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Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 1
6
2552
,
IndianaStateUniversity,UniversityofGeorgia,VinhUniversity,
University of Applied Science, Neubrandenburg ,
(.) TOT ()
2
17 - 18 2552
(.)
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 2
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 3
1. 1.1 .. 1.2 ..
1.3 .. 1.4 ..
1.5 .. 1.6 ..
1.7 .. 1.8 ..
1.9 .. 1.10 ..
1.11 .. 1.12 .
1.13 . 1.14 .
1.15 . 1.16 .
1.17 . 1.18 .
1.19 . 1.20 ..
1.21 .. 1.22 ..
1.23 .. 1.24 ..
1.25 .. 1.26 ..
1.27 .. 1.28 ..
1.29 .. 1.30 ..
1.31 .. 1.32 ..
1.33 . 1.34 .
1.35 . 1.36 .
1.37 . 1.38 .
1.39 . 1.40 .
1.41 . 1.42 .
1.43 . 1.44 .
2. 2.1 ..
2.2 ..
2.3 ..
2.4 .
2.5 .
2.6 .
2.7
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 5
2
The 2nd National Conference of Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
17 18 2552
17 2552
08.3009.30.
09.0010.00. /
.....TOT
( 4B)
10.0011.00. TeachingScientificInquiryinthe
AgeoftheGlobalWarmingCrisis
Dr.NormanF.Thomson:UniversityofGeorgia
( 4B)
11.0012.00.
.
( 4B)
12.00-13.00.
13.00-16.30. Workshop:TeachingScientificInquiry:Whatcanwe
learnfromskulls?
Dr.NormanF.Thomson:UniversityofGeorgia
( 4C)
13.00-16.30.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 6
17 2552
13.00 - 17.00 .
1.
(Sc1-8)
2. //
26312(H1-12)
3. /
26311(Ed1-11)
4.
(C1-11)
5. 26307 (C 12-22)
6. /
4B(G1-11)
7.
18 2552
09.00 - 17.00 .
1. 4C(C23-42)
2. (C43-62)
3. 26307(C52-71)
4. (C72-78)
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 7
6
1.
17182552 08.3016.00.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2. /
172552 08.3016.00.
182552 09.00.
10.0016.00.
3.
172552 08.30
572
80
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.
17182552 08.3015.30.
4.1
4.2/
4.3/
4.4
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 9
Sche
dule
17
18
255
2
0
9.30
1
6.00
.
1
1P1
09.3016.00.
2P2
09.3016.00.
3P3
09.3016.00.
4P4
09.3016.00.
5P5
09.3016.00.
6P6
09.3016.00.
7P7
09.3016.00.
8P8
09.3016.00.
9P9
(TiO2)
09.3016.00.
10P1
0
09.3016.00.
11P1
1
09.3016.00.
12P1
2
09.3016.00.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 10
Sche
dule
17
255
2
1
3.00
1
5.40
.
3
1Sc1
105
13.0013.20.
2Sc2
:
13.2013.40.
3Sc3
13.4014.00.
4Sc4
14.0014.20.
5Sc5
14.2014.40.
6Sc6
(LMS)
(P
BL)
14.4015.00.
7Sc7
15.0015.20.
8Sc8
15.2015.40.
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 11
Sche
dule
/
/
17
255
2
1
3.00
1
7.00
.
2
6312
3
1H1
13.0013.20.
2H2
13.2013.40.
3H3
13.4014.00.
4H4
:
14.0014.20.
5H5
..2416-
..2
542
14.20-14.40.
6H6
Lifeinth
eIron-Mills
14.4015.00.
7H7
15.0015.20.
8H8
15.2015.40.
9H9
15.4016.00.
10H10
16.0016.20.
11H11
16.2016.40.
12H12
16.4017.00.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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Sche
dule
/
17
255
2
1
3.00
1
7.00
.
2
6311
3
1Ed
1
13.0013.20.
3Ed
2
:
13.4014.00.
4Ed
3
14.0014.20.
5Ed
4
1-7
14.2014.40.
6Ed
5
14.4015.00.
7Ed
6
1-7
15.0015.20.
8Ed
7
15.2015.40.
9Ed
8
7
15.4016.00.
10Ed
9
16.0016.20.
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 13
11Ed
10
16.2016.40.
12Ed
11
16.4017.00.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 14
Sche
dule
17
255
2
1
3.00
1
6.40
.
3
1C1
13.0013.20.
2C2
13.2013.40.
3C3
1
13.4014.00.
4C4
2
14.0014.20.
5C5
2
14.2014.40.
6C6
14.4015.00.
7C7
1
15.0015.20.
8C8
2
15.2015.40.
9C9
(Processes)
15.4016.00.
10C10
4
16.0016.20.
11C11
16.2016.40.
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 15
Sche
dule
17
255
2
1
3.00
1
6.40
.
2
6307
3
1C12
HouseandHom
e
4
13.0013.20.
2C14
13.2013.40.
3C15
4
13.4014.00.
4C16
1
14.0014.20.
5C17
1
14.2014.40.
6C18
4
14.4015.00.
7C19
3
15.0015.20.
8C20
6
15.2015.40.
9C21
4
15.4016.00.
10C22
16.0016.20.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 16
Sche
dule
/
17
255
2
1
3.00
1
6.40
.
4 B
4
1G1
13.0013.20.
2G2
13.2013.40.
3G3
13.4014.00.
4G4
14.0014.20.
5G5
14.2014.40.
6G6
14.4015.00.
7G7
15.0015.20.
8G8
2
15.2015.40.
9G9
:
1,23
15.4016.00.
10G10
16.0016.20.
11G11
16.2016.40.
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 17
Sche
dule
18
255
2
0
9.00
1
6.40
.
4 C
4
1C23
09.0009.20.
2C24
5
09.2009.40.
3C25
1
09.4010.00.
4C26
410.0010.20.
5C27
6
10.2010.40.
6C28
3
10.4011.00.
7C29
6
11.0011.20.
8C30
3
11.2011.40.
9C31
5
5
11.4012.00.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 18
10C32
Prepositions
13.0013.20.
11C33
2
13.2013.40.
12C34
13.4014.00.
13C35
4
14.0014.20.
14C36
4
14.2014.40.
15C37
6
14.4015.00.
16C38
2
15.0015.20.
17C39
1
15.2015.40.
18C40
15.4016.00.
19C41
2
16.0016.20.
20C42
1
16.2016.40.
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 19
Sche
dule
18
255
2
0
9.00
1
2.00
.
3
1C43
1
09.0009.20.
2C44
09.2009.40.
3C45
1
09.4010.00.
4C46
1
10.0010.20.
5C47
2
10.2010.40.
6C48
1
10.4011.00.
7C49
1
11.0011.20.
8C50
2
11.2011.40.
9C51
1
11.4012.00.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 20
Sche
dule
18
255
2
0
9.00
1
6.40
.
2
6307
3
1C52
1
09.0009.20.
2C53
09.2009.40.
3C54
4
09.4010.00.
4C55
1
10.0010.20.
5C56
2
10.2010.40.
6C57
2
10.4011.00.
7C58
11.0011.20.
8C59
3
11.2011.40.
9C60
2
11.4012.00.
10C61
1
13.0013.20.
11C62
2
13.2013.40.
12C63
13.4014.00.
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 21
13C64
3
14.0014.20.
14C65
1
14.2014.40.
15C66
4
14.4015.00.
16C67
1
15.0015.20.
17C68
1
15.2015.40.
18C69
2
15.4016.00.
19C70
16.0016.20.
20C71
16.2016.40.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 22
Sche
dule
18
255
2
0
9.00
1
1.20
.
3
1C72
(
)
2
09.0009.20.
2C73
4
09.2009.40.
3C74
2
09.4010.00.
4C75
6
10.0010.20.
5C76
5
10.2010.40.
6C77
10.4011.00.
7C78
1
11.0011.20.
