ff;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. nkd;nghUs; ghtpj;J if

vOj;Jg; gpujp fzpdp vOj;jhf;fj;Jf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;L mJ %yg;

gpujpAld; xg;G Nehf;fg;gl;L > rup nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. jkpo; my;yJ

rpq;fs nkhopapy; fzpdpapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l gpd; fzpdpj; jpiuapy;

itj;J jpg];> n`ygpk> vg;.vk;. mga> mkpy> fofk;> ghkpdp (Kalaham,

Bamini) Nghd;w vOj;Jj; (Font) njhFjpiag; gad;gLj;jpr; rupghu;j;Jf;

nfhs;s KbAk;.

,t;thW ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Mtzj;jpd; mr;Rg; gpujpnahd;iw

jpiuapy; Njitahd cUf;fs;> tbtq;fis> ,izj;J jsf;Nfhyj;ijj;

( Layout page) jahu; nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;. rupahd mikg;ig fzpdpj;

jpiuapy; ghu;j;Jj; Njit Vw;gbd; fzpdp mr;Rg; nghwp (Printer) xd;wpd;

cjtpAld; gpujpnahd;iwg; ngw KbAk;.

DTP nranyhOq;fpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;nranyhOq;fpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;nranyhOq;fpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;nranyhOq;fpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;nranyhOq;fpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;

1. Fiwe;j nryT

2. Fiwe;j gl;r kdpj tYNt Njitg;gly;

3. FWfpa Neuj;jpy; mr;Rg; gpujp fpilj;jy;

4. Njitahd NghJ jpUj;jq;fs; nra;J nfhs;syhk;

DTP nranyhOq;F cU %yk;nranyhOq;F cU %yk;nranyhOq;F cU %yk;nranyhOq;F cU %yk;nranyhOq;F cU %yk;

Nkw;$wpa fzpdp ntspaPl;Lr; nranyhOq;Ff;fhfTk; ,Wjp

ntspaPl ;ilg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; gy cgfuzq;fs;

gad;Lj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;Tgfuzq;fs; xU rq;fpyp tl;lj;ijg; Nghy;

xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlu;Gw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;wpd; nraw;ghl;il

mLj;J tUk; gFjpfspy; ghu;g;Nghk;.

ifnaOj;Jg;

gpujp jahupj;jy;vOj;jikg;Gk;

gf;f tbtikg;Gk;

gpujpfs;

jahupj;jy;


M) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;M) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;M) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;M) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;M) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;

fzpdp fzpdp fzpdp fzpdp fzpdp (Computer)

fzpdp vd;gJ juTfis toq;Fjy;> juTfisj; jahupj;jy;>

juTfis fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jjy;> jahupf;fg;gLk; juTfis ntspf; nfhzu;jy;

vd;gtw;iwr; nra;Ak; xU ,yj;jpudpay; fUtpahFk;. ntspaPl;Lg;

gzpfSf;fhf fzpdpapd; rpy cs;sf cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

td;nghUSk; nkd;nghUSk td;nghUSk; nkd;nghUSk td;nghUSk; nkd;nghUSk td;nghUSk; nkd;nghUSk td;nghUSk; nkd;nghUSk ; ; ;; ;; ;; ;; (Hardware and Software)

fzpdp ntspaPl;Lj; njhopy;ghl;by; gq;F nfhs;Sk; fl;lhakhd

,U mq;fq;fshf td;nghUs;> nkd;nghUs; ( Software and Hardware)

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

td;nghUs; td;nghUs; td;nghUs; td;nghUs; td;nghUs; (Hardware)

ngsjpf uPjpahf fzpdpiaj;

jahu pg ;gjw ;Fk ; gad;gLj ;jg ;gLk ;

midj;Jg; gFjpfSk; td;nghUs; vd;w

ngauhy; miof;fg;gLk;.

glk; :- 3.1.2 ika nrayfk;

(System Unit)glk; :- 3.1.3 fzpdpj;

jpiu (Monitor)

(xU ntspaPl;Lf; fUtp)

glk; :- 3.1.5

mr;Rg; gpujpnaLf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; (Printer)

(xU ntspaPl;Lf; fUtp)

glk; :- 3.1.4 Rl;b

(Mouse)

(cs;sPl;Lf; fUtp)

glk; :- 3.1.6 ,Wtl;L ,af;fp(Compack Disk Drives)

(cs;sPl;L kw;Wk; ntspaPl;Lf; fUtpahf gad;gLj;jyhk;)

glk; :- 3.1.7 tpirg;gyif

(Key Board)

(cs;sPl;Lf; fUtp)


glk; :- 3.1.8

glk; :-3.1.10

glk; :- 3.1.9

glk; :-3.1.11

nkd;nghUs; nkd;nghUs; nkd;nghUs; nkd;nghUs; nkd;nghUs; (Software)

fzpd p nra ;a Ntz ;ba

midj ;J NritfisAk ;

tpsf;FtJ nkd;nghUshFk;.

,jd;gb nkd;nghUs; fzpdpapd;

%is vdyhk;.

nkd ;nghUs ; %ykhfNt

fzpdpapd; ,aYik Mw;wy;

jPukhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

cjhuzkhf :

ghlE}y; jahu p g ; g pd ; NghJ

Nfhuy;l;Nuh kw;Wk; 'Nghl;Nlh

n\hg;" vd;w nkd;nghUNs

mjpfkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

fzpdp ntspaPl;Lr; nranyhOq;if (DTP) ,af;fpg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; ntspaPLfis xd;wpizg;gjw;Fk;>

$ba gpujpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; gy cgfuzq;fs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mjd; nraw;ghL gpd;tUkhW mikAk;.

nraw;ghL 3.1nraw;ghL 3.1nraw;ghL 3.1nraw;ghL 3.1nraw;ghL 3.1

cq;fs; tFg;G Neu ml;ltizapd; fzpdp mr;Rg;gpujpnahd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;f.

fl;b ,izf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; ( fl;b ,izf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; ( fl;b ,izf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; ( fl;b ,izf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; ( fl;b ,izf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; (Binder)))))

●●●●● DTP nranyhOq;F %yk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

Mtzq;fisg gad;gLj ;Jtjw ;fhf

mtw;iw Kiwg;gb ,izj;J mikj;Jf;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

●●●●● Kw;fhyj;jpy; Mtzj;jpy; Jisfs; ,l;L

(Punch) xU E}ypdhy; fl;b ,jidr;

nra;thu;fs;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; gpujpfis

xd;wpizj;J ];nlg;su; ,ae;jpuj;jpdhy;

(Stepler Machine) fk;gp; ,izj;Jf; fl;lg;gLk;. mj;Jld; gprpd; my;yJ

gir ghtpj;Jk; Gj;jfq;fs; fl;lg;gLtJz;L.

glk; :- 3.1.12

fl;L ,ae;jpuk;


●●●●● nghJthf fhupahya eltbf;iffspd; NghJ jhs;fis xd;whf

,izg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kpfr; rpwe;j Kiw ahnjdpy;

jhs;fis xd;whf itj;Jf; fk;gpahy; fl;LtjhFk;. ,t;tpjk;

fl;lg;gLk; jhs;fisg; Gul;LtJ ,yFthf ,Uf;Fk;.

CLfhl;bj; jhs; xl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk;CLfhl;bj; jhs; xl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk;CLfhl;bj; jhs; xl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk;CLfhl;bj; jhs; xl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk;CLfhl;bj; jhs; xl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk; (Laminater)

●●●●● Kf;fpakhd Mtzq;fis ePz;l fhyk;

ghJfhj;J itg;gjw;fhf jbg;ghd nghypjpdhy;

ml ;ila pLtNj ,e ;j ,ae ;j p uj ; j pd ;

njhopw;ghlhFk;.

●●●●●. A4, B5, ID, Legal vd;w msTfspy; cs;s

Mtzq;fs; kw;Wk; Gifg;glq;fis ,e;j

,ae ;j puj ;ijg ; gad;gLj ;j p nghypj pd ;

ml;ilaplyhk;.

●●●●●. ,ae;jpuj;jpy; cs;s ntg;gk; fhuzkhf nghypjpd; xl;LtJld; ,jpy;

fhw;W cl;GfNth ntspahfNth tha;g;gpy;iy. ,J Mtzj;ij

ed;F ghJfhf;f cjTk;.

vz;rhu; ,ul;bg;G ,ae;jpuk; vz;rhu; ,ul;bg;G ,ae;jpuk; vz;rhu; ,ul;bg;G ,ae;jpuk; vz;rhu; ,ul;bg;G ,ae;jpuk; vz;rhu; ,ul;bg;G ,ae;jpuk; - - - - - (Digital Duplicator Mechine)

mjpf vz;zpf ;ifapyhd

g p uj pfis FWf pa Neuj ; j py ;

mr ;r pLtjw ;F ,e ;j ,ae ;j puk ;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mr;rpLtjw;fhd

g p uj p ,ae ;j p uj ; j pd ; k PJs ;s

fz ;zhba py ; rke piyahf

itf;fg;gl;L epwr; nranyhOq;F>

gpujpfspd; vz;zpf;if> gpujpapd;

msT> epuypd; (Margin) mikT>

e pwq ;fs pd ; ,ay ; G Nghd ;w

fl;lisfis ,ae;jpuj;Jf;F toq;f

Ntz;Lk;.

mr;rpl Ntz;ba gpujpfspd;

msit toq;FtJ ,ae;jpuj;jpy;

cs;s vz;fs; rhu;e;j gpj;jhd;fisj;

njhLtjd; %ykhFk;. mr;rpLk; fl;lisf;fhfTs;s gpj;jhid mOj;jpaTld;

( Printing Position Button) epuypd; (Margin) msitAk; rupnra;J gpujpfisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

glk; :- 3.1.13

nynkdl;bq; fUtp

glk; :- 3.1.14

vz;rhu; gpujpnaLf;Fk; fUtp


cau; juj;jpyhd gpujpfisg; ngw Kbfpd;wik> tpidj;jpwd;

tha;e;j ngWNgW> xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; Fiwe;j nryT vd;gd ,e;j ,ae;jpuj;jpd;

mD$yq;fshFk;.

jhs; ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk; jhs; ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk; jhs; ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk; jhs; ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk; jhs; ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk;

fhupahya Mtzq;fis

xd;whff; fl;Ltjpy;> mj;jhs;fis

xNu mstpy; ntl;bf; nfhs;tJ

Kf;fpakhdJ. ,jw;fhf NkirkPJ

itj;Jj; jhs;fis ntl;lf;$ba

xU cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;JtJ

mtr pak ; . trj pahd ,t ;

cgfuzj;jpy; jhspy; Njitahd

msit itg;gjw;fhd kpy;yp kPw;wu;

NfhLfs; ,Uf;Fk;. jhs;fspd;

vz;zpf;if Fiwthf ,Ug;gpd; mw;iwf; fl;ba gpd; ,e;j cgfuzj;jpy;

itj;J ntl;br; nrg;gdpl;Lf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

,) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;,) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;,) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;,) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;,) fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;

mtrpak;mtrpak;mtrpak;mtrpak;mtrpak;

●●●●●. tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j Nritiag; ngWjy;tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j Nritiag; ngWjy;tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j Nritiag; ngWjy;tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j Nritiag; ngWjy;tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j Nritiag; ngWjy;

Muk;g fhyq;fspy; Xu; mr;Rg; gpujpia $l;l mwpf;ifia Kd;Ndw;w

mwpf;ifia mr;rpl;L ntspapl mjpf fhyk; Njitg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;

,d;W fzpdpg; ghtid %yk; ,jid kpf ,yFtpy;> tpiutpy;

nra;J nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy; fpilj;Js;sJ.

