NA

VOL 17 NO 4, DECEMBER 19n

_ ___ _ NC w ET

IONAL CONFERENCE OF STANDARDS LABORATORIES

EST EN • PARTICIPA'T'TO

SYNERGISH, {I Caa era £:j v c' as sue hac the totel effec t reat:er hathe sum of °ndividua l ffec£:s ' u en 'ndepe nde C Yj (2) The s imu caneOUE aC Lion ~ sepa ce agen ­cies who h, ogether , have ater lOta l e£=eec l: n he s um 0= their indi..,tdla l e-ffec ts, In my view, t, a i wha t NeSL i a J 1 abo r , oope at.Lon between oligan' z a clans hat may have

very di eren.t pr oduc t s , ,. rvi es , Cc., buz who e prob ems, A!'l hev elite co Standards Labor fI ortes , are ve ;:y similar " na cu e and ca be eked c oopera tiv ly,

-- NeSL is t o cont L I be succeas fu.L, Le., so l ve common p ob lems e bene f 'c of ~mbc ­shiP. w .eed act ive Mamber D e tea wil li.g to pa r t i e ':', a -e. y r a - do no 111.::aO Nember Delega tes chernselv t nec e s s ar ':'l y h~ the , ar t I c i.p an t s ,

n or""anizB on such as NeSL t.akas IS H mber Dele' ce a re e po 'nt of co. tac - for chcir oro i"a s backed up. i n many cases, by t l ou and's, ,emb r Del eg,ii l.es cannot pos ibly cxpac ced (J repre­sen t di r ec t y t he i r organ':'za ions : n every 9 tuac~o n t t arises which co Ld be of primary i nte r e s t ::0 t heir organizR ions, However, Membe~ clegates Bra in pos it on 0 channel t op Lcs o f tn e es t , ,,,h i "'h ar o t, L t.he Lr f i e Lds QE a pert ise , to tho approprLat~ SeCt ons in chei r organiza~'onE thaL ~oulcl become ac t i ve and ar tic~p ate

NGSL membership is n aring 300, ,e weal b o~ Ja1ent r~presenced by those menoer or anlzation is t r e men dous ; and Wl:?, as Member ue legat.es, are no f u l f i l ling our obLi ga t i ons i f we do n o r: par t.Lc i.pa.t.e as 'ha e. en by the

anizat'one we p e e t.

hi.nk .:. ~ i s imp r aanc t har ea ch ~1em!)eT Delega e ...ont all, r eas s e s s nf.s or her i nd':'vidua i c ms nce s as h y e ate L ~ t e organizati rep e­s n ed. wnat bene . _ doe 0 r organ Lz.a. t Lor; expect from NC, I ? To ..-118.(

evel "Ti l_ your organi.aa "on s ppo r you Nc' r a vdt Les , e .g., parcd.cf.pa­t i o at: COl -e enccs , gi.cna I mea; gao e Co , and p rt t c Lpat on as a co=ic­'ee member, committe cha ran , r g onal coordin~cor; o~ arr:icipacion nn 'he Board 0 'ree' r~, e c. 1~ per en of yo u time and associated

s up po 'r t is cornmf, t t d t o NCSL by yo r 0 ganLz a cion 'f) 1.,,- 11 kl,m, e ..e cornmd.tmcnt s va.y f rcm company to cornpa y and wi h i 0 gan t za ons rom t 111e

o as u s i ne ~ ~ llma e a maragemen L ~hange occ ur . Fa;: hese ~asons, Lhe r eassessing pr cea8 shou ld be a can i nu icg one .

Aft er eS t ab l i h i ng the level 0 or gani zationa l au. port , i~ impo.rat: ve ha i n di vidua l Delega t es assess t he i.r own commi.tmcnt.s r Ln suxc .liey a r e c ns L cn t; wit:h t hose o f t c ocg Lzn t i.orrs 'epr12sen t:ed, i . e . . do ' I, COl ee) ness cha in ttUI 'on's 0 a')" :'cipa e. 1 Ls 0 II [ 18

t he member companies (organiza i ons), Member Delegnces , NCS De l e a es volunt:eer an then do (to t produce ,

TI e r ar rna y cha l.L n ge s tor NeSL Our effectivenes J mee ":'ng ::' es e chal l enges depe nds d i r ec t l y on how we , as individual D l e a te assess ou~

po s ition s 8.d carry t hrough on a r comm~tment:s, Don 't J:eav _ e a e of your organ iza t ions up t o t he o t her guy - -geL in and pa r t i cipa te ! You -wil~ =ind ::ha t benef i ~ 5 - r o NeSt as ' n any organization. increase subscan iall wi Lh part ci pa 'on anJ ar u L~e he effa .~ expe ed,

L el loT , Auxi r PresLd nt,

-2­

CDNTENTS

Vol. 17 , No.4, December 1977

Pag e

Pr e s ' dent's Me~sag .. 1

The National Measur emen t Syste m - Al i olen Giant 3

Board of Directors Heeting October 1977 . 6

NCSL Annual Report 1977 . 15

Lac 1eed Ha::a B r emerrt Standar B La bo ' a t or y , 18

B'i.oma <cal Safety Commit t ee Ac t i vi t y 20

NCS L 19 78 ~or"s 0 , and Sympos i um 20

Revision of HIL-C-45662A . 20

Board of Dir e c t or s Meeting Schedule . 20

Region 2 - Novemb.... r 1977 Meeting 21

Region 3 October 1977 Meeting . 21

Region 8 September 1977 Meeting . 21

Ne clem e r s of N; ' L. 23

Gui1dline Laboratories 24

Bibliography - Calibration Sys - Ha l ageoe L 25

Laboratory Planning in Developing Countries. 27

Awards 1976-77 • . . . 37

Repor t on Pr ~ l 10 n Measurement Association . 38

CSL Board of Directors and Reg i ons . 39

low to Join NCSL . .. 40

NCSL NEt,S '':''f ER

W. J. l~ s ont Editor Nat i ona l Bun u o r s t .nndar d s , 276. 02

B O:l , r , CO 80 0 2 ( 303) 499- 100, ext . ) Q89

Phylli s O' Rour vQ. , Editor i a l Assistant

BOARD OF REVIEI·/ERS Lallr;I AuxLe r-Dean Bruu ga r t J . Gra ham Camer on Ron Kidd John Le e J i m Valentino

The n L N e", " l e t t~r is pub Li.ahed quar t erly in Dcl11der J CDl r,ud • by t h ( -~ ional ucnf ee ce of ' hMr a I hO I a ro r Le.s , It is sent to l .....SL-Mt:u:Jer IJrga n i z a t i o ns 3 nd t o a · puc ial l i s c ;1. ng or Clct i vi t ic;s and key p ~O" 1 " lose ,. .rk Ul <:..l.o!!'-" l y r ela ted to thMr f 3L. ~~n ! ~ . L m em b ~r

'Subs r Lp t Lorr s ava l 1.:llJ.1 e f o r ~l O pe r y_ 'r , EXir a r.o p i s -:: an j':!lSUU ns y be ob aiu...~ at $2 .~o ell . Resri t rn e s

uld bp m I dl r ~~ t l y to t he UC5 L =~ t:tr i L:

NCSL S ~ tdt t Nat i onal ~I. r eaU o f Standa rds (270 .00) B culd e r , ~' 30 2 (303) 499-J 00, ext. 31B7

lC)r*Ar L l c l ~ s a ut c nue r 1 err...; :Ip.,e..:,ri"11 vi a 0 _ au t, __ nnd ....... ril ut or-c t he Edi tor or of t he National Con

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THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM- -A HIDDEN GIANT

by John Minc k , Hewle t t Packard (NCSL Pres iden t : 1976-77 )

I' d like to have yo u pict ure i n you r mind 's eye a very large, fr i endly elephant . Next imagine a lot of smal l boys wi th blindfol ds on, mi l ling a round the elephant . Final ly , put a s mal l fe l low with one o f tho s e elephant - t raine r hooks on th e elephant 's head. Do yo u have that pic t ure?

I came up wi t h t hi s p i ctu r e becau s e I needed some s or t of ana logy to r epresent the Nationa l Measuremen t Sys tem. The e lepha nt is the National Meas uremen t Sys tem be cau s e i t 's very , ve r y l a r ge. I t is s l ow mov i ng in i ts own way. You coul d even call i t ponderous . Fina l ly , i t is very power f ul ; especial ly whe n i t 's hea ded the right d i rec t i on . But I want t o emphasize a l s o t hat i t 's very friendly; it ge ts ve ry good work done .

The smal l boys with t he bl indfo lds a re a l l of us wi t h an int er est an d s take i n mea sur ement science . We 're trying t o det ermine wha t this elephant is a l l abou t by f~eling ar ound t he kneeca ps in t he dark. n ,e measuremen t sys tem is so l a r ge and obscure that we ca n 't see it i n its t otality. But it' s a l l there and it' s wor ki .ng f or us a l l t he time. He 're trying t o ge t it t o move i n t he right direct i on to he lp us ou t in our own jobs, i n our compa nies ' jobs.

To f i na l ly f i n ish my an alogy, t he li t t le guy up on to p wi t h the t r aining hook is the Nat i onal Bur eau o f Standa r ds . 1 don' t think it means NBS i s in con trol o f thi s beh emoth, but i t is r id i ng a t the head of it, and i f a nyo ne can and s houl d direc t it, NBS is i t .

Wha t is the Nationa l Measur ement System? Is it so obscure a nd har d to und erstand that i t can on ly be app roac hed as blindfo l de d observers? I n some way s, yes ~ But the purpose of thi s ar t icle is t o cal l a t ten tion t o the ex istence of th e sys tem and t o the role o f NBS in the scheme of things and point out how t he system int era cts wi th vari ous sectors of our society.

The Nat iona l Meas uremen t Sys tem co ns ists of all the nation a l ac t ivi t ies and mec ha nisms t hat pr ov i de physica l measurement data t o allow crea t ion of t he obj ective , quant i ta t ive kn owl edge r equi r e d by our socie ty .

The concep t was developed a t t he Ins ti tu te fo r Bas ic Standards a t the Nat iona l Bureau of Stand ­ards a nd ha s been dis cu s s ed by NBS a u thors for a numbe r of years . Dr. R. D. Hun t oon in t he October 6, 1967, issue o f Science f ocus ed en t he co ncep t i n an a rticle en ti t led "Con c ept ~ ~

Nat i ona l Measurement Sys tem ."

The ope ning paragraph s pells it out: "Con cu r r ently wi t h the grow t h an d industria l i zation of th i s na t ion , ther e has developed wi t hin i t a va st, complex sys tem of measuremen t , whi ch has made poss ib le the very gr owt h t hat broug ht the system in to being . n lis Nat ional Meas urement Sys tem (NMS) stands t od a y as one of t he key e lements in a worldwi de measurement sys tem that l i nks a l l major nations t oget her in a cons is ten t , compa tible ne t wor k fo r conooun ica tions and trade . "

An exci t i ng co ncep t ! Es pecially be caus e the infrastructur e of the NMS was s o invisible and widespread b ut s t i l l s o impor t a nt t o ou r i nc reas i ng ly t ec hnological socie ty .

I n 1972, th e Assis tan t Secre tary of Commerce directed t he preparati on of a s t udy of "T he NBS Standa rds of Meas ureme n t t o Deter mine i f The i r Accuracy is Sufficien t for the Needs of U.S . · Indus t ry . " Thi s reques t led t o ini t ia t ion o f a thr e e-yea r s t udy of t he Nat iona l Meas urement Sys tem.

The s t udy was a massi ve ef fo rt invol ving many people a t ~~S i n all d ivis ions of I BS. The res ul ts are a n eq ua l ly massive series of reports, which co mpr ise an i mpres sive "snap shot" of a very c omple x and pervas ive sys tem. Thi s system i s th e underpi nning of t he t echnol ogical econ ­omic s truc ture of our c oun try and its relat ion to t he world.

For a l l or ganizations and indiv iduals who have a s take in the t e chni ca l and economic pr og ress i n ou r co un t ry , a reading of NBSIR 75-925 "Fina l Sun~ary Repor t Study £[ the Nat iona l Measure­ment System, 1972-75," and NBSI R 75-949 " Sttucture an d Function of the Nat iona l Measurement Sys tem" is highly r ec onnnen ded. - -­

The s ummary r e f er ence s 15 1 separa te s t ud ies and o ffe rs 27 dif feren t documents , inc luding de tai led micros t ud ies i n a va r iety of s pecific me asur ement areas such as pressure , f a r-UV radi omet ry, surface pr oper t ies , etc .

liost i mpr es sive in demons t ra t ing the a ll- en compas s ing na ture of ~~S is a direc t mea s ur ement transac t ion matrix shown in Figure 1.

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In on e seemingly c l ut t e r ed model, vast ec onomic and technical s ectors of our country ar e r elat ed t o each o t he r in terms of their measurement transactions . Very e l e gan t ind eed ~

At each i n t er s ec t i on , the code numbers model t he measurement t r a ns ac t i ons fo r importance, r a t e of change , ad equ acy, and magnitude of measurement s. Na t ur al l y , these numbers in the model are ' -,--­weighted judgments by kn owl ed geable people. The i mportan t thing to r ea l i ze is that thi s s i ng le t able i s compi led fr om over 70 page s of other tables, eac h of whi ch came out of detailed micro­s t udi es of s peci f i c measuremen t dis c iplines. A mass ive study ~ ~ Thos e s umma r i es a r e i ncluded in r eport NBSI R 75-943 " Tr a nsa ct i ons Matrix Des cript ion of the Na t i ona l System of Phys ica l Measurements. " - -- --- - ­

The impact t o a business or a s cient i f i c per son who has a f eel ing for the mas siv e trade move­ments (hundreds of bill ions o f dollar s) between s ec t or s o f our economy s houl d be so be r i ng . It' s important t o r eali ze tha t such trans actions de pend so critical l y on measurements , not jus t f or s i mple equi t y in trad e but f or all manner o f r e gulatory and s a f e t y co ns i de ra t i ons . In s o many ca ses , there could be no tran saction a t all i f ther e were no measurement sy stem. The s t udy s hows t hat mea surements alone cos t an-es t i mat ed 6% of t he gr os s na t ional produc t , not a s ur pr i s i ng number .

