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Needs,TargetsandOpportuni2esforGreenTechnologyinBangladesh
Md.MafizurRahmanProfessor
DepartmentofCivilEngineeringBangladeshUniversityofEngineeringandTechnology(BUET)
Energy,EnvironmentandEcosystems(3E)NexusIni2a2veforSustainabledevelopmentinAsianCountriesRamadaBitangBaliResort,Bali,Indonesia平成28年7月7日
Needs,TargetsandOpportunitiesforGreenTechnologyinBangladeshDr.Md.Mafizur Rahman
Professor,DepartmentofCivilEngineering-BUET
Mee2ngswithinBangladesh&Japan
• 1stDecemberSkypeMee2ng• 15thJanuarySkypeMee2ngs—Cancelleddueto
unavoidablecircumstances• 16thFebruary• 18-20thFebruary—WithinBangladeshiCounterparts
• Ways to involve Academic Community andResearchers
• Brief Discussion on what kind of Projects JCMSupports
• Poten2al and challenges for JCM projects in thecountry and how the domes2c network cancontribute
Study Workshop Proceedings December 1st, 2014
Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh
• CouldnotbeheldduetounavoidablecircumstancesinBangladesh.
Study Workshop Proceedings January15th, 2015
Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh
Study Workshop Proceedings February 16th, 2015 4:00-5:30 PM
Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh
PresentaOonOne:JointCredi2ngMechanism (JCM)projects for Sustainable LowCarbon Development in Asia- Pacific Region-- 3E NexusSecretariat, Integrated Research System for SustainabilityScience(IR3S),TheUniversityofTokyo,JapanPresentaOonTwo:Energy, Environment and Ecosystems (3E) Nexus Ini2a2ve;KensukeFukushi,Ph.D.,Professor,IntegratedResearchSystemforSustainabilityScience(IR3S),TheUniversityofTokyo,Japan
Study Workshop Proceedings February 16th, 2015 4:00-5:30 PM
Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh SlNo Name DesignaOon OrganizaOon
1 Dr.Md.MafizurRahman
Professor,DepartmentofCivilEngineering
BangladeshUniversityofEngineering&Technology(BUET)
2 Engr.Md.ShahariarKamal Manager-CreditRiskManagement
IDLCFinanceLimited
3 Engr.Md.Kamruzzaman SeniorEnergySectorSpecialist
USAID-CCEBProgram
4 Engr.Md.MehbuboorRahman
AssistantManager-GreenFinance
IDLCFinanceLimited
5 Engr.Md.IbrahimHossain Proprietor/CEO; CENTREFORENGINEERING&TECHNICALASSISTANCE(CETA);Bangladesh
6 SanoarHossain Professional LeatherTechnology
ParOcipantsFromJapan:• KensukeFukushi,Ph.D.,Professor,IntegratedResearchSystemfor
SustainabilityScience(IR3S);TheUniversityofTokyo,Japan• YukiHashimoto,IDEAConsultants,Inc.
