Upload
roderick-whitehead
View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Preliminary points
• German history not ‘pre-Nazi’• German history not ‘peculiar’• Fascism and anti-Semitism European
phenomena• Nazism not a ‘breakdown in the works’• Is Nazism a ‘past that will not pass away’?[die Vergangenheit, die nicht vergeht]
Key dates in modern German History
• 1648: Peace of Westphalia ends 30 years war• 1789: French Revolution• 1806: Battle of Jena – defeat of Prussia.• Dissolution of Holy Roman Empire• 1815 defeat of Napoleon• 1848 Nationalist revolutions (failed?)• 1871 Establishment of German Empire
Revolution
• 1917: Reichstag Peace resolution• Russian Revolution• Fatherland Party• January 1918 Mass strikes• November 1918: Defeat and revolution• Sailors’ soldiers and workers ‘councils’• Stab in the back myth• Räterepublik or parliamentary democracy?
Counter-revolution
• Post-war crisis, 1918-1923• Crushing of Spartakus uprisising by Freikorps• Murder of Rosa Luxenburg, Karl Liebknecht• Suppression of Munich Räterepublik• Kapp putsch, March 1919• Hitler Putsch, November 1923• Partial justice: Emil Julius Gumbel, Four years
of political murder (1922)