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 23
P1 3
P2 11
P3 19
P4 29
P5 34
P6 44
P7 50
P8 58
P9 (TiO2) 63
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 24
P10 71
P11 76
P12 79
Sc1 105 89
Sc2 101
:
Sc3 111
Sc4 121
Sc5 126
Sc6 (LMS) 132
(PBL)
()
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 25
Sc7 140
Sc8 146
/ /
H1 161
H2 171
H3 180
H4 : 188
H5 ..2416-..2542 197
H6 LifeintheIron-Mills 210
H7 223
H8 233
()
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 26
H9 240
H10 249
H11 260
H12 269
Ed1 281
Ed2 289
:
Ed3 306
Ed4 318
1-7
()
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 27
Ed5 333
Ed6 345
1-7
Ed7 357
Ed8 367
7
Ed9 377
Ed10 386
Ed11 397
()
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 28
C1 411
C2 419
C3 427
1
C4 436
2
C5 446
2
C6 458
C7 1 475
C8 2 484
()
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 29
C9 (Processes) 494
C10 4 500
C11 507
C12 513
HouseandHome4
C14 523
C15 4 530
C16 538
1
C17 1 548
C18 4 556
C19 564
3
()
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 30
C20 575 6
C21 582 4
C22 592
C23 600
C24 5 608
C25 1 613
C26 4 623
C27 631 6
C28 636 3
()
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 31
C29 648
6
C30 655
3
C31 55 661
C32 Prepositions 671
C33 2 681
C34 692
C35 703
4
C36 714
4
C37 722
6
()
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 32
C38 730
2
C39 738
1
C40 746
C41 752
2
C42 1 762
C43 769
1
C44 777
C45 784
1
C46 790
1
()
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 33
C47 797
2
C48 805
1
C49 816
1
C50 823
2
C51 831
1
C52 840
1
C53 847
C54 856
4
C55 864
1
()
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 34
C56 873
2
C57 2 881
C58 889
C59 897
3
C60 906
2
C61 1 914
C62 2 922
C63 929
C64 937
3
()
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 35
C65 1 944
C66 4 953
C67 1 961
C68 1 971
C69 979
2
C70 987
C71 994
C72 () 1002
2
C73 1013
4
()
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
A - 36
C74 2 1021
C75 1032
6
C76 5 1040
C77 1050
C78 1 1058
/
G1 1067
G2 1072
G3 1080
G4 1089
G5 1102
()
Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
A - 37
()
G6 1111
G7 1121
G8 1133
2
G9 : 1147
1,23
G10 1159
G11 1169
1181
80 5 2552
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
1
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
2
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
3
Determination of Antioxidants of Mushroom Extracts
1,* 2 2
Patcharaporn Pimchan,1,* Aunsorn Tipjarern2 and Wilawan Pomchum3
DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) BHA
(3(2)-t-Butyl-4-hydroxy anisole) 5 5
1000 ppm 80.20, 77.88, 75.30, 74.80 73.20 IC50 56.82, 46.06, 151.41,45.6 134.20 ppm
1000 ppm 80.98, 78.16, 77.88, 76.61 73.26
IC50 136.69, 67.90, 204.54, 158.69 331.47 ppm 5
: , , DPPH, BHA
ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the antioxidants of the five fresh and dry mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr)
Sing, Lentinus polychrous Lev, Tremella fusiformis Berk, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont and Volvariella vovacea (Bull.Ex.Fr.) Sing) by the reaction of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) with BHA as standards reagent. The percentage radical scavenging of fresh-mushroom extractions at 1,000 ppm of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont, Lentinus polychrous Lev, Tremella fusiformis Berk, Volvariella vovacea (Bull.Ex.Fr.) Sing and Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr) Sing were observed at 80.20, 77.88, 75.30, 74.80 and 73.20, respectively and IC50 were observed at 56.82, 46.06, 151.41, 45.60 and 134.20, respectively. The extractions from dry mushrooms at 1,000 ppm obtained the percentage radical scavenging at 80.98, 78.16, 77.88, 76.61 and 73.26 and IC50 at 136.69, 67.90, 204.54, 158.69 and 331.47 ppm for Volvariella vovacea (Bull.Ex.Fr.) Sing, Lentinus polychrous Lev, Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr) Sing, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont and Tremella fusiformis Berk, respectively Comparisons of the five types reveals that the effectiveness ofantioxidant of fresh mushroom extracts was higher than that of the extractions from dry mushrooms. Keywords: antioxidant, mushrooms, DPPH, BHA 1,* / 2 /
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
4
(mushroom)
(Fungi)
3 ,800 2,000
1 2
( , 2545)
(Antioxidant)
IC50 5
DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) BHA (3(2)-t-Butyl-4-hydroxy anisole)
1. 5
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
5
2.
DPPH assay 3.
5
4. 3
1. 1. -
(UV-visible Spectrophotometer) 2. (Rotary vacuum
evaporator) 3. (Freeze dry) 4. 4 5. (Blender) 6. (Desiccators) 7. (Oven) 2. 1. (Funnels) 2. (Filter paper) 3. (Volumetric flask) 4. (Test tubes) 10, 25
100 5. (Erlenmeyer flasks) 125
250 6. (Pipette) 1 2 7. (Micro-pipet) 1,000
8. (Beakers) 50 100
9. (Cylinder) 50 10. (Glass stirring) 11. (Spatula) 12. (Watch glass) 13. (Aluminum
foil) 14. 3. 1. 2,2-diphyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
2. 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) 3. 95% (95%Ethanol)
1
( ) 1)
100 2) 95% 150
1
3) 42
4) (Rotary vacuum
evaporator) Freeze dry
5)
70-100 C 12 ()
3.
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
6
BHA DPPH
1) DPPH radical 0.1 95 %
2) BHA 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10.00, 100.00, 1000.00
ppm 3) (DPPH) DPPH 0.1 1 95 % 1
4) BHA 6
DPPH 0.1 1: 1
30 5) (Absorbance)
517 UV visible Spectrophotometer 6) DPPH
517 (Absorbance)
7) (% radical scavenging)
= A517nmSample =
DPPH 30 A517nm DPPH =
DPPH 8)
Linear Regression
IC50 ( IC50
DPPH ) 9) 5
2-8 ( BHA 5 )
BHA DPPH BHA
1) BHA BHA 0.01, 0.1, 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 1000.00 ppm
1
1 BHA
sample BHA
Conc. (ppm)
% radical scavenging
1 1000.00 96.21 2 100.00 94.89 3 10.00 93.25 4 1.00 54.20 5 0.10 8.57 6 0.01 6.75
DPPH Control 0.00
BHA 1000 ppm
96.21 antioxidant BHA
1001517
517
DPPHsample
nm
nm
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
7
1000 ppm 98.67 ( , 2546)
1
1 BHA
BHA 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 1000.00 ppm
6.75, 8.57, 54.20, 93.25, 94.89 96.21
IC50 1.19 ppm 2)
5
( )
517 nm 1,000 ppm DPPH
0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 1000.00 ppm
IC50 BHA 2
2 1,000 ppm
IC50
%Radical IC50 %Radical IC50
73.20 134.2 77.88 204.54 77.60 46.06 78.16 67.90
80.20 56.82 76.61 158.69 75.30 151.41 73.26 331.47
74.80 45.60 80.98 136.69
DPPH 1,000 ppm
IC50
2
IC50
2
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
8
IC50 IC50
IC50
IC50
3
3 IC50
(L. Barros et al., 2008)
IC50
2
1000 ppm
5 95%
DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)
BHA
50 (IC50) 1.19 ppm IC50 BHA
DPPH
5 ( )
1000 ppm
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
9
73.20, 77.88, 77.60, 78.16, 80.20, 76.61, 74.80, 80.98, 75.30 73.26 IC50 134.20, 204.54, 46.06, 67.90, 56.82, 158.69, 45.60, 136.69, 151.41 331.47 ppm
5
5 DPPH
( , 2546)
1.
2.
3.
. (2547).
. . : .
. (2550). . . . ( ) . : .
.(2546). 5 . . . : .
. (2548). . . . ( ). : .
. (2534). . .
. (2548). . . . ( ). :
. (2541). . : .
. (2545). . . : .
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
10
. (2545). . . . ( ) . : .
. (2544). . . . ( ) . : .
. (2547). . . : .
. (2546). . . : .
. (2547). 2,2- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+) Trametes versicolor . . : .
. (2544). . : . L. Barros, S. Falco, P. Baptista, C. Freire, M. Vilas- Boas, I.C.F.R. Ferreira. (2008). Antioxidant activity of Agaricus sp. mushrooms by chemical, biochemical and electrochemical assays. Food Chemistry. 111. 61-66.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
11
Determination of Lead and Cadmium by Differentials pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in drinking water of Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University
1 2 3
Pirom Suwannasom,1 Suphap Boonthep2 and Nungruthai Phoojomjit3
(DPASV) DPASV
100 4.6 10 300
-1.15 90 / (HMDE) square wave -
1.15 0.15 standard addition 1.0 0.5
50 80-113 6.80
21.65-37.50
(GFAAS) : , ,
1 / 2 / 3 /
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
12
ABSTRACT
A differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric (DPASV) method has been used to determine quantities of cadmium and lead in drinking water of Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University. Acid digestion is an effective method for determination of elements in drinking water using DPASV. An optimized reagent composed of HNO3 used in digestion, then 100 L of sample and 10 mL of acetate buffer (pH 4.6) was placed in a voltammetric cell. Oxygen was removed by bubbling pure nitrogen through the solution for 300 seconds before deposition of the metals was carried out by applying a constant potential of -1.15 V versus Ag/AgCl to the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) for 90 s. A square waveform was scanned from -1.15 to 0.15V and a voltammogram was recorded. A standard addition procedure was used for quantification. Detection limits of 0.5 and 1.0 g/L for cadmium and lead, respectively, were obtained. Percentage recoveries obtained by spiking 50ppb of each metal to the sample solution were in the range of 80113%. The method was successfully applied to determine quantities of cadmium and lead in drinking water samples. It was found that the contents of cadmium and lead released from the samples were in the range of N.D. - 6.80 g/L and 21.65-37.50 g/L, respectively, which are lower than the regulated values of the Thai industrial standard. Voltammetric results were in good agreement compared with the GFAAS analysis. Keywords: Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetric, drinking water, heavy metal
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
13
5 / . .