Researcher,OverseasProjectsDepartment2-2-2Hayabuchi,Tsuzuki-ku,Yokohama,JAPAN224-0025
Study Workshop Proceedings February 16th, 2015 4:00-5:30 PM
Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh
SummaryofthepresentaOonOneü IntroducOonofparOcipantsü ExplanaOonofaimofthisproject–focusedoncrea2onofanacademicnetworkü Background/beginningoftheproject–carbontaxonelectricitybillusedasfundingforMOEJandMETIü Host country and Japan can discuss and decide how to issue MRV, how to make credits.Carboncreditswillbesharedbetweenthe2countries,ra2oTBD.ü ExplanaOonofJCMFramework,JointCommi[eeü Pla\orms to Support Leapfrog – Local governments of Japanwants to share theirexperiences/technologies,thisprojectispartoftheresearchplahormü ComparisonofJCMwiththeCDM–JCMismoreflexiblethantheCDM,processisquitesimilarü Criteria of JCMMethodology –carbon reduced should be derived from energy, i.e.conver2ngmethanetoCO2isnotincludedü Forfinancing,planningtobeabout300millionUSDperyearü Inves2nginlong-termlarge-scalecarbonreduc2onsisalsoimportantiswherewecanplayarole(i.e.trafficmonitoringanddatacollec2oninBangkok)
Study Workshop Proceedings February 16th, 2015 4:00-5:30 PM
Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh
Study Workshop Proceedings February 16th, 2015 4:00-5:30 PM
Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh SummaryofthepresentaOonTwo:3ENexus
ü Importanceofco-benefits(i.e.highefficiencypowerplantalsoreleaseslowamountofpollutantssuchassulfuroxide,etc.).Needtodevelopcashvalueofnaturalenvironment,reduc2onofpollu2on,etc.ü ExplanaOonofsteeringcommi[ee,firstkickoffmeeOng,currentnetworkmap,etc.ü LowcarboninrelaOontoecosystemisdifficultbutmustbeincludedinthefuture(i.e.highefficiencycoalpower-plantreducesacidrainandeffectonforest)ü Hopetomakemoreconcreteprojectsfromnextyearandstrengthenthenetworkmoretoconnectindustriesandacademicians,government,etc.HopethattheBangladeshacademicianscanbetheconsultantsfortheprojects.
• WhendoingtheFS,peopleneedtogothroughtheOne-StopService?• JCM is approved only when Japanese company is approved, when
Bangladeshcompanyhasanidea,howcantheydevelopandpar2cipateintheJCMprojects?
• Whobearsthecostwhendoingaprojectforexampleinindustry?• Fortheinvestment,isitagrantoraloan?• Are there guidelines on what kind of technologies that you have to
purchase/investin?• CantheindustrydirectlycontacttheJCMcomminee?• Howlongdoesittaketoapproveaproject?• Can you please clarify on the Japanese involvement (i.e. manufacturing
company), are there certain condi2ons to make the projects withJapanesecompanies?
Study Workshop Proceedings February 16th, 2015 4:00-5:30 PM
Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh QuesOonsAskedfromDifferentBangladeshiParOcipants
• PossiblewayForwards• Involvementsandcontribu2onfromeachPar2cipants• Prepara2onfortheupcomingPresenta2on• Academic community/researchers involvement in crea2ng
futureJCMprojects• Ideas on how to create an effec2ve network for 3E Nexus/
JCMprojectswithinthecountry• Measurement,Repor2ng,Verifica2on(MRV)methodsrelated
toJCMprojects,howthedomes2cnetworkcancontributetoMRV
Study Workshop Proceedings February 20th, 2015
Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh
18
Bangladeshataglance• NortheasternpartofSoutheastAsia• SurroundedbyIndia,Myanmar&BayofBengal
Loca2on
• Area:147,570squarekm• Lowflatlandconsis2ngofalluvialsoil
Area&Terrain
• Hotsummerwithhighhumidity(March-June)
• Monsoon(July-October)• Drywinter(November-February)
Clima2cCondi2on
19
Bangladesh:DemographicInfo
Total Population: 166.3 Million
0-14 years 34.3%
15-64 years 61.1%
65 years and over 4.6%
20
EconomyofBangladesh• Thecountryisclassifiedasnextelevenemergingmarket
• Poten2almemberoffron2erfive