●●●●●. gad ;gLj ;Jjy ; ,yFthfgad ;gLj ;Jjy ; ,yFthfgad ;gLj ;Jjy ; ,yFthfgad ;gLj ;Jjy ; ,yFthfgad ;gLj ;Jjy ; ,yFthf,Uj;jy;,Uj;jy;,Uj;jy;,Uj;jy;,Uj;jy;

Kd;dnuy ;yhk ; ntspa Pl ;L

cgfuzq;fspy; vspikahd

njho py ; El ; g Kiwfs ;

fhzg ;gl ;lhYk ; mtw ;iwf ;

ifahStj py ; r p ukk ;

fhzg;gl;lJ.

glk; :- 3.1.15 ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk;

glk; :- 3.1.16 ,yFthd gad;ghL


cjhuzk; : mr;R ,ae;jpuj;jpw;F vOj;Jf;fis nghUj;Jjy;

vdpDk; jw;Nghja cgfuzq;fspy; Jupj njhopy; El;g cj;jpfs;;

ifahsg;gl;bUg;gpDk; mtw;iw rhjhuz gapw;rpapd; gpd; cgNahfpg;gJ

kpfTk; vspjhFk;.

●●●●●. ek;gfj; jd;ikek;gfj; jd;ikek;gfj; jd;ikek;gfj; jd;ikek;gfj; jd;ik

juTfisf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Mw;wy; ,t;ntspaPl;L

cgfuzq;fSf;Fz;L. mj;Jld; ntspaPl;L tbtikg;G fhuzkhf

ek;gfj;jd;ikAk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.

●●●●●. ePbj;Jiof;fTk; fhzhkw; Nghtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fkhd Mw;wy;ePbj;Jiof;fTk; fhzhkw; Nghtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fkhd Mw;wy;ePbj;Jiof;fTk; fhzhkw; Nghtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fkhd Mw;wy;ePbj;Jiof;fTk; fhzhkw; Nghtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fkhd Mw;wy;ePbj;Jiof;fTk; fhzhkw; Nghtijj; jtpu;g;gjw;Fkhd Mw;wy;

xU epWtdj;jpd; epu;thfj;ij elj;Jk; NghJ juTfs;> Mtzq;fspd;

ghJfhg;G kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mj;Jld; mj;jifa Mtzq;fspd;

gFjpfs; fhzhkw; NghFk; epiyiaj; jtpu;g;gJk; Kf;fpakhdJ.

,f;fhuzq;fs; fzpdprhu; ntspaPl;L cgfuzq;fspy; eilngWfpd;wJ.

●●●●●. Ntfkhd njhlHghlYf;fhfNtfkhd njhlHghlYf;fhfNtfkhd njhlHghlYf;fhfNtfkhd njhlHghlYf;fhfNtfkhd njhlHghlYf;fhf

cyf tu;j;jf nghUshjhu Nfhyj;jpy; epWtdq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd

Jupjkhd njhlu;ghlw; gupkhw;wk; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf Nkw;gb

cgfuzq;fspdhy; fpilf;Fk; cjtp msg;ngupaJ.

●●●●● nghUshjhu ed;ikfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;nghUshjhu ed;ikfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;nghUshjhu ed;ikfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;nghUshjhu ed;ikfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;nghUshjhu ed;ikfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

xU tzpf my;yJ Nrit epWtdnkhd;W jk; nryTfis

Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;Ak; NghJ nghUshjhu ed;ik Fwpj;Jf; ftdk;

nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd Nkw;gb cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;j

KbAk;.

nraw;ghL 3.1nraw;ghL 3.1nraw;ghL 3.1nraw;ghL 3.1nraw;ghL 3.1

NkNy ehk; fye;Jiuahba cgfuzq;fspd; nraw;ghl;il

nrad;Kiwahf mwpe ;J nfhs;tjw;fhf cq;fs;

gpuNjrj;jpd; tpQ;Qhd epiyak;> ,-edry epiyak;

vd;gtw;Wld; njhlu;GgLj;jp xU nrayku;it Vw;ghL

nra;aTk;.


xU fhupahyak; vd;gJ rPuhd Kfhikj;Jtk; epyt Ntz;ba

Kiwahd epu;thfk; kw;Wk; jpl;lkplYf;fhd Mtzq;fs;> Gj;jfq;fs;

jahupf;Fk; ifahSk; ghJfhg;ghff; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jfpw Xu; rpwe;j

,lkhFk;. r%fj;jpd; gy;NtW epWtdq;fs; jk; Nehf;fq;fis epiwNtw;wpf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf fhupahyaq;fis elj;Jfpd;wd. ,e;epiyik murhq;f>

jdpahu; Mfpa ,U JiwfSf;Fk; nghJthdjhFk;. ntw;wpfukhf xU

fhupahyaj;ij elj;Jtjw;fhf mjDld; njhlu;ghd xU njhlu;ghlw;

nranyhOq;F ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa njhlu;ghlw; nranyhOq;ifg;

gpd;tUkhW RUf;fpf; $wyhk;.

A. jfty;fis Nrfhpj;jy;

B. jfty;fis fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;

C. jfty;fisj; jahupj;jy;

D. jfty;fis ntspaply;

E. nrhj;Jf;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd fl;lisfis ,ly;

,j;jifa fhupahya jfty;fis Jupjkhf njhlu;ghLtJ

Kf;fpakhFk;. fhupahyak; tpuptilAk;NghJ njhopy; El;gj;ijg;

gad;gLj;jp ,j;jfty; gupkhw;wj;ij ,af;f KbAk;. vt;thwhapDk; ve;j

xU epWtdj;jpYk; eilKiwapYs;s Clf nranyhOq;Ffis ehd;F

gpujhdj; njhlu;ghly; Kiwfspdhy; vLj;Jf; fhl;lyhk;.

A. tha; nkhop %yk; nra;Ak; njhlHghly;

B. vOj;J %yk; nra;Ak; njhlu;ghly;

C. rkpf;iQ / FwpaPLfs; %yk; nra;Ak; njhlu;ghly;;

D. etPd njhopy; El;gf; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

njhlu;ghly;

3.2 fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.2 fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.2 fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.2 fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.2 fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fs;


ntspafj; njhlu;ghly;ntspafj; njhlu;ghly;ntspafj; njhlu;ghly;ntspafj; njhlu;ghly;ntspafj; njhlu;ghly;

(epWtdk; njhlu;ghf NtW

gpuptpdUld; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

njhlu;ghly;)

cs;sfj; njhlu;ghly;cs;sfj; njhlu;ghly;cs;sfj; njhlu;ghly;cs;sfj; njhlu;ghly;cs;sfj; njhlu;ghly;

(epWtdj;Js; eilngWk; midj;J

tifahd njhlu;ghly;fSk;)

(m) fhupahya Clfr; nranyhOq;if ,dq;fhzy; (m) fhupahya Clfr; nranyhOq;if ,dq;fhzy; (m) fhupahya Clfr; nranyhOq;if ,dq;fhzy; (m) fhupahya Clfr; nranyhOq;if ,dq;fhzy; (m) fhupahya Clfr; nranyhOq;if ,dq;fhzy;

- njhiyf;fhl;rp - cs;sf kfhehL

- thndhyp - gy;NtW rkpf;iQfs;

- gj;jphpif - mirAk; cUtq;fspy; Mdgyiffs;

- rQ;rpiffs; - njhiyNgrp

- $l;lq;fs; - miog;G kzp

- njhiyNgrp - cgrhuq;fs;

- fbjq;fs; - fbjq;fs;> mwptpg;G gyif

- fye;Jiuahly;fs; - xypgug;G

- mwptpj;jy;fs; - ,izak;

- gpuRuq;fs; - njhiyefy;

- kpd; mQ;ry;

- Rtnuhl;b

- fz; fhl;rp

- mDruizahsu;

xU fhupahyaj;jpy; miwfspd; njhFjpnahd;W fhzg;gLk;

epiyapy; mq;F epfOk; Clfr; nranyhOq;ifr; rpwg;ghr; nra;tjw;F

gy;NtW njhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jNtz;b Vw;gLk;.

fhupahyaj; njhlu;ghlypd;NghJ gutyhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; rpy njhopy;

El;g cgfuzq;fisf; ifahSk; tpjj;ijg; ghu;g;Nghk;.

M) fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;M) fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;M) fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;M) fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;M) fhhpahya Clf cgfuzq;fis ,dq;fhzy;


fzpg;ghd;fzpg;ghd;fzpg;ghd;fzpg;ghd;fzpg;ghd;

glk; :- 3.2.2 fhRg;gjpT ,ae;jpuk;

glk; :-3.2.1 fzpg;ghd;

fhupahyaq;fspy; fzf;fPl;L Ntiyfspd;

NghJ gy;NtW fzpjr; nra;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;ba pUg ;gjdhy ; kdf ; fzpjj ;j py ;

Vw;glf;$ba gpiofisj; jtpu ;g ;gjw;fhf

fzpg;ghd; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. fzf;Ffisr;

rupahfTk; JupjkhfTk; nra;a ,J cjTk;.

ghlrhiy khztu;fs; Kjy; cau; kl;l Copau;

tiu ,d ;W fzpg ; G ,ae ;j p uq ; fs ;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wNjhL> rpwpa msTfspy; fzpg;ghd;fs; Kjy; ngupa

msT fzpg;ghd;fs; tiu gy msTfspy; Mw;wy; nfhz;lit ,d;W

re;ijapy; fpilf;fpd;wd.

re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;jpd;

gzf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;F ,J

ngu pJk ; cjTf pd ; wJ . ,e ; j

,ae;jpuj;jpy; xU fhl;rpj; jpiu> gzk;

itf ;Fk ; ,Oit miw>

fzf;Ffisf; $l;Ltjw;fhd ,yf;fg;

nghj;jhd;fs; vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,jpy; cs;splg;gLk; fzf;Ffspd;

tpguq;fis thbf;ifahsUk; fhl;rpj;

jpiuA+lhfg; ghu;f;f KbAk; fzf;fpy;

Vw;gLk; jtWfSk; clDf;Fld;

jpUj;jg;gl ,jdhy; Kbfpd;wJ.

fzpjr; nra;if Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gFjp

,yf;fq;fs; nghwpj;j tpirg;gyif nfhz;lJ. mjpy; nra;ag;gLk; fzf;F

tpguk; jpiuapy; njupAk;. tpirg;gyifapYs;s jpwg;ig mOj;jpaTld;

gzk; itf;Fk; ,Oit miw jpwf;fg;gLk;. nghUl;fspd; FwpaPl;L

tpiyfis thrpf;Fk; (Barcode Reader) Mw;wYk; ,e;j ,ae;jpuj;jpy;

,izf;fg;glyhk;. fzf;Ffisf; fhl;Lk; xU mr;Rg; gpujpia ntspapLk;

Mw;wYk; ,jw;Fz;L.

