NAViGATION (EXAMINATION OF MASTERS AND MATES) REGULATIONS.

STATUTORY RuLES 1931, No. 2Q.(b)

PART I.-PRELIMINARY.

1. These Regulations may be cited as the Navigation (Examination Bhort tltJ~. of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

2. These Regulations are divided into Parts, as follows:- l'arts.

Part I.-Preliminary. Part H.-General. Part III.-Qualifications and examinations for Foreign-going

Certificates. Division 1.-Preliminary. Division 2.-Second Mate (Foreign-going). Division 3.-First Mate (Foreign-going). Division 4. Master (Foreign-going). Division 5.-Extra Master. Division 6.-Sailing-ship endorsements.

Part TV.-Qualifications and examinations for Limited Coast­trade Certificates.

Division 1.-Preliminary. Division 2.-0rdinary Certificates-Limited

Coast-trade. Division 3.-Fore-and-aft Certificates-Limited

Coast-trade. Division 4.-Steam-ship Certificates-Limited

Coast-trade. Part V.-Qualifications and examinations for River and Bay

Certificates. Division 1.-Preliminary. Division 2.-Fore-and-aft Certificates-River

and Bay Trade. Vivision 3.-Steam-ship Certificates-River

and Bay Trade. Part VI.-Quali:ficatious and examinations for Yacht

Certi:ficates and for Special Subject!'!. Part VII.-Estimation of Sea Service. Part VIII.-Conduct of Examinations.

(a) Made under the Navigation Act 1912-1926 on 14th May, 1931. (b) Made under the Navigation .Act1912-1926 on 23rd February, 1931; deemed to have come into

operation on 12th January, 1931.

Definitions.

NAVIGATION

In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears-

" Appendix" means an Appendix to these Regulations; "Candidate" means a candidate for a certificate; "Certificate" means a Certificate of Competency as Master or

Mate (as case may be) granted in accordance with the or the Shipping Act, or any State or, in

of the certificates specified in the Government of any BTitish Dominion or Possession mentioned in that Appendix;

vessel" includes every vessel -which is not vessel; trade

u Local '' OI' '{ E:xaminer " means any Commonvvealth in the VV=~CHL-

"

Examiner of Masters and Mates at wealth;

Examiner " means the Examiner Masters a.nd Mates;

'

service " means service in :river and furnished with sails as a includes a so

steam Ol' othm: mechanical or calms.

" means a Schedule to these ·'"''!';lHct"~"-'C>)

'' total sea service", in relation means service in

service

" Service in in foreign-going or pedormed in such

all of are within limits of coast-trade prescribed for a >port in the Common­

or within the limits of the home trade o:r coast-trade of Great Britain or any of the Dominions;

"Sea service", ''·served at sea", "total sea service", in relation to Limited Coast-trade Certificates, means service performed in the limited coast-trade or in the home or coast trades of Great Britain or any of the Don;linions or in the foreign-going trade; ~ '

" Service in the limited coast-trade" means service performed in any ship (other than a River and Bay ship) engaged on trading voyages and plying between ports or places all of which are situated within the limits of the limited coast~trade prescribed for a port in the Commonwealth, or within the limits of the home trade or coast-trade of Great Britain or any of the Dominions; -

(Examination Masters and

" Square-rigged vessels" includes full-rigged ships, barques, barquentines and brigantines;

" Steam-ship" means a ship using steam or other lll.<~'-"HJLm> principal means of propulsion;

u Steam vessel " has a meaning with "steam-"· ' " The Act " means the Act 1912-1926.

Where the word " lower " " is used in these as descriptive of any or grade of certificate

or capacity in which the holder of a certificate may the value of that certificate, or of certificate, shall be relation to other the manner in the Schedule.

l'eference to a the form

Examinations for set forth in time to time

an M. and M.-B.

pART II.-GENERAL

shall be held the times and or at ouch othm· times as the Minister

for any examimttion shall for tbat examination set out in

to be

lll

The application, properly filled with th{l testimonials, discharges, birth, first aid and vmtchkeeping

certificates, and sectional pass form (if any), shall be with the Superintendent at the port where the applicant desires to examined, in the case o£ an examination for a certificate as Extra Master, at least fourteen days, and in other cases at least four days, before the of examination.

(3.) A candidate shall not be admitted to examination unless he has completed the prescribed period of service.

( 4.) All breaks in service shall be properly accounted for to the satisfaction of the Examiner.

7.-(1.) A candidate for a certificate shall not be admitted to Prooiot

examination unless he :first produces satisfactory proof that he is a ~~!}:'amy. British subject.

Testimonials.

Watch-keeping cartltlcates.

Special application.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

:2.) Proof of nationality may be made by the production of-( a) the candidate's birth certificate or a 'properly certified copy

thereof; or (b) the candidate's certificate of naturalization; or (c) a Certificate of Competency of a lower grade which has been

granted to the candidate under these Regulations.

(3.) If a candidate cannot produce the evidence required by the last preceding sub-regulation, he must furnish, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, other documentary evidence of British nationality.

( 4.) If any doubt exists as to a candidate's nationality, ,the case shall be referred to the Principal Examiner for consideration and his decision in the matter shall be final.

8.-(1.) A candidate shall not be admitted to examination unless he :first produces testimonials as to experience, ability and conduct in accordance with this regulation.

(2.) The testimonials shall be signed by the master, or owner, or properly accredited representative thereof, of the ship in which the service was performed, and shall be such as to prove, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, the sobriety, experience, ability and general good conduct of the candidate for at least the twelve months of sea service immediately preceding the date of application for examination.

9.-(1.) A candidate for a certificate, for which service as watch­keeping officer is required, shall produce a certificate of watchkeeping service signed by the master of the vessel on which he has served.

(2.) Such certificate shall be in accordance with such one of the forms in Appendix E. as is applicable.

10.-(1.) A candidate who is in doubt as to whether his service complies with these Regulations, and who desires to submit his case for special consideration, shall submit his discharges, testimonials, watchkeeping certificates (if any) and form of application (properly filled in) to the local Examiner, or, if at a port where there is no Examiner, to the Superintendent.

(2.) Wbere the papers cannot be submitted direct to a local Examiner, they should be addressed to the Director of Navigation, Melbourne.

(3.) Where necessary, the local Examiner or Superintendent, as the case may be, shall forward the papers with his observations to the Principal Examiner, who may either deal with the case or bring it before the Director.

( 4.) Wbere a candidate is still serving under Articles of Agreement, a written statement to that effect, signed by the master of the ship, and verified by the Superintendent at the port, may be accepted as proof of service under the existing Articles of Agreement.

( 5.) Wbere service as second or third mate in limited coast-trade ships is claimed as qualifying service for a foreign-going certificate, a complete statement of the voyages, verified by the master or owner, shall accompany the application.

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

H. A candidate who­ Penalty for misconduct.

has neglected or refused to join his vessel after having (a)

(b) (c)

signed articles ; or has deserted his vessel after having joined; or has been found guilty of gross misconduct on board,

shall be required to produce satisfactory proofs of two years' subsequent service and good conduct at sea, unless the Director, after having investigated the matter, sees fit to reduce the time.

12.-(1.) If, during the progress of an examination, the Examiner. Physlcalor

becomes satisfied that the candidate is afflicted with physical or mental :f~~~r~ty. disabilities such as render him unfit for the proper performance of the duties of a master or officer at sea, he shall immediately discontinue the examination and report the matter to the Principal Examiner.

(2.) When an examination has been so discontinued, the examina­tion fee paid by the candidate shall, on application, be returned to him.

(3.) Where such candidate subsequently produces a medical certificate to the effect that his physical or mental condition has improved or is normal, the Director may permit the candidate to sit again for examination.

13. If a candidate fails to satisfy the Examiner that he can speak Failure In

and write the English language sufficiently well to enable him to ~,~~!~e. efficiently perform the duties required of him on board a British vessel, in the position for which he desires a certificate, he shall be refused a certificate and shall not. be re-examined until after a lapse of six months.

14.-(1.) Upon a candidate passing all sections of his examination, Issue of

the Examiner shall issue to him an authority in accordance with certlftco.tes.

Form M. & M.-EE., authorizing the Deputy Director to whom it is addressed to issue the certificate.

(2.) A certificate of competency shall be in accordance with the form in Appendix H.

(3.) Where the candidate passes in part ,of the examination only, the Examiner shall supply him with a record of his passing in accord­ance with Form M. & M.-EE.(1). The candidate shall retain this form and produce it to the Examiner when he next presents himself for examination.

15.-(1.) If aft.er a candidate has passed the examination it is Service found

discovered that his services were insufficient to have entitled him to f~.~mclent. receive a certificate of the grade for which he has passed, the certificate shall be withheld from him.

(2.) If the Principal Examiner is satisfied that the error in the calculation of the candidate's services did not occur through any fault of, or wilful misrepresentation by, the candidate, the fee shall be returned to the candidate.

(3.) If the services of the candidate entitle him to a certificate of a lower grade, such a certificate may be granted to him, and the difference, if any, between the fee paid by him for the higher grade certificate and the fee payable for the lower grade certificate shall be returned to the candidate.

NAVIGATION

( 4.) Where a certificate of a lower grade is issued, in accordance with the provisiollil of the preceding suh-r~ulation, the certificate for which the candidate has passed shall not until he has performed the amount of service in which he was uv.w"'"""'' and has been- re-examined in all the of the """a.ctuli."-

the tlOn,

in his

ceE·~!IIc•tos of A person who has attained the rank of Lieutenant in His OI' in His Indian Marine Service, may

for a certificate of BJ:rrvice as Master of a ship examinlltion.

(Exn. 18), as issued the Superintendent

at any principal port in a State.

the Board of a Mercantile

Australian Navy may be examined the conditions as prescribed in regu-

(2.) such officer who examined shall through hi3 Secretary of

direct to in either forward the

application to the Director.

Candidates for any grade of ce1·tificate shall proceed to the oral examination irrespective of ,,-hether they have or failed in their •,vritten work.

Where a candidate m the written portion of the the or vice his pass in that portion

"'"'"w.utu the examiners shall good for a period of si:;;: months from the date of the examination. If he does not pass the remainder of the examination within this period he shall again he required to be examined both in the written and in the oral portions. The Director may, in exceptional circumstances, extend this period up to a limit of one year.

tor In the case of a second failure or any subsequent failure m the written or the oral portion of the ex8.mination, or in both, an interval of two months shall elapse from the date of the last failure before a candidate can be re-examined. A further penalty shall not be imposed except in those cases where the Examiner considers further sea service necessary.~ Such sea service shall not exceed six months.

(2.) When a candidate fails in the oral portion of the examina­tion, either at the first or any subsequent a1ltempt, the Examiner, iv making his report, in accordance with Form :JI•L & M:-FF., shall state whether any further sea service .shall be performed by the candidate and he shall also insert this information in Form M. & M.-B.

Masters and

Inability to repeat verbatim the Articles or the Collision shall not entail failure in the oral examination if the

understands the full significance, content and application of the Articles,

.l\. candidate who is eligible for examination fm any of for which signalling is may take this the examination, in accordanc.e with Appendix and on payment the prescribed fee, at any time within the six months immediately before or after he presents himself for examination in the written and oTal portions,

(2.) A candidate who fails in signalling but passes in every other subject may, at any time within the six months following his first attempt, be re-examined in signalling only, and, if he then passes, shall receive his certificate of competency,

(3.) Subject to the above conditions, a candidate may be allowed to take the signalling examination in any week during which examina­tions of Masters and Mates are being held at the port, but the special fee for this examination, as prescribed in the First Schedule, shall be paid for each separate attempt.

Cond! Mono o! 1' · _1 passing in ~1olVer anu Navigation

in

21. In order to .secure a pass in the examination in or written work prescribed for any Limited Coast-Trade or Bay Certificate, a candidate must- and Signalllng.

( a) obtain 7 5% of the total marks allotted to the problemB and written portions of the examination papers prescribed for that certificate Ylhich are given him to do;

(b) attain a degree of accuracy in JYior~;e and semaphore signal­ling of at least 90% when signalling at the speed pre­scribed for tho ce1·ti:ficate desired;

(c) give answers in the oral part of the exo"mination that satisfy the Examiner as to the candidate's ability.

22. In order to pass in the examination in Seamanship, a candidate shall give such answol's as 'satisfy the Examiner that the candidat.e understands and has a thorough knowledge of the parts of the subject prescribed for the certificate for which he is being examined and for any certificate of a lower grade.

Oondition.s of passlng in Seam.ru:1ship.

23.--(1.) Whenever a candidate takes the Signalling examination Ex!>mlnatlon ln

apart from the written and oral examination for a certificf!,te of com- ~;:J;~!SJ, potency, he shall fill in a separate Form Jl;I, & JYI.-R The result of only,

the examination shall be reported to the Principal Examiner on the ForEt M. & 1'11,-FF., the entry "Passed" or "Failed" being made in the appropriate column and the words "Not examined" Ol"

"Previously passed," as the case may be, entered in the columns headed "Written" and" Oral," &o. The Form Jl;I, & JYI.-R shall be forwarded to the Director and the result of the examination reported thereon.

(2.) A similar procedure shall be followed when a candidate is re-examined in the written or oral portion of the examination only.

(3.) In all. cases whore a candidate, after previously passing in the other two portions of an examination, passes in the written, oral or signalling portion of the examination, the Examiner shall enter the dates of passing the several portions of the examination in their

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

respective columns in Form M. & M.-B. On completion, Form M. & l'L-B., with the relative Form M. & M.-EE.(1) attached, shall be forwarded to the Director, and an authority in accordance with Form M. & M.-EE. issued to the candidate.

Fallure ln extra 24. Candidates for Extra certificates shall not be allowed to present exam!natlom. themselves for examination more than twice within a period of twelve

months.

Candidate® lalllng may be examined for certlftcate ol lower grade.

Change of eertificate.

Dup!lcate of certificate.

