NEDO’s Clean Coal Technology Development

for reduction of CO2 emissions

December 6, 2016

Hiroshi SANO

Director, Environment Department

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

(NEDO)

Japan

1

1. Outline of NEDO

2. High Efficiency and Low Emission Technology

3. Development of FCB technology

Contents

2

1. Outline of NEDO

2. High Efficiency and Low Emission Technology

3. Development of FCB technology

3

Outline of NEDO (1/3)

● the Japanese governmental organization

based on NEDO law (2002)

Chairman: Mr. Kazuo Furukawa

Establishment: 1st October 1980

Location: Kawasaki City, Japan

Personnel About 900

Budget Approx. JPY130B

for fiscal year of 2016

● promoting research and development

as well as the dissemination of energy,

environmental and industrial technologies.

3

Kawasaki (Tokyo)

NEDO’s Target Areas

4

5

Outline of NEDO (2/3)

Industry Academia Public research

laboratories

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)

(Consortium)

Coordination with policymaking authorities

Budget

Finance Project Management

Promotion of R&D Public Offering & Application

6

Energy and Environmental Field

Industrial Field

Public Solicitation for Proposal

Activities (4.6 billion yen)

Support for International Expansion

(7.0 billion yen)

Development Support for Practical

Application of Welfare Equipment

(0.1 billion yen)

New Energy

(43.1 billion yen)

Energy Conservation

(10.8 billion yen)

Rechargeable Batteries and

Energy System

(4.8 billion yen)

Clean Coal Technology

(160 million US＄=16.6 billion yen)

Environment and

Resource Conservation

(2.5 billion yen)

Electronics, Information, and

Telecommunications

(14.2 billion yen) Materials and Nanotechnology

(13.5 billion yen) Robot Technology

(6.5 billion yen)

Crossover and Peripheral Field

(0.1 billion yen)

Global Warming Mitigation

Technologies

(3.1 billion yen)

* Due to budget sharing, individual budget amounts shown above do not equal the total.

National Projects (129.8 billion yen)

New manufacturing technology

(2.0 billion yen)

Outline of NEDO (3/3)

7

1. Outline of NEDO

2. High Efficiency and Low Emission Technology

3. Development of FCB technology

Japan’s Shifting Energy Policy

(Oil crises (1973, 1979))

(Adoption of Kyoto Protocol (1997))

(Demand for economic structural reform)

(Enforcement of Kyoto Protocol (2005),

Intensification of competition for natural resources)

Current Strategic Energy Plan (June 2010)

• Ensure energy security by reducing oil

dependence and introducing alternative energy

• Promotion of enegy conservation

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

• Ensuring economic efficiency of energy

through power and gas reforms

• Promoting introduction of alternative energy and

greater energy conservation

• Expansion of non-fossil energy introduction (renewable energy and nuclear power)

• Strengthening resource diplomacy

Securing natural

resources

+ Economic

Efficiency

+ + Environment

Compatibility

Economic

Efficiency

+ + Energy Security Economic

Efficiency

Environment

Compatibility

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

195

31

95

51

95

71

95

91

96

11

96

31

96

51

96

71

96

91

97

11

97

31

97

51

97

71

97

91

98

11

98

31

98

51

98

71

98

91

99

11

99

31

99

51

99

71

99

92

00

12

00

32

00

52

00

72

00

92

01

1

Oil dependence during first oil crisis: 75%

Nuclear power

Natural gas

Coal

Oil

Hydroelectricity

Renewables, etc.

Japan’s Primary Energy Supply

Coal

4%

3%

4%

23%

22%

43%

(in crude oil equivalent kL)

Energy Security

Energy Security

Energy Security

8

The prospect of highly efficient and low-carbon

next-generation thermal power generation technology

65％

60％

55％

50％

45％

40％

Photos by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., and Osaki CoolGen

Corporation

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle

(GTCC) Efficiency: 52%

CO2 emissions: 340 g/kWh

Power generation efficiency

GTFC

IGCC

（Verification by blowing air)

A-USC

Ultra Super Critical

(USC) Efficiency: 40%

CO2 emissions: 820 g/kWh

1700 deg. C-class

IGCC

1700 deg. C-class

GTCC

IGFC

LNG thermal power

Coal-fired thermal

power

2030 Present

Integrated coal Gasification Combined

Cycle (IGCC) Efficiency: 46 to 50%

CO2 emissions: 650 g/kWh (1700 deg. C class)