• Enteringintogoldeneraasmorethan60%ofpopula2onisinworkablecondi2on(age15-65)
• ConstantGDPgrowthofmorethan6%hasbeenobservedthroughoutlast10years
23
Contribu2ontoExportEarning
6061.58
5962.7
355.03
370.77 211.12
57.37 251.48
221.05 327.77
56.46
1038.88
Export Volume (July-December 2014)
Knitwear Woven RMG Frozen Food Home textile Leather Chemical Products Foot wear Engineering Products Agricultural Products Raw Jute Others
24
OpportunityforInvestment• Governmentpolicyencouragesforeigninvestors
• Infrastructuraldevelopmentisongoingtocreatemorescope
• LessForExriskactsasadrivingfactorforforeigncurrencyfinancing
• HigherrateofinterestfromlocalBanksdiscouragessponsors
25
ScopeofInvestment
NewprojectFinancing
Expansionofexis2ng
Workingcapital
Efficienttechnologyandprocessimprovement
27
GovernmentIni2a2vetowardsCDMProjects
• PolicyonREandEEisalreadyinplace
• Targetedcontribu2onofREis5%oftotalpowergenera2onby2015
• By2020,Governmentisplanningtoenhanceitto10%
• 6thFiveyearplancreatesopportunitytosave10%ofenergythroughEE
ButBo[lenecksaresOlldominaOng
InvestmentChallenges&Mi2ga2on
q Aid/Grantq SubsidizedLoansq Flexiblestructureandlongertenorq Creditguarantee
q Capacitybuildingofallrelevantstakeholdersq ResearchandDevelopment
q MassAwarenessq Promo2onalCampaignq Policyandframework
PotenOalareasof
acOvityforJCM
29
JCM-BDCounterpartMee2ng
v Amee2ngwasconductedtosortoutpossibleopportuni2esandscopeofJCMinBangladesh.
v JCM-Bangladesh Focal Person Dr. Md. Mafizur Rahmanpresidedoverthemee2ng.
v Par2cipantstriedtosortoutscopesandopportuni2esunderJCMumbrella.
v Different sectors were iden2fied based on their poten2al,contribu2on to na2onal economy and environment, possibleoutcomeetc.
30
Sor2ngoutOpportuni2es
Energy Efficiency in Textile, Power, Steel etc sector
Renewable Energy
Brick Kiln Green Building
Waste to Energy
Policy and Awareness campaign
31
Scope1:EnergyEfficiencyq Interven2ons based on energy audit to reduce energy
consump2onq Poten2alSectors:
q Tex2leandReadyMadeGarmentsq SteelandRerollingq Cementq Pharmaceu2calsq PowerGenera2on
q Government’sgoaltoreduceenergyconsump2on,addi2onalcharge for power, poten2al savings opportunity are drivingfactor
32
S1:EE-ImprovementOp2onsReplacementofoldboilerwiththermo-oilorsimilartype
ReplacementwithefficientLEDligh2ngsystem
ImprovementinHVACsystem
UseofvariableFrequencyDrive(VFD)inmotor
Processimprovementandautoma2on
ImprovementofChiller,Compressorandotherappliances
33
Scope2:RenewableEnergyq BangladeshshareonREisgrowingduetopowerscarcityand
pricehikeq TypesofRE:
q SolarEnergyq Biogasq WindEnergyq Hydroelecr2city
q RE has strengthen its foot step in both on grid and off-gridareaofruralBangladesh
34
S2:RE-Applicability
SlNo Type Area Industry
1 SolarEnergy AlloverBangladeshspeciallyoff-gridareas
Householdlevel,CleanEnergyGenera2on,Gridconnectednetwork
2 Biogas AlloverBangladesh Householdlevel,Poultryanddairy,Agriculturalwaste
3 Hydroelectricity HillyRegionofChinagongandSylhet
Gridconnectednetwork
4 WindEnergy CoastalBelt Gridconnectednetwork
35
S2:RE-FewExamplesq IDCOLhas installedmorethan3MillionSolarHomeSystem
alloverthecountryq Two30MWcapacityWindEnergyisgoingtobeinstalledin
coastalareasofCox’sBazarq Kaptaidamestablishedin1960ss2llhasgotthepoten2alof
genera2ngmorethan230MWofhydroelectricity
q It isexpectedthat largesizecleanenergyprojectswill shareitscontribu2oninna2onalgrid
36
Scope3:WastetoEnergy
q TheconceptofWastetoEnergyistogenerateelectricityortoproducefer2lizerfromdifferentsortsofwaste
q Conversion of waste to energy preserves environment andemergedasgoodbusinessopportunity
q Proposed Waste to Energy project at sanitary landfill nearDhaka, Compos2ng facility frommunicipal waste is drawinginvestor’sanen2on.