25.-(1.) Where a candidate fails in his examination for a foreign­going certificate, and the subjects in which he fails are not included in the syllabus prescribed for a foreign-going certificate of a lower grade, he may, if he so desires, be examined for the lower grade certificate without further formal application or payment of fee.

(2.) The candidate shall be required to complete the whole of the work prescribed for such lower grade.

( 3.) Where a candidate fails in his examination for the Extra Master's certificate, he may also, without further formal application or payment of fee, proceed with the examination for the Master's certificate, but, in this case, the whole of the examination prescribed for the lower grade shall be completed subsequently irrespective of any work which has been done under examination for the Extra certificate.

(4.) The subsequent examination for the lower grade may, if time permits, be taken during the current week, but in this case, telegraphic advice of the papers to set shall be first obtained; if time does not permit, the candidate shall be allowed to sit nt the next following examination.

(5.) No part of the foe which a candidate has paid shall be returned to him, and on presenting himself, when qualified, for re-examination for the higher certificate, he shall pay a further full fee.

26.-(1.) The holder of an uncancelled and unexpired Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate issued under any State Act prior to 1st January, 1924, may surrender it for the certificate issued under the Navigation Act 1912-1926 to which it most closely corresponds:

Provided that, subject to these Regulations, the Commonwealth certificate so granted shall be valid only for the purposes for which, and to the extent to which, the surrendered certificate was valid, and shall be endorsed accordingly.

(2.) The holder of an old-pattern certificate may exchange it for a certificate in book form on payment of a fee of Five shillings to the Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office.

( 3.) Applications for exchange of certificates shall be made in accordance with Form M. & M.-D.

27.-(1.) An application for a certified copy of a certificate issued under the AGt, and which has- been lost or destroyed, shall be made in accordance with Form 11. & M.-D., and shall be lodged with a Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office. The declaration as to the circurnstances in which the certificate was lost shall also be made by the applicant before the Superintendent.

(2.) If, on presen!ation to a Superintendent, any certificate issued under these Regulations is found to be defaced by use or accident to

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

such an extent as to be illegible, it shall be at once transmitted to the Director, accompanied by an application, duly filled in, when a certified. copy having all the effect of the original shall be issued in lieu thereof.

( 3.) In cases ·where it is satisfactorily shown that due care had been taken of the original, that the loss, destruction or defacement was not due to the fault of the holder and that, where possible, diligent effort had been made to recover the certificate, a charge shall not be made for the certified copy.

( 4.) In cases where the Director is not so satisfied, the applicant shall be required to pay a fee of Ten shillings before delivery of the copy.

28. In any case not provided for in these Regulations, the Regula- Application

tions made by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom, and for the 0~ ~oa~d time being in force, relative to the examination of masters and mates ~eg~~attoM. for certificates, shall, mutatis mutandis, to the extent to which they are applicable to the matter, be deemed to be incorporated in these Regulations, and observed accordingly.

29.-(1.) Every candidate for a foreign-going certificate as Master, F!rBt Ald.

First J\ilate or Second Mate, or for a Limited coast-trade certificate as Master or First Mate, Sub-grade A, shall be required to produce a certificate of proficiency in First Aid granted by an approved authority.

( 2.) :For the purposes of this regulation, the following shall be deemed to be approved authorities, namely:-

(a) St. John's Ambulance Association; (b) St. Andrew's Ambulance Aseociation; (c) St. Patrick's Ambulance Association; (d) British Red Cross Society; (e) London County Council; (f) Glamorgan County Council; (g) Leith Technical College; (h) A Medical Officer of one of His Jl,fajesty's Ships; and ( i) Any other body approved m writing by the Director of

Navigation.

( 3.) The certificate of proficiency in First Aid shall be an adult certificate, that is to say, obtained by the candidate when sixteen years of age or more, and the examination therefor shall have been passed not more than three years before the date of the examination for the Certificate of Competency:

Provided that certificates of proficiency in First Aid issued by the St. John's Ambulance Association more than three vears before the examination for the Certificate of Competency sh~ll be accepted, provided that, at the expiration of three years since its issue, the certificate of proficiency has attached to it the "voucher" or "label" of the Association certifying that the holder has passed re-examination in First Aid.

( 4.) Candidates who do not produce a certificate of proficiency in First Aid may be permitted to sit for examination for master or mate, but the Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate shall not be issurorl until after the production of the First Aid Certificate.

Slght tests.

NAVIGATION

Subject to the succeeding sub-regulations of tion, a of Competency shall not be issued to until he has :first passed the sight tests set fOTth in the

Every candidate for a certificate shall Where the candidate obtained a Certificate of

test. ln

he shall be eyes together. before the date

to nossess at th; candidate did

mentioned, he shall be

months.

normal vision using at his

A candidate who :fails to pass the himself for re-examination at intervals

for examination :for a Two and

the candidate fails to for examination less a deduction be returned to him.

both eyes or either

letter test may of not less than three

the lantern test on the :first for examination for his :first then he shall not

occaswn.

who holds a Certificate the lantern test u.nless such """'".u.Luli;i.

Director.

A candidate ·whc fails to pass the shall not be re-examined with the

instructions of the examination before

lantem

refers a to his

not be expenses incurred

an additional

absence from examination. Where

may be expenses not during the day.

(7.) 1'i candidate who fails for a examination on ehall returned to him ~in examination. Payment shall not a candidate who, upon his own Examiners, unless he passes the special examination or

Where

event of failure, the Director considers that the circumstances of c.\ise justify such payment.

( 8.) Where a candidate fails to )?ass the lantern the Examiner shall point out to him the conditione under which he may appeal shall be made through the Examiner, and Principal Examiner with the Examiner's remarks.

Masters and

Where, during the course _of a special oAanu.u.a•-~v~•, a candidate is to have a permanent defect in his render him unfit for a sea career, he shall be to examined again in the sight tests on any future occasion:

where the candidate is stiU

The examination in deter~

shall of a I'itercantile Marine Ofiice in and shall pay a fee of Two u~.UH.Uf>

This fee shall be on which a candidate 1s examinations.

A list of w contained .A.

the tests may be held

P.ttn,T AND ExAMINATIONS FOR Fm:tEIGN-GOING

CERTIFICATES.

the the conditions pasmng the necess:uy

Division

The holdBr of an " may act in his

whose for examination for 9. has been made and under the old mt;wuuct!Nl of

date without age be bel.ow

candidate rvho certificate on or

of these

Division 2.-Second llate (Foreign-going).

after that qno.llfi<wtl<o•u•.

his

for a shall

sea

33.-(1.) EYery candidate for a second-mate's foreign-going certi:fi- Qllalificetlone.

cate shall not be less than twenty years of age, and shall have had four sea service in the foreign-going trade or the equivalent, six ;~·o·rol!<n-l!O!I!gJ. years~ in home trade or limited coast-trade

General. Second Mate (Foreign-going).

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

(2.) Any candidate who, before the 1st ,January, 1929, was inden­tured as an apprentice to the sea service, or went to sea in any other capacity qualifying for examination, or began his qualifying service on board a training ship, may be admitted to examination for a certificate as Second Mate on completion of the prescribed period of qualifying service, notwithstanding that he may still be under twenty years of age, provided that he is not under eighteen years of age and that in all other respects he complies with the Regulations.

34.-(1.) A candidate shall demonstrate his understanding of his work by means of sketches and figures drawn with reasonable accuracy but not necessarily to scale.

(2.) A candidate shall not be required to give mathematical proofs of formulae, but shall, where possible, be able to demonstrate the truth of a formula by means of a figure.

syllalnlll. 35. Every candidate for a foreign-going certificate as second mate Second Mat13 shall be examined in the following subjects:-(Foreign-going).

(1.) Paper 1. (Written)-

KNOWLEDGE OF PRINCIPLES. ( 3 hours.) (a) The reading of simple graphical diagrams, e.g., stability

curves, weather statistics, &c. (b) The practical use of logarithms to base 10; their use in

simple calculatious involving multiplication, division, simple powers and roots.

(c) Areas and perimeters of rectangle, triangle, circle, volumes, and smface areas of box-shaped bodies, cylinders and wedges. Practical applications, e.g., weight of general cargo of varied shapes; capacities of holds and bunkers; weight of contents of bunkers.

(d) Plane sections of a sphere. Great and small circles. Angle between two great circles. Shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Formation of spherical triangles. Sides and angles of spherical triangles.

(e) Trigonometrical ratios-sine, cosme, tangent, cosecant, secant, cotangent, haversine.

The simple Telations between these ratios. The relation between the ratios of angles which together make (a) one right angle (b) two right angles-e.g., the sine of an angle = the cosine of. its com­plement, &c.

The solution of a plane right-angled triangle. Use of the Traverse Table for solving right-angled triangles. Practical problems on right-angled triangles, e.g., doubling the angle on the bow, four­point bearing, danger angle~, distance from a point of land of known height, &c.

(f) Given two sides and the included angle of a spherical, triangle, to find the third side.

Given three sides of a spherical triangle to find any angle. (These two problems are preferably done by the use of the haversine formulae.)

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

A general understanding of the following:-(g) The earth and its daily and annual movements. Meaning

of equator and poles. The position of a place fixed by its latitude and longitude; meridians. Distances measur'{ld on the earth; nautical mile; departure. To show clearly, but without proof, the connection between departure, difference of longitude and middle latitude.

(h) The re;,1 movement of sun, moon and planets. The celestial sphere; celestial poles; celestial meridian above and below pole; zenith; celestial equator. Altitude and zenith distance of heavenly bodies; celestial horizon; prime vertical; circles of altitude.

( i) Apparent movements of heavenly bodies. Declination. Rising and setting of heavenly bodies. Amplitude. The position of a heavenly body on the celestial sphere both with and without reference to the observer, i.e., Declination with Right Ascension or Azimuth with altitude. Azimuth.

(j) Apparent movement of sun. Mean sun. Ecliptic. Length of day and night. First point of Aries. Right ascension. Right Ascension of mean sun.

(lc) General ideas on time. Hour angle. Greenwich and other standard times. Simultaneous hour angles of heavenly bodies in different places. Sidereal time. Relation of longitude and time. Equation of time. Mean and apparent times at Greenwich and elsewhere.

(Z) Hour angle of heavenly body + Right Ascension of heavenly body = Hour Angle of Mean Sun + Right Ascension of Mean Sun.

The meaning of E. and R. in the Nautical Almanac. ( m) Oonection of sextant altitudes. True horizon and visual

horizon; dip of the horizon. Effect of atmosphere, refraction. Semidiameter. Parallax.

( n) Geographical position of heavenly body. The simple explanation of the " Circle of position" on the earth,

based on the three following facts:-Zenith Distance of heavenly body = distance of geographical

position from an observer. Latitude of geographical position = Declination of heavenly

body. Longitude of geographical position = Hour Angle of heavenly

body West of the meridian of Greenwich. How a position circle is placed on a chart in practice. Position line. Intercept. A simple description of how a position line is obtained from

the observed altitude of a heavenly body by-(i) A Jl.!l:eridian Altitude.

(ii) An Ex-Meridian Altitude. (iii) An Altitude of Polaris. (iv) An Altitude with an assumed latitude (Longitude by

chronometer). ( v) An Altitude with an assumed Dead Reckoning position

(Marcq St. Hilaire).

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

meridian. Deviation and variation of the magnetic compass. Correction of compass courses and bearings to magnetic or true courses and bearings End vice versa.

(p) The simple properties of a Mercator's Chart with regard to courses md bearings, longitude and latitude scales and lhe measurement of distanee. Rhumb lines. Meridional Parts.

2. (Written)-

PRACTlCAL NAVIGATION I. (Including Tides) (2 hours.)

(a) To calculate "'pprozimate time of high water by the use of the High Water Full :md Change constant. To :find the time and height of high and low water at Standard Ports (Admiralty Tide Tables). To :find tho height of tide at a given time intermediate between high and low water, and thence by use of tables or diagram to det-ermine approximate conections to soundings and heights of objee3ts above sea level taken at such intermediate times. Ohart datum lines.

(b) To :find cour~e and distance, departure, and difference of latitude between two points by me:.ms of tho Traverso Table. Practical use of formula connecting departure, difference of longi­tude and middle latitude.

(c) To :find the course and distance betvileen two points by the use of meridional (Mercator Sailing).

(d) Chronometers. Stowage at safe distance from magnetic and electrical instruments. Management and care. Handling, winding, comparing. Writing up chronometer journal. Value of

comparisons. Wireless and other time signals for rating chronometers.

(e) To :find true bearing of any heavenly body by Azimuth or Amplitude Tables, diagram, or any other method the candidate may select. To find the error of the compass, and thenee the deviation.

(3.) Paper 3. (Written)-

Pll.ACTIOAI~ NAVIGATION E. (3 hours.)

(In the correction of observed altitudes, total correction tables may be u.sed.)

(a) By the use of the Traverse Table, to obtain the Dead Reckoning position of the ship at any time, given compass courses and errors, and the run recorded by log or calculated by estimated speed and time standard clock. The candidate may be asked to allo-w for the effects of current and wind.

(b) To iincl the latitude by Meridian Altitude of sun, star, moon or planet, and to determine a positio:D: line by this means.

To work an ex-Meridian altitude of the sun, and thence to a position line. ·

(d) To determine from observed altitude of sun, star, moon, or planet a position lino on which the ship is by longitude by chronometer method if suitable, or by any other method (e.g. Marcq St. Hilaire) at the discretion of the mmdidate.

Masters and

Given one pos1t10n knowing the speed of and interval of tim~ between , , 'to t,r9:nsfer such positio~ line to that obtamea from mendwn or ex-me:nd1an and tnenee "'> determine the position at time of second observation,

Paper 4---

CHART WORIL ( 2 hours,) (True cour·ses and bearings will, as a rule, be as hom a

Compass Card marked 0° to 360°, e.g, course 264° True, Magnetic and compa0s courses and bearings will be given with :reference cardinal point.s, e,g. course 8.84° W, m::tgnetic. Candidates should conform to this

(a) On a chart, to find the true course and distance between two points; given variation and compass deviation, to find mag­netic and compass course and vice versa; to keep the Dead Reckoning on a ch9,rt; to lay off courses, allowing for current

(b) On a chart, to :fix the ship by simultaneous cross bearing", bearing and range, or by wireless cross bearings, applying the necessary corrections, To :fix by the bearings of one or more objects with run between, allowing for current; to find the distance at which the ship will pass a given point.