Target: Around 2020

Efficiency: 46%

CO2 emissions: 710 g/kWh

Target: Around 2016

Advanced Ultra Super

Critical (A-USC)

Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel

Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)

Efficiency55%

CO2 emissions: 590 g/kWh

Target: Around 2025

Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Combined

Cycle (GTFC) Efficiency: 63%

CO2 emissions: 280 g/kW

Technological establishment: 2025

Efficiency : 57%

CO2 emissions: 310 g/kWh

Technological establishment: Around 2020

Ultrahigh Temperature Gas

Turbine Combined Cycle

Efficiency: 51%

CO2 emissions: 350 g/kWh

Target: Around 2017

Advanced Humid Air Gas (AHAT)

Around 2020

Reduction of

CO2 by 20%

Reduction of CO2

by 30% Reduction of CO2 by

10%

The prospect of power generation efficiencies and discharge rates in the above Figure were estimated based on various assumptions at this

moment.

Reduction of CO2 by

20%

9

Low emission

Around 2030 Present Around 2020

CO2 separation and capture cost

Membrane separation method

separates by using

a membrane which

penetrates CO2

selectively.

Low

High

use a solvent, such as amine.

Separation and capture cost: 4200

yen/t-CO2

Chemical absorption method

Physical absorption method

CO2 absorbed into a physical

absorption solution under high pressure.

Separation and capture cost:

Approximately 2000 yen level/t-CO2

Around 2020

Oxygen combustion method

recirculates highly concentrated

oxygen in exhaust gas.

Separation and capture cost:

3000 yen level/t-CO2

Storage of CO2

To store separated and captured CO2 in the ground.

practical realization of CCS technology by around

2020.

The plant for this business is under construction, and

the storage will be initiated in 2016.

Utilization of CO2

This technology utilizes captured CO2 to produce

valuables such as alternatives to oil and chemical

raw material

Solid absorbent method reduces energy requirement and

separate CO2 by combining

amine, etc.

* The cost prospect in the Figure was estimated based on various assumptions at present.

Closed IGCC

the oxygen fuel technology to the

IGCC technology.

For pulverized coal thermal power

For IGCC

10

For high efficiency and

low emission technology

Clean-up of synthesis gas for IGFC

CO2 emissions reduction in iron and

steel industry (COURSE50 Project)

NEDO Projects

IGCC (EAGLE STEP 1) 2006

Low carbonization in iron and steel

industry

Low carbonization

in coal-fired

power generation Development

of CO2

capture

technology

Improvement

of power

generation

efficiency

CO2 capture

& emissions

reduction

Utilization of low rank coal

Drying &

upgrading

Consideration of business model/

Demonstration abroad

2017

2014

2030

2035

2030 - 2050

Establishment of Technology (Year)

Chemical/physical absorption (EAGLE STEP 2 & 3)

Oxy-fuel IGCC

Chemical looping combustion

Development of Clean Coal Technology

Entrained flow steam gasification 2030

11

Reduction of

CO2 by 20%

The prospect of highly efficient and low-carbon

next-generation thermal power generation technology

65％

60％

55％

50％

45％

40％

Photos by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., and Osaki CoolGen

Corporation

Gas Turbine Combined Cycle

(GTCC) Efficiency: 52%

CO2 emissions: 340 g/kWh

Power generation efficiency

GTFC

IGCC

（Verification by blowing air)

A-USC

Ultra Super Critical

(USC) Efficiency: 40%

CO2 emissions: 820 g/kWh

1700 deg. C-class

IGCC

1700 deg. C-class

GTCC

IGFC

LNG thermal power

Coal-fired thermal

power

2030 Present

Integrated coal Gasification Combined

Cycle (IGCC) Efficiency: 46 to 50%

CO2 emissions: 650 g/kWh

(1700 deg. C class)

Target: Around 2020

Efficiency: 46%

CO2 emissions: 710 g/kWh

Target: Around 2016

Advanced Ultra Super

Critical (A-USC)

Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Combined

Cycle (GTFC) Efficiency: 63%

CO2 emissions: 280 g/kW

Technological establishment: 2025

Efficiency : 57%

CO2 emissions: 310 g/kWh

Technological establishment: Around 2020

Ultrahigh Temperature Gas

Turbine Combined Cycle

Efficiency: 51%

CO2 emissions: 350 g/kWh

Target: Around 2017

Advanced Humid Air Gas (AHAT)

Around 2020

Reduction of CO2

by 30% Reduction of CO2 by

10%

The prospect of power generation efficiencies and discharge rates in the above Figure were estimated based on various assumptions at this

moment.