Al l 78 maj or i ndu strial sec to rs , a ll l evels of gover nmen t , and c onsu~ers buy mea s ur emen t equip­ment or l a bor . Fed eral, s t a te , and l oca l gover nment s ar e the l ar ges t us er s ector, a bout 35% of the t otal. Ot her servi ce industr i es, principa lly trade , utiliti es, tran s portation, and communi ­cation, a ccount f or abou t 25%. "Hi gh t ech nology" manufacturing industries spend a l ar ge s ha r e of the ir va l ue -adde d , but relativel y f ew actual, dollars. The studi es have s hown preliminary cor r el a t i ons of mea surement i nt ens i ty with eco nomi c growt h and pr oduc t ivi ty f or maj or indus­trial s ectors .

NBSIR 75- 947 "Collec t ed_ Execut i ve Summari es St udies of ~h e Nationa l Mea sur ement Sys t ern 1972-75" goe s a l ong way toward descr i bing t he elephant o f the ana l ogy . An open- minded person i s soon i mpre ss ed wi t h the pervasiven es s of t he Na t i onal Mea sur ement Sys t em and i t s ab solute, crucial importauce to the na t i on . At t he s ame t i me it i s c lea r l y lacking someone in con t r ol .

The notion t ha t such a mass ive sys t em i s running al ong , doing a j ob, wi thou t being wel l under ­s tood i s a l i t t l e f righ tening . Pe r haps mor e threa t en i ng, is that if t he direction of s uc h a s ys tem must change to mee t new i mpera t ives f r om Congre s s or t he pe ople, some age ncy must be i n char ge .

The r e i s l i t t l e question t ha t the f i ne opera t ion of the Na t i ona l Bureau of Standa r ds i s i n ba ck o f (somewhere) each of the t rausac t i on mat r i c ies . Further, t here i s li ttle do ubt that the laws r equiring equi t y in commerce and o t her fo undi ng l egi s l a t i on r equir e ~~S t o be i n charge . Speci f icall y , the Insti tu t e f or Rasic St andar ds wi t hi n NBS car r i e s the maj or r es pons ibility for physica l mea s ur ement sta ndardizat i on . IBS i s t he pr ima ry underpinning not f or just our nat ion ' s hi gh t echnol ogy/aeros pa ce bus ines s and trad e but f or most other trad e as wel l .

Thi s is a t erribly i mpo r t ant respon sibil ity--one which i s onl y beginning t o be r evealed by the NMS study . I n so me ways , measurement sc ience is more important than energy s t r a tegy o r ot her nationa l priori t ies. It s uppo r t s the ot he rs- - t he t echnology attack as i t were .

It i s cri t i ca l f or a l l s cien tif i c pe rsonne l wi t h a n interest and concern about meas urements to fami liar i 2e t hems elves wi t h the Na t iona l Meas urenlent System and t he pivota l r ole of t he Ins ti­tut e f or Ba s i c St andards at NBS . They should explor e t heir own organi za t ions ' r oles in the s ys tem and thei r int erac tions with NBS , bo t h f or past tran sactions as we l l as f or fu tur e r equire­men ts .

Someoue sa i d , "If you don 't know where you 're going , you may end up s omewher e els e . " The Na tiona l Mea su r ement Sys t em needs input . NBS needs input and s uppor t in i t s c rucial r ol e t o guide our nati onal meas ur emen t t echnology i n t o the 21s t cen t ur y .

' --..-/

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Di r ect meas uremen ts transact ions ma t r i x for IBS St udy of National Measur ement System,

nlRECT Pf:A5 UREMENTS fRAl.l SACT10HS ftotA TR TX FOR. NATIONA L SYSTEM OF PIW51CAL MEASUR [M[ lllS (Ma rCh 1976)

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KEY TO I~ATR ! X ENTHIES

C - IMPORTANCE OF TRANSACTIONS D - (I N)ADEQUACY OF SERVI CES

1 Pu rel y conven ie nce o No improvements needed 2 St rongly desirab le 1 Could be improved 3 No real al te rnat ives 2 Margi na1

'4 Es sent i al 3 Ser i ous defic ie ncies 4 Out of cont rolSU PPLlERSB - RATE OF CHAN GE _

A - MAGNIT UDE OF TRA NSACTIONS N Declining o Tri vialo Stable 1 Mi no r2 Growing 2 Moderat e4 Growing explosive ly 3 Import ant

R " Flow of requirements info domi nates 4- 7 = Maj or

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HIGHLIGHTS OF THE OCTOBER 1977 NCS L BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETING

The NCSL Board o f Directors met Octobe r 13 and 14, 1977, a t the Lockheed Missiles a nd Space Company i n Sunnyvale , CaliCo ia . Bob We ber (Lockheed Sunnyvale), Chai r man of the NCS L RecomnenJ ed Pr act i ces Connni t tee , int roduced Mr. Harold L. Brownman , Vice Preside nt ­O? e r a t i on , Lockheed Missiles a nd Space Company , Sunnyvale, Cal i fornia. Mr . Brownman wel­come membe rs of NCSL t o Lockheed an d commented on t he i mpor.t a nce of i mproved s t and ards fo r an d calibrati on of medical eq uipme nt and s tressed the L'npor t ance of helpi ng devel oping co un tries wi t h t heir s tanda r ds a nd cal ibra t ion pr ograms .

.F:l e~t:lon Results a nd Regional Di r ector Assignments

Laure l Auxi er , NCSL President , reviewed the r esnl ts of the recent e lec tion, The resignation of Wa l t Cassady after the e lec t ion r equ i r ed t ha t another Eoa r d pos it i on be f i l l ed ; Lau r el a ppoi n t ed , wi t h a pprova l of t he Execut i ve Commi t tee , Bob Lady t o the pos it i on of Di recto r .

The new of f i cers for t he corni ng year a re:

Presiden t - Laure l Aux ier Pa st-Pre s ' dent - John Minck E:-:ecut i ve Vi ce President - Ron Kidd Treas urer - Bob DeLapp VP - Admi ni s tr. ation - J i m Valent i no VP - Labor a t or y Operations - Dean Brungar t vp - Meas ur emen L Requiremen ts - Graham Cameron VP - Communications and Marke ting - John Lee Direc t ors - Moe Cor rigan

Sam Davidson Bob Lad y Mac NcKi nney Hugh Star ling

Regional Di rectors are assigned as fol lows:

Re gion 1 - Moe Corrigan Region 2 - ~lo e Cor r i ga u Region 3 - Eugh Starling Region 4 - Mac McKinney Region 5 - Sam Davi dso n Region u Sam Davi dso n Reg i on 7 Bob Lady Region 8 - Bob Lady I n ter nationa l Region - Mac McKinney

Letters Wri t t en t o the NBS Vi s i t i ng Comm:i. t r ee a nd the Depar t ment of Commerce

John Mi nc k , as NCS L PreS ident , wro te a l etter t o Mr . Gee , a Vice Presien t of DuPont, who was on t he NBS Visiting Comnli t tee (appointed by t he Academy of Science) at t he time t he Corunit ­t ee wrote its r epor t on NBS fo r t he Sec retary o f Commerce . Jo hn a l so wrote to Dr. Bar uch , Assis tant Secretary of Commerce. In thes e let ters Jo hn expressed NCSL's co ncer n f or NBS ' s problems and o f f ered assis tance whe r ever possible. In parti cular, Mr. Gee 's r eply i ndi cated t hat ider. t if i cat i on of opec1[ic needs , problem a r ea s , an d va lues a re us eful .

Membe r ship .8.!J.l]Illl.2!.2'.

Hartwel l Kei t h summarized t he 1977 membership year , whi ch ende d Sep tembe r 14, 1977, as fol lows :

Total paid member or ganizat ions - 295 Domesti c membership - 279 Foreign membe r s hi p - 16

There have b een 62 new member organizations tha t hav e j oined NCSL dur i ng the pas t year , mak i ng i t ano t her dy namic year fo r NCSL.

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Bas com Birmingham (L) and Ron Kidd (R) . Sac Davidson (L) and Laurel Auxier (R) .

Dean Br ungar t t hanks Bob DeLapp f or hi s ou t ­standDlg wor k as past Region 7 Coor di na tor .

--.-........-..--_.­

Dean Brungar t (L) and Bob DeLapp (R) ponder Don Greb 's l a st f i nancia l report .

Chuck Corbr i dge . "Ha c " McKi nney (L) and Hugh Star l i ng (R) .

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Financial Repor ts

Don Greb s ubmi t t ed a f ina ncial r epor t fo r the 1977 NCSL Conference a t Boulder , and a t reas ­urer' s repor t for t he fi s ca l year 1976- 77 , October 1 , 1976 through Sep tembe r 30 , 1977 . (Ed. Note : These r epor t s a re a t t he end of t his a r t ic le. ) Discu s s i on pointed out that a $700 printing hill fo r the 1977 Conference i s still ou ts tanding an d t hat expenses an d income from two conferences are in t he FY ' 78 repor t . .

This report ing marked t he end of eight years of NCSL act ivi ty by Don Greb , and t he Board expressed its appreciation for Don's excellent work on beha l f of NCSL .

NBS Reor ganizat ion

Sponsor's Delegate Bascom Birmin gham r eviewed some of t he Nat i ona l Bur eau of Standard' s organizat ional his tory and said the propos ed r eorganization wi ll s treaml ine NBS and make it a more r es ponsive organization. He agreed t o summar ize t he la tes t news of the r eorganiza­tion f or the Newslet ter as soon as more can be publ ished .

Board Decisions ~e Del i nquen t Member s hi p

>:;, All "members " who have not paid t heir dues since 197 6 wi l l be r emoved f rom f i l e .

Ques t ionnaire on NBS Servi ces i s Planne d

The Na tional Measurement Requirements Commi t t ee i s pl a nni ng a questi onnair e on 1~ S s ervices a nd t he suppor t requi r ement s of NCSL membe rs . This wi l l be di stribut ed at the time of the next NBS SP 250 do cument mail i ng .

Handbok on ~~ is Planned

NBS au thors will be wor ki ng on a Handho ok descr i b i ng various approaches to Measur ement Assurance Programs . It i s repor ted t ha t Dick Smith of t he NBS Elect romagne tics Div i s i on wi l l be t he main a uthor .

B iom~~jc al Safety Standards

Barney Anderson does no t have t he t i me t o co nti nue as Chai rman of t he Biomedical Safety Standa rds Commi t tee but hopes t o be able to cont i nue as a commit tee member . The Boa rd of Di r e c tor s expressed its app reciaiton f or Bar ney 's dy na mic ef f or t s i n leadi ng t his commit tee.

Andy Dickson of Varian wa s a ppo i n ted a s t he new ch a irman . Andy introduced commi t tee members Ar thur Vogt , J ohn Graver , and Ger on Smi th t o t he Boa r d ; o t he r commi tt ee member s J i m Qua il a nd Gary Edwards were no t pre sent. The comnrit tee 's focus wi l l be upon r egulator y nmt t er s a nd safety s tandards r ela ting to biomedical safety .

1977 Conferenc e Repo r t

The 19 77 NCS L Workshop was an ou ts t and i ng s ucces s , both t echnically and fina nc i al ly (s ee the finan cial repor t at the end of t his a r t ic l e) , and the Boa r d commende d Dean Brungart a nd J i m Va lent i no , Conference co -Chai rmen , f or their s plend id work in or ga ni zi ng and managing the conference . (Incidentally , J im is r ecovering very well f rom heart s urgery l ast Jul y. )

The best session at t he Wor ks hop . a s vo ted by the Conf erence a t tendees, was "Labora tory Accredi t a ti.on and Sel f -Eval uat i on, " chaired by Denn is Gallagher .

Dea n Bru ngart gav e sp ecial thanks t o Bascom Bi rmingham , Ken Arms t r ong , Hel en Valdez , and Sandy Peehl fo r their outs tanding a ssis t ance in planning , arrangements, r egistration, and many other ac t i v i ties . Kaye Birmi ngham and Laura Kid d wer e t he guiding light s of a ve ry enj oyable s pouse s ' program.

~alib ration Int erva l s, Productivi~y Mea sur emen t , and Work Analys is to be St udied

The Calibration Sys t ems Ma nagement Committ ee, c haired by George Rice , i ntends to pu rsue t hr ee s tudies t hi s coming year:

(1) Calibrat ion intervals : Obj ec tive--to identify innovations of us e in making cos t e f f ective sys t em changes.

(2) Productivi ty measurement : Iden t ification of sy s tems for measuring pr oductivi t y. (3) Wo rk ana l ys i s : How technic ian l a bor i s proportioned be twee n calibration versus

repa ir versus preven t ive maintenan ce.

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Recommende d Prac t ice on Spec if i cat ion Pres entation i s Bei ng Rewri t ten

The Produc t Design and Spec if i cat i ons Committee , chaired by Chuck Corbr idge , met Octobe r 3 a t t he GIDEP Operat ions Center a t Corona, Cal i fornia . Work on a gl ossary of t er ms se ems t o be the area of emphas is now. The t ar get da te for comple t ion of this draf t by the Commi t tee i s February 1978.

Membership Ki ts t o be Avai lable i n December

Membership Ki ts will be avai lable s omet ime in Decembe r for the use of t he member delega tes in expl a i ni ng NCSL to prospec tive m~iliers . The kit s wi l l include t he 1977 Direc t ory , a sample News l e t ter, and an upda t ed version of t he br ochure "What i s NCSL. "

Regiona l Reports

Region 1 : No meeti ngs have been he ld s ince t he l ast Board meeting but one i s plaruled f or t he spring of 1978.

Reg ion 2: Three meet i ngs are pla ruled i n FY '78, with the f i r s t t o be held on Nov embe r 3 a t Leeds and Northr up , Nor th Wales , Pennsylvania .

Regi on 3 Hugh Star l ing i s the new Direc to r and Marl i n J ohns on is t he new Regiollal Coordinator .

Region 4: The next meet ing wi l l be November 8 in Or l ando , Florida , at the Hewle t t Packard r egional office .

Region 5 : The next mee ting is s cheduled f or Novembe r 18 a t the Holiday I nn, Rose mont, Illinoi s.

Regi on 7 : Stephe n Henneber ry of Wat ki ns Jo hnson Company is t he new Regiona l Coordina ­t or. Bob DeLapp , pa s t coo rdina tor , was thanked fo r hi s outstandi ng wor k . The next mee t i ng i s planned fo r ear ly November .

