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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA,
BANGALORE.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION
OF
SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
JESSY MOLE A.M
1ST YEAR M.SC NURSING
PAEDIATRIC NURSING
2012-2014
SEA COLLEGE OF NURSING
K.R PURAM, BANGALORE-49
1
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF
SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1 NAME OFTHE CANDIDATE
AND ADDRESS
Mrs. JESSY MOLE A.M
1ST YEAR MSC ( N )
SEA COLLEGE OF NURSING
BANGALORE-49
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION SEA COLLEGE OF NURSING
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND
SUBJECT
M.Sc. NURSING
PAEDIATRIC NURSING
4 DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE
COURSE
29.06.2012
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESSS OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE REGARDING THE IMPACT OF OVER USE OF MOBILE PHONES AMONG HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED SCHOOL,BANGALORE ”.
2
6.0 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY
“Any form of art is a form of power, it has impact, it can affect change-it can not only
move us it makes us move “. - Ossie Davis
Cell phones had started out as a gadget for adults, but they have now become a
necessary item for the entire family. At present, India has 391 million cell phone users. By
the end of 2010, this figure is estimated to rise to 500 million. The health ministry says
talking for too long on a cell phone seriously affect your health. Quoting a small-scale PGI
Chandigarh study, health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad had said that sensorineural deafness
could occur in 30% of people using mobile phones for more than two hours a day over a
two-year period1.
The whole world is gripped by the mobile craze whether it is a student, housewife,
shopkeeper, and rickshaw driver, milkman, professional, rich or poor almost every one
carries cell phone on his/her hand. Many children spend more than 6 hours a day on their
phone in talking testing or playing games. The extensive use of cell phone is making us
addict of the small device. Just like every medicine has its side effects, cell phone also
have some drawbacks. The increased use of mobile phone has increased the magnitude of
potential health risk among its users.2
WHO’s Interphone report, published in the international Journal of Epidemiology, said
heavy users were more at risk of developing glioma tumors who reported phone use on the
3
same side of the head. A survey of almost 13,000 people between 2000 and 2004 found
most mobile phone users did not have an increased risk developing meningioma – a
common and frequently benign tumor – or glioma, a rare but deadlier form of cancer2.
“There were, however suggestions that using mobile phones for more than 30 minutes
each day could increase the risk of glioma. Longer call times appeared to pose a greater
risk than then number of calls made.3
India is world’s second largest market after China based on the mobile subscriber base.
The growth rate of telecom industry in India is one of the highest compared to other
telecom markets in the world. The mobile sector has grown more than tenfold from 2004
to around 392 million subscribers by mid-2009.India is among top 10 nations using smart
phones offering mobile internet ideal for corporate and business professionals, thus there
is increasing usage of cell phone from children to adults.4
According to Docomo Mobile Society Research Institute, an International Comparison
2011 Report- The use of mobile phones by children starts from the age of 8 to 18. Also it
provides a greater understanding of how children use mobile phones, the role mobile
technology plays in parent and child relationships and how children’s social attitudes may
be influenced by its use. New research was conducted with more than 3,500 pairs of
children and parents in Japan, India, Paraguay and Egypt. It shows that nearly 70% of all
children surveyed use of a mobile phone, one in 5children uses a previously- owned
mobile phone and use of new phones such as smart phones is already noticeable among
children upto 14% in Egypt. In Egypt the age at which they get their first mobile phone
peaks at 12years. In Japan, a peak is seen at age 15.In Paraguay and India are higher at 12
4
and 15 years old respectively.5
In USA a survey conducted to asses the level of mobile phone addiction among
adolescents. The study result shows that 30% reported they cannot live with out cell phone
and out of 220 only 3 had met the challenge not using cell phones for three days. The
study concluded that the mobile usage is inevitable among the public and it is very
difficult for the public to live with out mobile phone. Apart from this various benefits of
mobile phone, its over usage leads to mobile phone addiction .The mobile phone addiction
means that, usage of mobiles in a compulsive repeated manner which the person cannot
resist. It is one of the biggest non drug addiction in the world6.
A whole generation of teenagers faces premature senility in the prime of their lives due
to the over use of mobile phones and new wireless technology. The cell phone exposure
can also disrupt the natural electrical activity of a child’s brain for up to an hour afterward.