(c) To avoid dangers ancl. to use clearing marks. To use hori­zontal and vertical danger angles.

(d) To interpret from a chart the information it gives, ticularly about buoys, lights, depths and nature of bottom, and tidal em-rents, Recognition of the coast. The intelligent use of Sailing Directions.

(N,B.--Th Examiner may ask oral syllabus.)

) Paper 5. (Written)-

on the above

01U~.GO \VORK AND ELEThiEfNTARY SHIP CO:.L-TSTRUO'I'ION. homs,)

(a) The stowage and dunn aging of different varieties of cargoes, including bulk cargoes. ideas on the making and use of eargo plans.

'The preparation for out I:nd discharge of cargo.

I~igging a ship for loading and discharging cn.rgo, and the use of deT:;_·icks and winches. Strength of cargo gear.

The calculation of capacities of bunkers, holds, tanks and boats. Caiculation Df capacities tDken up by part

remaimng. Conversion of measurement measurement and vice versa,

and of space cargo into spnce

(b) The names of the principal parts of a slnp. General ideas on ship construction and hull maintenance, The

candidate will be expected to show his practical acquaintance ·with certain portions of his own ship, e.g. longitudinal and transverse framing. Bulkheads, Hatches, Rudders and steering gear, Shell plati1Jg. Stem frame, Propellers and propeller shafts, stern tube, propeller brackets,

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

The stiffening and strengthening to resist panting, pounding and propeller vibrations.

Double bottom tanks, bilges, bilge pumps, sounding pipes. V en­tilation systems of holds and tanks.

(c) Displacement. Deadweight. Use of tons per inch immersion scale. Calculation of weight

of cargo, &c., from draughts. Effect of varying density of watero Buoyancy. Centre of gravit;y and centre of buoyancy. The

laws of floating bodies. Effect of filling and emptying ballast tanks on centre of gravity

of ship as a whole.

( 6.) Paper 6. (Written)-ENGLISH. (H hours.)

The paper will be designed to t§st the candidate's ability to write clear and grammatical English with due attention to spelling and penmanship. It will be in no sense a test of technical knowledge.

(7.) Oral and Practical Portions-1.-( a) Rigging of ships. Strength of ropes, wire and hemp.

Rigging purchases of various kinds and knowledge of power gained by purchases. Knotting and splicing hemp and steel ropes with strict reference to current practice. Seizings, racking chain stoppers, &c.

(b) Sending topmasts up and down. (c) Bending, setting and taking in fore and aft sails. Manage­

ment of boats under oars and sail and in heavy weather. Beaching or landing. Coming alongside.

(d) Helm orders. Conning the ship. 2.-( a) Marking and use of ordinary lead line. (b) Use and upkeep of mechanical logs and sounding machines. (c) Use and upkeep of engine-room and other telegraphs. (d) Rocket and line throwing apparatus.

3.-( a) Anchors and cables. Use, upkeep and survey. (b) Knowledge of use and maintenance of deck appliances and

steering gear. (c) Fire extinguishing apparatus-steam, chemical and other

appliances.

4.-( a) Preparations and precautions for getting under way. Duties prior to proceeding to sea, making harbour or coming along­side, especially at after end of ship.

(b) Keeping an anchor watch. Dragging anchor. (c) Duties of officer of the watch. Use of compass to ascertain

risk of collision.

5.-(a) A full knowledge of the content and application of the regulations for preventing collision at sea. (Candidates· will not be placed in the position of handling a sailing ship, but will be expected to recognize a sailing ship's lights and to have a know­ledge of her possible manceuvres according to the direction of the wind.)

Na1'igation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

(b) Distress and pilot signals; penalties for misuse. (c) British uniform system of buoyage. (d) An intelligent use of "Notices to Mariners." (Candidates

will not be required to commit these to memory.) 6.-Signals. To send and receive signals in-

( a) British Semaphore up to eight words per minute. (b) Morse Code by flash lamp up to six words per minute. (c) International Code of Signals.

7.-Practical. (a) To read and understand a barometer, thermometer, hydro-

meter and hygrometer. (The instruments supplied by the Meteorological Office will be taken as standard.)

(b) To use an azimuth mirror, pelorus (bearing plate) or other instrument for taking bearings; to place these bearings on a chart, having corrected for given compass error.

(c) To use a sextant for taking vertical and horizontal angles; to read a sextant both on and off the arc.

(d) To correct a sextant into which has been introduced some or all of perpendicularity, side and index errors.

(e) To find the index error of a given sextant. (f) To check chronometers by signal made by buzzer or other

method; to compare two chronometers.

8.-The Examiner may ask the candidate questions ansmg out of the written work, if he deems it necessary on account of weak­ness shown by the candidate. (This applies particularly to Paper 5.)

Division 2.-First Mate (Foreign-going).

36.-(1.) Every candidate fpr a First Mate's foreign-going certificate Qnal!fie~~tlooo.­shall not be less than twenty-one and a half years of age, and shall Flrst Mate

have had five and a half years' sea service in the foreign-going trade (Foreign-going).

or the equivalent, eight years and three months in home trade or limited coast-trade ships.*

( 2.) Such sea service shall include-( a) eighteen months in a capacity not lower than that of third

of three watchkeeping officers on a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign­going ship; t

(b) two years and three montl1s in a capacity not lower than that of First or Only Mate of a home trade or limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship; or

(c) where the length of the voyage between terminal ports of a limited coast-trade ship is not less than 500 miles­two years and three months in a capacity not lo·wer than that of third of three watchkeeping officers on such limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship.

° For convenience of ca.lculation, the service required is stated in a tabular form in Ap-pendix B. t See Regulations 116, 117 of these Regulations.

company.

byllabue .•

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

37.-(1.) Where a candidate for a First J'uiate's foreign-gc certificate has served continuously with the same company or shipi firm as apprentice and junior officer and has completed two ye service, performed while holding a Second ]/[ate's foreign-going cer

aB the junior of two bridge-keeping officers of the watch, he to present himself :for the examination:

Provided that the whole of such seYVice shall have been of not less than

the 1\iaster.

to a certificate shan not be is of twelve months' sea to two

referred to m the

:nn tters included QJ:UlTl~nntlon of a e.erti"ficato :-

1.

on

of stars o£ first (to nearest

To

bodies· to calculate an sextant a :meridian

latitude £rorr1 an altitude of P'o1aris. T·hence

altitude of any and

an observation

.?RACTIOAJJ r;rAVIGA.TION II. (2

tab1e or CUl'Ye.

To es.leulate the initial cours·s aEd distance on a Great track between two the use of the Vertex

of the Great Circle, to lay a on a Mercatm's Chan. The use of Admiralty Tide Tables (Part Section

the use of non-harmonic constants and tidal differences.) (d) The harmonic method of tidal prediction and the use of

harmonic constants (l'-dmiralty Tide Tables, Part II., Section II.). •see Regulation 120 of these Regulations.

Navigation Masters and

Paper 3-CHART WORK.

(a) to :from a chart the information it use Sailing intelligently. of a coast. Landfalls in eleHr weatheT. :fOT Distance of land of

charts. Construction and use of line

use of wireless beacons.

use of a single The

The use of a Gnomonic Chart smd transfer of a Great Circle track from such a chart to l~ercator's Chart.

Stresses flnd

A

Examiner may ask oral

a11d stem .and hnvv secured, strains .. in effect of

of to withstand such is liable to occur.

a line oi rivstJ.

on the

sustaihed

seas

water-

geal". Hatches and gear.

and maintem.mce. and cahie lockers.

(b) a ship is H~'L•HHvU and longitudinal metacentres. obtain stiffness" at this depends on.

of data for ascertaining metacentric heights of a ship any particular condition.

Determination of ce21tre of g1·avity of a ship in any condition, the centre of gravity in light condition being given. Use of stability curves and data supplied to a Alteration of during a voyage. E:ffect of shifting cargo. Change of trim.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

(5.) Paper 5. (Written)-

SHIP MAINTENANCE, ROUTINE AND CARGO WORK. (3 hours.) (a) Keeping a ship's log. (Mate's log.) (b) Ship maintenance and organization. Indents and stores.

Repair lists. Properties and uses of paints. Painting. Chipping, scraping. Cement work. Treatment of wood work. Inspection and maintenance of bulkheads, double bottoms, deep tanks, rudders. Bottom painting. Drainage of holds and double bottom tanks. Inspection and maintenance of anchOTs and cables. Main­tenance of holds w~th reference to cargo carrying. Spar ceilings, &c. Inspection and maintenance of pumps, strums, roseboxes and bilges.

(c) Simple calculation of stresses in spans, derricks, topping lifts, &c. Strength of ropes, chains, slings, t"wo slings at an angle, &c. Purchases and power gained by purchases.

(d) Cargo work.-(The candidate should, where possible, illus­trate his answers from his own experience.)

Stowage of eargo. General-stowage of bag cargoes, bales, casks, &c.

Bulk stowage. Partition and shifting boards. Ceilings and dunnage Deck stowage. Possible damage and its avoidance.

Good and bad stowage. Special cargoes-explosives, grain, timber, oil in bulk, steel rails, &c.

Given a cargo list, to stow a hold or holds, making a rough cargo plan, with a view to stability of tender and stiff ships, damage and contamination, easy handling and possible optional ports of discharge.

Methods of ventilation of cargoes. Drainage of holds. Closing o£ hatches. Cargo working gear-derricks and wincheso

Organization of cargo work.

(6.) Paper 6. (Written)-

METEOROLOGY. (2 hours.) (a) The principles of the barometer. How to read it and reduce

the readings to standard datum. (b) How to observe the force and direction of the wind with

no other instrument than the compass and use of the Beaufort scale.

(c) How to observe and log the state of sea and swell, weather and visibility by the International scales for the use of seamen.

(d) The principles and use of the thermometer, dry bulb, wet bulb and sea surface.

(e) Use of hydrometer. (f) General knowledge of the wind and current systems of the

oceans. How to deduce t};!e set and drift of currents. (g) The Laws of Storms. Buys Ballot's Law. Rules for

handling ships in tropical revolving storms. The seasons and localities of tropical revolving storms and their precursory signs.

(h) The Visual Storm Warning signals. ( i) The seven fundamental types of -vveather. (j) The elementary principles of synoptic charts, including a

knowledge 0f how the atmospheric pressure distribution and gradient is obtained. Principn_l cloud types.

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

(k) To draft a wireless weather report and how to decode a weather report made in the International \~'feather Code, the tables being provided.

(7.) Oral Portion-

1.-(a) Shifting large spars and rigging sheers. (b) The handling of heavy weights with special reference to

strength of gear used. (c) Use and maintenance of all deck and above deck appliances

and fittings-winches, capstans, windlasses, emergency steering gear, and fittings used between anchor and cable locker. Hoisting in boats.

(d) Bending, setting and taking in fore and aft sails. Manage­ment and equipment of ships' lifeboats and number of persons who may be carried in each class of boat.

2. Anchors-different kinds; advantages and disadvantages of each. How to rig a sea anchor and what means to employ to keep a vessel, disabled or unmanageable, out of the trough of the sea and lessen her lee drift. Cables and their care. Preparations for anchoring. Operation of anchoring with single anchor and use of second anchor. Clearing a foul anc.hor. Mooring. Clearing a foul hawse. Anchoring in a tideway and in a confined space. Dragging anchor. .Anchor watch. Slipping a cable. To carry out an anchor with boats. Getting under way.

3.-(a) Effect of propellers on the steering of a ship. Stopping, going astern and manceuvring. Turning circles. Effects of current, wind, sea, shallows, draft.

(b) Coming alongside a wharf, &c. Turning a steamship short round, manceuvring in rivers and harbours. Emergency manmuvres. Man overboard.

(c) Management of steamships in stormy weather. (d) To get a cast of the deep sea lead.

4.-( a) Testing lifebuoys and life jackets; other life-saving gear.

(b) Accidents, e.g., collision, running aground, accidents to hatches, leaks, fires a11d their treatment. Running repairs. Handling a disabled ship.

(c) A practical knowledge of the screening of ships' navigation lights.

(d) Preparation for dry-docking. Use of shores, bilge blocks and bilge shores.

5. Regulations for prevention of collision at sea.-In accordance with requirements, Section 5 (Oral) of paragraph (7.) of regula­tion 35.

6. Signals.-In accordance with Section 6 (Oral) of paragraph (7.) of regulation 35.

7. The Examiner may ask the candidate questions arising out of the written work, if he deems it necessary on account of weakness shown by the candidate.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

Division 4.-Master Every candidate for a master's foreign-going certificatB

shall be not less than 23 yc~:"rs of age, and shall have had seven years' sea service in the foreign-going trade o:r the equivalent, ten and a half years, in home trade or limited coast-trade ships.

Such period of sea service shall include-( a) one year and six months in a capacity not lower than

First Mate of a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate of grade not lower than that of First }J:ate of a foreign-going ship;

(b) two years in a capacity not lower than that of second of three watchkeeping officers, on a foreign-going whilst holding a ceTtificate as First Mate of a foreign­going ship;

two yea:rs and six months in a capacity not lower than third of three watchkeeping officers on a foreign-going ship, whilst holding a certificate of grade not loweT than that of First Mate of a foreign-going ship;

(d) three years as Master of a home tTade or limited coast-trade ship, during at least one year of which he shall have held a certiJica te of grad.e not lower than that of Second Mate of a :foreign-going ship or JYiaster of a limited coast­trade ship, sub-grade A;

(e) two yeaTs and three months in a capacity not lower than that of First or Only Mate of a home trade or limited coast-tTade ship, whilst holding a certificate of grade not 1o·wer than that of First JYia.te of a foreign-going ship;

(f) where the length of the voyage beh\een terminal ports of a limited corrst-trade ship is not less than 500 miles, thTee years in a capacity not lower than that of second of three watchkeeping officers on such li~ited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign­going ship; or

·where the length of the voyage between terminal ports of a limited eoast-trade ship is not less than 500 miles, three yeaTs and nine months in a capacity not lower than that of third of three watchkeeping officers on such limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship.