ehs; NjhWk; mjpfsthd fbjq;fisj; jghypy; mDg;g

Ntz;bAs;s fhupahyaq;fspy; xt;nthU fbjkhf Kj;jpiu xl;LtJ

kpfTk; rpukkhFk;. ,jw;Fg; gupfhukhf jghw; fhupahyaj;jpypUe;J xU

Kj;jpiu ,ae;jpuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. me;j ,ae;jpuj;ij

,af;Ftjw;fhd xU rhtp toq;fg;gLk;. fhupahyaj;jpd; Kj;jpiuj;

fhRg; gjpT ,ae;jpuk;fhRg; gjpT ,ae;jpuk;fhRg; gjpT ,ae;jpuk;fhRg; gjpT ,ae;jpuk;fhRg; gjpT ,ae;jpuk;

Kj;jpiu Kj;jpiu Kj;jpiu Kj;jpiu Kj;jpiu ,ae;jpuk,ae;jpuk,ae;jpuk,ae;jpuk,ae;jpuk ;; ;; ; ;


Njitiag; nghWj;J thuhe;jk; xU

ngWkjpia jghw; fhupahyaj;jpD}lhf

,jpy; cs;sPL nra;ayhk;. cjhuzkhf

&. 5000 Md Kj;jpiug; ngWkjp cs;sPL

nra;ag;gl;lhy; mj;njhif KbAk; tiu

fbjq;fspy; Kj;jpiug; gjpTfisr;

nra;ayhk;. xt;nthU Kj;jpiug; gjptpd;

NghJk; mj;njhif ,ae;jpuj;jpYs;s

njhifapy pUe ;J FiwAk ; . KOj;

njhifAk; Kbe;j gpd;du; kPz;Lk; jghw;

fe;NjhUf;F ,ae;jpuj;ijf; nfhz;L nrd;W

kPs; ngWkjpaplyhk;. NtWgl;l ngWkjp

nfhz;l Kj;jpiufisapLk; trjpAk; ,jpy;

cz;L. ,jd; %yk; fpilf;fpd;w tpNrl

ed;ikahdJ ntt;NtW vilfspyhd

fbjq;fis mQ;rypLifapy; vilfSf;Fupa Kj;jpiufspd; ngWkjp

rupahf fhl;lg;gLk;.

nghJthf xU epWtdj;Jf;F ehshe;j ngUe;njhifahd fbjq;fs;

tUtJz;L. mit fpilj;j jpfjpiaf; Fwpg;gJ epu;thfj;jpd; NghJ

mj;jpahtrpakhd tplakhFk;. ,g;gzpia tpidj;jpwdhfTk; ek;gfj;

jd;ikAlDk; nra;tjw;F cjTk; xU fUtpNa jpfjp Kj;jpiu

cgfuzkhFk;. NkNyhl;lkhfg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ

gjtp Kj;jpiu Nghd;W rhl;rpaspf;Fk; ,J

nghypku; my;yJ ,wg;gupdhy; Mf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

tUlk;> khjk;> jpfjp vd;gtw;iw khw;wpaikf;Fk;

tifapy; ,J jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fhupahyaj;jpd;

cs;sf my;yJ Fwpg;gpl;l gpuptpd; ngaiuAk;

,k; Kj;jpiuapy; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

Gifapujj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; bf;fl;fspy;

jpfjpiag; gjpT nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; fUtp

,jpypUe;J rw;W NtWgl;ljhFk;. ,U Kfg;Gfs;

nfhz;l ,f;fUtp ,Uk;gpdhy; Mf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd;

gpd;gFjp tUlk;> khjk;> jpfjp vd;gw;iwf;

fhl;LtjhfTk; Row;Wtjd; %yk; jpfjp gjpag;gLk;

tifapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jpfjp Kj;jpiuf; fUtpjpfjp Kj;jpiuf; fUtpjpfjp Kj;jpiuf; fUtpjpfjp Kj;jpiuf; fUtpjpfjp Kj;jpiuf; fUtp

glk; :- 3.2..3

jghy; Kj;jpiu ,ae;jpuk;

glk; :- 3.2.4

jpfjp Kj;jpiuapLk; fUtp


gjtp Kj;jpiufs; gjtp Kj;jpiufs; gjtp Kj;jpiufs; gjtp Kj;jpiufs; gjtp Kj;jpiufs;

gz;ilf; fhyk; KjNy Mtzq;fspd; rl;luPjpapyhd jd;ikia

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU cgfuzkhFk;. gjtp

Kj;jpiu Xu; mjpfhupia my;yJ epWtdj;ijg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjhf

,Uf;Fk;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,wg;gupdhy; nra;ag;gl;l gjtp Kj;jpiufs; ,g;NghJ

nghypku; %yk; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU jpz;by; ikia Cw;wp gjtp

Kj;jpiuia mjpy; mOj;jp ,af;fg;gLk;. gjtp Kj;jpiufspy; njhopy;

El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ik cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJld; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l

epwq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jk; tha;g;Gk; cz;L.

gzk; vz;Zjy; ,ae;jpuk;gzk; vz;Zjy; ,ae;jpuk;gzk; vz;Zjy; ,ae;jpuk;gzk; vz;Zjy; ,ae;jpuk;gzk; vz;Zjy; ,ae;jpuk;

gzj; jhs ;fisAk ; r py ;yiwf ;

fhirAk; vz;zpf; fzf;fpLtjw;fhf ,J

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. tq;fpfspYk; epjp

epWtdq;fspYk; ngUksT ehzaj; jhs;fs;

Goq ;Ftjhy ; mtw ;iwr ; ru pahfTk ;

JupjkhfTk; vz;zpf; fzf;fpl ,t;tpae;jpuk;

gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Mq;fpyj;jpy; Nlyu;

vdg;gLk;. ,jd; fUj;J gzk; vz;Zjy;

vd;gjhFk; . gzj;jhs ;fis vz;zpf ;

fzf ;f pLtJ kl ;Lk pd ; w p Nghy p

ehzaj;jhs;fis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;Sk;

Mw;wYk;> ,e;j jhs;fl;Lf;fpilNa cs;s NtW ngWkjpAs;s jhs;fis

Ak; ,e;j ,ae;jpuk; fz;Lgpbj;J tpLk;. <w;wpy; gzf;$l;Lj;njhifia

rupahf ,J jUk;.

glk; :- 3.2.5 gjtp Kj;jpiufs;

glk; :- 3.2.6 gzk; vz;Zk; fUtp


NwhzpNah ,ae;jpuk; NwhzpNah ,ae;jpuk; NwhzpNah ,ae;jpuk; NwhzpNah ,ae;jpuk; NwhzpNah ,ae;jpuk;

jhs ;fisg ; g puj pnaLg ;gjw ;fhd et Pd ,ae ;j puq ;fs ;fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;du; ePz;l fhykhf fhupahyaq;fs;> ghlrhiyfspy;gpujp gz;Zjy; nra;tjw;fhf ,e;j NwhzpNah ,ul;bg;G ,ae;jpuk;gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ];nud;rpy; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; nky;ypa nkOFj;jhs;,jw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. nkOFj; jhs;fspy; mOj;jp vOjg;gl;lmy;yJ jl;lr;R nra;ag;gl;ljdhy;Vw;gl;l rpwpa Jthuq;fspD}lhfr;nry;Yk; ik gpujp nra;ag;gLk;jhspy; gjptjd; %yNk ,t;tifmr;rply; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.etPd njhopy; El;gf; fUtpfspd;cjtpahy; nkOFj; jhSf;F gjpy;,wg;gu; (];nld;]py;) jhs; ClhfTk;gpujp nra;a KbAk;. ,d;Wk; $lrpy ,lq;fspy; NwhdpNah mr;R Kiwtof;fj;jpYs;sijf; fhzyhk;.

Gifg;glg; gpujp ,ae;jpuk;Gifg;glg; gpujp ,ae;jpuk;Gifg;glg; gpujp ,ae;jpuk;Gifg;glg; gpujp ,ae;jpuk;Gifg;glg; gpujp ,ae;jpuk;

e pWtdnkhd ;w pd ; Mtzq;fs ;

gpujpnaLf;fg;gl Ntz;bNaw;gLk; NghJ

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,ae;jpuk; Gifg;glg; gpujp

,ae;jpukhFk;. epiykpd;Ndw;w nraw;ghl;bd;

gb ,t;tpae;jpuk; ,aq;FfpwJ. ,t;

,ae ;j p uj ;j pd ; cUis Kjd;Kiw

RoYk ;NghJ g p uj pgz ;Ztjw ;Fu pa

Mtzj;jpd; Nghl;Nlh gpujpf;Fwpg;G ,q;F

epiykpd;Ndw;w ,Ug;G gjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

cUis ,uz;lhk; Kiw RoYk;NghJ mjd;

Nghl;Nlh gpujp fljhrpapy; mr;rhfpd;wJ.

,t;thW mr;rplYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w

fWg;G epw J}s; tifahdJ cUisahy;

ftug;gl;L mjpy; gjpag;gLfpd;wJ. epiykpd;Ndw;wk; ,jw;F cjTfpd;wJ.

Gifg;glg;gpujp ,ae;jpuk; ,t;thW ,aq;Ffpd;wJ.

jw;fhyj;jpy; re;ijapy; b[pl;ly; El;gj;jpdhy; ,af;fg;gLfpd;w epow;gl

,ae;jpuq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. VjhtnjhU tu;j;jf epWtdk; my;yJ

ghlrhiyfspy; ,e;j epow;glg; gpujp ,ae;jpuj;ij nfhs;tdT nra;Ak;NghJ

mq;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s rYiffs; jq;fSf;F cz;ikahfNt

Njitg;gLfpd;wdth vd mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

glk; :- 3.2.7 NwhzpNah ,ae;jpuk;

glk; :- 3.2.8

Gifg;gl gpujp gz;Zk; ,ae;jpuk;


,yj;jpudpay; ml;ilfs;,yj;jpudpay; ml;ilfs;,yj;jpudpay; ml;ilfs;,yj;jpudpay; ml;ilfs;,yj;jpudpay; ml;ilfs;

,yj;jpudpay; fhe;jf; Nfhyj;jpw;fika

juTfs; cs;splg;gl;l jftw; njhFjpNa

,yj;jpudpay; ml;il vdf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

,it gy ; NtW gzpfSf ;fhfg ;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; rpy

gpd;tUkhW :

1. epjp eltbf;iffSf;fhf

2. Msilahsj;ijf; fhl;LtJ

3. njhiyNgrp miog;GfSf;F

4. Gifapujg; gpuNtrg; gj;jpukhf

5. rhtpj; jpwg;Gfshf

6. tuTg; gjpTg; gj;jpukhf

7. ru;tfyhrhiy khztu; milahs ml;ilahf

8. E}y; epiya mq;fj;Jt gj;jpukhf

9. rhujp mDkjp gj;jpukhf

10 fld; ml;ilahf

,yj;jpudpay; ml;ilfs; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; tiuaiwfs;

fhzg;gLtjpy;iy. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Msilahs ml;il xUtupd; rfy

tpguq;fSk; cs;slf;fg;gl;l Mtzkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,yj;jpudpay;

ml;ilfs; gad;gLj;Jtjd; rpwg;gk;rk; ahnjdpy; ,ufrpa vz; xd;iwg;

gad;gLj;j KbtjhFk;. me;j vz; mjd; cupikahsUf;F kl;LNk

njupAk;.