( , 2529)
1 (1:1,000,000)
( . 2530)
10 mcg/dL IQ 1-3
( , 2541)
(Detection limit) Lower limit of detection (LOD)
(selectivity)
(modern instrumental method of analysis) X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS)
(
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
14
. 2539) LOD Selectivity
AAS
( . 2535) AAS (Speciation)
(Simulatous)
1 (part per billion) ( . 2545)
(Pb) (Cd)
(Sample random sampling)
. 3 5
atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS)
Metrohm 797 VA
Varian Spectra AA 880Z Zeeman Furnace system Metrohm BUCHI MS 2000 4 25, 50, 100, 1000 50 , 100
1 , 2 10 100
10 - 100 (CH3COOH) (NH3)
(HNO3) (Pb(NO3)2 ) (Cd(NO3)2)
.
(Sample random sampling) 4
50
10
200 250 psi 40
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
15
10
100
( NH4OAc) = 4.6
2 5.8
50 1 3.2
50
4.6 0.1
3
/
90 2000
300 10 20
-1.15 0.2 -0.4
-0.54
283.3 228.7
0.05-
1.00 / R2: Correlation coefficient (n=5) 0.9975 0.9984
4.6
1 R2: Correlation coefficient
(n=5) 1
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
16
1 Correlation coefficient (n=5)
R2
( g/L)
( g/L)
(%)
Y = 0.0203x + 0.0035
Y = 0.0167x + 0.0006
0.9967
0.9907
1.0
0.5
10.0
5.0
80.6
83.7
1
21.65- 37.50
6.80 2
( )
()
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
17
2
( )
( )
2551
2551
2552
2552
2552
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
37.500.5 30.470.2 30.400.7
N.D. N.D. N.D.
31.500.7 28.500.3 27.600.1 29.800.4 27.250.2 31.600.1 21.650.35 24.500.2 23.800.4
N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
5.300.5 5.450.2 5.430.4
N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
36.40 34.50 33.65 N.D. N.D. N.D. 31.50 28.80 20.65 30.82 29.21 32.85 22.30 25.97 24.30
N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 6.80 5.26 5.90 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
N.D. =
3.
t df GFAAS
29.24 Voltammetry 29.71
2.238 8
GFAAS
5.98
Voltammetry 5.39 2.224 8
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
18
- ( . 2521)
t 2 t 2.238 2.224
t 2.306 t
t
0.05
1.
2.
. (2541)
.
. . (2545)
.
.
. (2529) 98.
. (2521)
. 332. . (2530)
. .
. (2539). Principle Techniques of Instrumental. 1.
: . . (2535)
. .
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
19
Conflict Management in Public Lands in Mahasarakham Province
(1)
(2) (3)
1.
2.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
20
3.
:
Abstract
The common conflicts in communities usually arise from the issues of public lands, water supply, feeding animals, looking down upon other, sexuality/family/marriage/sex appeal. They are both personal conflicts and public conflicts. Land is an important natural resource for people in community especially farmers, and it is also a valuable natural resource. Therefore, the conflict in occupying natural resource of people in communities throughout Thailand especially the northeast of Thailand has increased dramatically. In regard to the problem, a researcher was interested in analyzing the conflict management in public lands in Maha Sarakham province. The objectives of this qualitative research were to analyze the condition and problems of the public land use, analyze the conflict management, and find out the suggestions for the conflict management in public lands in Maha Sarakham province. The study sites regarding the high-level problem of public lands were in Waphiprathum district, Maha Sarakham province. They were Thasongkorn sub-district, Muang sub-district, Kharmthuapatana sub-district, Kantarawichai sub-district, and Nongsaeng sub-district. The sample subjects were the litigants of the conflict in public lands, neighbours, village headmen, members of community committee, chairmen of occupational center, religious leaders, and monks. The data were collected by a questionnaire, deep interview, observation, and physical study. The data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis regarding the frame of the conflict analysis. Results of the research were as follows: In regard to the reasons, it was found that the conflicts arose from inaccurate data, beneficial conflict, behaviour, value, belief, expectation including historical and political factors. In regard to the conflict in water supply, the problem arose from inaccurate data, beneficial conflict, behaviour, and value. In case of Don Taphu , the causes of the conflict were inaccurate data, beneficial conflict, and historical factor. The conflict in the cemetery arose from inaccurate data, beneficial conflict, and value. The finding indicated that the method of conflict management used for the solution was compromise, negotiation, use of community regulation and also sacred items. In conclusion, the finding indicated that the methods used for the conflict management in public lands in Maha Sarakham should be compromise, negotiation, use of community regulations and also sacred items. Keywords : conflict management public lands
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
21
( , 2542, 7-11)
( , 2541, 40)
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
22
( , 2538, 149)
8 ( . .2540-2544)
( , 25 2 9 , )
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
23
1 3 20
. . 2449
. .2547 34,000
17 6 3
5 (
, 2547)
932
54.08
( , , ,
,2538, 7-12 )
1.
2.
3.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
24
(qualitative research)
1.
2.
3.
5. 3
2549 2551 2
2549 2550 6.
(qualitative research)
(in-dept interview guideline)
2 1 2
(qualitative research)
2 1. ( documentary research)
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
25
2. (field research)
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
(method of data analysis)
(qualitative analysis)
(content analysis)
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
26
(descriptive analysis method)
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
( ,2545,
171-172)
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
27
(Moor,1986,
, ,2542, 80)
2.
( ,2526, 70-79)
3.
. . . . . .
. .
, , ( ).
(2542). :
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
28
. : .
.(2547).. : . .(2547).
. : . .(2531). .
: .
. (2538).
. :
. . ( ).
(2547). . : .
.(2540).
. : .
.(2547). : .( 2). :
. ,
. ( ).(2538).
.
: . .
(2540).
1. :
. .(2538). :
.( 2). : .
.(2542). :. :
. .(2539).
: . : . Avruch,Kevin.(2002).Culture and conflict resolution.(3rd print).Washington,D.C.:TheUnited State Institute of Peace. Mac Corkle,S.&Reese,J.M.(2005).Mediaion theory and practice.Boston:Pearson Education,Inc.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
29
Production and Chlorophyll Contents of Mulberry Chlorophyll Juice
1 2 2
Wasawee Pichai,1 Natthaporn Netthrwong2 and Namphon Narawang2
75 15 10
10.92 /100 6.39 /100
3 180,000 CFU/
:
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to optimize formulation of the chlorophyll juice from mulberry leaves. It was found that the suitable proportion of base system was 75 % boiled water, 15 % granulated sugar, and 10 % mulberry leaves since it gave the highest scores of overall acceptability from the panelists. The study of chlorophyll contents of fresh mulberry leaves and chlorophyll juices was also determined and found that the chlorophyll contents of mulberry leaves and chlorophyll juices were 10.92 mg/100g and 6.39 mg/100ml respectively. The microbiological properties were conformed to the standard of the drinking juice. There were 180,000 CFU/ml of total microorganism from mulberry chlorophyll juice throughout the storage period of 3 days. Keywords : Chlorophyll, Mulberry leafs, Mulberry chlorophyll juice 1 Division of Food Technology . Faculty of Science and Technology. Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University. 2 Bachelors Degree of Food Science and Technology . Faculty of Science and Technology. Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
30
1 2 ( ,
2544)
( , 2548)
( , 2545)
( , 2541)
1.
2 .
1. 5 2. 95C
4 30, 60 ,120 240
3.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
31
1.
1)
950
10C 30, 60, 120 240
1
2) 1
1
1
(%) (%) (%)
1 2 3 4 5
75 75 75 80 70
13 18 15 12 22
12 12 10 8 8
3)
2 1 4)
72 10C 1
5 )
6)
2. 1 )
1 1
2) 0.1 85%
30 3
3)
5% 50 50
4)
5)
100 6)
660 642.5 7 )
(mg/L) = (7.12 x A660)+(16.8 x A642.5) 3.
Total plate count
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
32
1.
2
( )
30 60
120 240
95 C 30, 60, 120, 240
120
3
1 4.321.14 c 4.321.54 c 4.551.23 c 4.741.15 c 2 4.421.29c 4.711.13 c 4.901.04 b 4.941.18 b 3 5.900.98a 6.130.76 a 5.840.90 a 5.940.96 a 4 4.901.08b 5.101.01 b 4.811.08 b 5.231.15 b 5 4.741.09 b 4.771.20 b 4.680.91 c 4.971.25 b
5 3 4, 5, 2 1
2.
60
4
4
( /100 )
( /100 )
10.92 0.34a
6.39 0.59b
6.39 0.59
/ 100 10.92 0.34 /100
(P 0.05) 3.
5
/
180,000 1,000,000 Pour plate technique
(P 0.05)
a,b,c p < 0.05
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
33
3
180,000 CFU/
95 C
30, 60, 120, 240 120
30
5
3
75 15 10
10.92 100
6.39 100
2550
.2545.
