NOT Training Program

ULTRASONIC METHOD

ASNTContinuingEducationIn NondestructiveTesting

The American Society for Nondestructive Testing

PREPARED BY: George L. PherigoDjrecto~ of EducationAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.

REVIEWED AND EDITED BY THE FOLLOWING MEMBERS OF THEEDUCATIONAL COUNCIL OF ASNT:

Boyd W. BrownArgonne Na!ional Labora tory

Kinney C. McKeelGeneral Electnc Co.

W. C. MorreyEbasco Services

Philip A.OikleYankee Atomic Electric Co.

Alien ReynoldsStone & Webster Corp.

Ward D. RummelMartin Marietta Corp.

A. J. SchwarberLawrence Livermore Laboratories

Albert L. SmithWestinghouse Hanford Co.

John l. SummersRockwell International

Paul H. Todd, Jr.Martin Marietta Corp.

Published by The American Society tor Nondestructive Testing4153Arlingate Plaza Caller M28518 Columbus. Ohio 43228

Copyright© 1980 by the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.All rights reserved.

Portions of this manual have been taken f ram the General Dynamics Corpora tion 'sClassroom Training Handbook CT-6-4. UltrasonIc TestIng. and Programmed InstructionHandbooks PI-4-1, IntroductIon, and PI-4-4. Ultrasonic Testing. These portions aresubject to General Dynamics Corporation·s copyright 1967.

Printed in the United States of AmerIca

Ultrasonic MethodNDT Training Program Students Guide

Table of Contents

PageIntroduction iRelated Reading Outline ii

Lesson 1 1Quiz 5

Lesson 2 7Worksheet 15Quiz 17

Lesson 3 19Worksheet #1 27Worksheet #1 29Worksheet #2 31Quiz 33

Lesson 4 35Worksheet #1 .45Worksheet #1 .47Quiz 49Quiz 51

Lesson 5 53Worksheet #1 61Worksheet #1 63Quiz 65Quiz Continued 67

Lesson 6 69Worksheet #1 75Worksheet #1 77Quiz 79

Pag!Lesson 7 B"

Worksheet #1 B!

Quiz 9

Lesson 8 9:Quiz 10'

Lesso n 9 1O~

Worksheet #1 11~Quiz 11~

Lesson 10 12"Worksheet #1 12~Worksheet #1 13·Work~heet #2 '" 13~Quiz 13f

Lesson 11 13iWorksheet #1 14:Worksheet #1 14/Quiz 14~

Lesson 12 , 151Worksheet #1 157Quiz 15SQuiz 161

Lesson 13 16:3Qu iz , 17:2

Lesson 14 17~Quiz 1n

INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE

NOT TRAINING PROGRAM

ULTRASONIC METHOD

I. INTRODUCTION 10- THE ULTRASONIC TRAINING PACKAGE..

The training materials in this package are designed to provide a basic knowledge of the fundamentalsof ultrasonic testing. The training program should contain the following classroom hours to adequate­ly present the information suggested in the ASNT publication, SNT- TC-1A, Recommended Practice,June 1980 edition.

Level I training will include lectures on all 14 lessons with an average of approximately 2.9hours per lesson. Emphasis by the instructor should be given to lessons 1-8 which cover thebasic principles and applications of the ultrasonic method.

If the training program is aimed at meeting the guidelines for Level I, the instructor can follow the lec­ture guide closely with very little elaboration or explanation. If advanced training is to be given, the in­structor should require additional outside reading with ~lass discussions and should present personalinformation to elaborate on the lecture guide outline. Each program can be easily expanded and islimited only by the instructor's experience and expertise.

The materials in this course are designed tor use in a typical classroom training situation with an idealclass size of 5-25 students. The instructor will lecture on afllessons with the aid of the lecture guidetransparencies provided.

11. CONTENTS OF TRAINING PACKAGES

The instructor selected to teach the course need not be a professional educator. However, the in­structor should have expertise in the ultrasonic method. The instructor should be familiar with allmaterials before attempting to teach the course.

The following breakdown of the materials and their functions should be carefully studied.

,. STUDENT PACKAGE - Each package contains the following:A. Student'. Guide whiCh describes the course and provides a lesson outline.

B. 1 Classroom Training Handbook which serves as the major text for the training course(CT-6-4).

C. 14 individual lecture guide packets which provide an outline 01 the ultrasonic test instruc­tion.

D. 1 packet of exams (One exam is furnished for each of the 13 lessons in the training course.)

2. INSTRUCTOR PACKAGE - Each package contains the following:A. Instructor's Guide which provides instructions to the instructor in preparing for and admin­

istering this course.B. 1 Classroom Training Handbook (CT-S-4) which is used by the instructor as the main

resource text.