,) fhupahya Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak; ,) fhupahya Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak; ,) fhupahya Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak; ,) fhupahya Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak; ,) fhupahya Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak;

A. jfty;fs; toq;Fjy;

B. mwpTWj;jy;fs; fl;lisfs; toq;Fjy;

C. Copau; Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fhf

D. tpidj;jpwid mjpfupg;gjw;F

E. Mtzq;fspd; ftu;r;rpia Nkk;gLj;j

F. ek;gfj; jd;ikia mjpfupf;f

G. tpisjpwid mjpfupf;f

glk; :- 3.2.9 ,yj;jpudpay;

ml;ilfs;


jftw; gupkhw;wr; nranyhOq;F kpf capu;g;ghf eilngWk; Xu;,lkhf 'fhupahyaj;ijf;" Fwpg;gplyhk;. xU epWtdj;jpd; capu;ehbahf,Ug;gJ jftw; njhlu;ghlw; nranyhOq;fhFk;. gy;NtW njhlu;ghly;cgfuzq;fisAk; khjpupfisAk; gad;gLj;jp epWtdq;fspy; jftw;gupkhw;wk; eilngWk;.

njhiyNgrp njhiyNgrp njhiyNgrp njhiyNgrp njhiyNgrp

jftw; gupkhw;W Clf cgfuzk; vd;w tifapy; njhiyNgrp;

kpf Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wJ.Muk;g fhyj;jpy; fk;gpA+lhf ,izf;fg;gl;ljhfNt njhiyNgrpfs;

ghtpf;fg;gl;ld. vdNt fk;gpfs; ,izf;f Kbahj f\;lg; gpuNjrq;fSf;FnjhiyNgrp trjpfis toq;f KbahjpUe;jJ. Mdhy; ,d;W vz;rhu;e;jnjhopy; El;gj;jpdhy; cUthd rP.b.vk;.V (CDMA) njhopy; El;gj;jpd;%yk; fk;gpapy;yhj njhiyNgrp mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd;ngWNgwhf Kd;du; njhiyNgrp trjp fpilf;fhjpUe;j gy ,lq;fSf;Fk;,g;NghJ mt;trjpia toq;ff; $bajhAs;sJ. ,jd;gb ,d;W %d;Wtpjkhd njhiyNgrp trjpfs; eilKiwapYs;sd.

1. fk;gpAld; $ba epiyahd njhiyNgrpfs;

2. fk;gpAld; epiyahdjhf ,y;yhj njhiyNgrpfs;

3. nry;yplj; njhiyNgrpfs;

Kd;du; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l njhiyNgrpf;fUtpapy; vz;fisr; Row;Wk; xU KfKk;fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; cupa vz;fis Row;Wtjd;%yk; miog;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sKbAk;. ,Jtpidj;jpwDila njhlu;ghlYf;F jilahfNtfUjg;gl;lJ. ,jid eptu;j;jp nra;a Ntz;ba,yf;fq;fis mOj;Jk; njhiyNgrp fUtp;mw pKfg ; gLj ; jg ; gl ; ld . ,t ;tifj ;njhiyNgrpapd; kPs; miog;G (Redial) trjpiaxU nghj;jhid mOj;Jtjd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. njhiyNgrpAld; fzdpj; njhopy;El;gKk; ,izf;fg;gl;ljhy; gy Gjpa trjpfs;njhiyNgrpAld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

fk;gpAldhd njhiyNgrpia gutyilar;nra;tjpy; Vw;gl;l gpur;rpidfspyhYk; Clfj;jilfs; mjpfupj;jpUe;jikapdhYk; rP.B.vk;.V(CDMA- Call Division Multiple Access) njhopy; El;gk; mlq;fyhd epue;junjhiyNgrpfs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,j;jfty; gupkhw;wy;fs; tuyhw;WKf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jitahFk;.

3.3 jftw; gupkhw;W Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.3 jftw; gupkhw;W Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.3 jftw; gupkhw;W Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.3 jftw; gupkhw;W Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.3 jftw; gupkhw;W Clf cgfuzq;fs;

m) jftw; gupkhw;W Clfr; nranyhOq;F m) jftw; gupkhw;W Clfr; nranyhOq;F m) jftw; gupkhw;W Clfr; nranyhOq;F m) jftw; gupkhw;W Clfr; nranyhOq;F m) jftw; gupkhw;W Clfr; nranyhOq;F

glk; :- 3.3.1 njhiyNgrptiffs;


,e; etPd njhiyNgrpapy; cs;s rpy Nkyjpf trjpfs; gpd;tUkhW.

1. rp.vy;.I. (CLI - Clear Line Identifiction) miog;gpd; njhiyNgrpvz;iz mwpe;J nfhs;Sjy;

2 njhiyNgrp tpguf; nfhj;J (Menu Button) trjpfs; gl;bay; %yk;fpilf;Fk;.

3 v];.vk;.v];. (SMS- Short Message System) FWQ; nra;jp Nrit

4 kpd; mQ;ry; (E.Mail)

5 I.b.b.(IDD- International Direct Dialing) ru;tNjr Neub miog;Gr; Nrit

,yq;ifapy; ,Jtiu miog;Nghupd; Kfk; ghu;j;Jf; fijf;Fk;trjp tu;j;jf kl;lj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;glhtpbDk; Vida gy ehLfspy;miog;gtu;fspd; Kfk; ghu;j;Jf; fijf;Fk; trjp mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.,jdhy; Neu;Kfkhfg; NgRk; czu;T Vw;gLk;. mj;Jld; miog;Gfis

xypg;gjpT nra;jy; NtW xU vz;Zf;F miog;igj; jpUg;gp tpLjy;(Call forwarding) xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;ltu;fSld; xNu Neuj;jpy; njhiyNgrpapy;ciuahLk; trjp (Call Confererce) xU Kd;Ndhb vz; Clhf xUnjhFjp vz;fSld; njhlu;G nfhs;sy; (Call hunting Service) Nghd;wtrjpfs; %yk; jftw; njhlu;ghly; tpiuTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nry;Ngrp (nry;yplg;Ngrp) vd;gJ njhiyj; njhlu;G Jiwapy;xU jpUg;G KidahFk;. ,yq;ifapd; njhiyNgrpg; ghtidapy; 60%nry;NgrpahFk;. ,jD}lhf xUtUld; Jupjkhf Neubahfj; njhlu;Gnfhs;Sk; trjp Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

nry;Ngrp ,j;Jiwapy; etPd ghupa fz;Lgpbg;ghFk;. ,yq;ifapy;Efu ; Nthu py ; 60% khNdhu ; gad ;gLj ;JtJ ,t ;tifahdnjhiyNgrpfisNa MFk;. ,jd; tifik fhuzkhf fsj;jpy;; cupamjpfhup / jdpahs; / fl;Lg;ghL epiyaj;Jld;; cldb njhlu;G nfhs;s,aYkhapUj;jy; vd;gd ,jd; rpwg;Gf;fshFk;.

nry;Ngrp vd;gJ kuGuPjpahd njhiyNgrp my;y. mJ ,d;W gyNtiyfisr; nra;Ak; gy;Y}lf cgfuzkhf tpUj;jp ngw;Ws;sJ.Gifg;glk; vLj;jy;> tPbNahglnkLj;jy;> thndhyp Nfl;ly;> jftiyfsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;> ,izatrjpfisg; ngwy;> njhiyf;fhl;rpj; jpiuahf

,Uj;jy; Neug;gjpthsuhf ,Uj;jy; > rkpiQfis ntspg;gLj;jy;>fzpdpj;jpiuahfg; gad;gLj;jy;> xypg;gjpT nra;jy;> ehl;fhl;bahfgad;gLj;jy; > Neuk; fhl;bahfg; gad;gLj;jy;> Neuj;ij epidT+l;ly;>Neuk; Fwpf;Fk; fUtpahftpsq;fy;> tPbNah tpisahl;Lf;fspy; <Lgly;Nghd;w gy;NtW trjpfis toq;Fk; cgfuzkhf tpUj;jp ngw;Ws;sJ.nry;Ngrpapy; cs;s rpwg;ghd trjp ahnjdpy; jhd; ,Uf;Fkplj;jpypUe;Nj

nra;jpfis ngWtjw;Fk; nra;jpfis mDg;Gtjw;Fkhd tha;g;ghFk;.


glk; :- 3.3.2 Ng[u; fUtp

glk; :- 3.3.3 gf;]; fUtp

nry;NgrpapYs;s FWQ;nra;jp trjp te;jTld; fhyhtjpahd Xu;

cgfuzk; jhd; Ng[u;. itj;jparhiy Nghd;w Ntiyg;gS kpf;f

,lq;fspy; FWQ; nra;jpfis mDg;g

Ng[u; ghtpf;fg;gl;lJ. cjhuzkhf xU

rj;jpu rpfpr;ir nra;ag;gl ,Uf;Fk; NghJ

mj py ; gz pahw ; w Ntz ;ba

MszpapdUf;F cldbahf mwptpj;jy;

gw;wp Nahrpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;. Fwpg;gpl;l xU

jftiy vOj;J %yk; mDg;gTk; thrpj;J

mjidg; ngwTk; Ng[u; cjTk; ,q;Fs;s

Ng[u; jpiuapy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; cs;s

nra;jpfis fhzyhk;.

njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk; njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk; njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk; njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk; njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk;

njhiyefy; %yk; mDg;GtJ

vd;gJ xU fbjj;ij my;yJ Mtzj;ij

my;yJ glj;ij ,yj;jpudpay; miyahf

khw;WtjhFk;. nra;jp mDg;g xU gf;];

,ae;jpuKk; mjidg; ngWkplj;jpy;

kw;WnkhU ,ae;jpuKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

njhiyNgrp %yNk ,uz;Lf;Fkpilapyhd

njhlu;G Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. gf;];

,ae;jpuj;jpy; cs;sPL nra;ag;gLk; jhspy;

cs;s nra;jp Kjypy; ,yj;jpudpay;

miyahf khw;wg;gl;L njhiyNgrpapD}lhf cupa ,lk; tiu nrd;W

kPz;Lk; gioa Mtzj;jpd; tbtj;jpw;F khwp gf;]; ,ae;jpuj;jpD}lhf

ntspg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,d;W gutyhfr; nra;jp kw;Wk; Mtzq;fs;

gupkhw;Wf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w xU ,ae;jpukhFk;.

kpd; mQ;ry;kpd; mQ;ry;kpd; mQ;ry;kpd; mQ;ry;kpd; mQ;ry; (E - Mail)

,iza trjpAs;s fzpdp %yk; gupkhwg;gLfpd;w xU KiwNa

kpd;dQ;ryhFk;.

kpd;dQ;ry; rhjhuz mQ;rypy; ,Ue;J gy topfspYk;

NtWgLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Kj;jpiuNah vOJk; jhNsh Njitg;gLtjpy;iy.

rhjhuz fbjj;jpYs;s vOj;Jf;fis tpl NtWgl;l vOj;Jtbtk;> glk;>

xyp vd;gtw;iw ,izj;J kpd;dQ;riy mDg;g KbAk;.