. :
. .2544. -
. . . : .
.2541. . :
. .2548.
. : .
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
34
Clay Development in South of Northeast for the Production of Ceramics
1
1) 2)
3) 4)
5
(Purposive Sampling) (Triaxial Blend) 15 5 75
1.
40 30 30 ( 15.23 62.60 Kg/cm2 0.10 )
2. 40 20 40 ( 14.78
61.60 Kg/cm2 0.01 ) 3.
50 20 30 ( 13.00 56.40 Kg/cm2 4.50 )
4. 40 20 40 ( 17.35
69.80 Kg/cm2 0.08 ) 5.
50 20 30 ( 14.89 71.52 Kg/cm2 0.10 )
: , ,
1
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
35
Abstract The research was on clay development in south of northeast for the production of ceramics. The objectives of the research were: 1) To test the physical properties and chemical properties of clay in south of northeast. 2) To experiment the compound of the stone ware from ratio between the clay in south of northeast, Ranong kaolin and feldspar rocks. 3) To provide the most appropriate mix ratio of each source to casting method. 4) To Provide Test Results Used in the Design and Production of Stoneware Manufacturers to the Market. The raw materials used in the study area consisted of clay in south of northeast Ranong kaolin and feldspar rocks. These sample groups of the clay development in south of northeast for the production ceramics: they were from the clay in south of north 5 sources and The sample groups were purposive sampling from triaxial blend including clay from the south in northeast, Ranong kaolin and feldspar rocks. There were 5 sources, each source had 15 samples, and totally they were 75 samples. These were tested by the physical properties chemical properties and. The quality of mold. The research had found that 1. Ban Dan Kwian clay resources were selected it was found that were ratio between clay the Ban Dan Kwian clay 40%, feldspar 30%, Ranong kaolin 30% 30 (15.23% contraction strength 62.60 Kg/cm2 of 0.10% water absorption color that appear as brown). 2. Ban Kruad clay resources were selected it was found that were ratio between clay the Ban Kruad clay 40%, feldspar 20% and Ranong kaolin 40% (contraction 14.78%, strength 61.60 Kg/cm2 , water absorption 0.01% and appearing as dark gray color). 3. Ban Sawai clay resources were selected it was found that were ratio between clay the Ban Sawai clay 50%, feldspar rocks 20% Ranong kaolin 30% (contraction 13.00%, strength 56.40 Kg/cm2 , water absorption 4.50% and appearing as donkey gray color). 4. Ban Ko clay resources were selected it was found that were ratio between clay the Ban Ko clay 40%, rock feldspar 20%, and Ranong kaolin 40% (contraction 17.35%, strength 69.80 Kg/cm2, water absorption 0.08% and appearing as brown color). 5. Ban Tha Tao Hai clay resources were selected it was found that were ratio between clay the Ban Tha Tao Hai clay 50%, feldspar 20% and Ranong kaolin 30% (contraction 14.89%, strength 71.52 Kg/cm2, water absorption 0.10% and appearing as brown color). According to cognitive transference from research to communities, in which ware produced earthenware at Ratna districts, Surin province, it was found that villagers could be taken local raw materials applied in the production of earthenware to send the distribution and marketing. Keywords : clay development, Ceramics, casting slip
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
36
(Basketry) (Paperwork) (Textile Weaving) (Pottery/Ceramics) (Woodwork) (Metalwork) (Lacquerwork) (Leatherwork) (Gems and Ornaments) (Artificial Flowers)
(Pottery)
(Refractories) ( Enamels) (Abrasive) (Cement) (Glass)
(New Ceramics)
1.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
37
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
2.1
2.2
(Purposive Sampling) (Triaxial Blend)
15 5 75
3. 3.1 (Independent Variable)
3.1.1
15 3.1.2
15 3.1.3
15 3.1.4
15 3.1.5
15 3.2 (Dependent Variable)
3.2.1 3.2.2
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
38
3.2.3
3.2.4
4.
1
5. 1,100
(Oxidation Firing)
4 1
5 1. 5
1 1.5
1 2.
3 3.
100
4.
1.5 1.5 12 5. 110
6. 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 7.
8.
(X ray Fluorescence Spectrometer)
( ) SiO2 , Al2O3 Fe2O3 ,
CaO , MgO , Na2O , K2O L.O.I. 2
1. 1,000
5 15 75
2. 3
1.65 1.80
3.
4.
5 10 20
5. 15 ( X X
2.5) 6
6. 110
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
39
7. 3 1,150
8.
9.
3
1.
2
2. (Model) (Mould)
3.
4.
5. 1,150
6. 4
1.
1
2.
3. 3.1 (Drawing) 3.2 (Model) (Mould)
3.3
( 2) 12 3.4
3.5
3.6 1,150
4.
1. 2.
22bh3WLR
R = (Kg/cm2)
W =
X 100
(%)=
X 100
(%) =
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
40
L =
b = h = 3. 4.
1.
40 30 30
13.73 112.60 Kg/cm2
0.10
1 2.
40 20 40
13.78 111.60 Kg/cm2
0.01 2
3.
50 20 30
12.00 106.40 Kg/cm2
4.50 3
4.
40 20 40
14.35 119.80 Kg/cm2
0.08 ) 4
5.
50 20 30
13.29 113.36 Kg/cm2
0.10
5
1 (NA - 1)
2 (BU - 1)
X 100
=
+ X 100 =
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
41
3 (SU - 1)
4 (SR1 - 1)
5 (UB - 1) 1
NA-1
(%) BU-1 (%)
SU-1 (%)
SR-1 (%)
UB-1 (%)
71.27 0.89 14.74
SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O MnO L.O.I
5.36 0.42 0.80 1.12 0.33 0.128 6.240
83.19 0.64 8.32 3.51 0.08 0.15 0.19 0.00 0.008 3.962
72.20 0.87 17.30 2.38 0.45 0.59 0.81 0.47 0.018 5.170
64.30 1.44 20.87 4.35 0.59 0.52 0.25 0.14 0.012 8.64
73.04 0.96 14.67 4.23 0.16 0.71 0.85 0.06 0.009 6.197
NA-1 = Nakornratsrima BU-1 = Burirum SU-1 = Surin SR-1 = Srisaket UB-1 = Ubonratchatani
6
1.
(2543, 25)
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
42
K2O SiO2 (Grimshaw, 1971, p. 274)
2.
1,150
(2539, 156)
12 15
5
3. .
. . .
.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
43
. (2431) . :
. , . (2543),
. : .
. (2539), . : .
, ( . . .), . : . Andrew I. Andrews. (1957), Ceramic Tests and Calculations. America : Braunworth & Co. IND. Book Manufacturers. Norsker, H. (1990), Clay Materials for the Self Reliant Potter. America : GTZ.
Norton, F.H. (1970), Fine Ceramics. New York : McGraw Hill. Penny Simpson and Kanji Sodeoka. (1979), The Japanese Pottery Handbook. Tokyo : Kodansha International Ltd. Rhodes, Daniel. (1973), Clay and Glaze for the Potter. London : Pitman Publishing. Robert Fournier. (1977), IIIustrated Dictionary of
Practical Pottery. New York : Press Cataloging Publication.
Singer, Sonja S. (1963), Industrial Ceramics. New York : Chemical Publishing. W.Ryan and C. Radford, (1997), Whitewares : Production, Testing and Quality Control. London : Optichrome Ltd.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
44
1
A Simulation Set for Automatic Sunlight Tracking
1
Bunjob Khaoumpai1
(LDR) PIC 16F877
5
20
:
Abstract
This study aims to create a Solar Cells Simulation Set for Automatic Sunlight Tracking in order to develop utilization of solar cells for electrical power production with optimum quality.
This solar cells simulation set on automatic sunlight tracking was created by using LDR resistant and Microcontroller PIC 16F877, designed according to proper project framework and constructed with necessary materials and equipment, and then assessed by five experts before it was tested for further efficiency.
The assessment by experts shows that the design of the Solar Cells Simulation set on Automatic Sunlight Tracking is rated at an excellent level. And the efficiency test result shows that the simulation set has 20% higher efficiency than that of the Solar cell panel . Keywords : Solar cell Control circuit, Alternative Energy , Automatic Sunlight Tracking 1 /
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
45
2
1. BPS 1258 HP. (Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells) 36 Watts, 12 V, 3 A. 120 80 .
2. (LDR)
MCU (Microcontroller
Unit) PIC 16F877
(Driver) 1
1
PIC 16F877 (LDR) 3
LDR1 Port D2
PIC 16F877 PIC 16F877
LDR2 LDR3 Port A0 A1 (E)
(W) PIC 16F877
PIC 16F877
PIC 16F877
MCU Driver MSenser1
Senser3Senser2
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
46
3
60 cm
65 cm
120 cm
110 cm.
80 cm
LDR 3
2
2
60
3
3
PIC 16F877
Microchip 4
4
5
5
6 (LDR)
MCUDrive M
LDR2LDR3
LDR1
E W
Solar Cell
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
47
4
231.97 239.65286.88
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
-
1 2 3
( - .)