Reg ion 8 : A wor ks hop was he ld on Sept ember 26 i n Los Angeles . Ther e wer e 53 a t tendees : 42 r epres ent ed 28 NCSL member organizations and 11 r epr e sented 9 gues t or gan­iz a t ions , pr i mar i ly f rom t he U. S. govermen t .

I n terna t iona l Re gi on : Mac McKinney i s the new co ordinato r . The i mpor tance of t he common mea s urement i nt eres t and t he v al ue of mut ual ass is tance were emphasized .

Liaison Report s

GIDEP: The Me t ro logy Commit tee met Oc t ober 4 a t Costa Mesa, Cal ifornia, in conjunc t ion wi t h the annual GIDEP Wo rkshop . Fr ank Rog ue of Lawrence Laboratories a t Liver ­mor e , Califor nia, was ree lected committee cha i rman for 1977-781 The next commi t ­t e e meeting wi l l be held at Lawre nce Labor atorie s in Mar ch 1978, and t he next GIDEP annual worksbop wi l l be held in Alb uquerque on Oc tober 8 , 1978 .

P}~ : The annual Board of Di rec t ors meet i ng was hosted by the Los Angeles sec tion on Sept ember 28, 1977. The P~ Na t i onal offices will be tran s f erred to t he GIDEP Oper a t ions Cen ter by t he end o f 1977 .

Seni or memb erships wer e awarded to a number of individuals i ncluding Rolf Schu­macher (Rockwe l l I nternat ional) , our Reg i on 8 Coordinator , and Doug Strain (E.S . I .) , winner of t he 1977 Wild ha ck Award . Ot hers r eceiving senior memberships were: Nor m Beleck i (NBS) , Woody Eicke (NBS) , Juli us Gargyi (Teledyne), Alg ie Lance (TRW), Fred Hume (Fluke), and Jo hn Van Groos (Ret i r ed) .

NCSL/ NBS Fell owship Program

After r eview of t he l a ck of progress i n finding a cand i da te f or t he NCSL/ NB S Fel lowship Program , the Board of Dir ectors reconfirmed it s bel i ef that the Eel.lot....ship Progr am ha s much poten t i al val ue and s houl d be pursued v igorous ly .

Changes in the NCSL Bylaws

Cha nges are:

Art icle III sec tion A wi l l be changed t o r ead a s f ol l ows:

" NCSL recognizes tha t the nation' s standards l aboratories const i t ute a major segment of t he national sys tems (wa$ sys tem) of physical measur ement. In t he Uni t ed States of America , the Congr es s ha s assigned to t he Na t iona l Bureau of St anda rds , U. S. Depar t ment of Commerce, t he primary respons i bil ity fo r this national system, and NCSL ha s accor d ­i ngl y s ough t and r eceived the s pons or shi p of NBS . NCS L looks t o NBS t o i nitiate the . . . . (did r e ad - l ooks to NBS and i ts i nstitutes t o i nit i a te . .. . )

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Article IV section B wi l l be ch anged t o r ead:

"NBS s hall be enti t led to appoin t one Sponsor 's Delega te , wi th du t i es and pr ivileges as def ined by Article VI- B and each of its Measurement Center s (did r ead - I ns t i t utes and Di vis ions) s ha l l be ent i t l ed .. . u . . - .­

Art icle VIII paragraph 4 beginni ng wi t h "Gen eral Meetings , ... " will be changed t o r ead:

"Gene ral Meet i ngs , s uch a s conferences , sympos i a, workshops, seminars , faci li ty vi sits, r egi ona l meetings (added ), e tc . , s ha l l be held a t t i mes deemed ap pr opr ia te by the Board of Dir ectors or the Exec ut ive Commi t tee and/or Regional Coor di nato rs as app r opria te, (added) and may be s ponsored ... u - -­

The Board of Di rec tors r e quest ed J im Valentino to r ev i ew t he bylaws fo r t he purpos e o f upda t i ng them with part i cular cons idera t ion given t o the i mpac t of the pr opos ed NBS r eorgan­ization and Graham Cameron 's r ecommendations fo r i nterna t iona lizing the byl aws.

1978 Conference Pl ans Underway

Sam David son, Conference co -Chairman , pres en ted propos al s t o the Boar d on t he Conferenc e . (The lates t inf ormation on the conferenc e i s presented as a se parate item elsewhere in thi s Newsle t t er .)

OIML Me e t ing Repor t

Bot h Bascom Birmingham and J ohn Minck pres ented r eports on the organizat i onal mee t i ng for Pilot Secre t a riat 22 held a t Boul de r , Colorado , on Sep t embe r 15 and 16, 1977 .

Near ly thirty people f rom i ndus t ry and gover nmen t a t tended . At thi s mee ting t he Pilot Secretaria t was organi ze d , as wel l as three Repor t i ng Sec retaria ts , which are also hel d by t he Unit ed St a t es .

Repo r t i ng Sec retariats 3 and 4 were combi ne d and will deal wi t h "Patt ern Eval ua t ion and Ver i f ica tion of Measuring I ns t r uments . " Davi d Edger ly , NBS Of f ice of I n terna t ional Stand­a rds, was e l ec t ed Chair man ; and Richa rd Thompson, Offi ce of Weights and Measures of the s t a te of Mary land , was elec ted Vice-Chairman . Elec ted f or Repor ting Sec r e t ar i a t 6 "Pr inc i ­ple s of As sur anc e of Me t r ological Con t ro l " were Dr . Brian Belanger, NBS Off ice of Measure­men t Ser Vi ces , Cha irman ; and Donald Greb , Lockheed Missil es and Space Company , Vice-Cha i r ­man.

Byl aws were ado p ted , and plans wi l l be mad e during t he comi ng mon t hs f or each Rep orting Sec r e t ar ia t t o cOlrunence work on propo sed i nter na tiona l recommenda t i ons .

1977-1978 NCSL Budge t Reviewed and Appr ove d

The Boar d co ns idered bud get i tems and a pproved th e Budget as displayed a t t he end of this article.

NCSL Goa ls f or 1978

Af ter s ome discuss ion, t he followin g areas of NCSL ac t i v i ty were id ent i fi ed t o r ec eive priority consider a t ion t his c oming year :

"'MAP programs *Expa nded management studies *Get more organiza t ions t o join NCSL "'Educat i on and Tra i ning "'Calibration System ~~nagemen t

"'Calibra tion Labora t ory Automa t i on "'Fol l ow NVL4P program clos ely "'Make s ure t hat top management i s aware of and understand s NCSL ' s goa ls and functions

A Cha llenge t o Membe rs I Delegates!! l :

How well does the top man gement of our membe r organiza tions "know" NCSL? How well do ot her s in the or gani za t i on "know" NC SL?

Sugges t i ons t o the Members' Delega t es :

*Di s t r ibute t he Newsle t ters t o upper man agement. *St rive t o be i nfor med of NCSL act i vi t i es. *Pr ovide Regi ona l Coor di nato r s wi t h more "ammunition" f or the ir r e gional meet i ngs i n

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-11­

or de r to s t imula te a t tendance by upper mana gement. "'Cal l to t he a ttention of management "news" i tems and o t her i nforma t ion that may have economic or compe t i tive po sition i mpac t, point i ng out t ha t NCSL was t he so urce of this i nformat i on , e .g. , MI L- C- 45662B, SP250, MAP Hand book , NB S reorganization , e tc .

Hank Daneman Recovering f r om Heart At tack

Hank Daneman , cha irman of the Education and Training Coemit tee , ha.d a heart a t tack Septem­be r 17 , 1977 and is at home r ecouperating.

Tour of t he Me trology Laboratory of the Lock heed Hiss ll"'s and Spa ce CoalDany

Bob Web er of Lockheed t ook the Boa r d of Di rec to rs on an ex tensive and impr es s i v e t our of the Lockheed Me t r ol ogy Lab orator y. The de tai ls of the t our are r epor t ed el sewhere i n th ~s

issue . ........ ... ... ....~ ~~~ ~

NCSL TREASURER 'S REPORT FISCAL YEAR 1976-77

Oct ober 1976 through 30 Septembe r 1977

Li ne Ba l ances Star t Fini sh

1 Chec king Accoun t $ 7 ,520 .31 $ 1,770.17 2 Sav i ugs Accounts 38 , 005 . 04 37,074. 84 3 Sec retariat Account in Boulder 817 .00 198 . 00 4 Total Res erves 46 ,342 .35 39,043 .0 1 5 Increas e (Deacrease) in Fund s ($ 7,299 .34)

6 Receip ts , Total 37, 672.1 7

7 Dues and Newsle t ter Su bscr ipt i ons 15,160 .00 8 I nterest on Sav i ngs Acco unts 2 ,070 .80 9 1976 Confe rence 6, 289 .71

10 Regiona l Meet ings 324 .00 11 1977 Copf e r ence 12, 348. 00 12 Check from I BM 840 .00 13 Refund from NBS 639 . 66

14 Dis bursemen ts , Tota l 44 ,9 71.5 1

15 Meetings and Programs 576. 84 16 Honors and Awar ds 3 ,4 17 .59 17 Educat ion and Tra ining 615.74 18 1976 Conference 16,031.58 19 1977 Conference 6, 193. 36 20 Newsle t ter 7,548 .40 21 Inf ormation and Directory 50.00 22 Other Conunit tees 623 ,24 23 Sec re taria t 3 ,6 19 . 00 24 Statione ry and Pos tage 572. 63 25 Petty Cash 26 .86 26 Pr es ident' s Expenses 1, 875. 60 27 Treasurer 's Expenses 36 1. 32 28 Regiona l Meetings 619. 35 29 Wildhack Awards 2, 000. 00 30 Chec k t o I BM 840 . 00

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FINAL EXPENSE BUDGET STATUS FIS CAL YEAR 1976- 77

Ac count Total

Expenses Budge t Ba lance

lA Meetings and Prog rams $ 800 .00 $ 576 . 84 $ 223 .16 l B Honor s and Awards 3,000 .00 3, 417 .59 (417 .49) lC Education and Training 500 . 00 615 .74 ( 115.74) 10 1976 Conf er enc e 12 ,200 .00 16,03 1,58 0 ,83 1,58) I E 1977 Conference 0. 00 6, 193 .36 (6, 193 .36) 4A Newsl e t ter 8,000 .00 7,548.40 451. 60 4B Information a nd Direc t ory 2 ,800 .00 50 .00 2, 750.00 4C Other Commit t ees 1,000 .00 623 .24 376.76

Total Commit tee Account s $28 , 300 . 00 $35, 056 . 75 $(6 , 756 . 75)

Bl Secr e t ar i a t $ 2,000.00 $ 3,6 19 .00 $(1 ,6 19 .00) B2 St a tionery and Pos tage 200 .00 572 . 63 (3 72 .63) B3 Petty Cash 50. 00 26. 86 23 . 63 Cl Pr es i dent' s Expenses 1,500 .00 1, 875. 60 (375 .60) C2 Treasur er ' s Expens e s 400 .00 361, 32 38 .68 C3 Regional Meet ings 500 .00 619 .35 (119.35) C4 Wildhack Awards 1, 00 0. 00 2,000 .00 (1,000.00) C5 NCSL/NBS Fellowship Program 3,000.00 0 .00 3,000 .00

Total Oper atin g Expenses $ 8 ,650 .00 $ 9,074 .76 $ (424 .76 )

Totals $36 , 950 . 00 $44, 131. 51 $( 7, 181. 51)

1977 NCSL CONFERENCE FINAL REPORT

13 October 1977

Rece i pt s , Total .. $12 ,348.00

Expense s , Total • . $ 6 , 193 .36 Supp lies 172. 98 Banquet 2,982 . 78 Broker Inn 2,314.60 Bus Company 578 .00 Ref unds 145. 00

Pr ofits. . $ 6 , 154 .64

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~C S L BUDGET FOR FI SCAL YEAR 1977-78 (October 1, 1977, through Sept ember 30 , 1978

' ~/ BUDGETED EXPENSES - Committee Acc ounts

lA Meetings and Programs $ 600 IB Honors and Awards 3 ,000 l C Education and Training 600 qA Newsletter 8 , 000 4B Information and Directory 5,500 4C Ot her Committe es 1,000

'I'ot aLiComrnf.t t ee Accounts 18 , 700

BUDGET EXPENSES - Oper a t i ons

Bl Sec r e t ar i a t 3 , 000 82 Sta t i oner y and Postage 300 B3 Petty Cash 50 Cl President' s Expenses 2,500 C2 Tr easurer' s Expenses qOO C3 Regional Meeting Suppor t 600

Total Operati ons 25, 550

ESTIMATED I NCOMi

Dues and Newsletter Subscriptions 14,000 Interest on Sav i ngs Accoutns 2,100

Total Estimated Income 16,100

ESTDIATED I NCREASE (DECREASE) IN FUNDS (9, q50 )

Approve d by action of NCSL Board of Di r ec t or s on Oc t ober l q, 1977 .

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-1 4­At tendees a t t he Board of Direc to rs Mee t ing

Pres ident L. Auxier (Beckman Inst ruments, I nc .) Executive Vic e Presiden t : R. E. Kidd (Microwave Ass ociates) Vice Presidents: D. Brungar t (Teledyne Sys tems Company)

G. Cameron (Depar t ment of National Defence) J . Lee (Honeywell , Inc. )

Sec re tary : H. C. Kei th (Aeronu tronic Ford) Treasurer: R. DeLapp (S .R.I .) Sponsor 's Delega te: B. W. Birmingham (National Bureau of St andar ds ) Di recto rs : M. J . Co r rigan (Lockheed Electronics)

S. L . Dav idson (Schluroberger We l l Service) R. Lady (Loc kheed Georgia Co.) J . C. McKinney (U. S. Army Metro . and Calib . Cent er ) H. C. St a r ling (General El ec t r i c Cor p . )

Pas t Pr es iden t : J . L. Minck (Hewle t t -Packar d) Secre taria t : L. K. Ar ms t r ong (National Bureau of Staudards) Newsl et ter Editor: \~ . Anson (Na t i onal Bureau of Standa rds ) Regional Coor di na t or : C. D. Koop (Rockwel l - Col l i ns ) Commi t tee Cha i rmen : B. Anderson (Beckman I nst ruments, Inc. )

C. Corbridge (Tek t ronix) G. M. Davidson (TRW DSS6) A. H. Dickson (Va r i an ) R. B. Engl and (Generaly Dynamics, Pomona) D. Ga l laghe r (Leeds and Nor t hrup Company) G. Rice (Rockwell -Autone tics) R. L. Weber (Loc kheed Miss i le and Space Company)

Pas t Treasurer: D. Greb (Loc khe ed Mill i les and Space Company) Commi t t ee Members: J . W. Graver (Adam Systems)

G. E. Smith (Y. S. 1., Inc .) A. R. Vog t ( I ITRl)

Attending t he Oc t ober NCSL Board Meet ing were: (Back r ow, l eft t o r i ght ) M. McKinney , B. Birmingham, C. Koop, J . Minck , K. Armstrong , B. Lady , G. Davidson , G. Rice, B. Ander son , J . Graver, A. Vogt . (Mi ddle r ow) D. Gal laghe r , 1:1. Star l i ng , M. Cor r igan, B. Weber, C. Cor bridge , G. Smi t h , A. Dickson , P . England , S . Davidson . (Front r ow) H. Kei th , G. Graham, R. Ki dd , L. Auxier. D. Brungar t , J. Lee , B. DeLapp .

