Building an energy-efficient India: Case study of Delhi NCRPresented By:Nawneet VibhawAssistant Professor & Assistant Dean Assistant Director, Centre for Environment and Climate Change Jindal Global Law School, New Delhi, India

India: Population StatisticsPopulation in 2012: 1.237 Billion [as per World Bank, US Census Bureau]

Growth in urban population between 2001-11 17.7%

Percent of urban population 31.2%

Highest proportion of urban population 97.5% [Delhi NCR]

Total population of Delhi NCR 21.7 million

States with highest proportion of urban population

Name of the StatePercentage of urban population Total population (in millions)Goa62.21.459Mizoram 52.11.091Tamil Nadu 48.472.15 Kerala 47.717.45Maharashtra 45.2112

Density of population (2011)

Country/ StatePersons per sq. km.India382Delhi11320Tamil Nadu 555Maharashtra365

Why are these figures important? The new government had proposed 100 smart cities in its election manifesto

Most of it is to be constructed along the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) [1483 kms. stretch across 5 states]

Partnership with various countries like Japan, Singapore and France in the pipeline

Companies like Cisco keen to bag projects

What is a smart-city?Economic opportunities

Mobility (efficient public transportation)

Clean Environment (minimal pollution levels, maximum recycling, water and waste management)

Energy Efficiency

Self-sustainable habitats

Sustainable economic development Job creation Minimum impact on environment

Better quality of lifeBetter mobility Better healthcareBetter education Clean environment

Efficient public transportation Population of Delhi NCR 21.7 million

More than 7.5 million vehicles [2012]

2.3 million commuters per day in Delhi metro [Feb., 2013]

Clean Environment Minimal pollution levels

Maximum recycling (waste management)

Water management

Minimum Pollution LevelsDelhi is the most polluted city in the world (World Health Organization Study published on May 7, 2014)

Reasons: reliance on fossil fuels such as coal fired power plantsdependence on private transport motor vehiclesinefficient use of energy in buildingsuse of biomass for cooking and heating

Waste management 85% of the city doesnt have a formal door-to-door trash pick-up system

Landfills coming up in neighbourhoods

Rainwater filtering through it makes groundwater toxic, methane produced pollutes air

High court intervened, Delhi government maintained its helplessness

Water management

Green Buildings Green Buildings make up less than 5 percent of the building market in India

Primary rating systems: GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)IGBC (Indian Green building Council) which provides for LEED rating (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) BEE (The Bureau of Energy Efficiency)

Government still working on a draft policy to finalise incentives for the sector?!

Example of Godrej Bhavan (Retrofits) Electricity costs down by 28 %Total electricity usage down 12 %Potential 15 year savings of INR 6,980,000 Largest energy and cost savings came from upgrading the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Building management system (BMS) adds by allowing the building operators to monitor, control and modify the buildings energy use, such as through lighting sensors and HVAC systems to control temperature.

So, does the solution lie in building smart cities or in (re)building our cities smartly?