7
( 3) 20 2
( 1) 1 ( 2) 1
(I) (V) 10 8 08.0 . 16.00 . (P)
(W) 8
3 BPTS 1258 HP.
8
2
3 9
2 10
9 3
10 3
1 2
0
2
4
6
8
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46
(Time)
(Watt
-hour)
1(E) 2(N)
3
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
48
5
28.789 29.69535.788
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1(E-W) 2(N-S) 3( )
( )
2 2 3
11 12
11 3
12
3
2 ( 1)
( 2)
2
1 1 11.00-11.20
. 3 3
9 11
1.
( 1) 23.64 (
2) 20.33 2.
( 1) 24.31
( 2) 21.27
3.
4.
5.
0
10
20
30
40
50
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49
(Time)
(watt
)
1(E) 2(N)
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
49
6
. (2546). . ( ). : http://www2.egat.co.th/
re/egat_solar_tracking/solar_tracking.htm [21 2552]
. (2550). . ( ). :
http://www2.egat.co.th/re/solarcell/solarcell.htm [21 2552]
. (2544). . : ( -
). . (2542).
. : . . (2538).
. 5. : .
. (2545). PIC BASIC PRO COMPILER. :
.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
50
Design of Sun Tracking Control System for Controlling Solar Panel Movement
1 2
Tanutt Sripanom and Akkarat Poolkrajang
15.72 15.90 11.30 .
1.94 2.10 14.15 .
30.53 32.86 14.00 . : , ,
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to study, design, and experiment on sun tracking control system to control
solar panel movement .The design of sun tracking control system to control solar panel movement used logic control circuits. The experiment was conducted by comparing two systems, sun- tracking and non sun-tracking control systems, in order to determine voltage, current and power of electricity.
The results reveal that the average voltage of the sun-tracking control system is regular and higher than that of the non sun-tracking system .The average value is 15.72 volt and the maximum is 15.90 volt at 11:30 am. For comparison of current, the experiment with sun-tracking reveals the average current in regular and higher than that of the non sun-tracking control system .The average value was 1.94 Amp and the maximum was 2.10 Amp at 14:15 pm. Comparison of average electrical power also reveals that the average power of electricity of the sun-tracking control system is regular and higher than that without sun-tracking control system. Keywords: Control System, Sun Tracking, Solar Cells 1 2
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
51
( ) 80%
10%
[1]
[2]
1.
2.
3.
1. [3]
1.1. Solar Cell PV Solar Cell PV
photovoltaic Photovoltaic
photo volt
. . 1839
. . 1954
. . 1959
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
52
(Silicon), (Gallium Arsenide), (Indium
Phosphide), (Cadmium Telluride) (Copper Indium
Diselenide)
1
1.2.
()
()
200-400 (0.2-0.4 .)
1.3. [4]
(
)
2. LDR[ 5]
LDR
2
LDR LDR
LDR
LDR Vo 12
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
53
3 LDR
1. 44 x 49 2 30
2.
1 30 3. LDR
DC
4. 12 VDC 100 A
1.
,
website
2. (Automatic Sun Tracking)
3 (Detect)
1. (Sensor) LDR 2 LDR
LDR LDR
3
(Forward) (Stop) (Reverse)
2. Logic Control
4 Logic Control
3.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
54
5
4.
6
( ) A T1
T4
B T2 T3
1.
1.1
7
1.2
8
1.3
9
2.
2.1
10
2.2
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
55
11
2.3
12
23 24 2552 2
2
1.
13.50
14.00
14.50
15.00
15.50
16.00
16.50
9.00
9.30
10.00
10.30
11.00
11.30
12.00
12.30
13.00
13.30
14.00
14.30
15.00
15.30
16.00
16.30
17.00
( )
()
No Tracking Tracking
13
1 3
15.72 8 15.90 11.30 .
15.47 8 15.75 11.30 .
2.
TRACKING NO TRACKING
1.75
1.80
1.85
1.90
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
9.00
9.30
10.00
10.30
11.00
11.30
12.00
12.30
13.00
13.30
14.00
14.30
15.00
15.30
16.00
16.30
17.00
( )
()
No Tracking Tracking
14
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
56
1 4
1.94 8 2.10
14.15 .
1.93 8 1.96 13.30 .
3.
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
9.00
9.30
10.00
10.30
11.00
11.30
12.00
12.30
13.00
13.30
14.00
14.30
15.00
15.30
16.00
16.30
17.00
( )
()
No Tracking Tracking
15
1 5
30.53
8 32.86 14.00 .
29.90 8 30.45
13.30 .
1.
Logic Control
2.
(2537)
1.
2.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
57
1. LDR
2.
3.
4.
[1] .2545. .
: . [2] .2548.
(SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM). : .
[3] http://www.leonics.co.th/html/th/aboutpower/solar_ knowledge.php
[4 ] .2 5 50 . . : .
[5] .2537.
.
[ 6] Middleton Solar.2004. users guide for middleton solar AST-01 active solar tracking system Australia,
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
58
Antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased tilapia in Pong and Chi rivers
1 1 1 1 2 3
Aphinya Vijarn1 Kanokwan Kewsuwan1 Pingrawee Anujohnphan1 Nutjira Bhirommuang1 Pittaya Papirom2 Kanit Chukanhom 3
100 9 Amoxycillin (AML) Gentamicin (CN) Erythromycin (E) Enrofloxacin (ENR) Norfloxacin (NOR)
Cloxacillin (OB) Oxytetracycline (OT) Penicillin (P) Sulphamethoxazole - Trimethoprim (SXT) agar gel diffusion test Aeromonas hydrophila 63 A. hydrophila CN (92.06%), NOR (88.89%), SXT (77.78%), ENR (58.73%) OT (41.27%) OB P
:
Abstract
One hundred diseased Nile tilapia (Oriochromis niloticus) from cage culturing farms in Pong and Chi rivers. Diseased fish were isolated Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria from kidney and liver. Sixty three isolates of A. hydrophila were tested to 9 antibiotics include Amoxycillin (AML) Gentamicin (CN) Erythromycin (E) Enrofloxacin (ENR) Norfloxacin (NOR) Cloxacillin (OB) Oxytetracycline (OT) Penicillin (P) Sulphamethoxazole - Trimethoprim (SXT). The results showed, A. hydrophila suscepted to CN, NOR, SXT, ENR and OT were 92.06%, 88.89%, 77.78%, 58.73% and 41.27%, respectively, whereas resistant to OB and P. Keywords : Nile tilapia, Aeromonas hydrophila , Antibiotic susceptibility 1 6 . . 40002 2 ( ) . . 40002 3 Ph.D./ . . 40002 (corresponding author)
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
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(Nile tilapia) Cichlidae
Oreochromis niloticus ( , 2540; , 2542)
Aeromonas hydrophila, A
salmonicida, Streptococcus iniae, S. agalactiae, Flexibacter columnaris, F. maritimus, Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella tarda, Pseudomonas spp.,Renibacterium salmoninarum Mycobacterium spp. ( , 2541; , 2550; Kim et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2006)
70 (Chen and Bowser, 2005) A. hydrophila
A. hydrophila
( , 2526; Areerat, 1987; Llobrera and Gacutan, 1987)
A. hydrophila
(Araoju et al., 1991; Janda and Abbott, 1998; Lie-Po and Lim, 2002)
A. hydrophila
2550 2551
McConkey agar 25C 48 (colony)
subculture 4C
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
60
Brain Heart Infusion (BHI)
0.5 McFarland 1.5x108 CFU/ml
9 (OXOID Co.Ltd.) Amoxycillin (AML) Gentamicin (CN) Erythromycin (E) Enrofloxacin (ENR) Norfloxacin (NOR) Cloxacillin (OB) Oxytetracycline (OT) Penicillin (P) Sulphamethoxazole - Trimethoprim (SXT) Disc diffusion (Bauer et al. 1966) (duplicate)
(Inhibition zone)
100 63 (63 )
9 1
9
Gentamicin (92.06%), Norfloxacin (88.89%), Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (77.78%), Enrofloxacin (58.73%) Oxytetracycline (41.27%)
Wen (1996)
Norfloxacin (97%) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (61%)
Cloxacillin Pennicilin (100%), Amoxycilin (90.48%), Erythromycin (38.10%), Oxytetracyclin (55.56%) Vivekananandhan (2002) Hatha et al. (2005)
Erythromycin(97.3%) Amoxycilin
(52.7%) ( 2007)
Oxytetracyclin Erythromycin 55
1 / 10 30 1 50-100
7 - 14 (Plum, 1994)
(Vivekanandhan et al., 2002;
Hatha et al., 2005)
(Wegener and Frimodt-Moller, 2000)
Gentamycin, Norfloxacin, Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprim, Enrofloxacin Oxytetracycline Amoxycillin Erythromycin Cloxacillin Penicillin
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
61
.2541.
. . . 710 .
. 2540. . . . 318 .
. 2550. (Aeromonas infection) .
6(6): 1-4. . 2526.
. 24 . 8
. 2542. (Ichthyology). . . 586 .