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NCSL ANNUAL REPORT - 1977 by John Minck, NCSL President: 1976-1 977

I nt r oduc t ion

1977 was a significan t year f or NCSL. Our pa i d membersh ip i nc reased f r om 201 in Octobe r 1976 t o 295 i n October 1977. Organiza t ionally, our commit tee sys tem and most of our r egion s were more a c tive . We held a h i ghly s uc cessful worksh op-format a nnua l co nfe rence i n Boul de r . Our financial sit ua tion is s t rong , even with incr ea s ed ex pe nd i t ure l evels.

Orga ni za t i on

In my op i nion , the organi za t iona l structure of NCS L i s op timum a t this time. Board Membe rs i nc l ude vice pres i dents who man age t he commit tee system and di r ectors who mana ge t he r egi on s. The Executive Vi ce Pres i de n t i s now r esponsible f or annua l r ev i s i on s of the l ong-range pl an as well as for liai son delegat es. The l ong-range plan activity wi l l ade qua tely prepare R. E. Kidd for the aut omat ic access ion t o Preside nt. The Board has been v ery ac t ive and has received excel lent s upp or t f r om their c ompanies . At tenda nce a t Board Meetings ha s increa s ed: Las Vegas, 21; Ottawa , 23 ; a nd Boul der, 24 . I beli eve thi s is important becau s e a t tenda nce by co mmi t tee c ha irmen and r egional coor dina tors i mpr oves communica t i on about priori t ies and ac tivi ­tie s. I t a lso incr ea se s t he number of available candida tes f or pr ogress i on into Board assign ­ments .

Bascom Bi r mingham, our Sponso r 's Delegat e , ha s prepared spec ial mater i al wi t h important i ns ights i nt o NBS for each Board Meet i ng . Conside ring hi s r e s pons i bilit i e s as Direc tor of the Boul der Labora t or ies , h i s involvement i n a nd suppor t of NCS L have been ou t s tanding this year. Dr . McCoubrey and Br i a n Belanger o f NBS hav e al so co ntr i bu t ed s upp or t and i nforma tion t o NCSL.

Trans fer of t he Sec re t aria t to Boulder was su cc essfully completed . Computer programs and mai l ­i ngs now opera t e smoothly und er the direc t ion of Ken Armstrong .

Commit tee Activi ty

Honors a nd Awa r ds - Do ug Doi co ntinues to do a de tailed j ob as a one - ma n commi t tee . Because Doug is so wel l organized , r ou t ine and s pec i al co nference awards are given exped i tious ly .

Educat ion a nd Tr aining - n lis commi t tee i s one of our most i mportant, as our members hav e r e peatedly a ffirmed. The commit tee has been revi tal i zed by the fine work of Hank Dan eman . I n addi t i on t o sett i ng up a full s taff a nd s ubcommit tees , Hank al so comple ted a s urvey and r ep ort, which have been published. The l end ing library tra i ning t ap es a re now availabl e f rom the NCSL Sec re taria t a t NBS , Boul de r .

Meetings and Pr ogr ams - Sam Davi dso n, a no t he r one - ma n commit tee , is r esponsibl e f or c ommunica­tion between t he Board and r egions on current t opics of interest and thi s has worked wel l t hi s year .

Ca l ibration Sys tems Management - I conside r t his our central f ocu s commi t tee. A us e fu l f l ow of data can be c reated t o hel p ca l ibra tion laboratory ma nagers with day-to-da y matt er s: calibr a ­tion cycle , t echnician pay scales , e tc . George Rice i s us ing t he Annua l Conferen ce Wor ks hop t o se t up so me priorit i es .

Measurement Ass urance - This i mportant commi t tee was r elatively inactiv e thi s year. Wi t h a new c ha i rma n , Gary Davidson o f TRW, we expec t new programs to emerge with some of t he NBS service cha nges a nd wi t h trends toward l abor a t or y ce r tifica tion.

Produc t Design and Spe ci f icat i ons - Chuck Corbr i dge of Tektron i x has don e an outs tanding job on this committee . There have been several meet ings a nd useful mail i ngs . Product design and sp ecificat i ons wi l l have a tremend ou s i mpact on fu t ure cal i brat ion costs.

Cal ibra t i on La b Automa t ion - Pete England has a lso don e an impressive job wi t h hi s commit tee . Several s urveys ha ve been r un a nd published . ThLs area a lso i n t eres ts calibra tion l a bor ator y management .

Nat io na l Meas ur ement Requiremen ts - Frank Flynn has been ve ry ac t ive on thi s commit tee. Beca use NBS pr ojec t pr iorit ies f or its l ong-r an ge planni ng need NCSL input, NMR is a pa r ticular ly important area . Fr ank r an one of the Boul de r wor kshops and thi s worked to ga i n new input.

Labor ator y Evaluation - Dennis Gallaghe r has wor ke d ha r d on thi s commi ttee. This is a cri t ical a rea when one consi ders the pres ent ac t i v i ty on NVLAP a nd the Sena te Bi l l S825 . The cOmmi t tee is also working on l abor atory sel f-evalua tion .

Bi omedi cal Elec t r ical Sa fe ty - Bar ne y Ande rsou has mad e thi s commit tee one of our mos t ac tive . The committ ee met a t eac h l ocation o f our Board Meet i ngs and is investi gat ing new ar eas i n biomedi cal s afe ty , including ways t o i nf l uence medical product l egislation . Becau s e Bar ney

-16­had t o resign for company reasons, he was replaced by Andr ew Dickson of Varian .

Newslet ter - The Newsle t ter is literally t he l if e blood of NCSL. Hi t h many of our opera tions spread out geograp hical ly a nd i n time , our most impor tan t cO~lillnicat ion link i s the Newsle t ter . Wilbur fulso n continues t o publish a notable work fo ur t i mes a year. Wilbur is very conscien­t i ous about hi s wor k an d s pends time ch ecki ng and cross-chec king not just the form but the co n tent as wel l. I t i s a well -run opera ~i on.

Informa t ion an d Direc t ory - Jim Gilber t 's work on t he Direc tory is ver y impor tant. The pr oduc­tion of the Direc tory , wi th i ts br eadth of de t ail , pr oceeds smoothly . This year the Board made a deCis ion t o publish t he Direc tory in the fall of each year . The small mar keting brochure plus a packet of o ther NCSL pub l ici ty wil l soon be mai led t o 2500 manufacturing companies to enco urage awareness a nd t o i ncreas e membership .

Recommende d Prac tices - Bob DeLapp o rganized and s taffed th i s commi t tee. He is now Treasurer, and Bob Web er of Lockheed wi l l t ake over the commit tee .

Sec re taria t

The wor k of Ken Arnlst rong of the NBS Boul de r Labor atorie s Administra t ion Office and several of his secretaries and assistants has been outstand i ng. All computer pr ograms and lis ts have been upda ted. Mailings go ou t r egularl y . Ken a lso handle s the training t ape lending l ibrary ac tiv­i ties from Boulder. We are very pleased wi th t hi s operat i on.

Regiona l Opera t ions

Regional meet ings are crucia l becau s e a l l member s can ' t a t tend the Annual Conference, and muc h use ful work takes place i n t hes e informal l ocal ga t he r i ngs . I 've be en a l i t tle disappoin ted in t he rela t ively smal l grow th of i nternat ional membership (from 9 t o 16) . We s till see inter na­t ional growth as desi rable, however. Since Jim Valen tino is now a vice pres ident, the new In terna t ional Coordi na tor i s Mac McKinney .

Several reg ions were re latively i nact ive i n 1977. At temp ts sh ould be made so t ha t a ll r egions have a min imum of one t o two meetings a year .

Financial

Our posi tion is s trong. We began the year wi th $46 ,342 an d ended wi th $39 ,043 . Expenses have been rising for a var ie ty of r ea so ns , incl uding more pos tage and services a t NBS Secretaria t . Because our ' 77 Annua l Conference was held before the end of t he f ica l year , we had t he expense of t wo conferences a nd t wo Wildhack Awards ($2 ,000) in one year . The '7 6 Conference l ost $9 ,742 but the '7 7 Conference made $5 , 155 . Thus , cor r ected for th es e ex traord i nary changes, we came c lose to holding our own. This i ndi cat es t hat we shoul d price t he ililnual Conference sligh t ly on t he high s ide.

Several pro forma projec t i ons have been made in t he l ong-range plans t o co ns~der whe ther or no t dues should be i ncreas ed . The resul ts show little reason fo r an increase unl es s , and until, t he NCS L/NBS Fellow Program is es tab lished .

ililnual Conference

Since t he previous Joi nt Measurement conferences have cea sed , NCS L made a de c i s i on to have an ililnual Conference , al terna ting between NBS 's Boulder and Gai thersburg l aboratories . A decision was made t hi s year to r evert to a ful l wor ks hop fonna t a t Boul der .

The Workshop was well received and over -subscribed . In ad dit ion , i t made a handsome prof it . Dean llrungar t of Teledyne and J im Valentino of Sanders, assisted by Ken Armstrong and Helen Valdez of NBS , are respons ible for an outs tanding job .

General

Doug Strain of E.S .I. Company was chosen as ths year's recipient of the Wil dhack Awar d . Doug is c learly deserving of t his award fo r hi s many years of wor k i n t he meas uremen ts f i eld an d for his s ta tesman 's role in our business .

For several years the Board has t ri ed t o es tablish an NCS L/~~S Fel low Progr am, which would place an ind ustry/NCSL person in r es i denc e a t NBS t o work on managemen t rela tions be t:ween NCSL and NBS . This person would c oncentra te on long - range mat ters of concern to bo th organiza t i ons . The program was no t i ns ti tnted in 1977, bu t t he Board reconfir med a t t he Augus t Board Meeting tha t i t sup por ts a n NCSL/NBS Fel low . More effort wi l l be made in 1978 to begi n t hi s program.

- 17­

Conc lusion

I beli ev e 1977 ha s been a good year for NCS L a nd for most of our or ganiza t ions . Our gr oup of exper ienced off icers a nd commit t eemen has more depth than just a year ago . I want t o t ha nk everyone who ha s wor ked hard t o make our NCSL organiza t i on effect ive .

~l a mor e somber note, we s ho uld be aware of the pr oblems fa cing our spo nsor, NBS , specifica l ly the I ns t i t ute for Bas ic Standa r ds . Our high t echnology measurement sec t or r elates primarily t o

" I BS. Most of us know o f the s t r ingent bud ge t pr essur es ex perienced by NBS i n the last several yea r s , and we have s een the effec ts in s e rvice c ur ta i l ments and in r eduction i n fo rce .

This ominou s trend s hould conc er n a l l of us as members of the industrial sector with the mos t crucial need for s uper i or meas urement t echnology. I t i s incumbent on everyone of US to mak e s ur e t ha t the governme n t managers r e sp onsibl e f or NBS pr io r i t ies r e cognize the c r ucial r ole o f of high t echnology measuremen t s in s uppor ting the nation' s industria l techno logy a nd , in turn , the impac t of the high t echology i ndustry on our t r ad e position. This advo cacy s hould be on e of NCSL's primar y ac t iv i t ies in 1978 .

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- 18­

LOCKHEED MEASUREMENT STANDARDS LABORATORIES

Dur ing the Octobe r 13-14 , 1977 Board of Di rec tor s meet i ng at Sunnyvale , Cal i fornia" a t tending members had an oppo r tuni ty t o t our the Lockheed Missiles & Spa ce Comp any (LMSC) Standards Lab­oratories . The member s were i mpres s ed wi t h the wi de r ange of s t andar ds l aborator y capabi l i t ies, ex tensive a utoma t ic s ys t ems , and s ta te- of - t he-a r t measuremen t sys tems .

The Measurement St andards La borator~es (MSL) a t LMSC, Sunnyvale , i s the agency r es pon s i ble for the cal ib rat ion and mai ntena nce of t est i ns t rumen ts , t ools, and sys tems f or four majo r company d ivisions . This respons ibi l i ty extends over an equipment populat ion in ex cess of 50 ,000 unit s valued at approxi mately $70 mill ion. Servici ng is pe rformed bo t h on-si te and in-lab wi t h ex tens ive us e of au tomated s yst ems cal i br a t i on procedures .

Highlighting Lockh eed' s pr i mary s t anda r ds measurement capabi l i ty is the Fl uke Aut omat ic Cali ­bra t ion System (ACS ) . The ACS i s predomi nant ly used fo r aut omat i c ca l ib r ation of missile checkou t systems cal i bration conso les , bu t i t i s al so us ed t o cal i bra t e selec ted progr ammable ins trumen t s. The multi-user ACS (up t o e i gh t us ers simultaneously ) is eq ua l ly valuable in other a reas where it is us ed t o process meas urement da t a, pe rform rel iabi l i ty ana lyses from fai l ure data, and provide compu ter -ai de d r e pair programs.

The I ns t rumen t Se rvice Labora t ory is s uppor t ed by t wo au to mated Fl uke T- 10 sy s tems ca l i br a t i ng ampli fiers, di gital vo ltmeters , a nd osc i l loscopes . Expande d us e of t hes e sys tems has r esulted in a dramat i c 80%-t o-90% decr ea se i n serv ice hou r s per unit.