Ng[u;Ng[u;Ng[u;Ng[u;Ng[u;


k pd ;dQ ; ry py ; xU

fbjj ;ij mDg ; GtJk ;

ngWtJk; vt;thW vd;gij

mwpe;jpUj;jy; gaDs;sjhFk;.

,d ;W cyf pYs ;s

ghtidapd;gb ,ytrkhf

kpd;dQ;ry; Nritia elj;Jk;

rpy epWtdq;fSz;L. ah`{

(Yahoo) vk; v]; vd; (MSN)

$fy ; (Google) vd ; gd

mtw ;Ws ; r pythFk ; .

,tw;wpD}lhf vtUf;Fk; jk;

kpd;dQ;riy ,ytrkhfNt fzpdpj;jpiuapy; jahu; nra;J nfhs;s

KbAk;. jk;kplk; fzpdp ,iza trjp vd;gd ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; ,iza

trjpfis toq;Fk; epWtdq;fSlhf jkJ kpd;dQ;ry; Njitiag;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

ePq;fs; xUtUf;F kpd;dQ;ry; %yk; fbjnkhd;iw mDg;g

Ntz;Lkhdhy; mtuJ kpd;dQ;ry; Kftup cq;fSf;Fj; njupe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld; mk;Kftup kpfr;rupahf fzpdpapy; cupa ,lj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl

Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwpy;yhj NghJ fbjk; Ngha;r; NruhJ jpUk;gptpLk;.

kpd;dQ;rypy; gy mD$yq;fSz;L. mtw;Ww; rpy gpd;tUkhW

1. rpy nehbfspy; cyfpd; ve;j ,lj;Jf;Fk; kpd;dQ;riy mDg;g

KbAk;.

2. fpilj;jtu; mjid thrpf;Fk; tiu me;j Kftupapy; mJ

jq;fpapUf;Fk;.

3. mDg;Gk; fbjjJld; ,izj;J NtW Mtzq;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs;>

rpj;jpuq;fs;> tho;j;Jf;fisAk; mDg;g KbAk;.

4. mDg;Gk; fbjj;jpd; gpujpiag; ghJfhj;J itf;f KbAk;.

5. fpilf;Fk; fbjq;fis fpilj;j xOq;fpy; ghJfhj;J itf;f KbAk;.

6. Njitaw;w fbjq;fis jpwe;J my;yJ jpwf;fhJ mopj;J tpl

KbAk;.

glk; :- 3.3.4 kpd;dQ;rypy; ngw;w fbjk;


kpd;dQ;ry; vd;gJ ,izaj;Jld; njhlu;e;J ,Ug;gjhy; mjpYs;s

xU gpujhd gpujp $yk; vd;dntd;why; vkf;Fj; njhlu;gpy;yhj my;yJ

Njitaw;w fbjq;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs; fpilg;gjw;fhd re;ju;g;gkhFk;.

mj;Jld; fzpdp itu]; te;J Nru;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gz;L.

cq;fs; gad;ghl;Lf;fhf gpd;tUk; kpd;dQ;ry; Kftupfs;

jug;gLfpd;wd. ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; ,e;j KftupA+lhf njhlu;G nfhz;L

fUj;Jf;fisg; ngwNth njuptpf;fNth KbAk;.

,yj;jpudpay; guPl;rpg;Gf; fUtp,yj;jpudpay; guPl;rpg;Gf; fUtp,yj;jpudpay; guPl;rpg;Gf; fUtp,yj;jpudpay; guPl;rpg;Gf; fUtp,yj;jpudpay; guPl;rpg;Gf; fUtp

gy ; NtW gu P l ; r p g ; GfSf ;fhf

,yj ;j p ud pay ; Nrhjidf ; fUt p

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,J ve;j vy;iyfSk;

tFf;f Kbahj msTf;F tpuptile;Js;sJ.

Fwpg ;g pl ;l Nrhjid cgfuzj;ijf ;

nfhs;tdT nra;J nfhs;s KbAkh

Kbahjh vd;gijg; nghWj;Nj kl;Lg;ghLfs;

fhzg ;gLk ; . cjhuzkhf ghJfhg ;G

eltbf;iffs; > tpkhd epiyaf; fUkq;fs;

tu;j;jf eltbf;iffs; ifj;njhopw;rhiyfs;

Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,yj;jpudpay; Nrhjid

cgfuzq ;fs ; gutyhfg ; gad ;

gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. nghJ tho;tpy; ghJfhg;G

kw;Wk; tu;j;jf eltbf;iffspd; NghJ

,jidf;fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

glk; :- 3.3.5 ,yj;jpudpay;

Nrhjidf; fUtp

fy;tp mikr;R : [email protected]

fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk; : [email protected]

fy;tp ntspaPl;L MizahsH ehafk; : commisioner @edupub.gov.lk

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; : [email protected]


,yj;jpudpay; Nrhjid cgfuzq;fspd; mD$ykhkhtJ

ghJfhg;G NjitfSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jf; $bajhf ,Ug;gjhFk;. Rg;gu;

khf;fl; xd;wpy; nghUl;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;Jtpl;L gzk; nrYj;jhJ

ntspNaw KidAk; je;jpukhd Efu;Nthiug; gpbj;J rl;lj;jpd; Kd;epWj;j

KbAk;. nghUl;fSf;Fg; gzk; nrYj;JtJ> ntspNa nfhz;L nry;Yk;

nghUl;fs; njhlu;ghd juTfs; te;jTld; rkpf;iQ tpOtjhy;

jpUl;Lf;fis ,yFtpy; fz;L gpbj;J tplyhk;.

kpd;ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fisg; ghtpg;gjw;F vLg;gjw;fhd

jd;ikia kpd; ghpNrhjid cgfuzq;fspd; ed;ikahff; nfhs;syhk;.

gy;Njitg; nghUs; tpw;gidr; re;ijapy; nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L

gzj;ij toq;fhkw; NghFk; jpUl;L thbf;ifahsHfs; ,e;j cgfuzj;jpdhy;

gpbgLthHfs;. gzk; toq;fhky; vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk; nghUl;fisg; gw;wpa

juTfs; fpilj;jTld; cldbahf me;j cgfuzj;jhy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;

xypiaf; nfhz;L jpUlHfisf; fz;Lgpbg;gJ kpfTk; RygkhFk;.

mNj NghyNt ghJfhg;Gj;Jiwapduhy; Ml;fs; ghpNrhjid

nra;ag;gLk; NghJ kpd; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtij ehk;

fz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. Kf;fpakhf tpkhd epiyaq;fspy; kpd; ghpNrhjid

cgfuzq;fis ghtpj;J gpuahzpfs; kl;Lkd;wp mtHfsJ nghUl;fSk;

ghpNrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

FWe;J}u njhiyf;fhl;rp tiyaikg;G FWe;J}u njhiyf;fhl;rp tiyaikg;G FWe;J}u njhiyf;fhl;rp tiyaikg;G FWe;J}u njhiyf;fhl;rp tiyaikg;G FWe;J}u njhiyf;fhl;rp tiyaikg;G

glk; :- 3.3.7 ,yz;ld; efupy ;

jhf;FjYld;njhlu;Gila egu; FWe;J}u

njhiyf;fhl;rp nfkuhtpdhy; glk;

gpbf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpjk;.

glk; :- 3.3.6 ngupa epWtdnkhd;wpy; FWe;J}u

njhiyf;fhl;rp tiyaikg;gpD}lhf ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gLk; fhl;rpahdJ me; epWtdj;jpd; kj;jpa

epiyaj;jpy; guPl;rpf;fg;gLk; tpjk;.


njhiyf;fhl;rpj; njhopy; El;gj;ijg; gy;NtW guPl;rpg;G

eltbf;iffSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; rpwg;ghd xU fl;lkhf FWe;J}uj;

njhiyf;fhl;rpj; njhFjpiaf; $wyhk;. ,it xU epWtdj;jpy;; cs;sf

uPjpahfTk; ntspaf uPjpahfTk; ,izf;fg;gl KbAk;. ,yz;ld; efupd;

midj;J tPjpfspYk; FWe;J}uj; njhiyf;fhl;rpf; fkuhf;fs; ;

nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. mjd; %yk; xU njhiyf;fhl;rp epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J

nfhz;L KO efuj;ijAk; guPl;rpf;f KbAk;. ,jd; %yk; ehk; gy;NtW

Fw;wthspfis rl;lj;jpd; gpbf;Fs; nfhz;Ltu re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;.

mj;Jld; tu;j;jf epiyaq;fs; tq;fpfs; Nghd;w kf;fs; elkhl;lKs;s

,lq;fspy; FWe;J}uj; njhiyf;fhl;rpf; fkuhf;fs; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

tq;fpfs; gzk; ngWk; ,ae;jpuq;fSf;F Nkyhf ,j;jifa fkuhf;fs;

nghUj;jg;gl;L gzk; ngWgtu;fs; Gifg;glnkLf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;. ,ijr;

rpy ,lq;fspYk; fhz KbAk;. mt;thwpy;yh tpl;lhYk; rfy tq;fpfspYk;

g hJfhg ; Gj ; NjitAs ;s ,lq ;fs pYk ; ,JNghd ;w

FWe;J}uj;njhiyf;;fhl;rpf;fkuhf;fs; nghUj;jg;gl;L me;j ,lq;fSf;F

tUgtu;fs; njhlu;ghf tpopg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;baJ ,d;iwa nghJthd

epiyikahFk.;

.

mJkl;Lkd;wp FWe;J}uj; njhiyf;fhl;rp elkhLk; Nrit

thfdq;fSk; cyfpd; Kd;Ndwpa ehLfspd; efuq;fspy; fhl;rpfis

elkhbg; glk;gpbj;J guprpyidf;Fl;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,itahtw;iwAk; jftw;

njhopy;El;gk; r%f ed;ikf;fhf gad;gLj;Jfpd;w re;ju;g;gq;fshff;

nfhs;syhk;.

,izak; ,izak; ,izak; ,izak; ,izak;

glk; :- 3.3.8 nghJ E}yfnkhd;wpy; ,iza

epiyaj;jpy; ,iza Njly; eilngwy;

glk; :- 3.3.9 vtu];l; kiyAr;rpapy; cs;s

,iza epiyak;


,izaj; jsnkd;gJ ,d;W vt;tsT J}uk; tpuptile;Js;sJ

vd;gij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s NkNyAs;s ,uz;L glq;fSNk NghJkhdit.

,izak; vd;gJ xd;NwhLnlhd;W njhlu;Ggl;l xU tiyg;gpd;dyhFk;.