. 2550. . 2. . . 96
. Araoju, R.M., Arribas, R.M. and Pares, R. 1991.
Distribution of Aeromonas species in waters with different level of pollution. Journal Applied Bacteriolology. 71: 182186.
Areerat, S. 1987. Clarias culture in Thailand. Aquaculture. 63: 355-362.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M, Sherris, J.C and Turck, M. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standard single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 36: 493-496.
Chen, C.Y. and Bowser, P.R. 2005. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in Nile Tilapia Oerodromis niloticus challenged with Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio vulnificus. J. World Aquaculture Society, 36(3): 262-270.
Hatha, M., Vivekanandhan, A.A., Joice, J.G. and Christol. 2005. Antibiotic resistance pattern of motile aeromonads from farm raised fresh water fish. International Journal Food Microbial. 98: 131-134.
Janda, J.M. and Abbott, S.L. 1998. Evolving concepts regarding the Genus Aeromonas: an expanding panorama of species, disease presentations, and unanswered questions. Clinical Infection Disease. 27: 332 344.
Kim, M.S., Lim, J.H., Park, B.K., Hwang, Y.H. and Yun, H.I. 2006. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in Korean catfish (Silurus asotus). J. vet Pharmacol Therapy. (29): 397-402.
Lie-Po, G.D. and Lim, L.H.S. 2002. Infectious diseases of warmwater fish in fresh water. Diseases and Disorders of Finfish in Cage Culture. Woo(ed), P.T.K. CABI Publishing, New York. pp.231-238.
Llobrere, A.T. and Gacutan, R.Q. 1987. Aeromonas hydrophila associated with ulcerative diseases epizootic in Laguna de Bay, Philippines. Aquaculture 67: 273-278.
Plumb, J.A. 1994. Health Maintenace of Cultured Fishes: Principal Microbial Diseases. CRC Press,Boca Raton, Florida,pp. 254.
Vivekanandhan, G., Savithamani, K., Hatha, A.M. and Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P. 2002. Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from marketed fish and prawn of South India. Journal Food Microbiol. 76: 165 168.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
62
Wegener, H.C. and Frimodt-Moller, N. 2000. Reducing the use of antimicrobial agents in animals and man. Journal Medicine Microbiol. 49: 111 113.
Wen, C.K., Kwok, W.Y., Cheng, Y.L., Ching, T.H., Hseih, S.L. and Yin, C.C. 1996. Increasing antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of
Aeromonas strains in Taiwan. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 40: 1260-1262.
Xu, W., Zhu, X., Wang, X., Deng, L. and Zhang, G. 2006. Residues of enrofloxacin, furazolidone and their metabolites in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture.
(254): 1-8. 1 A. hydrophila
Results Antimicrobial drugs Sensitivity
N* (%) Intermediate
N (%) Resistant
N (%) Gentamicin 58 (92.06) 4 (6.35) 1 (1.59) Norfloxacin 56 (88.89) 1 (1.59) 6 (9.52)
Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprim 49 (77.78) 0 14 (22.22) Enrofloxacin 37 (58.73) 20 (31.75) 6 (9.52)
Oxytetracycline 26 (41.27) 2 (3.17) 35 (55.56) Amoxycillin 6 (9.52) 0 57 (90.48)
Erythromycin 3 (4.46) 36 (57.14) 24 (38.10) Cloxacillin 0 0 63 (100) Penicillin 0 0 63 (100)
: * =
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
63
(TiO2)
Effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano crystalline particle on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell
1 2 3 4 5
Suphakrit Chuntra,1 Chuanpit Kanapat,2 Prasarn Chainarong,3 Danai Wirod-urairueng4 and Watcharinkorn Mekla5
(1) (TiO2)
(2) (3)
- (Sol-Gel method) sensitizers
screen printing
(FF) ( ) (1)
5 34.908001, 17.984303, 17.629719, 17.446519 15.927132 0.787, 0.752, 0.660, 0.680 0.698 (2)
0.995 10-3%, 0.604 10-3%, 0.554 10-3%, 0.488 10-3% 0.398 10-3% 34.908001
0.995 10-3% : , screen printing, - , synthesize
1 2 3 Ph.D 4 5
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were (1) effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano crystalline particles sizes on the efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell, (2) to the invention dye-Sensitized solar cell titanium dioxide nano crystalline, and (3) to search the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell titanium dioxide nano crystalline.
The instrument that use in dye-sensitized solar cell test. The components titanium dioxide nano crystalline, Sol-Gel method synthesize was sensitizers in solar cell and use the dye from Seedless Grape (black). The titanium dioxide nano crystalline film has been synthesize by screen printing. The processes were test at Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Faculty of Science, Physics Department. The basic constructed circuit to measure, calculate the fill factor and the energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell ( ). The research was found as follows. (1) The fill factor of dye-sensitized solar cell titanium dioxide nano crystalline all of 5 the sizes , 34.908001, 17.984303, 17.629719, 17.446519 and 15.927132 nm values 0.787, 0.752, 0.660, 0.680 and 0.698 respectively, (2) The energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell titanium dioxide nano crystalline were 0.995 10-3 %, 0.604 10-3 %, 0.554 10-3 %, 0.488 10-3 % and 0.398 10-3 % respectively and the size of 34.908001 nm made the maximum energy conversion efficiency 0.995 10-3 %. Keyword : titanium dioxide nano crystalline particle size, screen printing, sol-gel method, synthesize and Seedless Grape
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
65
(Solar cells)
(Dye-sensitized solar cells) 1
(renewable energy)
10% ruthennium-bipyridine2
-
XRD SEM
5
1.
(TiO2)
2.
3.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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-
- -
(C3H8O) 1:3 (HNO3) 65 % 0.1, 0.2, 0.3
1 3
X-rays diffraction 5 34.908001, 17.984303,
17.629719, 17.446519 15.927132 (nm)
1
1
1. -
- Chamber 26 C 40 C
Ti [OCH(CH3)2]4 30 ml (C3H8O) 90 ml
Ti [OCH(CH3)2]4 C3H8O magnetic stirring
50 480 ml
(HNO3) 65 % 1 ml
80 C 65 % 0.1, 0.2 0.3 4
Annealed 200 C 24 500 C 1
X-rays diffracttometion 5
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
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TCO TCO (commercial grade)
fluorine doped tin oxide (SnO2 : F) sodalime glass 8 / sq
sodaronix TCO
2 2 cm2
99.99% (3M)
1.5 1.5 cm2
5
( ) 6
(pH 3-4 )
9 ml 30 surfactant (Triton X 100, Fluka)
30
15
TCO
screen printing 45
450 C 30 6
1.5 1.5 cm2
2
1.
(sensitizer)
( (methanol) 25 ml (acitic acid) 4 ml
(deionized water) 21 ml) 7
:
7 : 3 2. 2 .1 (working electrode)
TCO 2 2 cm2 1 ( 1 )
sensitizer
24 8
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3 2.2 TCO
2 2 cm2 1 ( 1 ) (C)
2B ( ) 3.
(electrolyte)
(KI3) 9 1-2
1
4
I-V characteristic I-V curve
5 open circuit voltage (Voc) short circuit current (Isc)
(YUGO MY-64)
solar
radiation flux density Pyranometer Sensor (CM 11, Kipp&Zonen, Netherlands)
5.12 10-6 V/Wm2
5 I-V curve
5
6
6
5
15.927132 nm 34.908001 nm 17.629719 nm 17.446519 nm 17.984303 nm
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
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4.1 5
TCO (
) ()
5 34.908001, 17.984303, 17.629719, 17.446519 15.927132
screen printing
7 : 3
5
34.908001, 17.984303, 17.629719, 17.446519 15.927132 0.787, 0.752, 0.660, 0.680 0.698
( ) 5
34.908001, 17.984303, 17.629719, 17.446519 15.927132 0.995 10-3%, 0.604 10-3%, 0.554 10-3%, 0.488 10-3% 0.398 10-3%
34.908001
( ) 0.995 10-3%
solid-state electrolyte
quasi solid-state electrolyte (polymer electrolyte)
solid-state electrolyte quasi solid-state electrolyte
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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.
1ORegan, B. and Grtzel, M. (1991). Nature. 353: 737-740.
2 . (2546). -
. . : .
3, 4 . (2550). - .
. : .
5 . 2550.
. - . : .
6G. P. Smestad. (1998). Education and solar : Demonstrating electron transfer , Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 55 : 157.
7J. Halme. (2003). Characterization and manufacturing techniques of dye-sensitized solar cell. Masters. Thesis: Helsinki University of Technology.
8 . (2549). .