( 3.) A candidate who possesses or is entitled to a certificate of service as }/[aster may be examined for a certificate of competency without producing any .evidence of sea service.

·10. Every candicl ate for a foTeign-going certificate as MasteT shall examined in the following spbjects :-(1.) Paper 1. (WTitten)-

PRAOTIOAL NAVIGATION. (3 hom;s.) A short Tecapitulation papeT in navigation on the syllabus for

Second }!ate and First Mate, which should include Chart Work.

• For the convenience o~ calculation the service required is stated in a tabular form in Appendix B.

(2.)

Ocean and the

Masters and

2. (Written)-

To observations of ships and coast received by wireless, and to construct a simple v;reather cha1·t. To understand the use of the observation of the of Hul barom.eter by single and collective observations; to make deductions as to changes of weather track of his ship.

SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND STABILITY.

ship repairs.

(b) A fuller knowledge of construction examinations. General structure-tr-ansverse and girdexs · keels; stern frame, stem and rudder post; bilge side keelsons· side ; tank transverse plating; rudder and derricks.

Classification of ships. Tonnage-measurement and :Freeboard. -

Treatment of accidents and damage-collision, Possible strains incurred action of wa-ves, improper

or ballasting, &c. Working of ship, division of loads.

up of

Stability diagrams and use of stability curves and iniorma· tion. Effect of beam and free1Joard on stability. Practical opera· tions to ensure ship stability at sea. Ship with a list. Management of ballast tanks. Effeet of free liquid surfaces and risks of :fl.ooding hold spaces, filling and emptying tanks at sea. Suspended weights and shifting cargoes. Deck cargoes. Homogeneous Ballasting. Effect of admission of water into interior of a Flooded compartments. Stability and trim of a stranded Trim-moment to change trim.

Paper 4. (Written)-ENGLISH. (2 hours.)

This paper will test the candidate's ability to write clear and grammatical English, with good spelling and penmanship. It will be in no sense a test of technical Ol' legal knowledge.

(5.) Paper 5. (Written)--

smp's BUSINESS. (2 hours.)

(The legal information required will not go beyond the outline of Mercantile Law which the shipmaster must know for purposes.)

(a) The official log and reports on exceptional entries.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

(b) A shipmaster's knowledge of the law relating to:-

(1.) Engagement, discharge and management of a ship's crew. Ship's articles of agreement. Discipline and treatment of offences. Wages and other remunera­tion. Food and accommodation. Entering and clearing the ship. National Insurance of crew.

(2.) Tonnage, lifesaving appliances, salvage and assistance and, in general, the safety of ship, crew and passengers.

(3.) Loadline marks and entries and reports to be made respecting them. Surveys required by law.

( 4.) Hygiene of ships, living spaces, holds, &c. Water. Fresh and preserved food. Infectious diseases. The law relating to them and the procedure on board in such cases. Quarantine procedure. Recognition and simple treatment of common illness, e.g., fevers, &c. [See the Ship Captain's Medical Guide. J

(5.) The carriage of emigrants. (c) A simple knowledge of the law relating to cargo, including

a knowledge of shipowners' liabilities in carriage of cargo.

(d) A general know ledge of shipping business and documents­charter parties, bills of lading, &c. A knowledge of average­general and particular. Flotsam and jetsam.

(6.) Paper 6. (Written)-

MAGNETIC COMPASS. (2 hours.)

Proofs of formulae not required.

(a) Terrestrial magnetism.-Variation. Local attraction. Hori­zontal force and its varying strength in different parts of the globe with the effect of its change upon deviation.

(b) Properties of magnets.-Meaning of the terms "Hard" and "Soft" Iron. Effect of magnets on a compass needle under varying conditions. Precautions with regard to electric lighting leads and other electric fields. Sub-permanent magnetism and its effects at sea.

(c) Compass compensation.-Methods of swinging ship to obtain a deviation table. Use of curves of deviation. Constant semi­circular and quadrantal deviation. To analyse a table of deviation, obtaining and explaining the approximate co-efficients A, B, C, D, E. General principle of compass correction and the method of correction of B, C and D.

(d) He6lling error.-The nature of the deviation caused and the effect on a ship with a list and when rolling. Method of correction.

(e) A candidate may be required, at some stage in the examina­tion, to carry out certain practical operations of correction on a compass in a binnacle, and/or to construct a deviatioiJ. table for that compass.

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

(7.) Paper 7. (Written)-

ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE (including carriage of refrigerated cargoes). ( 3 hours.)

(The requirements will not go beyond the knowledge that could be obtained by a deck officer who takes an intelligent interest in the machinery of the ship and supplements by a little reading what he has learnt in this way.)

(a) The meaning of general engineering terms, e.g. horse power, sHp and pitch of propeller, link, latent heat of steam, superheated steam, &c.

A general knovvledge of a marine boiler and furnaces, and the procedure for raising steam. The general action of a reciprocating steam engine. Principle of the condenser. Distribution of steam from boiler to engines-valves and pipelines. Admission to engine -slide valves, eccentrics, expansion link. Starting gear. Simple description (without detail) of various parts of engines and boilers -e.g. connecting rod, crank, piston and rings, packing of piston rods, relief valves and cylinder drains, line shafting, couplings, tail shaft, stern tube and packing. Auxiliaries and their uses­circulating pump, air pump, feed pump, bilge pump. Action of propeller. Thrust block. Attachment of propeller to shaft.

Oil fired furnaces and use of oil fuel. A simple knowledge of turbine machinery and of Diesel engines. Warming up and turning engin-es. Stopping and going astern-how done. A knowledge of what is required in the engine room on the receipt of manamvring orders from the bridge. Fuel consumption and economical speeds, Power and speed curves. Effect of alterations of speed on fuel c?nsum ption and estimation of adequacy of fuel to complete a g1ven voyage.

(b) An elementary knowledge of refrigeration on board ship. Types of refrig,eration on board ships. Types of refrigeration employed in special cases. Stowage and general handling of refrigerated cargoes.

(8.) Oral portion-1.-(a) Exceptional circumstances-loss of rudder; shifting a

damaged rudder. Construction of jury rudders. Making and launching of rafts. Collision. Leaks. Damage of all kinds. Running repairs and precautions in case of accidents. Grounding -methods of refloating. Beaching a vessel. Steps to be taken when disabled and in distress.

(b) Preservation of crew and passengers in the event of wreck.~ Abandoning a wrecked ship. Rockets and rocket apparatus. Com­munications with the shore.

(c) Assisting a vessel in distress. Rescuing crew of a disabled ship.

(d) Towing and being towed. (e) Bad weather manamvres. Precautions at anchor and at

sea. Use of oil.

Anchoring and working anchors and cables in all circumstances. Approaching rivers and harbours and manamvring in them.

Syllabua­Extra Master.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

guarding of cargo. (f) Drydocking. General procedure and to be

observed. Distribution of weight. Drydocking with full cargo for inspection of propellers or shafting. Bilge beds. the vessel water borne. Putting into port with damage to cargo) both from business and technical points of

(g) Prevention of fire at sea. Spontaneous combustion cargoes. Full knowledge of the use of fire and precautions to be observed in cases of danger to reference to extinguishing of oil fuel fires.

(h) Methods of fumigating holds and living spaces and safe-guards in applying them.

( i) of crew. collisions at sea, &c.

of Section 5 of

In accordance with the requirements of Section 6 of (1) of regulation 35.

ask the candidate questions it necessary on account of

shown the

Division 5.-Extra ~"ft,!Iaster.

lin examination may be held for an Extra JJiaster's Oertifica te.

Such certincv,te shall entitle the holder to go to sea as of any vessel.

li. candidate for Extra Master who wishes to be to act as Master of sailing ships may, upon the performance of the nece8sary .sea service in sailing ships, be examined for a. endorsement as Master at the time of such examiml.tion.

42. A candidate na,y ],e examined for an Extra Master's certificate when he is qualified to be examined for a Master's foreign-going certificate, or at any time subsequent to his having passed the examina­tion for that certificate.

Every candidate for an Extra Master's certificate shall-­( a) be examined in the subjects mentioned in sub-regulation

( 3.) of this regulation ; (b) possess such mathematical and scientific knowledge as will

enable him to have a thorough understanding of his technical subjects; and

(c) be examined orally in seamanship.

(2.) The oral examination shall include a viva voce examination on the matter prescribed for the written papers and the results of such viva voce examination shall be taken into account in assessing marks for written papers.

(Examination of Masters and Regulations.

( 3.) Subject to the preceding sub-regulations of this regulation, the subjects of the examination for an Extra Master's certificate shall include the following:-

(1.) Paper 1. (Written)-

MATHEMATICs. (3 hours.) (a) .ltf ensumtion and

perimetel'S and polygons, circles, segments sectors oi circles. figures and waterplanes. Volumes and surfaee pipeds, cones, cylinders, wedges and Simple dnrwing in plan and elevation

Reading of

of formulae. The solution of with one or

these. Powers and Arithmetical and

including

are

Bk. I. Bk. I. Bk. I.

Bk. I. Bk,

Areas Bk. I. Relation between squares on

sides of right-angled triangle Bk. I. 4 7. :Notions on loci.

of Circle-

5,

Bk. III. 3, 15. Properties of angles m a

circle Bk. III.

properties Bk. III. 16. 18. 19.

Practical geometry-Bisection of angles and straight lines. Construction of perpendiculars to straight nnes. Drawing of parallels to given straight line. Construction of triangles and quadrilaterals from g1ven

data. Division of straight lines into any number of equal parts. Construction of circle through three points or circumscribing

a triangle. Construction of tangents to a circle at a given point or from

an external point. Construction of common tangent to two circles.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

Construction of circle touching the three sides of a giVen triangle.

Construction of circles from sufficient data. Construction of segment of circle containing a given angle.

Elementary ideas on solid geometry, e.g., angle between planes, angle between line and plane, geometry of the sphere.

(d) Trigonometry. (i) Plane-

Measurement of angles, circular measure and its applications. Solution of plane triangles.

Graphs of trigonometrical functions. Formulae for trigonometrical ratios of sum and

difference of two angles. Trigonometrieal functions of A/2 given those of

A. Haversines. Transformation of formulae for logarithmic cal­

culation. For small angles, sin x = x sin 1". Construction

of tables. (ii) Spherical-

General ideas on the sphere and spherical triangles. The fundamental formulae for the solution of a

spherical triangle. i.e. cos a = cos b cos c + sin b sin c cos A and

sin a sin b sin c. si~ A= sin B = sin C

Conversion for logarithmic computation by the use of the haver­sines, i.e., hav a = hav (b ,....., c) + sin b sin c hav A, and hav

A= cosec b cosec c y hav (a - b ,...._, c) hav (a + b ,_, c). Solu­tion of right angled spherical triangles and quadrantal triangles.

(2.) Paper 2-GENERAL SCIENCE. (3 hours.)

(a) Mechanics-(i) Velocity; acceleration; uniform motion in a straight

line. Composition and resolution of velocities and accelerations. Relative velocity. Currents and apparent wind. The laws of motion. Mass. Force. Weight. Inertia. Momentum. Relation betwe.en force, time and momentum; relation between force, mass and acceleration. Conserva­tion of momentum. Motion under gravitational forces. Work. Energy-Kinetic and potential. Conservation of. energy. Rate of doing work Horse power. Use of fly wheels. Uniform circular motion. Angular velocity. Simple harmonic motion. Pendulums. Connecting rods and cranks.

(ii) Force and its graphical representation. Composition and resolution of forces. Parallel forces. Equili­brium of a rigid body in two dimell8ions.

Centre of gravity.

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

Theorem of moments. Couples. Bending moments and shearing forces. Work done by a force. Graphical representation. Transmission of work. Friction and its laws. Simple machines­Levers, inclined plane, wheel and- axle, capstan. Pulleys-simple and differentiaL

(b) Hydrostatics.-Pressure of fluids, Principle of Archimedes. Density and Specific Gravity. Hydrometers. Displacement of a a ship. Laws of equilibrium of floating bodies. Buoyancy. Centre of buoyancy. Centres of pressure. Hydraulic machines-presses and pumps.

Gases-Boyle's Law. Atmospheric pressure. Barometer. Sounding tubes. Pressure gauges and manometers.

(c) Heat.-Temperature and its measurement. Expansion of solids, liquids and gases. Applications. Maximum density of water. Specific heat. Change of state-fusion and solidification. Latent heat. V apori.sation and condensation. Hygrometry. Con­duction, convection and radiation of heat.

(d) Light.-Shadows and eclipses. Reflection-plane mirrors. Refraction. Prisms and lenses. Telescopes. Sextant and errors. Other optical instruments used at sea.

(e) Smmds.-Production and propagation of sound. Trans­mission and velocity. Reflection and refraction of sound. Effects of temperature and wind on transmission of sound waves.

(3.) Paper 3-

NAVIGATION. (3 hours.)

A comprehensive knowledge of modern navigational methods, and facility in their use, together with:~

Determination of error of chronometer by the use of an artificial or natural horizon. Proofs of methods and formulae in use in modern navigational practice. Comparison of different methods of determining observer's position. Equivalent of position lines determined by any r€cognised method. True position from several observations. The "cocked hat" and ,the limited area, most probable position. True position when errors occur in estimated position. Altitudes or time. Selection of heavenly bodies for observations. Selection of objects for fixes. Good and bad fixes. Various methods of fixing ship. Accuracy and limitations. Most favourable conditions. Theory of ,sextant and vernier. Errors of collimation and parallelism. Description and use of all apparatus to safeguard navigation in the open sea and coastwise, e.g., sound­ing machines, including sonic sounding gear, wireless navigational instruments and methods, &c. Theory of tides. Tidal tables and their use, including the harmonic method of prediction. Tidal streams. Abnormal tides. The behaviour of a freely mounted gyroscope and effect of suspension. Precession. The earth's rota­tion and its influence on a gyroscope. Principles of the gyro <:ompass. Damping. Course and speed errors. Ballistic deflection.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

(4.) 4-OIIART WORK.