Children and teens are the fastest growing group of mobile phone users. Children absorb
about 50% more Radiation into their heads than adults, making them much more
susceptible to injury. One Australian report suggests that children absorb harmful
microwaves at 3.3 times the rate of adults.7
A study was conducted to examine use of mobile phones, social networks and academic
performance among high school students in the U.S.A .Heavy mobile phone users
reported that they had a better relationship with their friends and parents. Additionally,
5
frequent mobile users also reported that highly consistent use of their mobile phones
affected their academic performance and learning.8
The children are more attracted for the mobile phones; they are more addicted and
crazy for these mobile phones. The tissues of children’s are tender and allows the
radiation to penetrate the brain tissues deeper and faster. Also the young brain is still in
developing stage. The RF radiation can cause DNA damage, some DNA dies; some
survive deformed and can be transmitted to generations ahead with defects. Children
below 16 years should be discouraged from using mobile phones9. Mobile phones usage
and brain cancer are linked to each other. Using mobile phones for more than 10 years
could double up one’s risk of having brain tumor.10
As every innovation and technology has pros and cons, mobile use also has advantages
and disadvantages. Ignorance of the disadvantage among children has lead to a long way
health hazards. Hence the investigator feels that there is a need to assess the mobile usage
among children and to educate these future young population to minimize or prevent the
impact on ones health.
6
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Reviews form the basis of any study, hence the following reviews were done to
support the study.
1. Literature related to overuse of mobile phones among high school children
2. Literature related to impact of over use of mobile phones among high school
children.
1.Literature related to overuse of mobile phones among high school children
As study was conducted in Britain to find out the extent of use of cell phones by
children and the effect of Cell phone radiations in children among 1,000 British children.
The result showed that 90% of under-16s own a mobile and one in 10 spends more than
45 minutes a day using it. The study concluded that the brain damage is a probability
rather than possibility, children whose start using mobile at young age have a much
greater risk of developing a life threatening disease like Alzheimer’s.11
A descriptive survey was conducted on the impact of excessive use of cell phone by
teens and thereby distracted driving. The samples were 800 American students ages from
12-15yrs.Results revealed that 71% of the students own a cell phone and there is an
increased utility of mobile phone in high school children ie.12yrs old, 53% of 13 yrs old,
72% of 14yrs old, 79% of 15yrs old. Also, 94% call friends, 76% text message, 38% text
message daily. As per the investigators view, their attention as well a perception were
altered by the increased utility of mobiles while driving.12
A survey was done in He- Osaka area in 2008, which showed 29.5%high school students
use their cell phones more than 3 hours a day and found that 8% of female high school
7
students send 100 or more E-mails a day. Another survey found that 50%of high school
students use their cell phones even when their bathing.13
A survey was conducted on cell phone use and their friendships among high school
students in japan. The study revealed that half of the students who use cell phone have
dependency symptoms; other number of students felt that they could not go without cell
phone and more than half of the students were not using cell phones, wanted new one. The
study also reveal that students feel left out socially if they do not have a cell phone.14
According to the most recent Speak Up 2011 report, “Mapping a Personalized Learning
Journey,” which reflects the views of more than 416,000 K-12 students, parents, and
educators nationwide surveyed on how technology can enhance the learning environment.
They survey is produced by Project Tomorrow, an educational non-profit focused on
raising student voices in education policy discussions. The theme for this survey focused
on individualized learning paths. A whopping 45 percent of middle-schoolers and 55
percent of high-schoolers say that they mainly access the Internet through mobile devices.
And access to tablets doubled between 2010 and 2011 – up to 26 percent for middle-
schoolers and 21percent of high-schoolers. These are increasingly important ways that
students can interact with the world, follow their own interests and supplement their
school-based learning.15
2. Literature related to impact of over use of mobile phones among high school
children.