: . 9P.M. Sommeling and et al. (1998). Dye-
Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell on Flexible Substates, ENC solar and Wind Energy.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
71
DC Power Supply Controlled by Microcontroller
0-30 Keyboard
PIC16F877 LCD PWM Regulator Keyboard
5 %
Abstract
Because DC power supply used in the laboratory is in a linear pattern, modifying voltage level from output can
be done by modifying reference voltage. Each voltage modification will change the output voltage rapidly. If it is a specific working value modification, the process is difficult and time consuming. Due to this problem, the author tried to create a DC power supply controlled by microcontroller to create a more effective power supply. This power supply can provide voltage of 0-30 volts by giving the voltage needed through keyboard and then evaluated by Microcontroller PIC16F877. After that the power supply will send the data to present through LCD in number form and, send PWM signal to control regulator circuit for voltage based on the input number entered through the keyboard. From the test-run, it was found that the newly designed device was able to work effectively as planned with an error of not more than 5% on the average when measured against a standard power supply. Key words: DC Power Supply, Microcontroller, Control System
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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( . ) ( .)
(Power supply)
( , 2541)
7 1
1
Key function LCD 2
2
Regulator
Regulator ( , 2545) 3
OUT_DAC B Q1
Q3 R2 R3
B Q2 R2 R3 IE2 B
Q4 Q4 B Q1 Q3
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
73
Q2 Q4 R4
R5 R5
Vout
3 Regulator
4 ( , 2547)
4
LCD
(Keyboard) 3 x 4 UP
DOWN + -
5
5
6 PIC16F877
7
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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PIC16F877
Keyboard LCD Regulator
Keyboard 8
8
Fluke 111
1 1
9
1 ( 17.5 )
(mA) (%)
1 1.01 0.05 1 2 1.99 0.11 0.5 3 3 0.17 0 4 3.99 0.23 0.25 5 5.02 0.29 0.4 6 6.02 0.35 0.33 7 6.99 0.4 0.14 8 7.99 0.46 0.12 9 9.02 0.52 0.22
10 10.02 0.58 0.2 11 11.01 0.64 0.09 12 11.99 0.7 0.08 13 12.99 0.75 0.07 14 13.99 0.81 0.07 15 15.01 0.87 0.06 16 15.99 0.93 0.06 17 16.99 0.99 0.05 18 18.01 1.05 0.05 19 19 1.1 0 20 20.02 1.16 0.1 21 21.01 1.22 0.04 22 22 1.28 0 23 23.02 1.34 0.08 24 24.03 1.4 0.12 25 25.01 1.46 0.04 26 26 1.51 0 27 27.02 1.57 0.07 28 28.03 1.63 0.1 29 28.96 1.69 0.13 30 29.52 1.72 1.6
0.20
0.199 %
1.6 % 0.00 % 0.10
0
1
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
( )
(%)
9
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
75
Keyboard
1.
(PIC) 2. LCD
4 (00.00) 10
10
3. Keyboard
*xxyy # ( x ,y )
4. 0 30 V 2 A
5. 1 V 6. 5%
. .
. 2547. . : ,.
. 2547. PIC16F877 PIC18F458 . :
. 2545. 140 . :
, . 2541.
,
. :
. 2551. OTA
, .
:
.2545. PIC BASIC PRO COMPILER,
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
76
A Demonstration Set of Water Level Control Using a Computer Program
1
Krisagorn Chaiyow 1
( .)
. 2
5
32.5
74.5
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to construct ,validate and evaluate a demonstration set on water level control to be used as an instructional medium for the course Control Systems in Industrial Work taught at the Higher Certificate of Vocational Education Level in the area of Electrical Power, at Princess of Naradhiwas Rajanakarintr University. It was hypothesized that the experts would evaluate the demonstration high in quality, and the second-year students studying with the demonstration set would have higher achievement. After the demonstration set was evaluated by 5 experts, findings showed that the overall result of the evaluation regarding design, material, and equipment was at a very high level. The demonstration set on process of water level control by a computer program was later used in teaching a sample group of students. It was found that the students learning through use of this demonstration set had higher post-test achievement (mean = 75.4) than that of the pre-test (mean = 32.5). It can be concluded that the demonstration set of water level control using a computer program can be effectively used as one of the instructional media in teaching the course Control Systems in Industrial Work. Keywords: water level control system, instructional media , control system industrial work
1 /
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
77
( .)
1.
2.
. 2
5 1 2 .
3. 4.
5.
1
2
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
78
3
4
5
/
4.6 5
Dale E. Seborg , Thomas F. Edgar, Duncan A. Mellichamp. Process Dynamics and Control. (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2004.
John P Bentley. Principles of Measurement System. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc; New York, 1970.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
79
1
Wang Nam Mok Home stay Development in Community Participation
1
Watchirachai Wetchaninnart1
232 2 1 .88
46 5,000
: ,
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate Wang Nam Mok home stay development in community
participation. There were 232 subjects, selected by convenience and purposive sampling methods and the used tool were two interview forms and one questionnaire form (R = 0.88).
The results of the study showed that almost of subjects were female, over 46 years old, secondary school degree, agriculture, and income lower 5,000 baths monthly. Overall of people participation and side was at the moderate degree. The results of interviews showed that Wang Nam Mok home stay allowed the members showing and discussing their opinions to develop the home stay together. The external participation was at low degree that participated in budget, public relation, and tourism promotion. Keywords: Wang Nam Mok home stay , community participation
1 , 1 Lecturer, Faculty of Management Science, Udorntani Rajabhat University
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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2
. 30 . .
7 15
40
12 , , , , ,
, , , ,
( )
()
1.
2.
15
420 ( ,2550)
233 1.
30
2. 2
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
81
3
3. 201 (Krejcie R.V.
and Morgan ,1970 : 607-610)
1 2
4
1. 2. 3. 4.
2
1
2
20 4
1. 5 2. 5 3. 5 4. 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
3
5.
30
6. (Reliability)
(Alpha Coefficient)
.88
7.
1.
30 2
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4
2.
1 2.1
2.2
2.3
1.
2.
( x )
(S.D.) ( , 2535 : 100)
1.00 1.49 1.50 2.49 2.50 3.49 3.50 4.49 4.50 5.00
( )
(
)
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
83
5
( )
.
1.
153 76.10 46
75 37.30 187
78.10 122 60.70
71 35.30
5,000 / 146 72.60
2.
(2537)
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
84
6
(2546)
(2546)
(2544)
( )
( )
1.
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
85
7
2.
3.
1.
2.
. (2544).
( ) ,.
. (2535). . 2 ; .
. (2550) [ Online] Avialable HTTP: www.praputthabath.go.th
(2546).
. ( .),
: . (
252-254). : . (2537).
:
. , .
Krejcie R.V. and Morgan, D.W. Determining Sample Size for Research Activities :
Journal of Education and Pnychological Measurement 30(March 1970) : 607-610.
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
87
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
88
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
89
1 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 4 Ph.D. (Veterinary Medicine: Fish Diseases)
105
Soil Quality Improvement of Roi-et Series Using Cattle Manure and Pumice for Oryza sativa L. cv. 105 Production in Maha Sarakham province.
1 2 3 3 3 4
Taweesab Chaiyarak,1 Pongthep Meenork,2 Wantanee Polviset,3 Noppadon Somphol,3 Kraijak Keawprom3 and Panarat Phadee4
105 2550-2551
4x2 Factorial RCBD 3 A 4 1) 2) 500 g kg-1 3) 1,000 g kg-1 4) 1,500 g kg-1 B
2 1) 2) 40 g kg-1 pH EC
OM CEC 1.8-2.9 2
105 1,500 kg rai-1 105 1 2 616.70 640.42 kg rai-1
500 kg rai-1 355.66 460.95 kg rai-1 : 105
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
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Abstract This experiment aimed to determine the effect of using cattle manure and pumice to improve the soil quality of Roi-et series on Oryza sativa L. cv. 105 production in Maha Sarakham Province during the rainy seasons of 2007-2008. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of combined rates of cattle manure and pumice applications on some properties of paddy soil in Maha Sarakham. The experiments were designed in 4x2 Factorial in RCBD with 3 replications to compare levels of supplementation of cattle manure at 0, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 kg rai-1 and levels of pumice at 0, 40 kg rai-1, respectively. The results showed that increased use of cattle manure resulted in moderate soil pH and EC at no salinity level , no harm to plants, and thus improve soil organic matter (OM), though found at a low level. The CEC value of soil increased 1.8-2.9 times with the use of manure in both seasons. However, utilization of pumice had no effect on the chemical property of the soil. The average of Oryza sativa L. ev.105 production was found highest in both seasons when used with cattle manure without pumice at 616.70 and 640.42 kg rai-1, respectively. Supplementation of cattle manure at 500 kg rai-1 without pumice resulted in lowest Oryza sativa L. cv.105 production. Keywords: Roi-et series, cattle manure, pumice, Kao Dok Mali 105 Rice
ABSTRACT The objectives of this experiment was to determine the effect of using cattle manure and pumice to improve soil
quality of Roi-et series on Oryza sativa L. cv. 105 production in small-scale farmland in Maha Sarakham Province during the rainy season of 2007-2008. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of combined rates of cattle manure and pumice applications on some properties of paddy soil in Maha Sarakham Province. The experiments were designed in 4x2 Factorial in RCBD with 3 replications to compare levels supplementation of cattle manure at 0, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 kg rai-1 and levels of pumice at 0, 40 kg rai-1, respectively. The results showed that utilization of cattle manure could be decreased soil pH and EC and improve soil organic matter. In addition, utilization of Pumice able to both chemical and physical properties not significantly.