A and information chaTt. by observations

and a combination of on celestial and terrestrial The principles of navig2tion in pilotage waters and avoid-

of both in clear weather and fog. The laying off of circle tracks on Gnomonic and Mercator's

Circle tables.

6-

O:ELU:T CONSTRlJOTION AND MARINE SuRVEYING.

The be asked to construct and use such construction of Gnomonic chart

ease of Polar charts. Candidates to construct such a chart.

hydrographic surveying. ChaTting on an existing useful for navigation. Scale making and the laying

off of angles. J:lethods of position. Method of running lines of soundings.

) 6-

MAGNETISM LND MAGNETIC COMPASS.

Electric cu:eren ts and their production. cells. Electro-motive force_ resistance and current. Ohm's Polarisation. Magnetic fields and lines of fo1·ce. Induced mBgnetism. Hard and soft iron. The magnetic field of conductors. Canying current. Solenoids and electro-magnets. Terrestrial magnetism. Horizontal force, vertical force, and dip. The effect of magnetic :fields of all descriptions on the compass needle. Elementary principles of dynamos and motors. Application to winches. Electric lighting and arc lights.

A fuller knowledge of the syllabus in Compass Correction for with, in addition, the correction of coefficient E. The

components of the permanent magnetism of the ship, P, Q, and R; the soft iron rods, a, c, e & k. The relation sevel'ally of these components and rods to the vaTious coefficients and to heeling error.

Swinging ship. Constnwtion of deviation tables by bearings of a distant object, reciprocal bearings and azimuths of a heavenly body. Practical analysis of a deviation table and practical compass correction.

(7.) Paper 7-

CONSTRUCTION, WORKING AND UPKEEP OF SHIPS. (3 hours.) Classification of ships. Registution societies. Displacements.

Weight of hulL Capacity. DTaught. Freeboard. Block coefficient. Gross deadweight and nett tonnage. The interpretation of plans. Principal structmal members. Longitudinal and transverse fram­ing. Scantlings. Reverse frames. Beams. Cellular double bottoms, &c. Watertight sub-division, water ballast arrangements. Elements of structure, e.g. keels, decks, bulkheads, shell plating,

(Examination Masters and Regulations.

rivets and riveting, hatches, &c. Types of ship. Tonnage rules, &c. Consideration of construction-weight, fittings. Shipyard practice. Laying o:ff. Mould loft. Scrieve board, launching, &c. Material of construction and their properties. Steel and iron. Notions of strains and stresses in metals-tension, torsion, com­pression, bending and shearing. Stresses and strain in ships.

Stability. The theory and calculations involved in a determina­tion of the stability of a vessel in light and loaded condition. Experimental determination of stability of a ship. Use of stability curves and information. Dynamic stability-rolling, &e. Ballasting, loading. Effect of admission of water into interior of a ship. Trim.

(8.) Paper 8-coMMERCIAL AND LEGAL KNOWLEDGE. (2

(a) A shipmaster'& knowledge of the Merchant Shipping Act1.1 relating to Registry, Masters and Seamen, safety of ships, delivery of goods, liability of shipowners, wreck and salvage, pilotage and emigrants.

(b) A shipmaster's knowledge of the general management ship's business, documents and procedure with Customs, obligations and 1iabiliti es of owner and master, with respect to passengers, cargo and ship. Charter parties and expenses involved (various kinds). Demurrage, claims, &c.

(c) Port machinery-use of quays. Sheds, warehouses, docks and waterside termini. Administration and working of Cranes and their use-steam, hydraulic, floating, movable. apparatus. !iineral and grain elevators. Graving docks. Floating docks.

(9.) Paper 9-

00EANOGRAPHY AN"\) ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, hours.) A fuller knowledge of meteorology and meteorological instrR-

ments than that required for Master. currents, ice limits, for the g1obe. General characters of the seas-deeps, surface

temperatures, surface densities. Oceanic circulation. Floating ice. Principal world products and sources of supply :-Mineral, e.g.

coal, ores, stones, oils and their products. Vegetable, e.g. cereals, fruit, textile plants, forests for wood, gums and rubber. Coffee, tea, sugar, spices, &c. Animal-food, chilled and frozen meats and :fish. Comparative knowledge of imports and exports, tonnage, move­ments of ships, port activities. Main routes of communication. Freight variations and their causes.

(10.) Oml-

The candidate will be examined in the seamanship syllabus laid down for a Master's foreign-going certificate, and he will be expected to reach a higher standard in his answers than a candidate for a Master's certificate.

The candidate will also be examined orally on the syllabuses for his written work, and questions will be so designed as to allow the candidate, where desirable, to amplify his written work.

36.-!l

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

Division 6.-Sailing Ship Endorsements.

44.-(1.) A candidate for a sailing ship endorsement of any who has not previously held an endorsement of a lower grade or an Ordinary or Fore-and-aft certificate of a lower grade issued prior to January, 1931, shall prove that he has had 12 months' service in the foreign-going trade or 18 months in the home trade, or limited coast trade, in a sailing vessel.

(2.) Service in vessels with auxiliary steam or motor power, which use their propelling machinery only in calms or during light winds, shall be deemed to be service performed in sailing vessels.

(3.) Subject to the last two preceding sub-regulations, a candidate may be examined for a sailing ship endorsement for any grade, either for square rig or fore-and-aft rig, at the same time as he is examined for a certificate of competency of the same or of a higher grade.

(4.) If a candidate desires to be examined for a sailing endorsement only, he shall possess a certificate of competency of at least the same grade as the endorsement which he requires.

(5.) Where a candidate for a sailing ship endorsement fails in his examination and the examiner considers further sea service neces­sary, such sea service shall be served in the class of vessel for which the endorsement is required.

45. Every candidate for a Second Mate's sailing ship endorsement shall understand and give satisfaetory answers on the following sub­jects:-

(a) The standing and running rigging of ships; (b) Bending, unbending, setting, reefing, taking in, and furling

sail; (c) Sending masts and yards up and down, &c. (d) Management of a ship when under canvas; (e) The Rule of the Road as regards sailing vessels, their

regulation lights and fog and sound signals; and (f) Any questions appertaining to the duties of a Second Mate

of a sailing ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

46. In addition to the qualifications required for a Second Mate's sailing ship endorsement, every candidate for a First Mate's ship endorsement shall show a knowledge of the following subjects:-

(a) Shifting large spars, rigging sheers, taking lower masts in and out;

(b) How to moor and unmoor ship; to keep a clear anchor; and to carry out an anchor;

(c) How to manage a ship in stormy weather, and to cast a ship on a lee shore;

(d) How to secure the masts in the event of accident to the bowsprit;

(e) How to rig purchases for getting heavy weights, anchoTs, machinery, &c., in or out;

(f) How to get a cast of the deep sea lead in heavy weather; (g) Accidents, and how to deal with them; and (h) Any other questions appertaining to the duties of an Only

or First Mate of a sailing ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

(Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

47. In addition to the qualifications required for the sailing ship ""'mll!! endorsement for Second and First every candidate for a Master's end.orsem,mt.

ship endorsement shall show a knowledge of the following

(a) M:magement of ship in heavy weather; (b) Rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel;

Steps to be taken when a ship is on her beam ends, or in any danger or or disabled or unmanageable and on a lee shore;

(d) Heaving a keel out; and (e) Any other question appertaining to the management of a

sailing ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

PART IV.-QUALIFICATIO~Ts AND Ex~AMINATIONs FOR LIMITED CoAsT-TRADE CERTIFICATES.

Di·vision 1,-Prel-iminary.

43.-(1.) The requirements as to the total period of sea service Total•ea

prescribed for any certificate in this Part shall be regarded as satisfied rf,;;l~a ooa•~· IVhen the whole of the service has l:.cen performed at sea in either tract<;, f · ' }' · d • d b' · 4' .,_ oarl!ucate•. ore1gn~gomg or nmte coast~cra e s 1ps 1n one or more o_._ tae capacities specified in regulation 114 of these Regulations.

(2.) Where the whole or any part of the total period of sea service prescribed for any Limited Coast~trade Certificate has been served in ships or capacities other than those referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation, such service shall be regarded as equivalent to a part only of a similar period served in limited coast-trade ships, and its pro­portionate value, with respect to qualifying time, shall be determined in accordance with the regulations contained in Part VII. of these Regulations.

Division 2.-0rdin.ary Uertificates-Limited Coast-trade.

ORDINARY CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADE A), LIMITED COAST~TRADE.

49. lin Ordinary Certificate (Sub-grade A), limited coast-trade, Va!ueoi

shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the g;~\~':,'!te!!, certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any ship employed within the limits £l~b?.ade A),

of the particular section of the limited coast~trade specified in the · · · certificate. ORDINARY CERTIFICATE, SECOND ],fATE, SUB-GRADE A, LIMITED 00/IST-TRADE.

50. J:i candidate for an 01·dinary Certificate as Second Mate, sub- Quallllo~tlo,.­grade A, of a limited coast~trade ship, shall be not less than nineteen gral1~erz.., years of age, and have served three years at sea, of which time he s:~onJ ».'r,;te, h ll ' J 1 1 1 h · · ' "l' (Sub-grM.a A) s a nave serveo. not ess tnan twe ve mont s 1n square~nggea sa1 mg L.C.T. '

vessels. 51.--(1.) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Eltamlnat!on

0 d. C '£ S d 1\rr b - A f 1' . d !nNavlgo.t!on.-r mary ert1 1cate as econ 1-ate, su -grade , o a 1m1te coast- 0 dlnM

d h. . . d r 'I tra e s 1p, may be requll'e - Cortlllcate

( ) h · f · f h E · h h · bl Second li:l.llte, a to s ow, to the sat1s actwn o t e xannner, t at e IS a e (Sub-grad@ A),

to read and write English and to spell correctly; L.C.T.

NA VIGATWN (SEA)-

to work SUlll1l in addition, division, involving the use of the avoirdupois and time;

to :find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer Sind the distance 011 each course from one to another· to :find the position,

any), on a chart or plan ; to :find the ship's

the same the coul'se and between taking the allowance for a of the from the object or any given time of the second bearing;

(d) to find the time of high water at a given the aid of the or local tide tables, method of :finding approximately the time of given place without the aid of the tide tables.

(2.) The candidate shall be examined orally in-( a) the International Code of Signals and the Allied

Manual. He shall attain a minimum speed of eight words a minute in semaphore and six words a minute in Morse

(see (b) the markings, signs and abbreviations on Admixalty charts

or plans.

52.-(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast­trade ship, shall show a knowledge of-

the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their tion lights and fog and sound signals;

(b) the signals to exhibit when in distress or wanting a pilot; (c) any special port signals in use locally ; (d) stowing and discharging cargo; (e) the rigging of all classes of vessels, and bending, making

and taking in sail ; (f) the mooring and unmooring of vessels at a wharf, and the

precautions tben to be observed with regard to outlying gear, steering gear connexions and propellors;

(g) the marking and use of lead and log lines and the use and upkeep of mechanical. sounding machines and logs;

(h) management of ships' boats; ( i) the use of the ~rocket apparatus, and position of the local

rocket stations; (j) the use and action of bulkhead sluices, ballast tanks and deck

appliances.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Second Mate of a limited coast trade ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Masters and

ORDINARY CERTIFICATE, FIRST MATE, SUB-GRADE A, LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

53. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Sub- Qumllft0at1o,__

of a limited coast-trad.e ship shall be not less than twenty years age, and have served four years at sea, of which- verm

1'"'

00'

(a) one year shaH have been in square-rigged sailing vessels; and A),

(b) one year shall have been in a capacity not lower than that of Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst '-'V"'-'"~t">

(b) (c)

(e)

a certificate not lower than that of Second grade limited coast-trade.

as First may be required-

to work a d&y's work complete, correcting the courses for t"'!lb~I!I'<~ate leeway, deviation and variation;

to flnd the latitude by the meridian altitude of the sun; to :find the true amplitude of the sun, and the error of the

c?mpass therefrom; also the the variation g1ven;

to :find the true azimuth of the BUn by the Time Azimuth tables; the error of the compass, also the the variation being given;

to :find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer and the distance on each course from one given position to another; to :find the ship's position, together with the set and drift (if any), oil the chart or plan from cross­bearings o:f two objects; to flnd the ship's position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distame run between taking the .bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also, the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing; to fl:nd on a chart or

the course to steer by compass in order to counteTact effect of a g-iven tide or current. and the distance the

ship will make~ good towards a gi~en point in a time; to :fix a ship's position on a chart or plan by horizontal sextant angles, using a station pointer; and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to compare with the depth marked on the chart; and give a method of :finding approximately the time of high water at any given without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables; and to use danger angles and dearing and wireless bearings.

(2.) The mbjects :-

candidate shall be examined orally m the :following

(a) The International Code of Signals and the Allied Signal Manual. He~rnust attain a minimum speed of eight words a minute in semaphore and six words a minute in Morse :flashing (see Appendix D).

(b) The use and adjustments of the sextant, reading on and off the arc, and the mode of :finding the index error by the horizon;

Examlnst!on In Bea.manshlp-­Ortlin&ry OeTtiflcate, Fi.r"dt '~,fate~ (8u b"!{' ~de A)~ t.C.T.

Qtla!llicatlo!l.S­Ordinary Certlt!cat.e, Master, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

NA YIGATION (SEA)-

(c) The use and care of barometers, thermometers, hydrometers and chronometers;

(d) The markings, signs and abbreviations on Admiralty eha1·cs or plans;

(e) Keeping a ship's log-book; and (f) The principal local lights and the currents along the coast

within the limits for which he desires a certificate.