C. 14 Individual lecture guide packets which are identical to those received by the student.D. 14 Individual lecture guide transparency packets which are used by the instructor as a

basis for the lectures. (See Part IIf of this guide)E. 1 packet of exam keys which,provide the Questions and answers for all exams in the 14

lessons.F. 1 Special pen for marking on the transparencies.G. Sample Certificates availatle from ASNT HeadQuarters for purchase.H. (optional) 1.et of Ultrasonic Testing Fllmstrips which would be extremely useful to the in­

structor in providing continuity and professionalism to the presentation.I. (optional)1 Programmed Instruction Handbook PI•.•·1.J. (optional) Programmed Instruction Handbooks PI·4·4 (Vot. I, 11,Ill). This may be useful to

the instructor as a review for most of the lecture guide package.

Ill. SUGGESTED USE OF INSTRUCTOR LECTURE GUIDE TRANSPARENCIES

1. The transparencies can be used on any standard overhead projector.

2. The information on the transparency is identical to the student lecture guide contained in the stu·dent packet. The "Lecture Guide Transparencies" are intended to serve as memory jogger. forthe instructor and should not be used a•• strtct outline or scrtpt.A. The instructor should cover the overhead projector with a sheet of heavy pape~ and lower it

under the transparency after each item is discusse.d. A special pen is enclosed for use as apointer and writing on the transparent sheet.

B. The instructor should elaborate and discuss supplemental information whenever it is perti­nent.

C. Prior to the lecture. the instructor may wish to record some additional information on the lec­ture guides. This could either be done directly on the·transparencies or on the instructor'ss~t9f lecture guides.

D. Students should be encouraged to follow along in their set of lecture guides and write in addi­tional information when it is given. Discussions and questions should be encouraged as theinstructor proceeds through the lessons.

IV. SUGGESTED USE OF CLASSROOM TRAINING HANDBOOK

1. The Classroom Training Handbook (CT-6-4) is the major reference for this ultrasonic trainingcourse. Additional information from The Programmed Instruction Handbook (PI-4-4) is sometimesadded to the lecture notes, and the instructor may wish to review this source.

2. Reading assignments should be given to the students to correlate with lectures. The ClassroomTraining Handbook (CT-6-4) follows the lessons in this training course in the following order:

Pages

Lesson 1

Applications, Training, and CertificationCT-6-4, Chapter 1

allSNT-TC-1A

all

Lesson 2Ultrasonic Prlnc/pl.s

CT-6-4, Chapter 22-5 to 2-8

PI-4-4, Volume 1, Chapter 1all

PI-4-4, Volume 1, Chapter 22-1 to 2-6

Lesson 3

Equipment ControlsCT-6-4. Chapte r 2

2-8 to 2-16PI-4-4, Volume '. Chapter 5

allPI-4-4, Volume 2. Chapter 4

4-' to 4-60

Lesson 4Wave Propagation, R."ectlon, and Refraction

CT-6-4, Chapter 22-16 to 2·31

PI-4-4, Volume " Chapter 3all

Lesson 5

Coup/ants, Material Charact.rlst/cs, S.am Spre.dCT-6-4, Chapter 2

2-26 to 2·36PI-4-4, Volume 1, Chapter 6

allPI-4-4, Volume 2, Chapter 2

all

Lesson 6

Attenuation, Impedance, and ResonanceCT-6-4, Chapter 2

2-32 to endPt~-4, Volume 1, Chapters 2 & 4

allPI-4-4. Volume 2, Chapter 4

4-61 to end

~~'.'S':s.- .

~~~~c;f

Lesson 7 Scr •• n Present.tlons, Angle S.am Inspection withUT CalculatorCT·6-4. Chapter 3

3-3 to 3·' 2

PI·4-4, Volume', Chapter 5

all

PI-4·4, Volume 2, Chapter 5

allPI·4-4, Volume 3, Chapter 3

3-60 to end

Lesson 8

Transducers, Standard R.lerence Block.CT-S-4. Chapter 3

3-'2 to end

PI·4-4, Volume 2. Chapters , & 3

all

Lesson 9

Immersion InspectionCT-6-4, Chapter 4

4·1 to 4-18PI-4·4, Volume 3, Chapters 4 & 5

all

Lesson 10

Contact Testing, Longitudinal & She., Wav•• ,$ne//'. LawCT·6·4, Chapter 4

4-19 to 4-28PI-4-4, Volume 3. Chapters , & 2

all

Lesson 11

Applications of Angl. S•• m Contact T•• tlngCT·6-4, Chapter 4

4..'9 to 4-31PI-4..4, Volume 3, Chapter 3

all

Lesson 12

Nonr./erant Ultrasonic IndicationsCT-6-4, Chapter 4

4-32 to endPI-4-4. Volume 3. Chapter 6

all

Lesson 13

Classification of Discontlnult/es In UTCT-6-4. Chapter 7

7-1 to 7-7PI-4 ..' t Chapters 1 through 7

all

Lesson 14

Identltlcatlon and Comparison of Dlscont/nult/e.CT-S-4, Chapter 7

7-8 to end

v. SUGGESTED USE OF EXAM AND KEYS

,. It is suggested that the exam packet be removed before the student is issued his/her package oftraining materials.

2. Exams can be given at the end of the lecture or at the beginning of the next lecture period. Thenumber of exams given at one time wilt depend on the number of lessons covered. Exams can be

corrected in class and should be discussed briefly with the students. Dontt permit lengthy argu­ments about interpretation of questions, etc.

3. The exam questions in this package are not intended for use in the certification of NOT personnel.They are simply teaching tools to aid the instructor in presenting the material. If examinations forcertification are needed, it is suggested that the instructor obtain a copy of SNT-TC-1A and followthis recommended practice (Paragraph 8, SNT ..TC-1 A).

4. If the instructor so chooses. the exam results could be used to arrive at a percentile score thatcould be recorded on the students' certificate of completion along with the number of coursehours. Blank certificates are available from ASNT.

VI. SUGGESTED USE OF RADIOGRAPHIC FILMSTRIPS (optional)1. The filmstrips are professionally produced and will add depth and clarity to. the instructor's pre·

sentation. The ultrasonic filmstrips are available from the ASNT catalog and consist of 8 separatestrips each with an audio cassette. The use of the filmstrips are optional but can be used to sup·plement the lessons as follows:

UT-Lesson 1

UT·Lesson 2UT-Lesson 3UT-Lesson 4UT-Lesson 5UT-Lesson 6UT-Lesson 7UT·Lesson 8

UT-Lesson 9

UT-Lesson 10

UT-Lesson 11UT-Lesson 12

Fllmstrlp • IntroductionF Ilmstrip M 1Fllmstrlp 115Fllmstrlp 113Fllmstrlp 112 (1st 3/4)

Fllmstrlp 112 (last 1/4)Fllmstrip 116Fllmstrip 114 (last 1/4)

Fllmstrlp 114 (1st 3/4)

Fllmstrlp 117

Advantages and limitations of UTTheory of UT and basic terminologyPulse·echo testing systemsWave propagation and Snell's LawPiezoelectricity and beam spread

Transduce r constructionUse of calibration blocks

Advantages and limitations ofimmersion testing compared tocontact testingMethods and techniques of contacttesHng

Special applications and nonretevantindications

VII. SUGGESTED USE OF PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION HANDBOOKS (option. I),. The instructor may wIsh to read PI-4-4 as a personal review of the ultrasonic testing funda­

mentals.

2. Some information in the lecture guides was taken from the programmed instruction handbooks.

3. As some students may learn more effectIvely from the programmed instruction approach, the in­structor may also wish to assign reading from PI-4-4 (Vol. It 11, and Ill).

4. The programmed instruction handbooks contain many questions and answers that may be of useto the instructor.

VIII. DEMONSTRATIONS AND/OR LAB EXERCISES

, . It is highly recommended that the instructor make every effort to provide the student with somepractical experience In ultrasonIC testing. The depth of practical exercIses will depend on thetime, equipment, and facilities that are available.

2. As a minimum, the instructor should bring an ultrasonic instrument and searCh unit into theclassroom for demonstration purposes.

3. The instructor should use whatever resources are available to collect sample parts that will repre­sent a variety of applicatons.

4. If time. equipment. and facilities are available. each student should be given as much hands.onexperience as possible. Where practical, a variety of t~b stations should be set Up. each with a dif­ferent ultrasonic application. The student should then be rotated through each station With asmany resource people as pOSSible available to help answer specific Questions Ultrasonic equIp.ment manufacturers may be helpful In supplying a, vanety of test equIpment.

5. Where the instructor finds that all students are from a speCific type of Industry (e.g. aircraft. foun.dry, welding), the demonstratIons and lab work should be deSIgned accordingly.