37
S3:WastetoEnergy-FewOp2ons
ETPandreduc2onofLiquorra2oninfabricdyeing
Compos2ngandprepara2onoffer2lizerfrommunicipalwaste
Electricitygenera2onfromsanitarylandfill
WasteWaterTreatment/SewageTreatmentPlant
MethaneRecovery
38
Scope4:BrickKiln
q Brick is oneof thebasic construc2onmaterial andusedallover.
q Contribu2onofBrickindustryis1%tona2onalGDP
q S2ll we are prac2cing tradi2onal Fixed Chimney Kiln(FCK)Technology which has severe impacts. Around 85% ofproducedbrickscomesfromFCK
q Government as well as ADB,WB are encouragingestablishmentofnewtechnologytoconserveenvironment.
39
Scope4:BrickKiln-Classifica2on
Brick Kiln
Fixed Chimney
Kiln (85%) Zigzag (12%)
Hoffman (3%) Tunnel Kiln
40
Scope4:BrickKiln-FCK
q FixedChimneyKilnhasgotcertaindisadvantages:
q Producesmoresmokeandemission
q SOxandNOxemissionisprenyhigh
q Por2onoffirstclassbrickisbelow60%
q Costofproduc2onishigh
q Laborintensivetechnology
q Involvesoccupa2onalhealthandsafetyhazards
41
Scope4:BrickKiln-Opportunity
q Duetogovernmentrestric2onallFCKneedstobeconvertedintoZigzag/Hoffman/TunnelKilntechnology
q LicenseissuedforFCKwillnotberenewedfromnextyear
q Newtechnologyrequiresmoreinvestmentwithflexibleterms
q JCMcanscopeopportuni2esfromhere
q TunnelKilntechnologyisasuitableCPproject
42
Scope5:GreenBuilding
q Inordertomeetcomplianceissue,enhancebrandvalueandto secure addi2onal premium in pricing sponsors of Tex2leandRMGsectorsareconstruc2nggreenbuildings
q United State Green Building Council (USGBC) cer2fied LEEDGreenBuildingsareraisingtheirheadinthecountry
q Duetohighini2alinvestment,sponsorsarefacingbonlenecks
q Presently 64 numbers of buildings have been registered asGreenwithUSGBC
43
Scope5:GreenBuilding
q KeyIssuesofGreenBuilding:
q Sustainablesite
q Airefficiencyandcircula2on’
q Waterefficiency
q Energyefficiency
q Significant amount of carbon credit generated from theseprojectsareratherunu2lizedornotyetdiscivered.
44
Scope6:PolicyandCampaign
q JCMmayalsoscopeopportuni2esin:
q Trainingandawarenessprogram
q Capacitybuildingoflocalstakeholders
q Policy,advocacyknowledgesharing
q Sharingofbestprac2ceallaroundglobe
q Researchanddevelopmentforscopingfurther
q Ensuring the appropriate technologies at an affordablecost
45
Recommenda2onsfromBD
q Followingrecommenda2onsmaybeconsideredforefficientu2liza2onofresourcesofJCM:
q Apart from inves2ng only in transporta2on sector, JCMmayworkoutotherpoten2alsectors
q Investmentcanbemadeopenforall industrycapableofgenera2ngcarboncredit
q Industry belong to local sponsors need to be consideredfordevelopinginawidespreadmanner
q GuidelineonJCMinvestmentinBDneedtobeformulatedbeforestar2ng.