Reduction of CO2 by

20%

12

Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel

Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)

Efficiency: 55%

CO2 emissions: 590 g/kWh

Target: Around 2025

Establishment of IGFC Technology: in 2025 Net Thermal Efficiency: 55%

Efficiency: 46%

EAGLE

Steam Air separation unit

Coal

Air

Oxygen

CO₂ transportation

and storage processes

Shift

reactor

CO2 Capture

Technology

CO2 Capture Technology IGCC Gas clean-up facilities

CO2, H2

Ｈ２

Compressor

Steam

turbine

Gas

turbine

Air

Generator

Stack

HRSG (heat recovery steam generator)

Gasifier

Gasif

icati

on

Combustor

Fuel Cell

Fuel cell

Syngas (CO, H2) CO2

H2 rich gas

Low carbonization in coal-fired power generation

Osaki CoolGen (OCG) Demonstration Project

13

Coal Gasification

Scaling up of IGCC with the results from EAGLE Project

Subsidized by METI

166MW IGCC plant

Syngas Treatment

Osaki CoolGen (OCG) Demonstration Project

14

10 11 13 15 ‘09 12 14 16 17 18 19 20 21

IGCC optimization feasibility study

2nd Stage CO2 Capture IGCC

1st Stage Oxygen-blown IGCC Design ,Construction Operations testing

Design, Construction FS

Design, Construction

Operations testing

FS

22

Operations testing

3rd Stage CO2 Capture IGFC

CO2 capture IGCC is to be demonstrated with the result from EAGLE Project.

IGFC will be demonstrated with the result from the basic research of syngas

clean-up.

The schedule for OCG Demonstration project

15

×

▼Now

16

1. Outline of NEDO

2. High Efficiency and Low Emission Technology

3. Development of FCB technology

17

Unreacted char is burned with air

High temperature bed materials are circulated

Circulation

Steam gasification

Combustor

Gasifier

Fuel

Steam Air

(heat emission)

・Atmospheric pressure ・Low temperature

(heat absorption)

・Components of TIGAR are based on mature Fluidized Bed technology ・The low grade material (lignite, biomass) can be gasified, and applied to chemical raw material, fuel

Applicable Fuel

Coal (lignite)

Wood

Bark

Palm Waste

Bagasse

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

Characteristics of TIGAR

18

Shift Reaction

Synthesis

Synthesis

Liquefaction

Methanol

CH4

H2

PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS

Transportation fuel

Chemical Raw Material

GT,GE fuel (Power generation)

Fuel cell Ammonia(NH3) (Raw materials)

Synthetic Natural Gas

CO+H2

Gas

Liquid

Dimethylether

SYNGAS (CO+H2)

High CO+H2

High Calorific N2-free

APPLICATIONS OF TIGAR®

TIGAR® process can convert low rank coal into various fuels with high calorific value and high value-added chemical raw materials.

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

Characteristics of TIGAR

19

2004~ 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Basic Test 6TPD Pilot Plant

50TPD Prototype Plant EPC Demonstration

Test Commercial

Plant

at present Japanese Government (METI*) Support

*Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Lab Scale Testing

Bench Scale Testing

Pilot Plant Testing

Prototype Plant Testing

Commercialized Scale

Tests of basic reaction rate @IHI Yokohama

Tests of continuous operation @IHI Yokohama

Tests of gasification performance @IHI Yokohama

Tests of overall process long operation performance @PTIGI Indonesia

At Present

Batch 0.1T/D 6T/D 50T/D 300～1000T/D

TIGAR×4units (1reserve)

Coal feed : 3000 T/D

(Substantially NH3 : 1000 T/D)

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

Development of TIGAR

NEDO Support

20

＜Plant site＞

＜50t/d 3D bird’s view＞

Purpose

＜50t/d plant spec＞

①Check the maintenance durability in long

operation （Total 4,000 hr operation）using

Indonesia lignite.