55.-(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an 01·dinnry Certificate as First Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of-

( a) the seamamhi p included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second 11ate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) the working of a ship's windlass, anchors and cables; how to mark and take cables on boaTd, mooring·and unmooring at an anchorage; tending ship at anchor;

(c) the management of boats in a surf, and laying out anchors by boats;

(d) taking a ca2t of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather; (e) the rigging of purchases and sheers for heavy lifts; (f) the rigging and use of a sea anchor; (g) the duties of a mate as officer of the watch, and when

staying or wearing ship; (h) the effect of the propeller on the steering of a steam-ship

when going ahead or asteru ; and ( ~:) the best method of turning a steam-ship short round under

various conditions of ·wind, weather and current. (2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other

questions appertaining to the duties of First 11ate of a limited coast­trade ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

ORDINARY CERTIFICATE, MASTER, SUB-GRADE A, LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

56. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty-three years of age, and have served five years at sea, of which-

( a) one year must have been in a square-rigged sailing vcsse1; and

(b) (i) one year in a capacity not lower than that of First Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate xwt lower than that of First 11ate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade; or

(ii) one year in a capacity not lower than Second 11ate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of First Mate, Sub-grade A; limited coast-trade; and in addition, one and a half years in a capacity not lower than Third 1Hate of a limited coast­trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than Second 11ate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

) In the examination in navigation, a candidate for an Examination In Certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade 1-Ta:vigatlon-

b · d Ordinary may e requue - certlftcate,

to do any of the work prescribed in I'egulation 54; ~~~t_e::at!e A),

(b) to find the current in the day's work, when the position by L.C.T.

observation is given; (c) to compute the true comse and distance from one given

position to another by Mercator's method, and also to determine the compass course, the deviation and variation being given ;

(d) to find the true bearing of any heavenly body by means of Azimuth or Amplitude Tables; and from a compass bearing, to determine compass error;

(e) to find the magnetic bearing of a distant object by swinging on equidistant compass points; to compute a deviation table;

to :find latitude by meridian altitude of sun, or star; to fina longitude by chronometer from altitude of sun or

star; (h) to give written answers to practical questions on the

deviation of the compass; and to give a written explanation of any given terms commonly

used in navigation or nautical astronomy.

(2.) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:-

( a) the law as to the engagement, discharge and management of the crew, and the entries to be made in the official book;

(b) bills of lading, charter parties, invoices, surveys; and (c) elementary questions on stability.

58.-(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Examlnatl.onln

0 ' 0 ':fi lLf S b d A f' 1' · d d Seamanshlp--rdmary ertl cate as J.v_,_asteT, u -gra e , o a 1m1te coast-tra e Ordinary

ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of- Certlllcate, . h . f O . Master,

(a) the seamanship included m t e exammation or an rdmary (Sub;;,grade A),

Oerti:ficate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast- L.C,L.

trade ship; (b) taking lower masts in and out; (c) the management of a square-rigged vessel under sail at sea

or in narrow waters; (d) the measures to be taken when a ship is in danger through

heavy weather, disablement, fire, collision, or grounding; (e) the construction of rafts, jury rudders and jury masts; (f) resources for the preservation of the ship's crew in the event

of wreck; (g) the best method of towing vessels disabled in any particular

manner ; and (h) rescuing the crew of a dis a bled vessel.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other question appertaining to the duties of Master in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner tnlnks necessary to ask.

Value of Ordinary Certificates (Sub-gTade B), L.C.'l!'.

Qna!ificat!ons­Ordinary Certificaw, Mate (Sub-grade B), L.C.T.

Examination In Navigation.

Examination in Searnanship--­Ordinsxy Certificate, Mate, (Sub-gTade B), L.C.'l!'.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

ORDINARY CERl'IFICATES (SUB-GP,ADE B), LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

59. An Ordinary Certificate (Sub-grade B), limited coast-trade shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the cl:l!pacity stated in the certificate, in a ship under 300 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate, or in a loweT capacity in a ship of any tonnage employed within those limits.

ORDINARY CERTIFICATE, MATE, SUB-GRADE B, LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

00. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Mate, Sub-grade of a limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which time he shall have served not less than twelve months in square-rigged sailing vessels.

61. The examination in Navigation for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 51 for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade of a limited coast­trade ship.

f:Y2.-(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Mate, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of-

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) the windlass and tending ship at anchor; (c) the laying out of anchors boats; (d) taking a cast of the deep-sea lead; (e) the mate's duties as officer of the watch and when staying or

wearing ship; (f) keeping the ship's log-book; a11d (g) the principal characteristics of the local lights.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate, Sub-grade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

ORDINARY CERTIFICATE, MASTER, SUB-GRADE B, LIMITED COAS'f-TEADE.

Qua!ific•.tions- 63. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, Orainaryil of a limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty-two years of Certifica;te> Master, age, and have served five years at sea, of which-(Sub-gradeB), ( ) h l h b . . - . t.c.T. a one year s a l. ave een m a square-ngged sailmg vessel;

Examination in Na.vigat.ion,

and (b) one year in a capacity not lower than that of Third Mate of

a limited coast-hade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.

64. The examination in Navigation for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 54 for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast­trade ship.

Regulations.

the examination in Seamanship a candidate for an Examination!"

M " b d " ' 1. . d , d Seamanshlll-as aster, i::iu -gra e or a 1m1te coast-tra e Ordinary

show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of- certificate, Master

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary (Sub-grade B), ' c ·" F. c-t b d A f r· · d L c T ert1ncate as 'ust i::iu -gra e , o a 1m1te coast- · · ·

trade ship; (b) taking lower masts in and out; (c) the management of a square-rigged vessel under sail at sea

or in narrow waters; the construction of rafts, jury rudders and jury masts;

(e) resources for .preservation of the ship's crew in the event of wreck;

(f) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel; (g) the law as to the engagement, discharge and management of

the crew and the entries to be made in the official log book;

(h) bills of lading, charter parties, surveys; and ( i) winds and currents along the coast within the limits for

which he desires a certificate. (2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other

questions appertaining to the duties of a Master in the limited coast­trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Division 3.-Fore-and-aft Certificates-Limited Coast-trade. FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATi~S (SUB-GRADES A AND B), LIMITED

COAST-TRADE.

66.-(1.) A fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade A), limited coast- Value ol Fore­

trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated ~~~ti~Jates in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any fore-and-aft rigged (Sub-grades A,

vessel employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited and B), L.C.T.

coast-trade specified in the cei·tificate. (2.) A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade B), limited coast-trade,

shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel under 300 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast­trade specified in the certificate> or in a lower capacity, in a fore-and-aft rigged V<3Ssel of any tonnage employed within those limits.

67. The qualifications as to age and sea service of a candidate for Qualitlcatlons­

a Fore-and-Aft Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub- For.e_-and-aft ' h ll b h ., d · h - l . f Certificates graae s a e t e same as are prescnoe 1n t ese J{egu atwns or (Sub-grades A

candidates for the corresponding grades and sub-grades (if any) of and B), J".c:T.

Ordinary Certificates, limited coast-trade, excepting only that the service required to have been performed in sailing vessels may have been performed in fore-and-aft-rigged sailing vessels.

68. The examination of a candidate for a Fore-and-aft Certificate, Examination.

limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as is prescribed in these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding grade and sub-grade (if any) of Ordinary Certificates, limited coast-trade, exeepting only that as regards seamanship a knowledge of the management of square-rigged vess<lls shall not be required.

Value of Fore­and-aft Certificates (Sub-grade C), L.C.T.

Quallflcatlons­Fore-and-aft Certlfl.ca.te Mate, (8u,b-J!rBde C), L.C.'l.

ExoJ:IJI.In!1tlon In Nsvlgation.

Examination In Seamanshlp-

li'ore-and-aft. Certiftcatep l\!p.te, (Sub-qrade C). L.C.T.

NAVIGATION

FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADE C), LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

69. A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade C), limited shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel under 100 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast­trade specified in the certificate, or in any lower capacity determined in the manner prescribed in the Second Schedule. FORE-AND-AFT CEiniF!C.'I.TE, MATE (SUB-GRADE LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

70. A candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-gTade of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be not less nineteen years of age, and have served three years at sea, of which one year shall have been in sailing vessels.

n. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be required-

( a) to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write English and to spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, involving the use of the tables of money, and avoirdupois;

(c) to know at least one method of :finding the distance from a point by bearings and distance run;

to know the lights, tides, d<mgers and storm sig-nals the coast within the limits for which he desires a :ficate; and

to possess a fair working knowledge of the Intemational Code of Siiz:nals.

In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a cer­tificate as Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast­trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of-

( a) the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regula-tion lights and fog and sound signals;

(b) the signals to exhibit when in distress or wanting a pilot; (c) any special port signals in use locally; (d) stowing and discharging cargo; (e) the rigging of fore-and-aft-rigged vessels, and the bending,

making and taking in of fore-and-aft sails; (f) the mooring and urrmooring of a vessel at a wharf or m a

roadstead; (g) the marking and use of the lead and log lines;

the use of the rpcket apparatus and position of the local rocket stations; and

( i) use and action of bulkhead sluices, ballast tanks and deck appliances.

The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other ques­tions appertaining to the duties of Mate of a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Navigation (Examinati.on of lv!asterr; and ·Mates) Regulations.

FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATE, MASTER, SUB-GHADE O, LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

73. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade of a fore- Qualiflcations-

and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty-one t~~1";:~.~;:it years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which- ::Uast,r,

(Sub-g?ade C); (a) one year shall have been in sailing vessels; and L.C.T.

(b) one year in a capacity for which a certificate not lower than that of

sub-grade 0; or sub-grade D,

coc.~st-t-rade ship is required.

74. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate Examination ln

as Master, Sub-grade of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade Nav•gat.ion.

ship shall be required-( a) to do all of the work prescribed in regulation 51, and (b) to find the latitude by me1·idian altitude of the sun.

In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a In

certificate as Sub-grade 0, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited ., ,_. H

coast-trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a know- c~;iiil'~~{;:'--1

.., {' Master, edge OI- (Sub-grsda O).

(a) the seamanshin included in the examination for a certificate L.C.T.

as Mate, S~b-grade of a fore--and-aft-rigged. limited coast-trade ship;

(b) action to be taken in case of accident to the vessel;

(c) rigging a sea anchor ;

(d) the nanagement of a v::ssel under fore-and-aft canvas, and also of steam-ship in weather; and

(e) the law as to the engagement and discharge of the crew and the entl·ies to 'be made in the official log.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other ques­tions appertaining to the dutie.s of Master of a vessel in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADE D), LUHTED COAST­TRADE.

7tl A Fore-and-Aft Certificate (Sub-grade limited soast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve as Mastel' of a fore-and-aft """'"~c"'" rigged vessel under 50 tons net register within a radiua of D),

50 nautical miles from the port specified in the certificate, or as Mate of a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel under 100 tons net register trading within tlw limits o£ the particular section of the limited coast-trade determined fox that no:rt by the Governor-GeneraL

J:cO:EE-AXD-AFT CERTIFICATE, MASTEE, SUB-GRADE D, LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

77. A candidate for a certificate as ]!faster, Sub-grade of a fore- Qualifications-~ and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship .shall be not less twenty Fo_:;-;nd~ait

f 1 h ' f f ' . h 1 11 Ce"l.,ca L' o age, anc ave servea our years at sea, o Wille 1 one yeal' s11a MastN

been in sailing vessels. t~.31:t':ade D),

NAVIGATION

candidate for a ·certificate limited CO!L':lHrade

the work understand the use

o:f the and

the distance from to find the time of

local tide tables. of the

l!J;~~~:~;~:'m for a candidate for a certificate lol< of a fore-and-a.ft limited coast-trade

a knowledge of the regulation 72 of these R.egulations for a certificate as C, of a fore-·and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship, with

to the duties of Master of a vessel m the limited Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Division 4.-Steamship Gertificates-Irimited Coast-trade.

A Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade 1md shall have the same value with respect to the capacities in

the holder may serve and to distance and tonnage limits as is prescribed by these Regulations for the corr.esponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ships, but shall be valid for steam-ships only.

Quallficatlooo- 81. The qualifications as to age and sea service of a candidate for a Steam-ship Certifl.cate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-

co,.t. grade shall be the same as aTe prescribed by these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ships, excepting only that the whole of the service may have been performed in steam-ships.

ExamlMtlon- 82. The examination of a candidate for a Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as is

in these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ships, excepting only that as regards seamanship a knowledge of the :management of a sailing vessel shaH not be requirwl.

PART V.-QuALIFICATIONS AND ExAMINATIONS FOR RrvER AND BAY

CERTIFICATES.

Division ToteJ sea _ 83. The whole of the service for any certificate :~~"'R~v~;q~~;aa for river and ships mav have in vessels Bay Certlillcatea. in the river and t;ade, b~lt in the case of candidates for a ""'<"'"'''"'~

as Master of ,a river and bay ship, at least one year of the total service shall have been performed in the particular river and bay trade for which the certificate is desired.

A Fore-and-aft Certificate shall entitle the lawful holder

or in a lower within the limits

l'dl asters and

IJV'""~·~'-' in the certificate.

and Trade.

A AND B), RIVER AND

::J'ORE-AND-A:!J'T CERTIFICATE, 1\!ATE, SUB-GRADE A, RIVER AND RAY TRADE.

A candidate for a certificate as of a fo:r0-and Quallftcat!om~ river and shall be not ·uLF\.lH,ccu years of f;;:,~;fi",;~~;~:tt

have se~·ved three years at sea or in the river of time not less than one year shall have been in

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

( i)

a c<mdidate for a certificate as river and shall be

to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able and write simple English and to spell

to work sums in and division;

to know at least one method of finding the distance from a point by hearings and distance run;

to know the port signals and the lights, and dangers of the locality;

to have a thorough knowledge of the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights, and fog and sound signals;

to show a knowledge of the windlass and of the precautions to be observed when coming to anchor;

to know how to set and take in fore-and-aft sails;

to show a knowledge of the use and action of the bulk-head sluices and of deck appliances in sailing and in steam vessels ; and

to give satisfactory answers to any other questions appertain-ing to the duties of Mate in the river and trade which the Examiner thinks necessm·y to ask.

FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATE, MASTER, SUB-GRADE A, RIVER AND BAY TRADE.

8'l. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade of a fore- Qualifications-

and-aft-rigged rivel' and ship shall be not less than twenty years of For~·and·aft d h , c · h · d b t d f CertJflcate age, an ave served !our years at sea or 1n t e nver an ay ra e, o Master '

h. h t" (Sub-g;-sde A), W lC Ime- l'iver and t:ay fi

trade. (a) one year shall have been in sailing vessels; and

(b) one year in a capacity not lower than Master, Sub-grade B, or 1111:at<e, Sub-grade in the river and bay trade.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

Examination. 83. In examination, a candidate for a certiiicate

Qualifications­ForeMa.nd~aft Certificate. MaBte! · (Sub .. ;:p.·ade. B) river ~TH] bay trade.

Examination.

Value of Steamship Certifh::ates, rivex and bay trade.

grade of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and ship shall

(a) to work sums in compound addition, tion, and division, involving the usc of the and avoirdupois;

(b) to understand the use of Mercator's chart; to lay down the position of the ship on a "magnetic" chart, having the bearing and distance of an object, or from cross hearings of two objects; to :find the compass course :md the distance from one given to anothel';

(c) to ·Bml the time of high water at a by aid of the local tide tables;

(d) to know the lights, tides, rmd dangers of the any special port signals in use;

and

(e) to sho•N a knowledge of the management of a foro-and-aft rigged sailing vessel when ·under sail;

(f) to knov> how to act in case of accidents to the vessel ; and (g) to answer any other questions appertaining to the duties of

Master of a river and ship which the Examiner thinks neccssaTy to ask.

FORE-.. >l.ND-.Idi"T CERTIFICATE, MASTER, SUB-GRADE B, l'OTVER AND BAY TRAD:fi~.

89. A :Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade shall entitle ti1e lawful holdsr to serve as rigged undEJ' 50 tons net Teglster, of the particular section of the river and bay certifieate, or as l;Iate of a fore-and-aft-rigged

within those limits.

Tiver and of a fore-and-aft v~ri thiu tJ:1 e lirrtiL.s

trade specified in the vessel of arw

90. A candidate for a eerti:ficate as of a fore-and-a£ t-riggcd river and bay ship shall of a11d haYe seTYorl four yenrs at sea z-rt' in the river and of time not less than o~le year shall have been in sailing 7essels.

91. rrhe e::~::rr:nination of fl candidate for a certificate H.S J1:fastt::TJ Sub-grade of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and shall be the same as that prescribed reg11lation 813 for a a cm:-tHicate as Mate, Sub-grade a fore-and-aft-rigged Tivcr and bav with such additional relating to the duties of a master m !T<,-e.r

and trade as the :Examiner thinks necessary to ask

Div£sion 3.-Steamship Certificates-River and 2'rade.

~:JTEA}J:SHIP CERTil?IC.:i'TES { SLTB-GRADJDS r_\ .A1~D B), I·\T\7ER .._4.:?:TD BAY TRADE.

92. A CeTtificate as 11aster or Mate (Sub-grades A and and bs_y trade, shall have the same value 1.vith respect to the in which thu lawful bolder mav sel've and to distance and

tonnage Emits as is prescribed. by these Regulations for the correspond­ing certiilcate for fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship.s, but sb111l be: nllid for eteamships only.

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regttlations. 213

93. The qualifications as to age and service of a candidate for a Qualli!catlo,_

Steamship Certificate (Sub-grades A and B), river and shall ~:;~i[i;~~l!w be the same as are prescribed by these Regulations for a candidate for (ICiulJ::_gn•aem

the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged river and ships, excepting only that the whole of the service may have been performed in steamships.

94. The examination of a candidate for a certificate as Master or Enmln&tlon.

1\Iate (Sub-grades li. and B) of a river and steamship shall be the same as is prescribed in these Regulations a candidate for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ships, excepting only that with regard to seamanship, a knowledge of the management of a sailing vessel shall not be required.

STEAMSHIP CERTIE'ICATES (SUB-GRADE C), RIVER AND BAY TRADE (RIVER MURRAY).

95. A Steamship Certificate (Sub-grade C), river and bay trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the~""'"'~'"" certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any steamship plying solely on the 1"wv·g•au"

ILiver Murray or its tributaries: Provided that a Certificate as Master endorsed with a tonnage limit shall not entitle the holder to serve as Master in vessels exceeding the tonnage so endorsed.

STEAMSHIP CERTIFICATE.-MATE, SUB-GRADE C, RIVER AND BAY TR.ADE.

96. A candidate :for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade of a river Qaailfic~t!oiDJJo~ and bay steam-ship shall be not less than eighteen years of age, and ~~~~ffi~~i~ have served two years at sea or in the river and bay trade. l>Iato '

" · (Snb-grado C)~

97. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as river and bay

Sub-grade trade,

of a river and bay shall be required-to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able

to read and vnite simple English and spell correctly; (b) to work sumS' in simple addition, subtraction, multiplication,

and divison; (c) to know the Rule of the Road and the regulation light.s,

and sound signals for vessels plying on the River Murray or its tributaries; and

(d) to answer any questions appertaining to the duties of Mate of a river steamship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask

bTEAJ\:fSJIIP CEH/riFICATE.-J\~ASTER_.. SUB~GR.ADE C_.. RIVER AND :BAY 'TRA:;'_)E.

Examin.a,tiouQ

98.-(1.) A candidate for a certificate as JYiaster, Sub-grade of a Qnalin""'.tlone-

river and bay steamship shall be not less than nineteen years of age, and g;;~1fi~~~~· have served three years at sea or in the river and bay of which M(8.asbt~r, d C) · h hllh d · ' b •llgrao, tm:te e s a ave serve one year as mate or two years as arge master river sud bay

0Il the River Murray. trade.

(2.) In the case of a candidate who has served for one year as Mate while not holding the requisite certificate, the certificate issued shall be endorsed as for steamships under 50 tons net registered tonnage only.

(3.) On production of proof that the applicant has served one year as Master of a vessel under 50 tons net registered tonnage, or one year as Mate of a vessel over 100 tons net registered tonnage, whilst holding

Examination­Steamship Certificate, Masterr (Sub-grado 0), river and bay trade.

Yacht Certificate•.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

the endoTsed certificate, he may, without further examination, be granted, in exchange for such certificate, a Sub-grade C certificate as M:aster without restriction as to tonnage.

99. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-

grade of a r-iver and bay steamship shall be required-( a) to work sums in compound addition, subtraction, multipli­

cation and division, involving the use of tables of money and avoirdupois;

(b) to answer questions on local knowledge of the River and its tributaries;

(c) to know what action to take in case of accident; and (d) to answer any other questions appertaining to the duties of

Master of a river steamship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

PART VI.-QuALIFIOATIONS AND EXAMINATIONB FOR YACHT

CERTIFICATEs AND FOR SPECIAL SuBJECTS.

100. Voluntar-y examinations shall be held to enable persons who ar·e qualified to obtain the following certificates or endorsements:-

(a.) Master of a British yacht; (b) Master of an Australian yacht; (c) Compass Deviation; and (d) Signalling.

101.-(1.) Any person who--( a) commands his own British sea-going pleasure yacht; (b) is the sole owner thereof; and (c) is not less than 23 years of age,

shall be eligible to sit for an examination for a certificate as Master of &. British Yacht

(2.) Only one description of certificate shall be issued, whether the yacht is foreign-going or cruises within the home trade or limited coast tr-ade limits.

(3.) The certificate shall not entitle the holder to command any vessel except the pleasure yacht or yachts, of which he is, fr-om time to time, sole owner.

(4.) A candidate shall not be requiTed to have served any specified time afloat.

( 5.) .A candidate shall not be required to show testimonials of service, but shall be required to produce a statutory declaration to the effect-

( a) that he is sole owner of the yacht; (b) that the yacht is sea-going; and (c) that it is not to be used for trading purposes.

( 6.) A candidate shall make~ application in accor-dance with Form M. & M.-B. at a Mer-cantile Marine Office and pay a fee of Three pounds.

(7.) A candidate shall not be required to pToduce a First Aid certificate.

(8.) Subject to the preceding sub-regulations of this regulation and the next two succeeding regulations, the regulations relating to examina­tions of Masters of foTeign-going ships shall apply in the case of an examination for a certificate as Master of a British Yacht.

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Regulations.

102. The written examination of a candidate for a certificate shall Yacht Master­

be the same as that prescribed for a Master's foreign-going certificate: ji;~~~~nt!on. Provided that a candidate shall be required to take the papers in

navigation and chartwork laid down for the examination for a First Mate's foreign-going certificate, and that the papers on ship's business and engineering knowledge shall be omitted from the examination.

103. A candidate for a certificate as Master of a British Yacht shaH Yacht Master-

b . d d l . ,. . Om! e require to un ergo an ora examinatiOn 1n- Examination.

(a) the making and taking in sail, and the management of a yacht under canvas in moderate and in stormy weather;

(b) the Rule of the Road at sea as regards both steamers and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals, the signals of distress, and the signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of thetle signals;

(c) the use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of his vessel being stranded;

(d) the marking and using of lead and log lines, the casting of a vessel on a lee shore, the mooring and unmooring of a ship, the keeping of a clear anchor and the carrying out of an anchor;

(e) the keeping of his vessel out of the trough of the sea in the event of accident;

(f) the manner of rigging rafts and jury rudders, &c.; (g) the steps to be taken when a yacht is disabled or unmanage­

able and drifting towards a lee shore; (h) the preservation of the crew in the event of wreck; ( i) measures to be adopted for preventing and checking au

outbreak of scurvy on board; (j) the duties of a yacht Master under the Merchant Shipping

Acts or the Act; ~md (k) any other questions relating to the management of a yacht,

either steam or sailing, which the Examiner asks.

104 .. A. certificate as Master of an Australian yacht shall entitle the Value of

holder to command, in Australian waters, any pleasure yacht of which ~g;f~,~~~ea~ he is at the time the sole owner. ~~~1~t.l!an

105.-(1.) il. candidate for a certificate as Master of an Australian Qua!iflcat!on-. ht b ll 'b t l t' 23 .c Master. sea-gmng yac s a e no ess nan years o~ age. Austra!lan

(2.) Subject to regulations 21 and 22 and the next two succeeding Yachts.

regulations, a candidate shall, in all other respects, comply with the requirements of sub-regulations (4.)-(7.) of regulation 101.

106. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate Examination tn

as Master of an Australian yacht shall be required- Navigation.

(a) to work a day's work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, variation and deviation;

(b) to find by Time Azimuth tables the deviation of the compass, having the variation given;

(c) to find, on a chart or plan, the course or courses to steer and the distance from one given position to another; to find the ship's position together with the set and drift (if any) on the chart from cross-bearing of two objects; to find

Examim>t!on In seamanship.

(d)

(e)

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

the position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given current; also the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing;

to find the time of high water at a given place by the aid of the Admiralty or local tide-tables; and

to attain a minimum speed of eight words a minute in sema­phore and six words a minute in ]\L[orse :flashing.

107.- In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Master of an Australian yacht shall show, to the sati3-faction of the Examiner, a knowledge of-

( a) making and taking in sail, and the management of a yacht under steam or sail in any weather or position;

(b) the Rule of the Road at sea as regards both steam vessels and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals ;

(c) the signals to exhibit when in distress or (d) any special port signals in u.se locally; (e) mar king and using the lead and log lines ; and (f) rigging and using a sea anchor.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily tions appertaining to the management of a which thinks necessary to ask

a

other ques­Examiner

Any person holding a certificate of any grade in the foreign or limited coast trade or home trade or as Master of his ovvn pleasure yacht who desires to pass a voluntary examination in compass deviation, may up011 appliC"ation in accordance with Form JI,;L & l\L-B. and payment of a fee of Two pounds to tho of the Mercantile Marine Office, be examined at any time.

(2.) Upon passing the examination, an endorsement to that effeet shall be made upon the candidate's certificate.

(3.) In order to pass in the examination, a candidate shall obtain 85 per cent. of the marks allotted to the written part of the ""'"uuu

and the Examiner in the oral and practical examination.

Any person who holds or has passed or 1s a can-didate for, a certificate of competency of any may undergo a voluntary examination in signalling in accordance with D.

(2.) Upon passing such voluntary examination, an endorsement to that effect together with the date and place of passing shall be recorded upon his certificate of competency.

(3.) The candidate shall be required to attain a minimum speed of twelve words a minute in semaphore and ten words a minute in Morse flashing. (See Appendix

( 4.) Where the voluntary examination in signalling is taken a.~ part of the examination for a certificate of higher grade, and the mm~ didate is successful thereat, an endorsement on the ca~didate's certificate shall not be made, but a sectional pass form (Form M. & 1vL-EE. ( 1) shall be issued to him.

Navigation (Examination of .Lliasters and 217

A canditiate may be examined at any port where examinations are upon completion of the form of application in accordance with .form l\:L & :M.-B. and payment of the foe of £1 3s.

Where a candidate undergoes the examination in signalling a! the same time as that at which he is examined for any c<Jrti:fieate of competency, a fee shall not be charged for such signalling examination.

PART VII.-EsTIMATION oF SEA SERVICE.

110.-(1.) The requirements as to the total period of sea service Total

prescribed for foreign-going certificate shall he regarded ns satisfied 1,.01,elg:n-@:mxt;;

when the whole the service has been performed at sea i.n the foreign· eert.lft,cat''"·

going or Australian trade in one or more of the specified in Tegulation 114 of theae Regulations.