Outcomes of Group Meeting 2 CLEANER PRODUCTION (CP) CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE: A TESTED WAY TO REDUCE
CO2 EMISSION
50
Proactive environmental strategies: Cleaner Production
PrevenOonofWastegeneraOon:
- Goodhousekeeping- Inputsubs2tu2on- Benerprocesscontrol- Equipmentmodifica2on- Technologychange- On-siterecovery/reuse- Produc2onofausefulby-product- Productmodifica2on
52
Cleaner Production Definition
“TheconOnuousapplicaOonofanintegratedprevenOveenvironmentalstrategyappliedtoprocesses,products,andservicestoincreaseoverallefficiencyandreduceriskstohumansandtheenvironment.”
(UnitedNa2onsEnvironmentProgramme)
SCP in relation to ….
• (S) CP = Eco-efficiency
• Energy efficiency is integral part of SCP, thereby also
addressing climate change
• SCP contribute considerable to the implementation of
Multilateral Environmental Agreements
54
CP versus End-of-Pipe approach
CleanerProduc2on
Con6nuousimprovement
Progresstowardsuseofclosedlooporcon6nuouscycleprocesses
Everyoneinthecommunityhasaroletoplay;partnershipsareessen6al
Ac6vean6cipa6onandavoidanceofpollu6onandwaste
Elimina6onofenvironmentalproblemsattheirsource
Involvesnewprac6ces,aAtudesandmanagementtechniquesands6mulatestechnicaladvances
Pollu2onControlandWasteManagementOne-offsolu6onstoindividualproblems
Processesresultinwastematerialsfordisposalapipelinewithresourcesinandwastesout
Solu6onsaredevelopedbyexpertsoFeninisola6on
Reac6veresponsestopollu6onandwasteaFertheyarecreated Pollutantsarecontrolledbywastetreatmentequipmentandmethods Reliesmainlyontechnicalimprovementstoexis6ngtechnologies
55
Cleaner Production and Sustainable Development
ResponsibleEntrepreneurship
Eco-efficiency
CleanerProduc2on
Compliance
GovernmentAgenda
BusinessAgenda
ICC
Charter
EMSEHS
Audi2ng
Sustainabledevelopment
Agenda21
FactorX
Environmentalspace
Time
Sustainability
EconomicInstruments
Co-regulatoryagreements
Command&control
58
Option: Exemplary Utilization of generator exhaust heat running waste heat recovery boiler or absorption chiller Facts: Successfully implemented in many industries and improved efficiency Environmental impact: Efficient usage of fuel confirming less CO2 emission
TRADITIONAL ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
34%
66%
Energy BALANCEOutputElectricEnergy
EnergyWastage
2016/07/07 59
34%ElectricityOutput
1MWGASGENERATOR
TRADITIONAL ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
WITH BIG PLANT EFFICIENCY GO UP
EnergyBALANCE
42%
58%
OutputElectricEnergyEnergyWastage
2016/07/07 60
42%ElectricityOutput
8.7MWGASGENERATOR
BUT58%OFENERGYISPUTONATMOSPHERE
TRADITIONAL ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
61
FUELCONSU
MPT
ION100%
2985kW
ELECTRICAL
POWER
34%
1015kW
TOTALLOSSES
66%
1970kW
LOSSES
66%
1970kW
34%
1015kW
62
Summary of other Options
Option General Fact Potential Environmental Impact
Heat and water recovery from steam condensate
These options have been
implemented, tested in many
industries in Bangladesh
including textiles, RMG etc.
In all these options energy/resource (gas,
diesel, water etc) consumption will be
reduced that will eventually lead to
reduced CO2 emission to the nature
Recovery of heat from generator hot jacket water Heat recovery from hot water in water cooled air compressors
Reduction of energy consumption using inverter control module
63
Summary of other Options
Option General Fact Potential Environmental Impact
Optimization of Natural gas consumption efficiency through burner tuning for boilers
These options have been
implemented, tested in many
industries in Bangladesh
including textiles, RMG
etc.