The a cquis i tion o f Hewlett-Pa ckar d' s Automat ic Networ k Anal yz er \ fu~A) ha s ex panded passive mi cr owave measurement capabi lit y as wel l as increa s ed accuracy and dec reased ca l ibr a t ion time. The fu~A, equi pped wi t h a per ipher al printer to produce instant gr a phs or t ables, is us ed t o cali br a te coupl er s, t erminations, at t enu a tor s , mismat ch e s , and filters .

In add i t ion to t he automatic systems no ted above, rece n t ac quisi t ions of an Unholt z- Di ckie acceleromet er calibra tion system, Veeco -MKS va cuum gauge ca libra tion sy s tem, Thunde r Scient i fic humi di ty gene ra tor an d meas uring sys tem, Flow Te chnol ogy ba l l i s tic f low ca l i br a t or , dynamic pres s ure calibrator and the app l ica tion of l a s er int erferometer t echniques have great ly en­han ced t he c apabili ties of the Lockheed cal ibr a t i on organ izat ion. Additiona l a pplications of mi croprocessor-based equi pmen t, computers , and progr ammable ca l cula tors ar e part of Lockheed' s plan to reduce it s l ab or cos t s and provi de t he t ec hnology to me et metr ology r equirement s of new, complex, t est-and-measur ement ~ystems .

The l ogi stics and dat a sys tems s up por ting the Measurement Standards Labora tories were also exp l ained t o the group , promp t i ng many questions. Lockheed uses a r eal -t i me da t a managemen t sys tem encompass i ng ca libr a t ion a nd i nstrument poo l acti vities.

Any quest i ons r elating to the Lockheed-Sunnyvale Standards Labora t or i es s houl d be direc ted t o Bob Weber a t (408) 742-2957 .

Hewl ett-Packa rd 8542B Au tomat ic Network Analyze r .

- 19­

Fluke Ant omat i c Ca libration System.

Fluke TiO Osc i l l os cope Station .

- 20­Biomedica l Safe ty Commi t tee Act ivi t ies

The biomedic al Sa fe ty commit tee met on October 13 a t the Spinco Divison o f Beckman I ns tr uments , Inc . , in Palo Al to . New members were int rod uced an d objec tives for 1977 -78 were discussed . Nldy Dickson of Varian was i n trod uced as Chairman . Geron Smi t h of Yellow Spr i ngs I ~s trument

Company agreed to handle Vice-Chairman du t ies . Fol lowing the meet i ng the commit tee toured t he Spi nc o manu f acturing facilities for an i nteresting pr es entati on on medical and indus t r ial c en­trifuges.

The pri mary objective o f the commit tee wil l be t o provide i nfor mation and ass istance in mat ters re la ting to biomedi cal safe ty and s tandards . The commit tee membe rs also expres s ed a n int er es t in inf l uen cing medical pr oduct l e gi slati on (wi t hi n t he charters of t he cOlnmittee an d t he Nationa l Conferenc e o f Standa r ds Labo r a t or Le s ) .

The c ommi ttee att e nded the Board of Direc tors meeting on October 14 and t hen toured the X-ray Imaging Divis ion of Varian (whe re the CT Scanner is built ) and t he Ins trumen t Divisi on , which bui l ds ~ffi equipm ent , gas chromatographs , an d related ins trumen ts .

PLANNING FOR THE 1978 NCSL WORKSHOP WELL UNDERWAY

The 1978 annua l NCSL Wor ks hop and Sympos ium , co-cha ired by Brian Belanger of NBS and Sam David­s on of Schl umberger Wel l Services , will be co nducted i n Gai thersburg , Maryland, duri ng the week of October 2, 1978 . This year 's format wi l l consist of paper pr es entations at the t wo Wednes ­day sessions fo llowed Thursday by six d i f f erent wor kshops s c he duled so that ea ch a t tendee wi ll have the opportunity t o attend five workshops . The workshops and presen ta tions are be ing developed under various cOlnmi t tee c hairmen of the NC SL s tanding commi t t ees . The ge neral theme o f t he Workshop and Symposium i s THE REGULATORY IMPACT ON METROLOGY MANAGEMENT . The workshop sessions wi ll emphasize thorough s ubjec t di s cu s s i ons oriented t oward probleln solving .

The topics presen t ly planned are as f ol l ows:

I. PAPERS:

The Meas urement COlDllluni ty- -Viewed f r om the Regulatory Agency and Vice Versa Is Universa l Labora tory Accred i tat i on Pract ical?

II . WORKSHOPS:

Measu r ement Ass urance Program Educati on and Training Accredi tat ion/Enfor cement an d Honi to r i ng of Labora t or i e s Legal Me tr ol ogy ~ Home and Abroad Physical and Mechanica l Measuremen ts In s t rumentati on and Measu rement Standar?s }mnagement

~-,~----~-~-~---~-

REVISION OF MIL-C-45662A AGAIN BEING CONSIDERED

A r ev 1s10n of MIL-C -45662A is aga i n und er cons i de ration . Mr. Vogt in CODE DARCON has been no t if ied of NCSL 's desire t o pa r tic i pa te in r eviewi ng any r evision th a t may be propo s ed. Mr . Boyle from that o ffice has given verba l assurance t o Laurel Auxier th a t NCSL wi ll be included in the l is t of r ev i ewers. However, Mr. Boyle fee l s i t is premature t o disc us s any por t i on of . the r ev i s i on at t hi s time. As more facts become available , they wi l l be passed a long .

-~---_._----~---------- -------------­BOARD OF DI RECTORS MEETING SCHEDULE

The NCSL Board o f Director s meet ing schedule fo r 1978 has been t entat i vely es tabl ished as follows :

January 26-27, 1978 New Or leans , LA J une 1- 2, 1978 Seat t le , WA October 2-3 , 1978 Gai thersburg , MD

-2 1­

REGI ON 2 DISCUSSES THEfu~ O COUPLE CALIBRATION

The Region 2 meeting held November 3, 1977, discussed ca l i br a t i on and user problems with thermo­couple mea s ur i ng systems; Don Roberson of Leed s and Nor t hr up led the discus s ion . The meeting was hosted by D. Gallagher at Leeds and Nor t hrup, No r t h Wales, Penn sylvania. John At t anasi o , Region 2 Co or di na t or , presided. Sevent een member delegates from Region 2 attended.

Training was another major t opic. Those present indicated an interest in running a training program conc ur r ent with a r egional meeting. Such a program would be geared toward t echnicians or those responsible for training technicians. The r egion will be polled via a questionnaire on its training needs and willingness to participat e.

The next meeting will be January 12, 1978, at RCA Solid St a t e Divis ion, Somerville, New Jersey. S. Smi th will be host .

-~------~~-~_._~-----~~---~-_._-~--~--------~----~ -~~~

HI GHLIGHTS OF THE OCTOBER REGION 3 MEETING

The Region 3 meeting was held at the Johns Hopkins Ap plied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, and was hosted by Marlin Johnson (APL) (Re gi on 3 coordinator).

The da y-long meeting opened with lengthy d i scus s i on of six topics from the Augus t NC SL Worksho p:

(1) Chang e s in NB S Calibration Services

(2) Test and Heasurement Equipment Specifications "What Do You Say?"

(3) Laboratory Accr edita t i on and Self-Evaluation

(4 ) Calibration Laboratory Au t oma t i on- - How Do You Automate?

(5) Calibration Systems Management

(6) Cal i br a t i on Requir ement s f or Biomedical Requirement s

Jim Gi l ber t (Automation Ind. Vitro Labs), Elmer Rogers (HOL), and J. E. Gr i f f in (HD L) pres ented information on instrument ident i fication, classification, and cataloging sys tems devel oped by their respective or gani za t i ons .

In the afternoon, Norm Belecki (National Bureau of Standards ) pr esent ed an overview of the reorganization presently underway at NBS. Norm di s cus s ed measurement assurance programs and outlined how t he programs have operated in NCSL Region 8.

The site of t he next meeting, to be held in mid-J anuary 1978, has not been de t ermi ned. The main topic f or t he meeting i s tentatively "Automatic Test Sys t ems - - Bui ld Them or Buy Them?"

REGION 8 MEETING FOLLOWS UP ON 1977 WORKSHOP TOPI CS

The Region 8 meet ing held Sep tember 26, 1977 in Los Angeles expanded on the topics of the 1977 NC SL Conf er en ce Worksho p that was he l d i n Boulder dur i ng August. The meeting l~as att ended by 53 member delegates and guests r epresenting 27 member and 9 gues t organizations.

Changes in the Na t i onal Measuremen t System - Henry Buys, McDonnell-Douglas Corp., Douglas Air­craft Co . , report ed on the r es ul t s o f the Boul der workshops on the same s ugj ec t . The discus­sions t her e he tween NBS representatives an d users of NB S s ervices appeared inconclusive. Com­mitt ee chai r man Flynn wil l ma i l ou t a ques tionnai r e to NCSL members concer ni ng their measur e ­ment needs . I t was pointed out during t he discussion that "needs" somehow mus t be ba l anced against costs, willingness t o pay , o r so nle other indicator to establish t he pr i o r i t y of satis­fying t hem. As user s rely less on NBS, t hey are becoming more self-sufficient, conducting round-robin exper iments in mor e disciplines, as was done with hydrocarbon flow measurements. There still remains a s urpris i ng amount of ignorance, even among NCSL member delegates, about NBS s uppor t curtailments. Some firms with new advanced measurement requirements are unabl e for s ecurity reas ons to di sclose their needs in a survey . Continued concern was eA~ressed abo ut the drastic cutback of bas ic measuremen t research a t NBS.

Cal i br a t i on Requir ements for Bio-Medical Devices - Barney Anderson , Beckman Instruments, ex­plained the effects of new legi slation an d involvement of federal age nc ies on manufacturers and calibration a gencies of bio-medical devices and measuring instruments. There apprears to be little awareness in industry concerning new FDA requirement s as outlined in FDA Docket 75N-0140,

- 22­

"Medical Devices , " t o be publ i shed s oon pr ior to hear ings fo r enac tment into l aw. An HEl~

documen t , "Pla in Talk Overview, " explai ns the meani ng and intent of the Docke t in plainer l an gua ge . The existence of writ t en procedures and compliance therewith i n cal ibra tion labora­t ories are s t ressed heavily. The FDA int end s t o aud i t i ndustry periodically. The primary ef f ec t of the new measures wi l l be on manufacturer s of bio-med ica l devi ces , but us ers a nd calibration l aboratorie s wi l l a lso be af fec ted.

Labora t ory Accredi ta t i on and Self-Eval uat ion - Jack Porsc h , Wester n Me t rology Labora t or ies , gave a summary of the r esults of the Boul de r wor kshops under this t itle and conducted a di s cus­s ion . There, s t i l l a ppears t o be s ome not i ceabl e unawaren es s of t he ex is tence of and so me conf us i on r egarding a "Nati onal Vol un tar y Labor atory Accredi t a t ion Program" an d other parallel pr og rams f or l aboratory accredi ta t i on and sel f -eval ua t i on . So f ar , NVLAP has caused no notice­a bl e respons e; it woul d be aff ected by Sena te Bi l l 825, which , however, may hav e little cha nce o f e nac t men t . DCAS r e pres entatives r eported that t he DoD i s also introdu cing a calibration l aboratory accep tance program .

Measuring and Tes t Equi plnent Specifications - Algie Lan ce, TRW-DSSG, di s cussed the problems of mea s ur i ng eq u i pment s pe cif ica t ions , the t end ency toward "s pecsmanship" by manuf a c turers, and the need f or detailed condi t ions usu ally co nta i ned i n the "fine print." IEC Recommended ¥r ac tice a nd de finit i ons could be e ndorsed by NCSL as an al t er na t ive t o NCSL 's ac t i ng a l one .

Ca l ibr a tion Laborat ory Au toD~t ion - Pete Eng land , General Dynamics , Pomona Divi s i on , led a d iscuss ion on the basis o f his r eport from the Boulder workshops. Beyo nd the gene ral ly known adva n tages of a utomated cali brat i on laborator y s t a nda rds , the adva n tage of us i ng l ower s ki l led per so nnel t o opera te a u tomated equi pment was cited in addi t i on to t he adva n tage that cali­bra t ion met hods and a cceptance cri t eri a are fi xed and not s ubjec t to cha ngi ng i n terpr e ta t ions . Observed d i s adva ntages with s ome ex is ting au t oma ted sys t ems i ncl ude their fa i l ure to id en t ify reasons fo r r ej ecting items as not meeting spec ifications . The a ppl i c a t i on of a ut omat ed ca l i ­bration equ ipment is limited only by eng ineering ingenuity, but fully au toma ted equi pmen t i s often hard t o j us tify fo r r ea s ons of co s ts .

Opera t i ng the Cal i bration Cont rol Sys tem - Rolf Schumacher , Auto ne t ic s , Rockwel l I nter nat iona l , r ead hi s r eport of the Bou l de r wor kshops und er t his s ubjec t and l ed a discussion concerning Regi on 8 interest in specific e lements in this ar ea . Hi gh i nter est r emains i n cal i bra t i on intervals and their adjustment methods as well as i n perfor mance and produc tivi ty mea surement s and s tandards . At the s ugges t i on o f Pete England , Geor ge Rice (Autonetics, Rockwel l In ter ­national) vo l un teered , as chairman of the Calibration Sys tem Mana gement Committee unde r whose auspices the wor ks hop s wer e held , t o hav e his committee wor k on the determination of t he va r ious time a nd cos t e lements of operating a ut omatic calibra t ion s tations .

Dean Brungart, NCSL Director, presents NCSL Pr es i den t , Laurel Auxier , presents awards t o Rolf Schumache r for his contr i­George Rice an award f or hi s s ervi ce as butions as Reg ion 8 Coord i na t or and mod­committee c ha i rman. era tor a t the NCSL Confer ence a nd Workshop.

- 23­

Attendees a t

~ ~..

Argonne Nat iona l Laborator y P. O. Box 2528, Buil di ng 791 I daho Falls , Id aho 83401 Delega t e : J ohn A. Silva

Eli Lilly and Company 307 E. McCar t y St r eet Indianapolis, I ndi ana 46206 Delegate: L. Dav i d Duf f

Kyocer a Interna tiona l , I nc . 8611 Balboa Avenue San Diego, Cal i fo r nia 92123 Delegate : Laur ence Lip s ka

Pac i fic Scienti f ic 3020 N. Hes per i an St reet Santa Ana, Californi a 92706 Delegate ; Ri char d Duncan

t he Sep tember 1977 Region 8 meeting and workshop.