8
A study was conducted to identify the effects of electromagnetic fields on cognitive
processes among 11 participants in Sydney. By using a psycho-physiological test
paradigm, examined the effects of exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive
performance. The result of the study was that 9 of 11 test participants (81.8%) showed
worse results in their auditory discrimination performance. Group data comparison
revealed a statistical significance of P = 0.0105. The study concluded that the participants'
cognitive performance was impaired after exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields.16
A study was conducted to investigate the impact of mobile phones on high school
students of 651 subjects in Tokyo. Each student participant completed a
questionnaire .The response rates were 88.8% (n = 578) for participants. Most of them
exchanged e-mails between schoolmates more than 10 times a day. The study concluded
that keitai having an e-mail function play a big part in the junior high-school students'
daily life, and its impact on students' friendships, psychology, or health.17
A study conducted in Spain, discovered that a cell phone call lasting just two minutes
can alter the natural electrical activity of a child's brain for up to an hour afterwards. The
alteration in brain waves could lead to things like a lack of concentration, memory loss,
inability to learn and aggressive behavior. Prominent Swedish scientist suggests cell
phones and the new wireless technology could cause a "whole generation" of today's
teenagers to go senile in the prime of their lives. It warned that long-term exposure could
potentially lower brain reserve capacity and exposed to medium and high levels of
radiation had an abundance of dead brain cells. The study suggests that this kind of
damage in humans could trigger the early onset of Alzheimer's disease.18
9
A correlational study was done on Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone
use The researcher found that there was a link between cell phone and mental health, it
showed that teens who used cell phones were most likely to be anxious and depressed.19
A survey was conducted to investigate mobile phone use and dependence in Tunisian
high school students. Questionnaires were anonymously distributed to 120 adolescents
looking for the modalities of use of mobiles. SMS dependency was assessed with the
French version of the Igarashi scale. The results shows that excessive use in 31% were
have the perception of excessive use, 33.4% are emotionally attached to their mobile
phone, and 18% of cases maintained exclusive relationship with their mobile phones. This
study demonstrated a prevalence of new addiction to mobile phone among Tunisian high
school students20.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL
10
MODULE REGARDING THE IMPACT OF OVER USE OF MOBILE PHONES
AMONG HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELECTED SCHOOL,BANGALORE”.
6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the knowledge regarding the impact of overuse of mobile phones among
high school children.
2. To assess the effectiveness of self instructional module regarding the impact of
overuse of mobile phones by comparing the pre and post test knowledge scores.
3. To determine the association between post test knowledge scores on impact of
overuse of mobile phones among high school children with selected demographic
variables.
6.4.HYPOTHESIS
H1: There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test
knowledge scores among high school children regarding the impact of
overuse of mobile phone
H2 : There will be a significant association between post test level of
knowledge of high school children and selected demographic variable.
6.5 ASSUMPTIONS:
There will be some knowledge for high school children regarding the impact of over use
of mobile phones.
11
6.6 RESEARCH VARIABLES:
Independent variable- self instructional module regarding the impact of overuse
of mobile phones.
Dependent variable- knowledge of high school children regarding the impact of
overuse of mobile phones.
Demographic variable- age, sex, place of residence, socioeconomic status.
6.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Effectiveness: It refers to the extent to which the self instructional module is
helpful in gaining knowledge by the high school children regarding the impact of
overuse of mobile phones after giving self instructional module which is measured
by difference between pre-test and post test knowledge scores.
Knowledge: In this study it refers to the correct response by the high school
children on impact of overuse of mobile phones measured by structured
knowledge questionnaire.
Impact: It refers to the strong ill effect of overuse of mobile phones among high
school children.
School: It refers to the place where children are educated.
Children: In this study children are referred to age group of 12-15 years studying
from 8th to 10th std.
Self instructional module: It refers to a written material providing information on
impact of overuse of mobile phones.
12
Mobile phones: It refers a portable telephone that connects with the telephone
network over radio wave transmissions.
Overuse: It refers to excessive use of mobile phones more than 30 to 45 minutes
per day.
7.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1SOURCE OF DATA:
The data will be collected from High school children of selected schools in Bangalore.
7.2 METHOD OF COLLECTING DATA
7.2.1Research design :
Quasi -experimental pre-test, post-test design.
7.2.2 Population :
High school children
7.2.3 sample size :
60 sample
7.2.4 Sampling technique :
Simple random technique
7.2.5 criteria for selection of sample
a] Inclusion criteria
1. High school children 12-15 yrs
2. High school children who are willing to participate
b] Exclusion criteria :
1. High school children who are not available at the time of data collection.
13
7.2.6 settings :
This study will be conducted in selected high school Bangalore.
7.2.7 Tools for data collection :
Tool will be divided into 2 sections
Part A : proforma for collecting demographic data
Part B : structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge of high
school children regarding the impact of overuse of mobile phones.
7.2.8 Data collection procedure
Prior to the data collection written permission will be obtained from selected high school
for conducting the study through proper channel. Pretest will be conducted by using
structured questionnaire schedule to assess the knowledge of high school children
regarding the impact of overuse of mobile phones. Then self instructional module on
impact of overuse of mobile phones will be administered to the subjects after assessing
the knowledge. After 7 days post test will be conducted by using same structured
questionnaire.