,t;tiyg;gpd;dypy; KO cyFk; mlq;Fk;. ,jd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ

mnkupf;fhtpy; ,izaj;jpD}lhf ntspaplg;gLk; xU Mtzj;ij

,yq;ifapypUe;Jk; ghu;f;fyhk; vd;gjhFk;. Vw;fdNt tptupf;fg;gl;lJ

Nghy kpd;dQ;rYk; ,izaj;jpD}lhfNt nraw;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNghd;W

,izaKk; njhiyNgrpapD}lhfNt nraw;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; fk;gpapYs;s

my;yJ fk;gpapy;yhj ve;jj; njhiyNgrpA+lhfTk; ,iza trjpiag;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. xUtuplk; xU fzpdpAk; njhiyNgrp trjpAk;

,Ug;gpd; ,izaj;njhlu;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

,izaj;jpypUe;J gadiltJ ahu; vd;gJ xU tifapy; tpthjj;Jf;Fupa

xU tpdhthFk; Muha;r;rpahsu;fs;> fy;tpahsu;fs;> tpQ;Qhdpfs;>

itj;jpau;fs; Nghd;nwhu; ,izaj;jpypUe;J gadiltJ cz;ik jhd;.

rpyNtis If;fpa mnkupf;fhtpy; my;yJ ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;s itj;jpau;fs;

,izaj;jpD}lhf mwpTWj;jy; toq;fp Mapuf;fzf;fhd fpNyhkPw;wu;

njhiytpYs;s xU itj;jparhiyapd; rj;jpurpfpr;iria newpg;gLj;j

KbAk;. ,j;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fs; cyfpd; cjhuzkhff; nfhs;sf;$bajhf

cs;sJ.

vdNt rhjhuz kf;fSf;F

,izaj;jpdhy; gaNdJkpy;;iy

vd ; gJ ,jd ; fUj ;jy ;y .

,izaj ;j pd ; ngWkj pia

czu;e;j xU gpuptpdu; mjidg; gutyhfg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.

Vidatu;fSk; ,jd; ngWkjpia tpsq;fpf;nfhs;thu;fshdhy; mtu;fSk;

,jidf; gad;;gLj;Jthu;fs; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj re;NjfKkpy;iy. cjhuzkhf

,izaj;jpd; gadilNthu;,izaj;jpd; gadilNthu;,izaj;jpd; gadilNthu;,izaj;jpd; gadilNthu;,izaj;jpd; gadilNthu;

glk; :- 3.3.10 etPd jsghl ghzpfs; glk; :- 3.3.11 etPd gapu; epyk;

glk; :- 3.3.12 ntg; g;uT]u;

n j h o p y ;


tptrhapfSf;F ,J vt;tsT gaDs;sJ vd;gJ mtu;fSf;Fj;

njupahJs;sJ. mNjNghd;W fl;llj; njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;stu;fSf;F

my;yJ jsghl cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F ,izaj;jpD}lhf etPd

jfty;fisg; ngw;W jk; njhopiy cau; kl;lj;jpy; elj;j KbAk;.

md;wpAk; ,izaj;jpD}lhf gy ehLfspy; trpg;gtu;fs; xd;whff;

fye;JiuahlTk; KbAk;. ,e;epiyik ,d;W ve;j msTf;F gutyhfg;

ghtpf;fg;gLfpwnjdpy; rpy Ntisfspy; ru;tNjrkl;lj;jpyhd njhopy

ty;Ydu;fisj; njhopy;fspy; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Neu;Kf

guPl;ir$l ,izaj;jpD}lhf eilngWfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

fzpdpf; fkuhf;fis cgNahfpj;J ,izaj;jpD}lhf xUtiunahUtu;

ghu;f;fTk; KbAk;.

,izaKk; ,yq;ifAk; ,izaKk; ,yq;ifAk; ,izaKk; ,yq;ifAk; ,izaKk; ,yq;ifAk; ,izaKk; ,yq;ifAk;

,yq;ifapy; ,iza trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; mr;Nritia

toq;Fk; ISP (Intern Service Provider) epWtdk; Kf;fpakhdJ. ,q;F gadhsp

gpd;tUk; ,U fl;lzq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

1. Nrit ngWNthu; nrYj;j Ntz;ba ,izg;Gf; fl;lzk;

2. njhiyNgrpf; fl;lzk;

Nrit toq;Fk; epWtdnkhd;Wld; njhlu;GglhJ ,izaj; njhlu;igg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAkhapDk; njhiyNgrpf; fl;lzk; mjpfupf;Fk;

vd;gjhy; mt;thW nra;tJ nghUj;jkhf ,y;iy. vt;thwhapDk; fPo;f;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epWdq;fspypUe;J ,yq;ifapy; ,iza trjpfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

A. =yq;fh nlypnfhk;

B. yq;fh ,d;lnel; fk;gdp

C. ,yq;iff;fy;tp Muha;r;rp tiygpd;dy; (LEARN)

D. ,d;Nghyg; epWtdk;

E. ,yf;Nwh nlf;]; epWtdk;

F. ,l;kpd; (ITMIN)

G. ]d;nly; fk;gdp

H. ghd; yq;fh nel;tu;f; epWtdk;

I. ,yq;fh nfhk;dpNf\d; epWtdk;

J. ]Pnfhk; (CEYCOM) epWtdk;


,izaj;jsk; ,izaj;jsk; ,izaj;jsk; ,izaj;jsk; ,izaj;jsk;

1991 Mk; Mz;lstpy; ,izj;jsg;; gf;fq;fspd; Mf;fk;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;njhopy; El;gk; uPk; gu;z];yp vd;gtuhy; fz;L

gpbf;fg;gl;lJ. mtu; ,izj;jsj;jpd; je;ij (Father of Web)

vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;whu;. ,izaj;jpy; ,izag;gf;fq;fis thrpg;gjw;F

tiyNkNyhb xd;wpd; Nritiag; ngw ntz;Lk;. ,J xU

nkd;nghUshFk;. ve;j tiyNkNyhbapYk; mjpy; Njitahd Kftupiaf;

Fwpg;gpl;L ,izag; gf;fq;fisj; jpwe;J nfhs;sKbAk;.

mj;Jld; ,izag; gf;fq;fs; gy;NtW njhFjpfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

mtw;Ws; rpy fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

.com - tu;j;jf epWtdq;fSf;fhf (for Commercial Enterprises)

.gov - mur epWtdq;fSf;fhf (for Government Organization)

.edu - fy;tp epWtdq;fSf;fhf (for Educational Institution)

1. Nritfspd; tpidj;jpwDf;F.

2. tpsk;guj;ijg; ngw;Wj;ju.

3. ghJfhg;ghd njhlu;ghlYf;F.

4. Neu Kfhikj;Jtj;Jf;F.

5. Fiwe;j nrytpy; nra;tjw;F.

6. fhupahyaj; jfty; fsQ;rpak; xd;iw mikf;f.

m) tFg;giwapd; Clfr; nranyhOq;Fm) tFg;giwapd; Clfr; nranyhOq;Fm) tFg;giwapd; Clfr; nranyhOq;Fm) tFg;giwapd; Clfr; nranyhOq;Fm) tFg;giwapd; Clfr; nranyhOq;F

tFg;giwapy; eilngWtJ gpujhdkhf $l;lj; njhlu;ghlyhFk;.

Mrpupau; jk; Kd;dhy; cs;s khztu; FOTld; njhlu;ghlw;

nranyhOq;fpy; <LgLfpd;whu;. ,jd; gb tFg;giwapd; gpujhd

njhlu;;ghLgtu; Mrpupauhthu;. khztu;fSk; njhlu;ghlw; nranyhOq;fpy;

gq;Fjhuu;fNs. mtu;fs; nrtprha;g;gu;. vOJtu;@ NgRtu;;;;;@ Nfs;tp Nfl;gu;@

tpil $Wtu; @ r pe ;jidapy; <LgLtu ; . Mrpu pau ; r py NghJ

njhlu;ghLgtuhfTk; NtW rpy NghJ ngWeuhfTk; ,Ug;ghu;.

3.4 tFg;giwapd; Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.4 tFg;giwapd; Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.4 tFg;giwapd; Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.4 tFg;giwapd; Clf cgfuzq;fs; 3.4 tFg;giwapd; Clf cgfuzq;fs;

http:// www.microsoft.com/front page/ product

pathprotocol web server domain

jftw; gupkhw;w Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak;jftw; gupkhw;w Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak;jftw; gupkhw;w Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak;jftw; gupkhw;w Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak;jftw; gupkhw;w Clf cgfuzg; ghtidapd; mtrpak;


tFg;giwj; njhlu;ghlypy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;gpay;G jpl;lkpl;l xU

Nehf ;fj ;j pd ; mbg ;gilapyhd xU elj;ij khw ;wj ;ij jk;

khztu;fspilNa Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;Jf;Fs; Vw;gLj;Jk; vjpu;ghu;g;Gld;

fUkkhw;WtjhyhFk;. ,jw;fhf Mrpupau; Ngrpdhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ gy;NtW

Clf cgfuzq;fisAk; Ngr;Rld; ,izj;Jf; gad;gLj;j Ntz;bNaw;gLk;

tFg;giwapd; Clf nranyhOq;F ,t;thwhfNt Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

tFg;giw Clfr; nranyhOq;F ed;F jpl;lkplg;gl;ljhf ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ Fwpg;gpl;l myfpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; ,yf;Ffisj;

jPu;khdpj;J nghUj;jkhd Clf Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. gpdtUk;

tplaq;fspYk; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

1. ghlj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis mile;J nfhs;s KbAkh?

2. tFg;gpd; kl;lj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjh?

3. %yg;nghUs; ,yFtpy; ngw KbAkh?

4. Fiwe;j nrytpidf; nfhz;Ls;sjh?

5. gad;gLj;Jtjhy; mD$yk; mjpfupf;Fkh?

6. cau; tpidj;jpwDk; tpisjpwDk; fhzg;gLkh?

7. ghlNtisf;Fg; NghJkhdjh?

8. myFf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjh?

9. khztu;fspd; Mu;tk; mjpfupf;Fkh?

10. Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fhd re;ju;g;gk; mjpfkhf cz;lh?

mj ;Jld ; ,t ;T +lfr ; nranyhOq ;if tFg ;giwa py ;

eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; NghJ gy;NtW cgfuzq;fs; Jizahff;

nfhs;sg;gLk;. mtw;iw newpg;gLj;Jk;NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; Fwpj;J

ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

1. ghlj;jpy; Njitahd ,lj;jpy; kl;Lk; mtw;iw gad;gLj;jy;

2. midj;J khztu;fSf;Fk; fhl;rpg;gLj;j KbAkhapUj;jy;

3 gbKiwnahOq;fpy; tpsf;FtJ Kf;fpakhFk;

4. ghlj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhis Nehf;fp newpg;gLj;jy;

5. cgfuzj;ijj; njhl;Lg;ghu;f;f khztu;fSf;F tha;g;gspj;jy;

6. Njitahd NghJ kPs;ghtid

,t;thW tFg;giwapy; Clfr; nranyhOq;fpid newpg;gLj;Jk;

NghJ capu;g;ghd xU ghlNtisia khztu;fSf;F toq;f KbAk;.


M) tFg;giw Clf cgfuzj;ij ,dq;fhzy; M) tFg;giw Clf cgfuzj;ij ,dq;fhzy; M) tFg;giw Clf cgfuzj;ij ,dq;fhzy; M) tFg;giw Clf cgfuzj;ij ,dq;fhzy; M) tFg;giw Clf cgfuzj;ij ,dq;fhzy;

tFg;giw Clf cgfuzq;fis tifg;gLj;Jk; NghJ Kf;fpakhf

,uz;L Kiwfisf; ifahs KbAk;. mit gpd;tUkhW.

1. vwpitapy;yhj Clf cgfuzq;fs;

2. vwpit Clf cgfuzq;fs;

fUk;gyif fUk;gyif fUk;gyif fUk;gyif fUk;gyif (Black Board)

tFg;giwapd; gpugy;akhd Clf cgfuzk; fUk;gyifahFk;.