~

NEW MEMBERS OF NCSL

Cent rais Eletr i cas de Sao Paulo Av. Pauli sta, 2064 Sao Pau lo , Bra zil 013 10 Delega te : Domingos Eduardo DaRocha

Ingalls Shi pbuilding P . O. Box 149 Pascagoula, Mississ ippi 39567 Delegate: V. P. Steel , J r .

Movonics Company P. O. Box 1223 1922 Anne tte Lane Los Al t os, Cal i fo r nia 94022 Del egate ; Di ck Gasperini

Tr i -Tr onics Labora t or ies, Inc . 431 1som Road, Suit e 125 San Antonio , Texas 78216 Delegate : Ol ivia Garza

- 24­

BOARD OF DIRECTORS VISI TS GU I LDLINE

During t he NCSL Boar d me e t i ng i n Ot tawa, Canada, s ev era l NCSL m6 nber s toured the facili t i e s of Guildline I n s t r umen t s wi th Gui ldline Pres i de nt, Jack Sutc liffe ' ,----,/ and Vi ce Pr e s i dent s , Ed Nemerof f an d Don Mar t i n .

Guildline , with fa c il i t ies in Smiths Fal ls , On t a r i o , an d El ms fo r d , New York, manufact ures a l ine o f precision e lec t ri cal and tempera t ure measur ing standards known t he worl d over f or excel lence i n pe rformance and rel i ab il ity,

Durin g the t our, Boa r d Member s wer e introduced to two areas othe r than elec t r i ­c a l metrol ogy served by Gui l dl i n e. These we r e pr e c i s i on ins t rumen t s for ocean ­ograp h ic studies and the measurement of e lectrica l ene r gy.

Boa r d Hember s being s hown Gui l dl i ne preci sion t emperature r eg ulated oi l ba ths by Ed Nemerof f, VP of Guildli ne.

Boa r d Members wi t h Guild-l ine President , Jack Sutcli f fe ( fron t row, fi rs t from right) and Donald Mar t i n (ba ck r ow, f irst fr om r i ght ) i n fr ont of Guildline Instruments , Ltd .

Jack Sutcliff e , president a nd co-founder of Guildli ne Instruments , Ltd ., Ontario , and Gui l dl i ne Inst rument s , Inc . , Elmsfor d, New York, and Donal d vice pr esident - marketing f or the Canadian firm wer e killed October 8 , whe n their t win eng i ne a i rcraft cr a s hed near Smi t h Falls . The ca use of the crash has not yet been de termi ned .

Mr . Sutclif f e (57) was known interna t ional ly as a recognized au t hori t y in t he fiel d of elec tr ical met r ology. A gradua te of t he Imperical Col l eg e , Londo n, England, he was presiden t o f Guildline s i nce i ts i ncep tion in 195 7.

Mr. Mart in (51) , a grad ua te of McGi l l Univer s i ty , Mont real, ha s bee n wi th Gui l dl i ne s i nce 1965 . He p ioneered t he compa ny 's overs ea s marketing and sales activit i es and was primaril y responsible f or the highly acclaimed reputa tion Gui l dl i ne ha s achieved i nt er nationally.

- 25­

BIBLIOGRAPHY - CALIBRATION MANAGEMENT

GENERAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT

Ar s enaul t , E. J., Management T e~ hniqu e6 60ft Calib~on Laboka~o4i~ - Proceedi ngs of t he 1968 NCS L Conferenc e, NBS Special Publ i ca tion 313, LCCCN 63-60068.

Baker , J . A. , P~odueiiv~y Rating and R~tb~y Ind ex - I SA Jour na l, Sept . 1963 .

Bloss, W. E., Se1.ec..:tive CaLLb~o n Sav~

Money - I SA Jour nal , J an. 1963 .

Butler, R. W. , I n - Pfu~ Cilib~o n PJLac..:ti~e.L>

- t SA J ournal , Jan . 1965.

Corwel l - Kulesza , George w., The Oftga~zati on

06 In- Pl ant I n..6V wment S eftv ic~ - Pr oce edi ngs of 1969 ISA Conference .

Hamilton , T. R. , hl-Pfuce I J1J.>V LWll ent Cati.bJia­~on - I SA Jo urnal , Mar. 1962 .

Ha n, Phil 1., Va.Iue Engi ne.e4ing Techl'uqwu ­A Way 06 Managing Va..e..u.able. Mea ~ llJteme.n.to ­Proceedings o f t he 1968 NCSL Conference , NBS Specia l Publication 313, LCCCN 63-60068 .

Hayes, J . L. , Why CaLi..bM.te? - Proceedings of 1966 NCSL Conference , NBS Mi s ce l l aneo us Publication 291 , LCCCN 63-60068 .

Henr y , John A., Some Thought<'> on M~o logy ­Qua l i ty Progress, Sep t. 1968.

Jones , D. B., I SA Jour nal ,

Julie , Loebe , Labolta.tolty:

On S~e SYo:tem CalibJurt.{.on ­Sep t . 1964 .

The Non -Compll.teJuzed Calib~o..Uon

A Low P~o6~, Hi gh Coot Anoma.Iy i n the ModMn Automa.ted Plant - Pr oceedings of 1976 Cal Pol y Measurement Sc i ence Con­ference .

Ki ng, Jo hn L., The Impolttance. 06 Vi.4ibi.lA-ty and Corr.tftol i n LabOllatOfLY Management Sy<.temo ­Proceedings of 1970 NCSL Conference, NBS Spec i al Publication 335, LCCCN 70-6083 84 .

Lance, Harvey W. , The. Nation ' ", El ectAoni ~

Srandand: PltOgMm : WheJ1.e. Va We. S.ta.nd? ­IRE Transac t ions , Vo l . 1-9, Sep t . 1960.

Li nebri nk, O. 1. , In6Mmm on DOlt Sta.J1dMcM La bO ka~o4i eo - what? WhMe.? - Pr oceedings of 1966 NCSL Confe rence, NBS Miscel laneous Publ icat ion 291, LCCCN 63-60068.

McNi s h, A. G. , CeM~~ 6~ca..Uon and Nomencla.tllJt e.

McPherson, A. T., Plan 60ft the set6­QualiMcation 06 StandMdo LabOJLa.tok-i..eo ­ASTM Bul le t i n 246 , May 1960 .

Mahood, R. F. and H. S. Placet te, Cen.t!l.alized Ma.,.i.rI.te.n ance Pay<. 066 - I SA Jour na l , Ju ne 1966 .

Minck , Jo hn L. , A MMagement S.t!l.a.tegy 6 o~

CalibltaXion Labo - Proceedi ngs of t he 1970 Cal Poly Measurment Sci en ce Conference .

Mi t chell , J . D., Elem mto of, MeM Ultement Co n.t!l.ol Syo:tell1O - Proceedings of 1970 Cal Poly Measurement Science Conference .

Mi tchell, s. D. , Communico..UoYlO Pltoble.mo ­V e.6b~oJ1J.> and Spe.c.i f,ico..Uoru, - Presented a t AOA Standards and Me tro logy lJivis ion , 1970 - Rockwel l Document X7 0-433/201 .

Mu' Lha t a , Ta dao , Adlliini.4.tJ1.a.,tJ.OIl 06 a Stan­d~~ do La. bo~~ta~y ~ Pr oceedi ngs of 1976 Cal Pol y ~Iea suren:en t Science Conference .

Ri ce , Ceor gc 0 ., ,\leUtoEogy 'o Qua.LU y ­,',lc.a.<'>Ulteme..n.t and Aeiion - Pr es en r ed at 1974 Cal Poly Conference - Rockwell Docum~n t

X74- ll53/120 .

Schumacher, Rol f B. F. , S.tatioticat CO I~ol

i n a Standaltdo LaboftCLto lLU - Measurements & Data, J une 1969.

Schumacher, Rol f B. F. , Quality Co~ol in a Calib~tion L a. b o lL~o lt lj - Proceedings of 1975 ASQC Co nference ; Proceedi ngs of 1975 Cal Poly Measurement Science Conf erence - Rockwel l Document X75-589/10l .

Sinde l ar, Dr . Vaclav , I<. I~ Po<.oible. :to Aoo~e

Pltodue-t Quality WLthout .the. AJ..d 06 Me.btology? ( in Fr ench) - Proceedings of 1975 Eur opean Organiza t ion f or Quali ty Contro l Co nference, Vol. 1.

Warren , John E. and Ral ph G. Hultgr en, 1YlOVLWlle~ Ma.,.i.nte.nance Ou.t.U. n~ - I SA Journa l, Feb . 1965.

Westmoreland , Fr ank G. , Ir~LLOtr~ Enginee4ing, Va.ta Ana.Iyoi.4 , and Mana.g ement 0 n the AfU71Y CilibJto..Uon Syo.tenl - Proceedings of 1972 Cal Poly Measurement Science Confere nce.

Wildhack, William A., AveMhtg the Me.M~eme.n.t Pinch - I SA Jo urna l , May 1962.

{,Oft S.ta.n.dMcL6 06 Me.MllJtemen.t - I RE Transac t ions , Wilson , Lloyd B., A Nw S pa~ e Age Cha.U.e.nge -Vol. 1-7, Dec . 1958. Standaads and Elec.tJi.o~c Mea.ollJtwwt<'> - IRE

Transactions , Vol. 1-9, Sep t . 1960.

'.-----"

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Wil son, Lloyd B., BIte.aIU:.IVtough Tec.hiUque,6 nOlL M ~oiogy W O ~ R - Proceedings of 1970 NCSL Conf erence, NBS Spe cial Publication 335, LCCCN 70 -608384 .

Stan6~ng ~nd S ~v:> S~v e y~ - NCSL News­l etter, Aug . 1976 .

Recomm ended Env-Utonme.J1M nOlL St an.daJtd.-!, LaboItaW JI.A.v:> - ISA Tr ansac tions, Vol. 3, Oct. 1964.

Inb bwm ent McUn..te.Mnc.e MaMge.me.nt - I SA J our na l , May 19 66 .

.---­

The above bi bl iograp hy i s par t of a project of the Ca l i br a t i on Sys tems Management Commi t t ee to compile a bibliography of ca l i br a t i on s ys tems managemen t. Ad~O n6 witt be pub~he.d ~ n each -6u..b-6e.C{u..e.nt ~ we 06 the. N etQ~ i e.ttM.

This bibliography will co nt a i n an y and all it~lS pertaining to ca l ibra t ion sys tems man agement. The bibliography will not conta i n any items per ta i ni ng to speci fic measurement or ca l ibra t i on techniques. Subjects to be includ ed are the fo l lowi ng :

Equipment Con trol and Utilization Costs and Cost Reduc t i on Dat a Sys tems and Data Manag ement Calibration I nter va l s Education and Training Measurement Errors /Acc uracy International Metrology Bio-Medical Metrication

Spec i f i ca t i ons and Contr acts Aut oma t ed Calibra tion and Test Laboratory Management, General Reca l l Sys tems and Wor kl oad Control Corporate Measuremen t Standards

Progr ams Calibration Procedu r es Wei ght s and Measu r es

NesL me.mbeM aJ~ e. e.ncou..Mg e.d to c.o YI-tJUbu..te. tulph.<.c.cLUy c.o mp£.e..te. J, to Von G~ eb ( b e.tt ~

;to ;the. b'<'b-Uogtulphy by -6entiLng Mn Me.nCe6 (b'<' buog­ye..t, ~ en d h.<.m a. copy l a.;t -the. Md!l.e.1> ~ -6howYL bd ow:

Donald J . Greb Dept. 48-20, Bldg . 150 Lockh e ed Missi les & Spa ce Company P . O. Box 504 Sunnyva le , California 94088

In the near future, NCS L will print i t to t he membersh i p.

t hi s bibl i ogr ap hy as a separa te publicat ion and di s t ribute

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LABORATORY PLfu~ I NG IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

by H. L. Daneman , Me t rology Cons ul tant

ABSTRACT

Unt il r ecent l y , the backgro und of indus t r ial act ivi ty in developing coun tr ies has not foste red standards labor a t or ies . At t hi s momen t , t here i s an urgency t oward expo r t a tion , an awareness of the ro le of qua l i t y in a competitive marke tp lace , and a demand for s tandards , speci ficat i ons , and t est method s t o defi ne accep tability of goods .

The f ocal point of expec ta tions f or a national tes t ing capability i s t he na tional s t anda r ds lab­ora t ory.

Some appr oaches t o the planning of s uch fa cilities and s ugge s t ions f or t he tra ining o f metrology t echnic i an s are presented.

THE PROBLEM

The marke tplace i n the less developed coun t r ies has , histor i cally , been involved with the s a l e or ex change o f foo d, handi cra ft s, and pr ec i ous materials. Weights an d measur es act i vities have, nat ural l y , r es pond ed t o t he needs of this marke tplace. Vol ume prove r s fo r bever age conta i ners , weights for scale ca l i br a t i ons , and lengt h meas ures f or c lo th are t ypical es t ab lished units. The newly install ed i ndustry i n dev el oping countr ies i nvo lves many measur i ng i ns t ruments: Temp­e ra t ure and flow gaug es for production, for example , also , compos i tion , hardnes s and pe r f or mance t esters f or goods t o be so ld a broad.

This i ndustr i al t esting capabi l i ty i s a pa r t of i mported t echnology. A manufactur i ng plant in­c ludes instrument at i on f ami l iar t o t he engineers who designed it. This l eads to the f irst prob­l em, which i s: Whe n a plant i s t o be built i n a fo reign co unt ry, t he engi neer s nor mal ly over­l ook the ab sence of the extensive and parti cular ca libr a tion sys tem required to maint ain the instruments they hav e cho s en.

1. It i s a s su med that l oca l s tandards a re somehow availabl e .

2 . These standar ds, wha t ever t hey nlight be, are expec ted t o be r eturned t o the parent company or fo r eign s uppl ier for any ne cessary r epai r s or r ecalibration .

3 . Some plants, or par ts ther eof, origi na te in di ff erent foreign co unt r ies . The aunea l i ng l ines (and ana l yzers) may be Amer ican; t he furnaces (a nd co nt r ol s ) , German; the swi tch gear (and meters ), Swi.s s ; and so forth.