②Confirmation of TIGAR performance and

reliability, and reflect in commercial plant

engineering.

③Demonstration of TIGAR gasification

technology for future clients.

Coal feed rate 50 t/d （as received,

43% moisture）

Syngas output 1,800 m3N/h-dry

Steam

generation

4.5 t/h (2.0MPaG,

513deg.C)

Site area 100m × 80m

Jakarta

IHI Cilegon factory

PT Pupuk Kujang (About 75km from Jakarta)

Java, INDONESIA

Easy access

for site visit

Easy access

for maintenance

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

50t/d Demonstration at Indonesia

for IEA F uture’s B rilliant C ooperation

●Puertollano （Spain,318MW,1997）

×Buggenum （Netherland,284MW,1994）

●Polk Power （US,315MW,1996）

●Wabash River （US,296MW,1995）

2005 2020 1995 2000 2015 2010 1990

Edwardsport ● (US,618MW,2013～）

Taean ● (Korea,400MW,2015）

Teeside △ （GB,2018, 850MW, 4.2Mtpa）

Don Valley Hatfield △ （GB,2018, 650MW, 4.75Mtpa）

Green Gen● (China,2013, 250−400MW, 2Mtpa） IGCC

IGCC

IGCC＋CCS

HECA △ (US,2018, 400MW, 3Mtpa）

Kemper ● （US,2015, 582MW, 3.5Mtpa）

Cash Creek New Gas △ (US,2018, 770MW, 5Mtpa）

Osaki CG ○ （Japan,2021〜, 166MW, 0.3Mtpa）

※IGCC:2017〜 IGCC+CCS:2019〜

Nakoso ● (Japan,250MW,2007～）

Summit △ （US,2018, 400MW, 2Mtpa）

７00m

1500m

Hirono、 Nakoso △

(Japan,each 500MW,2020～）

IGFC

Nov. 2012 Tianjin IGCC Put into Operation

• First 250MW IGCC in China

• First 2000t/d Dry Coal Powder

Gasifier in China

•Design, Construction, Commission

and Operation by CHNG

World present development of IGCC-CCS

●Improvement of gasification technology

●Higher efficiency, realization of CCS and

lower cost

Many demonstration plants are planned in

the world

【Example of Project】

Kemper

・US Southern Company

・Power output 582MW

・Operation start 2016

・Capture capacity3.0Mtpa

Green Gen

・China GreenGen

・Power output 250～400MW

・Operation start 2013

●:Operating

○:Constructing

△:Planning × :Finished

:Japanese Pj.

22

The highest level of thermal efficiency and the lowest CO2 emissions by

USC.

The longest history of utilizing USC technology.

Impressive track record of thermal efficiency as well as high load factor

by lots of O&M experience.

2020 Year

2015 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990

Japan

China

Korea

Taiwan

Indonesia

2015

1993

2006

2008

2016

Long history

of USC

experience

According to METI FS research 2010 & 2011.

EU 2002

2015

Gross thermal efficiency (%, HHV)

Coal-fired power plant in Japan

Coal-fired power plant in a country

Years in operation

Maintaining High Efficiency

Degradation of Efficiency

◆

According to The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan

Dissemination of Japanese Clean Coal Technology

Japanese High-efficiency CCT

23

Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge:

Large Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident

24

(As of May 16th, 2013)

Casualties: over 46,000

(As of March 8, 2012)

・Dead: over 15,854

・Missing: over 3,203

・Injured: over 26,992

Evacuees: over 343,935

Damage

25

Constructed as a 4-year demonstration project (FY2004–2007)

Technical feature = MPQM (Multiple Power Quality Microgrid)

Desirable power quality varies from customer to customer.

MPQM enables power supply by different levels of power

quality according to each customer’s needs within the area.

PV Panels 50 kW

(IPS) Integrated

Power Supply DVR

200 kVA

PAFC 200 kW

Gas Engine Generators 350 kW x2

Sendai City

Sendai Micro Grid

Sendai Micro-grid project

26

●Energy diversity (Gas engine, PV, Co-

generation)

●Back up battery for power outages

●Demonstration of Device, System,

Facility

●Operation

27

Success Factor of Sendai Micro-gird