7.2.9 Data analysis method
The data will be analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. paired’ t test will
be used to examine the effectiveness of self instructional module by comparing the pre test
and post test scores. Chi square test will be used to determine the association of
demographic variables of children with post-test knowledge.
14
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE INVESTIGATION TO BE
CONDUCTED IN PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMALS?
IF SO PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY.
NO
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE HAS BEEN OBTAINED FROM
YOUR INSTITUTION IN CASE OF THE ABOVE?
YES, informed consent will be obtained from concerned subject and authority of
schools. Privacy, confidentiality and anonymity will be guarded. Scientific objectivity of
the study will be maintained with honesty and impartiality.
8.0 REFERENCES
15
1. Mandira.S Indian health ministry commissions on health hazards of cell phones
In Karnataka.2008 Jun;Available from http://www.cellphonebet.com/entry-on-
health-hazards-of-cell phones
2.koutenya. cell overuse can cause brain cancer. Tnn ,2010,may 18.
3.Glioma CM. Where Are You Africa? Church and society in the mobile phone age.
Cameroon: Langua Research & Publishing common Initiative Group; 2011
4.Internet and Mobile association of India.Available form
www.informationmadnness.com/blog
5. www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Ch...
1 Jul 2011 ...
6. LaPorta LD. Cellular telephones: a new addiction? Journal of Psychiatric Times 2006
Oct 1;23(11).
7. Children & Teens are the Fastest Growing Group of Mobile Phone Users
Available from http://www.discoverrealanswers.com/children_and_teens.shtml.
8. Aggrawal JC.development and planning of modern education.4th edition. New Delhi:
Vikas publishing house pvt Ltd; 1993
9. Government warns about ill effects of mobile phone radiation in India. 2008 Jun;
Available from http://www.livemint.com/2008/06/16115148/Govt-warns-about-
illeffects-.html
10. Thomas k Thomas. Kids below 16 may find it hard to own a mobile. business
line.2007 Aug; Available from http://www. business line .com.
16
11.Lief Salford. Probability rather than a possibility. Available from
http://www.discoverrealanswers.com/children_and_teens.shtml
12. . Kamibeppu K, Sugiura H. Impact of the mobile phone on high-school
Students' friendships in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2005
Apr; 8(2):121-30
13. english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2001/.../2001112661188.html
14. Katz JE, Rice RE. Project syntopia : social consequences of internet
use.IT&society,2002 (2) 166-179.Available from URL:htp://www.itandsociety.org/
15. blogs.kqed.org/.../schools-and-students-clash-over-use-o... - United
StatesCached 21 May 2012
16. Maier R, Greter SE, Maier N. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive
processes Acta Neurol Scand. 2004 Jul;110(1):46-52
17. Mary Madden. Teens And Distracted Driving [Online] 2009
November 16[cited2009 December4]:Available
from:URL:http//www.pewinternet.com
18. Taraka Serrano. EMF Radiation and Your Brain. 2006 Nov.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/emf-radiation-brain.html
19. Bianchi,Adriana;Phillips,James G. Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone
use. Cyber psychologyand behavior journal: 2005;vol.8,issue 8,pp no.39-51
20.Halayem S, Nouira O, Bourgou S, Bouden A, Othman S, Halayem M. The mobile: a
new addiction upon adolescents. Tunisian Medical Journal 2010 Aug;88(8):593-6.
17
9 SIGNATURE OF THE
CANDIDATE
10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE THE TOPIC SELECTED FOR THE
STUDY IS RELEVANT AND NEED
BASED.
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
NAME AND DESIGNATION OF
GUIDE
SIGNATURE
CO-GUIDE
SIGNATURE
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Prof Mrs. PRISCILLA NIRMAL
HOD PAEDIATRIC NURSING SEA
COLLEGE OF NURSING.
Mrs. VERNONSIYA
LECTURER PAEDIATRIC NURSING
SEA COLLEGE OF NURSING,
BANGALORE-49.
Prof Mrs .PRISCILLA G NIRMAL
18
11.6 SIGNATURE
12
12.1
REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL
SIGNATURE
THE TOPIC SELECTED FOR THE STUDY IS RELEVANT AND CAN BE FORWARDED FOR NEEDFUL ACTION.
19