4 . Sta r t -up training and operations man ual s f ail to includ e instrument ca l i bra t ion practices .

Along wi t h the purchase of foreign techn ology, the devel opi ng count ry acqui res a mul t i dimens i onal pro blem of co pi ng- -promp t ly- -wi th new calibr a t ion nec es sities. Two examples may i l l us t ra t e s ome aspects of the problem.

If you not i c e a thermometer (g l ass , noble metal thermocouple, or pla t i num r esistau ce t hermometer ) r epre senting a so rt of standard or at l east th e most precise t emperatur e measuring devi ce a t han d, and you ask t o see a ca l i bra t ion report , i t wi l l probably be the maker's t est repor t at t he time of origi n . The rep ly t o t he ques t ion abo ut recal i bra t ion i s us uall y, "Why ? What i s goi ng t o cau s e any change fr om the origina l va l ue ?"

The second example concer ns tra cea bility. Traceabi l i ty i s i nheren t i n t he l aws es ta bl i shi ng national l aboratoreis. I mplementation i s, of necessity , ano ther ma tte r . Without a r ecognized sys tem, one mus t manage ind ep endently. Micrometers , ca lipers , gauges, blocks, and vari ous meas ur i ng ma chi nes imported i nt o a ce r tain count r y are r ecalibrated on r eturn or a f ter r e pair by a l ocal sales and ser vice agency . With t he exception of an au t omo tive plant (Which comp le te­ly r elies on Ger man s t andards) , this sal es agency handles most of t his country' s industrial precision dimens ional s tanda r ds . Wh en asked ab out maintenance of his s tanda r ds , t he ag ent r eplies t hat each time he receives a shipment of n ew s tandards (from Grea t Br i tain , in thiS ca se ) he r ecalibrates wha tever is in-hous e ag a i ns t t he cer ti f ied value of thes e new s tanda r ds . As a r esult, mea surement s made wi t h this nation' s gauges are , pr ac t ical l y s pea king , traceable t o England (o r , in t he cas e of the au t omo t ive industr y , to Germany) . When the new national l a bor atory dev elops i t s dinle n s i ona l faci l i ty , it will hav e to cop e with s igni f icant dis crep­anc i es betwe en t r aditional pract i ces, involving l en gthy cha i ns to foreign s tanda rds , and new procedures r ef er en ced t o a l ocal s tandar d .

Let us s uo@ar ize the sor t of pr obl ems now be i ng recognized i n deve l op ing co un t ries :

1 . Divers i ty- - i ns trumen ts and s tanda rds can ar rive from any co unt ry or make r and be of any complexi ty or performanc e l evel.

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2. Support--spare parts, plant standards, repair facilities, calibration procedures, instruc­tional materials, etc., are generally not included in proposals or contracts.

3. Services--agents are not usually expected to calibrate precision instruments. The maker is far away, and instruments often do not survive the initial voyage--Iet alone a round trip--such as may be required for repair or recalibration. Commercial laboratories, where present, have capabilities limited to certain tasks.

4. Skills--training and experience are scarce commodities. Foreign training is difficult (I will explain this later).

5. Finances--monies are not included in construction projects or operations budgets for cali ­bration support services.

6. Government--import regulations may require the use of locally made components (for example, a radio resistor in place of an NBS-type standard); or may actually double the f.o.b. price of an imported instrument; or may delay shipments for six months or more; or may result in customS .peopl e tampering with sealed mechanisms; or, more likely, may frustrate any attempt to return items for repair or calibration.

7. Tradition--there is a habit of surviving without laboratory services; inertia and avoid­ance of new services are expected.

CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING A LABORATORY

Both material and philosophical considerations are involved in the planning of a laboratory. The checklist in Table I includes both types.

Table I

Considerations in Planning a Laboratory

1. GENERAL

A. Initial Objectives Why get started? B. Getting Support Interested groups and sponsors. C. Planning Committee Finding local skilss and experience. D. Expert Assistance Which outside support is best? E. Legislation Problems and opportunities.

II. MISSION

A. National Plan Long-term objectives. B. Foreign Study See what others do. C. Survey-Questionnaire Obtain quantitative data on demand. D. Scope Assess priorities and sizes.

III. RESOURCES

A. Land and Buildings What is available? B. Associate Institutions Allocation of tasks. C. Technical Assistance For organi~ation and training. D. Apparatus Inventory of existing useable equipment. E. Finances Sources and justification required.

IV. LABORATORY DEFINITION (Functions, Uleasurements, ~anges, equipment, area, personnel, cost for each as follows):

A. Acoustics and Vibration B. Chemistry, Materials, Metallurgy C. Flow and Fluid Properties D. Electricity, Energy, Magnetism E. Mass, Pressure, Dimensions F. Optics and Radiation G. Temperature and Calorimetry H. Time and Frequency

V. ADMINISTRATIVE AFFAIRS

A. Or ganLea t i.on Logical infrastructure. B. Personnel Allocation by level. C. Training Courses and fellowships.

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VI. PHYSICAL

A. Location Geographical studies. B. Site Development Buildings and r elationsh ips. C. Allocation of Area Modular versu s specialized design. D. Construction Architectural aspects .

VII . ARCHI TECTURE

A. Space Utilization Des ign s t udies . B. Environmental Protection Temperature, vibration, magnetic. C. Materials Cleanliness and shielding. D. Furniture Conso l e s or benches.

VII I. FACILI TIES

A. Documentation Center Ref eren ce and procedure bank. B. Computer Cent r al or local. C. Utilities Special s ervi ces . D. Receiving and Shipping Problem of logistics.

IX. ECONOMICS

A. Di s t r i bu t i on of Services Mobile and satellite labs. B. Cos t s and Prices C. Fi nanci a l Resour ces

X. SOCI AL CONCERNS

A. Safe t y B. Urbanization C. Visitor Fa ci l i t ies

APPROACHES

The definition of r equirements is a preliminary matter. Surveys have been emplo yed in Holland in 1968, in Bra zil in 1972, in Korea in 1974, and in Mexico in 1975. Mailed questionnaires compr is e the measurement need s ur veys in all of these exampl es . The dominant factor being asses sed is industrial mea suring instrument usa ge. Mu ch les s attention is given to the require­ments of gover nment agencies, the military, universities, institutes, or secondary l aboratories, whi ch, in some as pects, may be considered t o be compe t i t i ve to the organization s pons or i ng the sur vey . The data can be converted t o the f ol l owi ng informat ion f or each branch of i ndus t ry .

I. I NSTRUMENT US AGE BY INDUSTRY

The industry branches are selected a ccor di ng t o the country. Sugges t ed groupings fo r the instruments are:

A. Length, surface, and angle B. Ma ss, force, and volume C. Time, velocity, and acceleration D.. Press ure and flow E. El ectrical an d magnetic F. Optics and pho t ome t r y G. Temperature and heat H. Acous t i cs I. I oni z i ng radiations J. Ot her s

II. TESTING DEMAND BY INDUSTRY

The s ame industry branches can be ex ami ned a s a pr imary market for t e s t i ng and a s econd­ary market f or calibration. The following data have been useful:

1. Number of en gineers 2 . Number of technicians 3 . Total employees 4. El ec t ri ca l load (KW) 5 . Annual sales--tot al 6. Annual sales--exports 7. Annual imports 8. Number of laboratories 9. Number o f en gineers in l aboratories

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10. Number of technicians in laboratories 11. Total a rea of laboratories 12. Averag e growt h (area) of l abor a t or ies _.

In developing countries, it i s a s sumed that their primary market for laboratory service s is industrial t e sting. The mar ke t for calibration s ervices wi l l dev elop later as the industries expand their own testing cap abiliti es.

A popular ap proach is to hire a for eign consultant who usually participates i n the s ur vey . Other informati on genera ted by the consultant co ncer ns pro jec t scope as defined by a fa cilit i es description (size and cos t ) , e qui pment lists, personnel need s, training recommendations, orga n­i za t i on proposals, and, perhaps, s ugges t i ons on l egi slati on .

Fol l owi ng this, a local e ngi ne er i ng group will provide site r ecommendations, archit ectural r enderings, laboratory layouts, s pace allocations, env ironmenta l cont r ol specifications, util ­ity service need s, l i st s of r ecmomend ed s uppl ier s , e t c . The for eign co ns ul t a nt participates in this e ffo r t a lso , but a s an advisor to the local e ngi neer i ng compa ny , whi c h probably nev er designed s uc h a l aboratory be fo re .

Some gen eral gui de lines or "rules-of-thumb " hav e been developed or acquired by the a ut ho r and my be int eresting as a means of p r e l imi na ry es t i ma t ion of scope .

1 . The initial co s t of a national laboratory f or a developing count ry may be appr oximat ed by the sum of 0 .0 3% of the annua l gr oss dODlestic product a nd 0 . 015% of the s um of annual ex por ts and impor ts .

2. The cost per s quare met er (10 . 76 s qua r e fee t) of laboratory f acilities in dev elop ing coun­tries averages $600 . This include s $250 f or s i mpl e buildings (s t orage facilities, ga r ages , caf e t er ias) , $400 fo r of f ice or admi nis trat ion buildings, and $1, 000 f or laboratory build­ings (e qui pped a nd a ir-condi tioned) .

3 . For each sc ientis t or engine er required, one can es t i mate 25m2 of laboratory, 15m2 of office, and 25m2 of o t he r build ing s pace including administrati ve of f ices, s t orage , ut il ­ities, e t c.

4 . The cost of l aboratory construct i on breaks down a s follows:

Building shell 27% El ec t rical 16% Interior 25% Plumbing 3% Environmental Con tro l s 22% Eng ' r 'g and Archi tec t ure 7%

THE SOLUTION

Eac h solution i s unique . It is a ve r y good idea t o tour t yp ica l l a boratories in the advanced countries to seek a model for one' s own. Howev er , i f thi s is don e a t the ve r y beginning, the impression is l ikely to be mo st confusing: " They are a l l laboratories, ye t they are a l l di f ­f erent in so many ways." The tour should be deferr ed until there i s a co nsens us on the types of laboratories need ed, their functions, l evel s of performance, items to be t ested, envi r on­mental requir~Dents, e tc . Then , the s t udy tour can y i eld a composite of de s i r a ble f eatur es and the oppor t uni t y to a ppreciate the significanc e of design details .

Most of the dec is i ons to be made a r e based on cer ta i n assumption s of the major functions to be performed by the new laboratory . Since pronounc ed di s agr eement s ca n aris e from a l ack of co mmo n und erstanding of thes e r oles , it is es sen t ial ~o determine pr ior i ties ear l y . A t yp i cal listing of role s and function s i s given in Table I I .

Ta ble II.

ROLES OF A NATI ONAL LABORATORY

1. Mai ntai n national units of measurement. VI I. Development of instrument industry. II. Int ernational c oord i na tion on metrol ogy. VI II . Di s s eminate informa tion on mea sur ements.

III. Ass ist r e gulatory a genc ies . IX. Educat ion and training . I V. Support sec onda ry laborator ies. X. Res earch in metrolo gy . V. Consumer protection a nd public safety XI. Produ ct t e st and an alys i s.

VI. Importation o f t echnology . ------ XI I. Support product an d process deve l opmen t through t esting services .

Adequat e training wi l l be an i mpor tant s ol ut i on t o lDany operat ing pr oblems . Unfo r t una tel y , it is invariably be gun t oo l ate to a s s i st i n the de finition of l ab oratory facilities. Fur t he r ­

- 31­more, the training itself pres ents awkward prob lems. Various possibi li ties fo r t rai ni ng i n­c l ude :

1 . Importi ng t echni c ians from dev eloped co unt ries . 2. Importi ng t ea chers from developed co untries . 3 . Ins t r ument company t rai ning courses . 4 . Aerosp ace co mpa ny training courses. 5 . Special university courses . 6. Fel lowships t o f oreign l ab oratori es and schoo ls . 7 . Coopera t ive t ea ching and work experience programs . 8. Es tablishing a s pecia l schoo l fo r met rology .

A po pular approac h is to send a scientist ab road fo r so me months on a wor k-s t udy program at a maj or l ab oratory. Prog rams are available i n the Uni ted Sta tes , Canad a , U.S .S .R . , Ger ma ny , France , Cuba , Indi a , and , proba bly, ot her countries as wel l . The probl ems experienced with thi s a pproac h can be the fo l lowi ng :

1. The i ndividua l sent is a scient ist wi t h a theor e t ica l background. He ma y no t a dap t t o a cal i bra tion/ tes t ing laborator y ac t ivi ty .

2. Among t he pe ople sent a broa d are thos e who have earned a fe l lowship ; i n some cases , they may not be avail ab le for l aboratory work on return t o t he i r home co unt ry.

3 . Due to l imi ted avai labil i ty of accept able personnel and/o r expense , only a few people ca n be sent abr oad. No t a l l specialties ca n , th er efore, be t au ght to t he mos t a ppr opr ia te t echnicians.

4 . The i nsti t ut i on chosen fo r f oreign t r aining i s l i kely to be a pres tigi ous l ab orat ory noted fo r it s researc h accompl ishnlen ts . I t may not be i nteres ted in, nor prac t ice, produc t t esting, weigh ts and measures, t aximeter cert if i cation, wat t - hour mete r t est ing , pro to ­t ype eval uation , etc ., on a l evel or scale ap propr ia te f or the developi ng co unt ry .

5 . There i s a "cultura l s hock " associa ted wt ih l i v i ng a broad. Daily tran sportation (does one buy an a ut omobile fo r a six-month s tay?) , diet , cli mat e, f amily life , rel igious pr act ice , langua ge (p lus local accent an d idioms ) , prio r education , and class distinc t i ons may impose handica ps toward l ea rning.

It wou ld be far be t ter i f t rai ni n g co ul d be co nduc ted in one 1 s na t ive country with native t ea ch er s. ~~a t i s required a re course mater ials , experienced as s i stant s, and t each i ng fac ili ­ties (principally l abor atories ) . An excel len t example of a t echni ci an t r aining ac t ivi ty is the Fine Ins t r uments Center o f Korea (FIC) , wbich supp lied many instrument r e pa ir and cali­bra tion t echnician s to Kor ea' s maj or indu~ t ri es.