In all these options energy/resource (gas,
diesel, water etc) consumption will be
reduced that leads to reduced CO2 emission to
the nature
Reduction of power consumption in compressed air system through process optimization
Optimization of Generator efficiency by analyzing load profiles and performance
For CORRECT Application of ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND CHP
Need to KNOW
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
» STEAM » HOT WATER » COLD WATER » ELECTRIC ENERGY
ENERGY TIME DISTRIBUTION
2016/07/07 64
67
STATISTICAL TABLE ON CP BENEFITS FOR TEXTILE SECTOR in Bangladesh
RESOURCE % OF REDUCTION COMMENTS
Ground water 5-35
Natural gas (NG) 5-20
Steam 5-10 Relate to NG
Electricity 3-10 Relate to NG
CO2e emission 5-20 Across NG usage
Collaborative Pathways to Sustainable Resource Management in Urban Bangladesh
Green/CleanTechnologytoLimitEnvironmentalDegradaOon
Outcomes of Group Meeting 3
• MajorurbanareasinBangladesharetheseatsoftheforcesofcivilizaOon.
• DevelopmentaltrendsintheciOes,especiallylargeciOeslikeDhaka,emphasizingenvironmentalmodificaOonsarerathernon-ecological.
• Man-environmentinterfaceinDhakainthewakeofmisdirectedurbandevelopmentthatseriouslyimpairsecologyhasbecomeama[erofconcernfortheenvironmentalists,engineers,andurbanplanners.
• TherapidlygrowingurbanpopulaOoninDhakaanditsoutskirtsiscausing'gradualdegradaOonoflife-supportsystemsincludingair,waterandland'.Hence,enhancingenvironmentalpolluOonposing'problemstohumanhealthandthreateningthegeneralqualityoflife'• Itisunlikelythatalreadybuiltindustrieswouldbeshimedtootherareas,inacountrylikeBangladeshwhereitseconomyislargelydependentonmanyoftheseindustries.
• SofarwehavefailedintakingprevenOvemeasures.Now,shouldwefail,too,totakeanycuraOvemeasures?
UrbanGrowthandPolluOon:
• IndustriesarethebackboneoftheeconomyinBangladesh,andlocatedinciOes.
• ButenvironmentalpolluOonhassurpassedthelimitalongago,forwhichindustriesarethemajorcontributor.
• TheregulatorybodiesaretryingtopreventpolluOon,byenforcinglawsagainstindustrialpolluOon.
• ButstoppingtheseindustriesfromoperaOonwouldhamperthelivelihoodsofmillionsofpeople.
• AtthesameOme,hugepopulaOonofciOesmakingitmoredifficultforcityauthoriOestolimitthepolluOonlevel.
UrbanGrowthandPolluOon:
Howthedilemmacanbesolved:
Regulatorybodiesi.e.DepartmentofEnvironment,Ministriesetcshouldenforcethelawstostopfurtherenvironmentalpollu2on.
Industriesandcommercialins2tu2ons,whoaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalpollu2on,shouldadopttechnologiesthatareenvironmentfriendly:
• Lowcarbonemission• Lowwaterfootprint• UseofRenewableenergy• Recycleandreuse
Butchallengingpartsare:• Efficiencyoftechnologiesused• Economicviability
Whatrolescanexpertsplay:
Itneedsacollabora2onamongallthepar2es(regulatorybodies–industries–academics–ac2vists):
• Academicsshouldworkwithindustriestofindthesolu2on,technology-wise• Carryoutresearchestodevelopaeconomicmodelforthetechnologiesthatinterestbothindustriesandtheenvironment• Awarenesscampaigningtoraisevoiceagainstenvironmentalpollu2onbyregulatorybodiesandenvironmentalists
Aplahormshouldbedevelopedthatwouldplaythebridgingroleamongallthepar2es,andcananchortheini2a2vetowardsitsgoals.