,d;Dk; $l cyfpd; gy ehLfspYk; tFg;giwfspy; ,e;j cgfuzk;

$ba Fiwe;j msTfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; %d;whk;

cyf ehLfs; Fwpg;gpl;lj;jf;fit. kuj;jpdhy;> rPnke;jhy;> nraw;ifg;

gyiffspdhy; fUk;gyif nra;ag;gLtJld; ntz;fl;bfis cgNahfpj;J

vOj my;yJ tiua KbAk;.

fUk;gyifiaf; ifahSk;NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; ftdj;jpy;

nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

1. tFg;g pd ; midj;J khztu;fSf;Fk;

njupaf;$ba ,lj;jpy; itf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

2. fUk;gyiffspy; vOJk;NghJ my;yJ

tiuAk; NghJ gyif KOikahf kiwj;j

tz;zk; epw;ff; $lhJ.

3. ,lkpUe;J tykhf vOj Ntz;Lk;.

4. vOj;Jf;fs; eLj;ju mstpy; my;yJ ngupa

mstpy; vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;

5. tupfSf;fpilapy; ,ilntsp tpl Ntz;Lk;

6. 1-5 juq;fspy; fUk;gyifapy; NfhLfs;

tiue;J vOj Ntz;Lk;

7. jpfjp> Neu ml;ltiz vd;gd fUk;gyifapy; xNu epuypy; fhl;lg;gl

Ntz;Lk; (Gjpa fy;tpr; rPu;jpUj;jq;fspd;gb)

8. fUk;gyifapy; fPo; epuy; ntWikahf tplg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,f;fhyj;jpy; ntz;fl;bj;J}s; tpOtijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf tpNrl

Rz;zhk;G tiffs; gad; gLj;jg;gLtjhy; fUk;gyif ghtidapy;

gpujp $yq;fis ,opthf;f Kbe;Js;sJ.

(1) vwpitapy;yhj Clf cgfuzq;fs;(1) vwpitapy;yhj Clf cgfuzq;fs;(1) vwpitapy;yhj Clf cgfuzq;fs;(1) vwpitapy;yhj Clf cgfuzq;fs;(1) vwpitapy;yhj Clf cgfuzq;fs;

glk;:- 3.4.1 fUk;gyif


ntz;gyifntz;gyifntz;gyifntz;gyifntz;gyif (White Board)

fUk;gyiff;fhd ntw;wpfukhd gpujPaPL

ntz;gyifahFk;. ,jid Njitahd msT

ePs> mfyj;jpy; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

gyifiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Rw;wptu mYkpdpa

rl ; lfk ; ,lg ; gLk ; . ntz ;gyifa py ;

vOJtjw;fhf jbj;j vOj;Js;s epwg; Ngidfs;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,it Marker Pen

vdg;gLk;. ,t;Tgfuzj;jpdhy; khztu;fspd;

<u;g;ig mjpfupj;jy;> ,yFthfg; gad;gLj;j

Kbfpd;wik> MrpupauJ mnrsfupak; Fiwjy;> vOj;Jf;fs; njspthfj;

njupfpd;wik Mfpa mD$yq;fSz;L.

fhe;jg; gyiffhe;jg; gyiffhe;jg; gyiffhe;jg; gyiffhe;jg; gyif ( ( ( ( (Magnet Borad)))))

tFg;giwapy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jiy

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ghlj;Jld; njhlu;ghd

gy;NtW ,izg;Gfisf; (cUf;fs;>

ml ;ltizfs;> glq;fs;) nghUj;j

Ntz;bNaw;gLk;. mjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

fUtpNa fhe;jg; gyifahFk;. ,J

cNyhfj;jpdhy; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld;

fhe ;jj ;Jz ;Lfs pdhy ; Njitahd

gj;jpuq;fis gyifapy; epWj;j KbAk;.

gf;fk; Gul;b gf;fk; Gul;b gf;fk; Gul;b gf;fk; Gul;b gf;fk; Gul;b ( ( ( ( (Flip Chart)))))

,jpy ; xU Fwpj ;j tplaj ;Jld;njhlu;Gila jhf rpy 'bnka;" fljhrpfisg;gbKiwahf ,izj;Jj; jahu; nra;Jnfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,jpYs;s mD$yk;ahnjdpy; xU ghlj;ij xU fUj;ij my;yJxU jftiy Kd;itf;f Kd;du; NghjpasTKd;dhaj;jk; nra;J nfhs;s ,g;gf;fk; Gul;bcjTfpd;wJ.

xNu msthd jhspy; rpytw;iwGul;lf; $ba tpjkhf jhq;fpapy; nghUj;jp,jidj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. kPz;Lk;kPz;Lk; Gul;lf; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wik ,jd;;

rpwg;gk;rkhFk;;.

glk;:- 3.4.2 ntz;gyif

glk;:- 3.4.3 fhe;jg; gyif

glk;:- 3.4.4 gf;fk; Gul;b


gf;fk; Gul;bapd; kw;WnkhU mD$yk; xU Kiw gad;gLj;jpaijg;

ghJfhj;J itj;J kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jf;$bajhf ,Ug;gjhFk;. md;whlg;

ghlq;fSld; njhlu;ghf ,jid xU Kiw jahupj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;

fw;gpj;jw; fUkk; ,yFthFk;.

gf;fk; Gul;biag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ftdpf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpa

tplak; vOj;Jf;fs; ngupa mstpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. tFg;gpd;

gpd; tupirapy; mku;e;Js;stu;fSk; thrpff;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

glq;fSk; ngupa mstpy; tiuag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

(2) (2) (2) (2) (2) vwpit Clf cgfuzq;fs;vwpit Clf cgfuzq;fs;vwpit Clf cgfuzq;fs;vwpit Clf cgfuzq;fs;vwpit Clf cgfuzq;fs;

Nke;jiy vwpit Nke;jiy vwpit Nke;jiy vwpit Nke;jiy vwpit Nke;jiy vwpit (((((Over Head Projector)))))

ruhrup msTilajhf mike;Js;s

tFg;giwnahd;wpy; gad;gLj;jf; $ba

[duQ;rfkhd xU fw;gpj;jy; cgfuzkhf

,jid mwpKfg;gLj;jg;glyhk;. jkpopy; ,J

Nke;jiy vwpap vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhYk;

OHP vd;w RUf;fkhd ngaNu tof;fpYs;sJ.

,e;j ,ae;jpuj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ kpf

vspikahd xU nranyhOq;fhFk;. cs;Ns

mjPj xspAs;s kpd; Fkpo; vuptJld; mjd;

xsp ,ae;jpuj;jpd; Nkw;Gwj;jpy; cs;s

CLfhl;bf; fz;zhbA+lhfr; nry;Yk;. ehk;

Vw ; fdNt jahu pj ;J itj ;Js ;s

CLfhl;bj;jhis me;jf; fz;zhb kPJ

itf;Fk; NghJ xsp mjD}lhfr; nry;Yk;.

,jpypUe;J fpilf;Fk; xspf;fjpu;fSlhf CLfhl;bj;jhspYs;s Fwpg;Gfs;

vOj;Jf;fs; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; kPJs;s tpy;iyapdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

mt;thW tpy;iy ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Fwpg;Gfs; mbapD}lhf xspj;njwpg;Gr;

nra;J Kd;dhy; cs;s ntz;gyifapy; my;yJ Rtupy; vwpitahf

tpOk;. A4 mstpy; jahu; nra;J nfhs;Sk; Xu; Mtzk; ,Uklq;F

ngupjhf vwpitahFk;. ,jdhy; tFg;giwapYs;s midtUf;Fk; xNu

jlitapy; ghu;f;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

,jw;fhd CLfhl;bfisj; jahu; nra;ag; gy Kiwfisg;

gad;gLj;jyhk;. jahu; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s Ngidahy; CLfhl;bj;jhspy;

vOJtjhFk;. ,t;tifg;Ngdhf;fs; gy epwq;fspy; cz;L. md;wpAk;

glk;:- 3.4.5 Nke;jiy vwpit


epiyahd ik jw;fhypf ik vd;w ,U tifg; Ngdhf;fSz;L. epiyahd

ikAila Ngdhthy; vOjpdhy; mjid mopj;J Ntnwhd;iw vOjpg;

gad;gLj;j KbahJ. mt;thW mopf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; ~jpdu;| vdg;gLk;

jputk; jltg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jw;fhypf ikapdhy; vOjpatw;iw tpuy;fshYk;

mOj;jpAk; $l mopf;f KbAk;. ve;j ikiag; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij Njitf;Nfw;gj; jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

CLfhl;bj; jhs;fisj; jahu; nra;J nfhs;Sk; kw;WnkhU Kiw

fzpdp %yk; nra;tjhFk;. fzpdpapy; vOj;jikj;J mr;Rg;gjpf;Fk; NghJ

rhjhuz jhSf;Fg; gjpyhf CLfhl;bj;jhisg; gad;gLj;jplyhk;.mt;

thwpy;yhjNghJ fzpdpapy; jahupj;J vLj;j %yg;gpujpia Gifg;glg;

gpujp ,ae;jpuj;jpy; (Photostat) CLfhl;bj; jhspy; gpujpnaLj;Jf; nfhs;s

KbAk;. mNj Nghd;W OHP ,ae;jpuj;ijf; ifahs;tJ njhlu;ghd

mDgtj;ijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. OHP ghtidapd; NghJ

ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;ba rpy tplaq;fs; gpd;tUkhW.

1. NjitahdNghJ kl;Lk; kpd; Fkpio vupa tpl Ntz;Lk;.

2. kpd; Fkpio mizj;jhYk; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; kpd; ,izg;igj;

Jz;bf;ff; $lhJ. #Nlwpa kpd; Fkpio Fspu itg;gjw;fhf

cs;NsapUf;Fk; fhw;whb njhlu;e;J ,aq;fr; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

fhw;whb ,aq;Ftjw;F kpd; ,izg;Gj; Njit. kpd;Fkpo; MwpaJk;

kpd; ,izg;igj; Jz;bj;J tplyhk;.

3. xU OHP apy; ,uz;L kpd;Fkpo;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. xU Fkpo; gOjile;J

tpl;lhy; kw;iwaijf; nfhz;L Ntiyiaj; njhlu;tjw;Nf ,t;thW

itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thW gOJgl;l kpd; Fkpio cldbahf

khw;wptpl Ntz;Lk;.

4. ,ae;jpuj;jpd; fz;zhbj; jsj;jpd; kPJ Gj;jfk; Nghd;w nghUl;fis

itj;J xspiaj; jil nra;af; $lhJ mjpf ntg;gk; ntspNawhj

NghJ ntbj;J tpLk; Mgj;Jz;L.

5. ,ae;jpuj;ij itg;gjw;F nghUj;jkhd Xu; ,lk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,lk; khw;Wk;NghJ ftdkhff; ifahsNtz;Lk;.

tOf;fp vwpit (tOf;fp vwpit (tOf;fp vwpit (tOf;fp vwpit (tOf;fp vwpit (Slide projetor)))))

,J Nke;jiy vwpitapypUe;J NtWgl;l Xu; ,ae;jpukhFk;. ,jpy;

CLfhl;bj; jhSf;Fg; gjpyhf CLfhl;bapyhd glq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Nke;jiy vwpitiag; Nghd;Nw mjpf xsp nfhz;l kpd; Fkpo; %yk;

glq;fs; vwpag;gLj;jg;gLk;. rhjhuz fkuhtpd; %yk; ngwg;gl;l Gifg;glr;

RUis ,ae;jpuj;jpYs;s tl;lkhd jhq;fpapy; my;yJ ePskhd jhq;;fpay;

itj;J ,izg;gjd; %yk; mjpYs;s glq;fs; xt;nthd;whf vjpNuAs;s

Rtupy; my;yJ ntz;jpiuapy; vwpitahFk;.