A good sol u t ion t o t he problem of fo reign appara t us procur ement i s also need ed. Withi n the first year af ter star t - up , a s urpr is i ng (or shoul d we say discouraging) proport ion o f i nst r u­ments are not operable- -in s ome i ns t ances , more than 50%. No t a l l causes can be traced to procurement , bu t t be maj ority can. Some of the f ollowing r ecommendations may seem obvious, but their implemen ta tion is no t:

1 . Int er pr e t t he user' s need s--an expl ana tion of t he applica t i on for the appa r a t us woul d be he l pful. The pe rson recommend i ng the equipment should be asked t o prepare t his explan­at i on before being discha rged from hi s responsibi l i ties .

2. Col lec t sources of information , indi ces, l i t er ature, j ournals, exhibi t ca talogs, buyer ' s guides , and prel imina ry i nquir ies f rom suppliers to identify produc ts a nd services of inter est and also foreign r epres entation.

3. Speci fy performance- -iden t i fy the essent ial s pecifications an d , where possi ble , a refer ­ence (suc h as ASA-C 100) for de f i nition. Deci de whe t her t here is any bene fit for ve rsa ­t i l ity or if excep tions to con f orm t o s tandard produc ts are ac cep t able.

4. I nclude supplemental items-- thes e ca n be added just as i f they were add i tiona l pieces o f equipment an d shou ld no t be take n f or gran ted. Examples ar e:

4 . 1 Necessary acces sories--even co nnec tors an d special l eadwire may not be available i n a developi ng countr y.

4 .2 Necessary s pa res- -this s hould not be overdone , as i n one i nsta nce wher e the price reques ted f or spares exceede d for t wo years t he cost of a replacement spectr ometer. I s ther e an exc hange ba s i s f or unus ab le spares? I s t her e a s tocking a gent in you r coun try ?

.-.--'"

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4. 3 Operating supplies--attention i s drawn to the need to be selective so one does not receive a collection of de ad dry cells, for example.

4.4 Parts li sts--hopefully with component manufacturer's identity.

4.S Operating manuals--ask for enough copies but be war y of asking for translation ser­v i ce .

4.6 Calibration procedures--it is not sufficient to request them; many are cursory. NCSL Reconmlended Pr ac tice RP #3 describes a s t a ndar di zed format and content f or calibra­tion procedures for test and measuring equipment. Adequate procedures can be expen­sive to prepare and should be considered during the ev al ua t i on of competitive bids.

4.7 Test and repair equipment needs--are there req uirements for items which may not be ava i l abl e? The decision on procurement of such items can be better made when evalu­ating the initial cost of apparatus than during checkout.

4.8 Technical references--journal articles describing principles of de sign, operat i on , or appl i cation can be most helpful. They may eve n cover desirable modi fications. Such references can be difficult to a cquire in a foreign country but should be available from the apparatus maker at no charge .

4.9 Performance certificates--it is worth an add ed 10% of cost, or even more, for a report o f calibration. Thi s is especially so for a s t anda rd . The report provides correction data and s houl d include conditions of test and a period of time dur i ng which the data are valid, or, after which a new calibration should be made . Such data can be a valuabl e test o f one' s OWll calibration practice. A cer t i f i ca t e of conformance i s not an adequate s ubs t i tu t e . It may be worth cons ider i ng having ap­propriate itemS sen t to a laboratory for cer t i f i ca t ion , packaging, and payment approval. Any convenient arrangement that ensures the a ppar a t us has be en i ns pe cted for sat isfactory operat ion befor e s hi pment i s high ly desirable--the protestations of the makers notwithstanding.----- ­

4.10 Installation assistance--u til ity demauds, mount ing pr ovis ions, and start-up assist ­an ce possibilities are i mpor t an t knowledge that must b e s ent prior t o apparatus shipment. Start-up assistance can be cheap--even abroad--if it eliminates the ne ed for special tools or test gear, permi t s correct and read y replacement of parts dam­aged in shipment, avoid s damage during s t ar t - up by inexperienced technicians, and includes training in operatons as well as maintenance.

' ' '-­The design of a laboratory should consider its orientation with r espect t o support facilities, the location of l abor a t ory rooms within the s t r uc t ur e , and the room layout with regard to personnel, equipment, storage, and env i ronmen t al protection. Figure 1 demonstrates the tech­nical correlation among measurement activit i es. It i s desirable to l oca te people and apparatus with regard to the probability of interaction. Figure 2 pictures the new campus of the INPM (the Br a zi l i an national laboratories ) now und e r cons t r uc t i on. It was first s uggested that we could take advantage of the topography of the site by locating the individual laboratory build­ings in the s i de of the hill, much like the Westinghouse facili ty near Baltimore. This offers environment a l protection f or the l abo r a t or y r ooms on the s i de within the hill and expos ure for the o f f ices on the open face. Si nce construction is s i mpl er on a flat pl ane , the area was l ev eled and l abora t ory exposure protected by sod gently s loping down from the building roof.

Many s ch emes are under cons i de r a t i on f or the DGN, the Mexican national laboratory. One of these i s illustrated in fig . 3 to show the arrangement of facilit i es within the bui lding. The concept of a utilities corridor i s popular, from an architectural point of vi ew.

Figure 4 is a schematic of a s ma l l facility, the FIC in Seoul, Korea. The co ns t r a i nt of f it ­ting the laboratories wi t hi n an exi s t i ng cour t ya r d s ur round ed by buildings on thr ee sides l ed to the layout shown. The hallway l oc a t ion was dictated by the position of oppo sing windows that ca n be converted into doorways in adjacent buildings. In particular, note the r epai r and receiving facility, which can be us ed to pr epare equipment for calibration located between the electrical s hops and calibration laboratory. The other end of the hallway is accessible t o a tool cr i b maintaining the gau ges for the machine shop just beyond. The floor i s s et on several meters of sand and l a yers of other materials and also isolated from r oo f columns and adjacent buildings.

The pa r t i cul a r challenge within this laboratory i s env i r onmental control, which must maintain !O .5 · C or !l · C a t either 20·C or 2S·C within seve r e budget limitations (both installed cos t and ener gy cons umpt i on) and notwithstanding severe climatic var i a t i ons i n the surrounding buildings.

I

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CONCLUS I ON

The industriali za tion o f de veloping co un t r i es has imposed difficult and urgent demands on their laboratory s ystems. The leap into the wor l d of modern metrology i s exp ens i ve and frustrat ing . Few find it accep table to plan on a gestat i on period of 8 t o 10 years from initial decision t o dedication of new f acili ties . There is no single model on whi ch t o ba se an accep table design . And--techno1ogy continue s t o advance during the span o f developing activities.

have described some problems crea ted by wha t may be called "industria.l transplant ation"-­developi ng new industry on foreign soil. Approaches to answer i ng ques tions ab out new labora ­t or i es have been s ugges t ed . Recommendat ions have been made concerning tra ining, procurement, and design . There are s t i l l some philosophical matt er s , howev er, and we have left these for last.

Lab oratory deve lopment includes more than buildings, apparatus, and t r a i ned technicians . A sys t em must be crea t ed involving responsive clien tele. Informnt ion mus t be exchang ed and cus­tomers must be serv ed . Desir ab l e l abor a t or y activities s houl d be int egra ted int o an expanding t echnol ogi ca l communi ty . Establishing means f or di s t r i but i on of s ervices , educa t ion of user s of instruments , and periodic appraisal of needs and results i s all pa rt of the cha l lenge o f c r ea t ing a labora tory sys t em.

Bui lding public conf i dence i n t he perfor mance of t he laborat ory i s an essen tia l a s s i gnment . New r esponsibilities cannot be l igh t ly unde r taken- - ch anges should be well aut i cipated . Al so not e that t echnical conf erences su ch a s t hose of NCSL can provide the s ubs t a nt ial benef i ts of fr ee ac ces s to i deas and exp erienc e . It would be especia lly bene fic i a l fo r t he l abora tor ies of devel oping nat ions to seek a ssoc i a t i on wi th other metrolo gis ts through s uch profes s ional s ocie t ies .

REFERENCES

1. Planning and Design of t he National Metrol ogy Cente r in Braz il , F. Bec ker and Lui z I . Indio da Costa, UNI DO : D/ W6 . 18 1/ 8 , August 20 , 1974 .

2. EnvIronmental Cont rols and Related Considerat ions fo r Calibration a nd Tes ting Laborator ­ies, H. L. Daneman, UNIDO ID/W/6 .181/7/Add. 3, I nnsbruck , Sep t ember 23, 197 4 .

3 . Planni ng and Deve l opment Criteria f or an Indus trial Research Center , Paul Sil v er , Indus ­t ria l Research a nd Development News, Vol. VII, No. J , pp . 2-8, Sep t ember 24 , 197 4 .

4. Guide lines for Pl anning a St anda rds Laborato ry in a Developing Country, H. L. J a nema n , NCSL, Boulder, Col or ad o , September 30, 1975 .

5. Some Aspects of Traceabili t y , H. L. Daneman, J EMIC Symposium on Traceabili t y, Tokyo, November 12, 1975.

6 . The Status of Me tro logy i n the United State s of Mexico , UNI DO I S/MEX/75/007, J anuary 23, 1976.

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Figure 2 . I NPH Laborato ry Campus (Braz il)

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II HONOR

Awards a nd cer t ifica tes were giv en d ur i ng

Ron Ki dd . . . . . Wal ter R. Cassady . Hartwell C. Kei t h . Basc om Bi rm i ngham. J. Micha e l Suraci. L. Kenne t h Armst rong Dougla s M. Doi . Hank Daneman . . Sa m L . Davidso n . Geo rge Rice . . . Chuc k N. Cor br i dge Pe te Engl and . • Wil bv r Anson . . James N. Gilber t Bob DeLa pp . . • Harry B. Ha ymes. Richar d Bi r dsa l l Richar d A. Ya z el John P . Ri l ey . . Cl i ffo r d D. Ko op Paul J. Groos . . Bob DeLapp . . . Rol f B. F . Schumac her . Barbara Harms. . . Dean A. Br unga r t . James A. Valen tino Fr ank Flynn . . . Bar ney And ers on . Denni s Gallaghe r Chuck Cor br i d ge . Pete England . . Rol f Sc humacher . Denise Jackson . J uly Caviedes. . Waltina L. Gi lber t Gi nny P . Toom . .

~ La ura ludd . . . , _ Maureen He t zell. ~ Dr . Egon Lo ebner , Char les Winebrenner . - Kaye Bir mi ngham . I Sa l ly Stevenson. - Helen Val dez . . I Don W. Trou t . .

Pa tricia Wright . ,~ Andy Wooding ton . .. John L. Minck . .

,~ J . Graham Cameron . _ J oh n Lee . . . . - Donal d L. Greb . , _ Dean A. Brunga rt -, Sam L. Davidson .

J . C. McKi nney. - Max J . Un i s . . . ,_ J ame s A. Valen t i no

IThe Will i am A. Wildha ck Awar d wa s

ROLE: 197 6-1 977

the NC SL FY-' 77 t o t h e f ollowing pe ople: j Vic e Pre s id ent Vice Pres ident Secre tary Spo nso r 's Del ega t e Pas t Presiden t NCSL Secre taria t Cha irman, Honors and

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_ Awar d s ,.

Chairma n , Educa tion a nd Tra ining _ Cha i rman , Mee tings a nd Programs ­Chair man , Cali bra tion Sys tem Managemen t , Chairman , Pr od uc t Design a nd Specifications I Chairman, Cali bra t ion Chairman , News le tter Cha irman, I nforma tion Chairman, Recomme nded Region 1 Coo r d i na t o r Re g i on 2 Coord i na tor Region 3 Coordinator Region 4 Coor di na tor Regio n 5 Coor dina to r Region 6 Coo r di na to r Region 7 Coo r d i na t o r Regio n 3 Coordina tor Sec re t arial Se rvices Co-Chairman , 197 7 NCSL Work s ho p Co-Chairman , 1977 NCSL Works hop _. 197 7 NCSL Conference Mod e rator I

La bo ra tory Au toma t ion

a nd Di rec to ry I Prac tices _

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197 7 NCSL Conference 1977 NCSL Conference 1977 NCSL Conference 1977 NCSL Conf erenc e 1977 NCSL Conference Secre tarial Services Secre tarial Serv i ces Secre tari a l Services Se c retarial Se rvices 1977 NCS L Con f erenc e, Publicat ion Services , Banq uet Speaker, 19 77 Graphic Ar ts Services 1977 NCS L Ccnf e r enc e Compu ter Se rvic es

Modera tor _ Moderator ,. Modera t or Modera tor i Modera tor ,I

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Spo uses Pr o gr am ,-1977 Confere nce NCSL Conference :;

, Spou s e s Pr og rarn I_

Secre tar ia l and Compu ter Se rvices -, Grap hic Ar t .s Services Secre tarial Services Many Year s of Service ,:; Presiden t Vice President ,~ Vice Presid ent _ Treasurer ,­Di rec t o r _ Di rec tor Di recto r Di rec t or ,­Di rec t or _

p res e n t e d to Douglas C. Strain .

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REPORT 'ON PREC IS ION MEAS UREMENT ASS OCIATION

Na t iona l of f icers e lec t ed to serve f or the PMA fisca l yea r beginni ng Sep tember 1, 197 7, a re :

President Fred Hume , J ohn Fl uke Company

Vi ce Pres i den t Frank Koi de , Au to ne t ics Gr oup, Rockwel l I nter na tional

Sec re tary J ulius Gargyi , Teledyne Systems Company

Treasurer George Ri c e, Au tone tics Grou p, Rockwel l In ter na tiona l

Direct ors at Lar ge

{ Norm Belecki , NBS , Washington Newly elec ted

Dr. Bruno Weinschel , Weins chel Engi neering Company , Inc .

{ Car r ol l Hug hes , III , Wes t inghous e El ec tri c Comp o Remaining Year

Rober t Brai na rd , Lockh eed California Company

Di rec t o r (pas t president) Dave Mit chell, Autonet i cs Gro up, Roc kwel l Internati onal

Initial s teps have been t aken t o move the PMA National Offices to the GI DEP Opera tions Center a t Nor co , Cal i fo r ni a . Thi s ac tion will resul t in GIDEP per f orming Sec re tar ia t services so me­wha t simi lar to the r ol e of NBS Secretaria t fo r t he NCSL.

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1977·1978

NCSL BOARD OF DIRECTORS

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