The average of Oryza sativa L. cv. 105 production was found highest in cattle manure without pumice at 617.70 and 640.42 kg rai-1. Otherwise, supplementation of cattle manure at 500 kg rai-1without pumice was affected to Oryza sativa L. cv. 105 lowest productions. Keywords : Roi-et series , cattle manure, pumice, Kao-Dork Mali 105 Rice
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
91
1
(Sandstone) (Quartz)
( , 2550)
pH 5-6
1 ( , 2547)
( .)
(2549) 105 (Sandy loam)
1,500 387.8
263.8 (2538)
2,000 15-15-15 30
3,104 1,024
( 17)
0-2
1)
2)
105
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
92
. . 2550-51 105
4 x 2 Factorial in RCBD 3
2 A 4 1) 2)
500 ./ 3) 1,000 ./
4) 1,500 ./ B 2 1) 2) 40
./ 8 20 .
(Table 1) 2
pH, EC, CEC, OM, Total N, Avai. P Exch. K
(Analysis of Variance) Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT)
Table 1 Some chemical and physical properties of Roi-et soil series and cattle manure pre- test.
Item Roi-et soil series cattle manure chemical properties pH (1:1 H2O) EC (1:5 H2O) (dS m-1) OM (g kg-1) Total Nitrogen (g kg-1) Available Phosphorus (mg kg-1) Exchangeable Potassium (mg kg-1) physical properties Sand (g kg-1) Silt (g kg-1) Clay (g kg-1) Texture
5.67
6.52 0.136 0.007 2.791
13.801
67.9 11.6 20.5
Sandy clay loam
7.80 3.01 1.959 0.946
0.402 (g kg-1) 1.060 (g kg-1)
- - -
Abbreviate: EC = Electrical conductivity, OM = Organic matter
1) (pH)
pH (Table 2)
500
1,000 ./ 1 2 pH
pH 2
pH
( , 2549)
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
93
2) (EC) 1
EC (Table 2)
EC 3.01 dS m-1
CEC 1,500 ./ EC
EC
EC
( , 2549)
EC 2
EC EC
3) (CEC)
CEC 2 (Table 2)
1,500 ./ CEC
1 CEC 1.36 cmol kg-1
2 CEC 16.05
cmol kg-1 1 CEC
2
4) (OM) 1
OM 1,500 ./
OM 0.45 g kg-1 (Table 2)
OM
OM 0.136
OM OM 1.959
OM (2552)
2 OM
1 OM
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Table 2 Effect of cattle manure and pumice on chemical soil properties in Kao-Dork Mali 105 Rice at rainy season year 08/09.
2550 2551 Rate pH EC
(dS m-1) CEC
(cmol kg-1) OM
(g kg-1) pH EC
(dS m-1) CEC
(cmol kg-1) OM
(g kg-1) Cattle manure (A) 0 kg rai-1 500 kg rai-1 1,000 kg rai-1 1,500 kg rai-1
5.92 5.76 5.74 5.90
0.35B
0.66B
0.93AB
1.36A
3.97B
6.24A
4.27B
6.39A
0.34 B 0.22 C 0.28BC 0.45A
5.32 5.43 5.43 5.40
0.60 0.63 0.87 0.65
11.54B
11.71B
10.73B
16.05A
0.40 0.40 0.46 0.43
F-test ns * ** ** ns ns * ns Pumice (B) 0 kg rai-1 40 kg rai-1
5.89 5.77
0.97A
0.68B
5.13 5.31
0.29B 0.34A
5.42 5.36
0.63 0.74
13.32 11.69
0.44 0.40
F-test ns ** ns * ns ns ns ns A X B CV. (%)
ns 2.89
** 27.69
** 5.98
** 12.51
ns 4.41
ns 34.41
ns 18.90
** 23.19
* = significant at 0.5% level ** = significant at 0.1% level ns = not significantly Mean within each column followed by the same letters are not significantly different at 95 % level of confidence by DMRT 5) (Total N)
1 Total N
1,500 ./ Total N
0.29 g kg-1 Total N 0.946
Total N
N P K ( , 2552)
Total N
2 Total N
NO 3- Total N
Total N
6) (Avai. P) 1
(Table 2) 1,500
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
95
./ 19.34 mg kg-1 2.69 mg kg-1
10.74 2.69 mg kg-1
2
(Table 2) 1,500 ./ 20.77 mg kg-1
500 ./
7) (Exch. K) 1
1,500 ./ 72.53 mg kg-1
21.85 mg kg-1
13.801 mg kg-1
( , 2552)
2
1,500 ./ 75.02 mg kg-1
1,000 500 ./
57.02, 49.14 39.33 mg kg-1 CEC
CEC
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
96
Table 3 Effect of cattle manure and pumice on nutrient content in Kao-Dork Mali 105 Rice at rainy season year 08/09.
2550 2551 Rate Total N
(g kg-1) Avai. P
(mg kg-1) Exch. K (mg kg-1)
Total N (g kg-1)
Avai. P (mg kg-1)
Exch. K (mg kg-1)
Cattle manure (A) 0 kg rai-1 500 kg rai-1 1,000 kg rai-1 1,500 kg rai-1
0.016B
0.019B
0.019B
0.029A
2.69 C
5.81BC
10.62B
19.34A
21.85C 38.62B 32.92BC 72.53A
0.024 0.025 0.028 0.025
2.53C
4.05C
13.76B
20.77A
39.33C 49.14B 57.02B 75.02A
F-test ** ** ** ns ** ** Pumice (B) 0 kg rai-1 40 kg rai-1
0.023A
0.018B
8.49B
10.74A
38.91 44.04
0.028 0.024
9.33 11.22
50.81B 59.44A
F-test * * ns ns ns * A X B CV. (%)
* 8.42
* 26.58
* 15.36
* 23.98
ns 23.70
** 6.74
* = significant at 0.5% level ** = significant at 0.1% level ns = not significantly Mean within each column followed by the same letters are not significantly different at 95 % level of confidence by DMRT
8) 105
105 2 (Figure 1)
1,500 kg rai-1 (T7) 105
1 2 616.7 640.42 kg rai-1
(T1) 105 1 2 477.20 494.37
kg rai-1
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
97
355.66 384.24
532.40483.37
594.11 616.70
521.56460.95
532.64578.88 595.35 572.13
640.42588.35
477.20 494.37
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8treatment
Grain Yield (kg rai-1) crop Icrop II
Figure 1 Effect of cattle manure and Pumice on grain yield (kg rai-1) of KDML 105 rice in Maha Sarakham
province at rainy season year 08/09.
1)
2 pH
1,500 ./ pH
1 2 1,000 500 ./ pH
pH 5.32 EC
1 EC 1,500 ./
EC 1.36 dS m-1
CEC 1
1,500 ./ CEC 6.39 cmol kg-1 2 (3.97 cmol kg-1 )
2 1,500 ./ CEC 16.05 cmol kg-1
CEC cation
pH CEC
clay OM
CEC ( , 2539) clay 20.5 g kg-1
CEC OM
( ,
2545) OM (0.136 g kg-1) 1 2 0.32
0.42 g kg-1 OM
The 2nd National Conference on Sciences and Social Sciences 2009
98
1.959 g kg-1
OM
2) Total N
1 Total N
0.007 0.016 g kg-1
NH4+ NO3-
assimilation ( , 2552) Total N
Total N (1,500 kg rai-1) 1.8
Total N 0.946 g kg-1
2
(500 1,000 kg rai-1
) Total N Total N
2550 Avai. P
2 Avai. P (2.791 mg kg-1)
H2PO4- HPO42-
6.79 g kg-1
( , .) Avai. P
Avai. P 7.1-8.2 2
Avai. P ( , .) OM
OM
Exch. K
2
( , 2548)
3) 105 105
477.20 439.37 kg rai -1
( 1 2 ) 57.5
439 kg rai -1 ( , 2551) 105 2 ( 2551)
1 ( 2552) 616.70 640.42 kg rai -1 ( 1 2 )
OM OM
(0.2-0.4 g kg-1)
N
Rajabhat Maha Sara Kham University
99
avai.P P
P
105
2 1.
pH EC CEC OM 2
(N P K) 1
2 pH EC CEC
OM 2 2 CEC
2. 1,500 kg rai-1 105
1 2 616.70 640.42 kg rai-1 500 kg rai-1
355.66 460.95 kg rai-1
105
. 2551. . 14 . . 2552. Available
from : www.pcoc.moc.go.th/pcocsys/. . 2552.
26 . . 52. Available from: http://sql.ldd.go.th/webboard/
. 2547. .
. . . . 9
. . 2552. Available from : www.dss.go.th/dssweb/st- articles/files/cp_9_2549_Phosphorus.pdf.
. -
. 9 2552
Available from : http://www.ricethailand.go.th/brrd/s31.htm
. .
. 2549. .
28 . . 255