CLfhl;bg; glq;fs; ~];yapl;| vdg;gLk;

,jpYs;s rpwg;G Gifg;glNk CLfhl;bahfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhFk;. Gifg;glk; cupa

epwj;jpNyNa vwpitapy; njuptjhy; ,aw;ifahd

fhl;rpfisf; fhz KbAk;. cjhuzkhf ePq;fs;

ghlrhiyapy; fy;tpr; Rw;Wyhtpy; fye;J nfhz;L

jpUk;gpaTld; tOf;fpfis cgNahfpj;J ePq;fs;

fz;l fhl;rpfis mNjtpjkhf Kd; itf;fyhk;.

tOf;fp vwpitia ,af;Fk; NghJ kpd; Fkpo; njhlu;ghd eilKiw

Nke;jiy vwpitapw; Nghd;Nw mikAk;. ,e;j ,ae;jpuj;jpd;

rpwg;gk;rkhtJ glq;fis ntspapy; ,Ue;J fl;Lg;gLj;jp ,af;fKbtjhFk;.

etPd ,ae;jpuq;fspd; jhdpaq;fp KiwAk; cz;L. tOf;fp vwpitapy;

glq;fs; fhl;lg;gLtjw;Fr; rkhe;jukhf xyp ehlh xd;iw my;yJ

,Wtl;il ,af;Ftjd; %yk; xyp xsp tbtj;ijAk; Mf;f KbAk;.

Jupj vwpit ( Jupj vwpit ( Jupj vwpit ( Jupj vwpit ( Jupj vwpit (Digital Presenter / Visual / Processor)

Kd;du; tpsf;fg;gl;l Nke;jiy vwpit tOf;fp vwpit vd;gtw;wpy;

Vw ;fdNt jahu pf ;fg ;gl ;l CLfhl ;bfs; my;yJ fhl ;r pfNs

Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; ,e;jj; Jupj

vwpit ,ae;jpuk; %yk; VyNt jahu;

nra ;ag ;glhj Jupjkhd xd;iwAk;

vwpitf;Fl;gLj;j KbAk;.

cjhuzkhf xU fw;gpj;jypd; NghJ

xU Gj ;jfj ;j pYs ;s glnkhd ;iw

vwpitahff; fhl;l Ntz;Lk;. vdf;

nfhs;Nthk;. mg;NghJ nra;a Ntz;baJ.

mf; Fwp;g;gpl;l glj;ij ,ae;jpu Kfg;gpy;

itg;gjhFk; . ,g ;NghJ mjd; ,U

gf;fq;fspypUe;Jk; xsp gha;r;rg;gLtJld;

mg;glk; ,ae;jpuj;jpYs;s fkuh %yk;

ngw;W (Scan) vwpitahf;Fk; . ,J

Kg;gupkhz cUtq;fisAk; gjpT nra;af;

$ba ,ae;jpukhFk;.

,e;j ,ae;jpuj;jpd; mD$yk; ve;j xU Mtzj;ijAk; glj;ijAk;

vwpit %yk; cldbahff; fhl;lf; $bajhf ,Ug;gjhFk;. mj;jifa

glk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;j gLtjpy;iy rpy Ntisfspy; tFg;giwfspy;

gad;gLj;Jk; epwg;Gifg; glq;fis mstpy; ngupjhf;fp ,t;tpae;jpuj;jpD}lhf

tFg;G khztu;fs; midtUf;Fk; fhl;l KbAk;.

glk;:- 3.4.7 Jupj vwpit

glk;:- 3.4.6 tOf;fp vwpit


gy;Y}lf vwpit ( gy;Y}lf vwpit ( gy;Y}lf vwpit ( gy;Y}lf vwpit ( gy;Y}lf vwpit (Multi media Projetor)))))

fzpdp my;yJ njhiyf;fhl;rpj ; jpiuapd; fhl;rpfis

cUngUg;gpj;J xU ntz;jpiuapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;JtNj gy;Y}lf vwpitapd;

gzpahFk;. ,q;F NeubahfNt fzpdp my;yJ njhiyf;fhl;rp

jpiuapYs;s fhl;rpfis gy;Y}lf vwpitj; jpiuapYk; fhl;l KbAk;.

my;yJ gy;Y}lf vwpitj; jpiuapy; kl;Lk; fhl;l KbAk;. ,jpYs;s

ed;ik ahnjdpy; ngUe;njhifahNdhUf;F xNu jlitapy; ghu;g;gjw;fhd

re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gLtjhFk;. ,jD}lhf

r pd pkh ,Wtl ;Lf ; fisAk ;

Kd ;itf ;fyhk ; . ,d ;W xU

$l ;lj ; j pdUf ;F elj ; jg ; gLk ;

epfo;r ;r pfspy; gy;Y}lf vwpit

gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ gpugy;akhfpAs;sJ.

,jpYs;s trjp gw;wp Xu; cjhuzk;

$Wtjhapd;> xU tpupTiuahsuplk;

xU ifalf;fkhd fzpdpAk; rpwpa

gy;Y}lf vwpitAk; ,Ug;gpd; mjD}lhf epfo;r;rpfis kpf ,yFthf

tpidj;jpwdhf Kd;itf;fyhk;.

tFg;giwapy; ciuahw;Wk; NghJ xyp gutpr; nry;tJ

jilg;gLkhdhy; me;epfo;r;rp ntw;wp ngwhJ tplyhk;. vdNt njupT

nra;ag;gl;l xU tFg;giwapy; xyp ngUf;fp trjpia Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;syhk;. gyKiwfspy; xyp ngUf;fp ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;jyhk;.

vk ;Kiwapy ; nra ;tnjd ;gJ

Njitf;Nfw;g NtWglyhk;.

tFg;giw G+uhTk; xypgutf;

$ba tpjkhf xyp ngUf;fpia

itj;J mjid xyp thq;fpAld;

njhlu;GgLj;Jk; KiwahFk;;. ,jd;

%yk; tpupTiuahsNuh Ngr;rhs-

Nuh my;yJ MrpupaNuh xypthq;fp

Kd;dhy; ,Ue;J jk; fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itf;f KbAk;.

kw;nwhU Kiw tFg;giwapd; xt;nthU NkirapYk;

xypthq;fpfis nghUj;JtjhFk;. ,jpy; Ngr;rhsu;fis Nghd;Nw gq;F

gw;WNthUf;Fk; jk; Kd;NdAs;s xyp thq;fpA+lhf fUj;Jf;fis

Kd;itf;fyhk;. ,J rpwe;j capu;g;ghd njhlu;ghlw; #oiy Vw;gLj;j

VJthf mikAk;.

xyp gug;Gk; El;gk;xyp gug;Gk; El;gk;xyp gug;Gk; El;gk;xyp gug;Gk; El;gk;xyp gug;Gk; El;gk;

glk;:- 3.4.8 gy;Y}lf vwpit

glk;:- 3.4.9 ikf;NuhNghd; %yk;

tpdhntOg;Gk; khztp


Ngr;rhsupd; xypthq;fp njhlu;ghf vOk; xU gpur;rpid ahnjdpy;

mJ Xuplj;jpy; nghUj;jg;gl;bUg;gpd; mtu; ,lk; khwf; $bajhapUg;gjhFk;.

,J ntw;wpfukhd njhlu;ghlYf;F jilahFk;. ,jdhy; ,g;Nghnjy;yhk;

,lk; ngau; xypthq;fpahf vg;.vk;. xypthq;fp gad; gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

mjpy; fk;gpapy;yhj gbahy; Ngr;rhsu; Rje;jpukhf elkhl KbAk;. xyp

ngUf;fpj; njhFjpapy; ,Wtl;L xyp> xspg;NgiofSk; mjid ,af;Fk;

fUtpfSk; thndhypAk; gad;gLj;j KbAk;. vt;thwhapDk; xyp ngUf;fp

trjp nfhz;l xU tFg;giw mikf;fg;gLtjhapd; mJ ed;F guhkupf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. mJ gw;wpa njspthd mwpTld; fUkkhw;w Ntz;baJ mtrpak;.

(,) tFg;giw Clfg; ghtidapd; mtrpak; (,) tFg;giw Clfg; ghtidapd; mtrpak; (,) tFg;giw Clfg; ghtidapd; mtrpak; (,) tFg;giw Clfg; ghtidapd; mtrpak; (,) tFg;giw Clfg; ghtidapd; mtrpak;

kdpjd; Ik;Gyd;fisAk; gad;gLj;jp Rw;wy; nrad;Kiwapy; <LgLtJld;

xU Gyidg; gad;gLj;jp fw;gij tpl gy Gyd;fisAk; ,izj;Jf; fw;gJ

$ba gadspf;Fk;. ,jw;fhf Neub Clf cgfuzq;fs; gad; gLj;jg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;. ,f;$w;W tFg;giwapy; Clf cgfuzq;fs; ghtidapd; mtrpaj;ij

ed;F Gyg;gLj;Jk; mj;jifa NtW rpy re;ju;g;gq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

1. fw;wy; ajhu;j;jkhdjhf mikAk;.

2. tpiuthf xU ghlj;ij Kd;itf;f KbAk;.

3. khztu;fspd; Cf;Ftpg;G mjpfupj;jy;.

4. khztu;fspd; nraY}f;fk; mjpfupf;Fk;.

5. rpf;fyhd vz;zf; fUf;fis vspikahf tpsf;Ftjw;Fk; gad;gLj;j

KbAk;.

6. khztu;fspd; Mu;tk; mjpfupf;Fk;

7. tpUg;Gf;Fupa fw;wYf;fhf gad;gLj;jyhk;

8. nrhw;fspdhy; fpilf;Fk; fUj;ij tpl mjpf tPr;rpy; ghlj;jpd; fUj;ij

tpsf;f KbAk;.

9. nkhop Mw;wiy> Ngr;rhw;wiy tpUj;jp nra;a KbAk;.

10. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghl;bd; rypg;igg; Nghf;f KbAk;.

11. Neu Kfhikj;Jtj;ijr; rPuhfg; NgZtjw;F cjTk;

12. Mrpupau; khztu; njhlu;G tpUj;jpf;F cjTk;

xg;gil 3 xg;gil 3 xg;gil 3 xg;gil 3 xg;gil 3

1. fzpdprhu; ntspaPLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

2. fhupahya Clf cgfuzq;fspdhy; eilngWk; gzpfis tpgupf;Ff

3. jftw;gupkhw;W cgfuzq;fspd; mtrpaj;ij kjpg;gpLf.

4. ~,izak; gaDs;s xU ngWeu; MFk;| ,Jgw;wpa ckJ fUj;ijf;

$Wf.

5. tFg;giw Clf cgfuzq;fspdhy; mwpit tpUj;jp nra;J

nfhs;Sk; tpjj;ij tpgupf;Ff.

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