(2.) vVhere the whole or any of the total period of sea service prescribed for any foreign-going certificate hr,s heen served in thtJ limited or in capacities other than those referred to in tlH.'

such service shall be regarded as equivalent tG a part only a similar served in the foreign-going trade lll

one or more of the capacities speci:fied in 1·egulation 114, and its pro­portionate value, vvith respect to the qua1ifying time, shall be determined in accordance with the regulations containe?d in Part VII. of these Hegulations.

Ill. Service performed in any capaeity whilst holding a Hom~: Trade Certificate issued in the United Kingdom or hy authority rnentioned in Appendix G. of these Regulations, shall deemed equivalent to service performed in a similar capacity whilst holding any Limited Coast-trade Certificate issued under these Reg<ilations,

112.-(1.) Qualifying service ae a seamD.n may be performed in size of vesseL

service aa an officer may be neTfoTmed in any l'"'wrwt'l"

vessel of 15 tons gross tonnage or more which .~;uries ~a duly certi:fieated MaBter.

(3.) ServJce as 1\,fastei~ of a vessel under 15 to us gross shall not be accepted as officer's service.

113.--(L) Sea service shall be reckoned from the commencement Seuenloo.

to the termination of the (2.) The certificates for s0rvice in the forei5""Il trad•3

or limited coast-trade may be accepted as of !lea service, but certificates of discha1~ge for ser-vice in the intrg-state trade shall be sent to the Deputy Director of t}Je State where the se:r-viee was performed for verification.

( 3.) Where service in charge of a watch 1s watch-keeping service .shall also be producecL

certificates of

114. Subject to these Regulations, the Bervice for all ""'"'r:v·mg certificates as master or mate in the shall be gervice performed in ordinary trading vessels in capacities as apprentice, mid­shipman, cadet, deck-boy, ordinary seaman, able seaman, quarter-master, boatswain, deck officer or master.

115. Subject to these Regulations, non-trading sea-·serv·ice, or service liTnn.t'r~c1 ona in capacities other than those specified in the last preceding regulation, shall not be accepted aB qualifying serviee except with the approval of tlle Director.

Service in possession. ot oertifioat.e.

NAVIGATION

Service in limited coast-trade coast-trade certificates.

the time ser·ved in

shall be

thp,t the distance betvvsen the extreme

1D

lil

the

the course of the is at least :five hundred

H8. Sea as

it can it was performed.

vvithin the -,vaters of a S0l'vice the:rein is the alJl1Y"O-aB service in the trade.

is less than :live the to service in the home trade or the

whatever trade it is performed, shall not be for examination for certificates of

reference to the articles of the

119.-(1.) For the of these Regulations, "service as :first mate 5' means service next to the master.

(2.) Service as junior or auxiliary first mate, or as first mate under a Chief shall count as equivalent to service as the second of. three watch-keeping officers for qiialifying purposes.

(3.) The facts in each case shall be clearly established by the can­didate's certi:ficates of watch-keeping service.

120.-(1.) When service in charge of a watch is specified in these Regulations, candidates for certificates of competency as first mate shaH be able to prove that out of the eighteen months' service required at least fifteen months have been spent in effective charge of a watch for not less than eight hours out of each twenty-four hours' service at set!. The remaining three months may be service as junior of two watch· keeping officers, but such time shall count only as half its duration for qualifying purposes. The exact natme of a candidate's service shall be clearly established by certificate signed by the Master in the form indicated in Appendix E.

(2.) During the whole of the qualifying service between first mate's and master's certificates specified in these Regulations, every candidate for a master's certificate shall have served in hll charge of a watch for eight hours out of every hours' service at sea. The candidate shall produc-e certificates in accordance with Appendix 1-i.: from the master stating clearly that he has had sole charge of a watch for hours in each twenty-four ho1us' service at sea. Service

under the system of double watches, except as the senior shall not be accepted as qualifying service for a certificate of this grade.

121.-(1.) In order that officer's service may be recognized aa qualifying for purposes of examination, it shall have been performed with the requisite certificate as specified in R or 0.

ll!f.asters and

who has been Ill

on the occu·r- ,~·mmm•,w~

the :rank in which on which it has

in the Official his service in the for

service.

The testimonials of service of foreigners and of .British in foreign which cannot be verified

of Shipping and for Great either the Consul of the country to which the ship

candidate served belonged or by some other recognized , .. ,,.,,,.~ of that country, or by the testimony of some credible

having personal know}edge of the facts required to be estab-

(2.) The production of such proofs shall not necessarily be deemed sufficient.

(3.) Each case shaH be decided on its own merits, and, where the sufficiency of the proofs given appears to be at all doubtful, it shall he :referred to the Principal Examiner, who shall, if he deems it necessary,

it to the Director for decision.

) A candidate whose service has been performed h1 capacities other than those of apprentice, midshipman, cadet, ordinary "a"m"'m'·· seaman or able shaH satisfy the E;caminer or the Director that he has, during the time claimed, performed deck duties in addition to his own particular work

( 2.) Such service shall only be accepted as equivalent to two-thirds of the time served as ordinary deck hand.

Where a candidate fails to produce satisfactory evidence of he shall be to additional service in the

of seaman. Service as cook (under conditions other than those

steward, purser or in the engine room,

Where a candidate has been engaged on Articles of service Il-l!

A , · . l , d b L wl.ralesa greemem; as seaman, or In any seaman rat1ng, anr nas serve otu as operator.

a seaman and as a wireless operator, two-thirds of such service be counted as qualifying service, but the candidate shall prove that the whole period claimed he performed deck duties in addition duties of a wireless operator.

(2.) vVhere a candidate has been engaged on Articles of Agreement as a wireless operator, and has performed deck duties in two-thirds of such service may be counted as service:

Apprentices.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

Provided that the candidate shall be able to produce a certificate from the M.aster to the effect that he has pe1·formed deck duties throughout the voyage for a reasonable proportion of time each and that he has not spent :more than two hours a day on regular wireless watcho

(K) Where a candidate who has been engaged on Articles of ltgree­ment as a wireless operator, and has only served in that capacity, one quarter of the service may be counted as qualifying service, but no amount of such service shall be allowed to count as moTe than twelve months' qualifying service.

127.-(1.) The whole of the time claimed unde1· indentures of apprenticeship shall be accepted as actual sea service to qualify under regulation 33 of these Regulations for a Second Mate's certi-ficate:

Provided that-( a) the indentures have not been cancelled through some fault of

the candidate, but are endorsed by the owner or :master to whom he was bound to the e:ffect that he has performed his service faithfully during the time he remained a~ apprentice; and

(b) the candidate has served at sea four--fifths of the time claimed, that is to say, has not spent more than one-fifth of the time in home ports.*

(2.) Where an apprentice is qualified for examination before the expiration of his indentures, a letter from the owner or master shall be accepted in place of the endorsement referred to above.

( 3.) Vrhere a candidate is short of the required four-fifths of the time claimed as apprentice, he shall he required to show suffi.cient additional sea service, either as seaman or junior officer, to make up thG four-fifths of the time claimed.

(4.) The provisions of the preceding sub-regulations of this regu­lation shall not be deemed to cove1· a cas0 in which, during a proportion of the of appTenticeship, the vessel on which apprentice is serving has been laid up in a foreign The portion of the period of apprenticeship ·which may be qualifying service in such a case is dependent on the actual circum­stances and each case shall be considered on its merits.

Mw•snrnm<m~nd 128. The whole of the time served as midshipman or cadet 1vhether under indoJJ.turcs or not shall be accepted su.bject to the sa111e eondltions as those for apprentices:

thrrt, in the case of a midshipman or cadet not under indentures-

( a) the service as midshipman or crrdet shall have been con­tinuous:

(b) on the d~te of the termination of the period of serviee claimed in this capacity, the candidate was on Articles of Agreement; and

he is able to comply with the requirements of these Regu­lations loelating to serving or making up the four--fiftbs period at sea during the time daimed.

In the case of cablr: ~hip-s, the timr may be eounted in fun if tvtu~thiTriB of this period of fourvllfths, t.hat is eight.~flfteenths of the whole time under indentures, has lJcer1 ~pent in service -:;n board the ship :1way from the ship's bae.e port ((J. reg. 141 ).

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations. 221

Time served after the age of fourteen years on board a training Tr"!ml"'i •hips.

or time spent at theN au tical College, Pang bourne, shall be allowed to count as equivalent to one-half the same time spent in service at sea, up to a limit of two years, that is to say, no length of service or time

shall be allowed to count as more than one year at sea:

Provided that the candidate ean produce a certificate from the Com­mittee Ol' Captain Superintendent that he has conducted himself

and passed a good examination in seamanship so far as it is the training ship, as well as in other matters down to the

of his leaving the ship: Provided further that training ship service shall not be regarded

as equivalent to service in square-rigged vessels.

Time spent at a School for Nautical Training conducted on premises ashore may be accepted as equivalent to time served at sea (see sub-regulation (2.) of this regulation):

Provided that-( a) after an inBpection the Examiner, the Director

is satisfied that school in question gives a training that justifies time spent there being reckoned as of the necessary qualifying time for a Certificate of Competency; and

(b) the candidate produces a satisfactory certificate as regarda conduct and proficiency from the authorities the school on leaving it.

The proportion in which time at an school con-on premises . ashore may be accepted as sea sennce

shall be decided the but in no case such time be counted as equivalent to more than one-half of the same time served at sea, or as amounting in all to more than one year's sea service.

Time spent at a, nautical school while under the age of fourteen years shall not be

A candidate who has spent time at a School or Schools for Nautical by the Board of Trade F.), and conducted on premises on shore in the United may be allowed to count a- IJortion of this time so spent as at sea in accordance with the conditim1s as set out in the Board of Trade regu­lations to the examination of masters and mates in the mer­cantile marine.

131.-(1.) Time spent at the Naval College at Dartmouth or at a similar college in the Commonwealth shaH, subject to the conditions

in the last preceding regulation, be permitted to count as to one-half the same time in service at sea, and a similar shall be made in respect time spent on courses on shor'!

after promotion to Acting Sub-Lieutenant, subject to the condition that the total remission of sea service in respect of all time spent on shore shall not exceed twelve months.

( 2.) Time spent in shore shall not be in lieu of watchkeeping service.

132. Service as a Commissioned Officer of the Sea-going Naval Office;-s' service

Forces of the Commonwealth or of any other of the British i!Ji!;:''r.f:rine,

Se•vlce In B.oya! Australian Naval R.eserve.

Service !n Roval Air Force.

Excursion Steamers.

Service in fishing or pilot vessels 1 or in Naval ves:;els.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

Dominions or in the Royal Indian Marine, shall be accepted as ing service for certificates as follows:-

(a) For a Second Mate's Oertificate.-The officer must prove four years' service at sea; and

(b) For First Mate or Master.-The officer must prove that he has attained the rank of lieutenant in the Navy or in the Royal Indian Marine.

133.-(1.) Any lieutenant, sub-lieutenant, or acting sub-lieutenant of the Royal Australian Naval Reserve who performs sea service on board His Majesty's ships shall, if his application is accompanied a good report, be allowed to count half the time so spent in lieu qualifying watchkeeping service for a certificate of competency as master or first mate, subject to a maximum allowance of six months for each gra.de of certificate.

( 2.) The time spent by a midshipman in the Royal Australian Naval Reserve on board sea-going vessels of the Royal Australian Navy shall, if his application is accompanied by a good report, be accepted in full as qualifying sea service for a second mate's certificate, subject to a maximum allowance of six months:

Provided that a reasonable proportion of such time shall have been spent at sea and that not more than four weeks shall have been spent on leave.

(3.) Service in harbour ships and shore establishments of the Royal Australian Navy shall not be accepted as qualifying service for any grade of certiJicate.

134.-(1.) ·Officers with certificates as second mate or first mate who hold short service commissions in the Royal Air Force may, if accom­panied by a good report, count towards qualifying sea service for certi­ficates of competency as first mate or master respectively half the time spent under instruction in aviation at a flying training school or with a home defence unit and half the time spent in a fleet air arm or naval co-operation unit, up to a maximum of six months in all for each grade of certificate.

(2.) Apprentices and seamen holding short service commissions in the Royal Air Force may, if accompanied by a good report, count towards qualifying sea service for a second mate's certificate half the time spent under instruction in aviation at a flying training school or with a home defence unit and half the time spent in a fleet air arm or naval co-operation unit up to a maximum of six months in all:

Provided that the total remission of sea service in respect of Royal Air Force service and time spent in a shore training ship or school shall not in any event exceed twelve months.

135. Only such service on excursion steamers as can be proved to have been performed at sea shall be accepted as qualifying service.

136. In order to qualify for examination, a candidate who has per­formed deck service exclusively in trawlers and other deep sea-fishing vessels, or in pilot vessels or Naval sea-going vessels, shall in addition prove--,-

( a) for a foreign-going certificate-service for at least eighteen months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign trade, or the equivalent period, twenty-seven months in the home or coasting trade; and

Navigation (Examination of Masters and Regulations.

(b) for a limited coast-trade certificate-service for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign, home or coasting trade.

13'7. Service in pleasure yachts shall be accepted as qualifying In

service under the following conditions:-(a) It shall in all cases be verified by satisfactory proofs, which

shall set forth clearly and in detail the nature and duration of the service claimed;

(b) Only actual sea service shall be accepted; Service in foreign-going yachts shall be accepted in fuH;

and service performed within home or limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of not less than 50 tons net register, or in steam yachts of not less than 80 tons gross register, shall be accepted in the proportion stated in regulation 116:

Provided, however, a candidate shall show-(i) for a foreign-going certificate-service for at

least eighteen months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign trade, or for the equiva­lent period, twenty-seven months, in an ordinary trading vessel in the home or coasting trade; and

( ii) for a limited coast-trade certificate-service for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign, home or coasting trade;

(d) Service within home, or limited coast-trade limits in yachts of 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts of tons gross register, shall be accepted towards qualifying a candidate for a foreign-going certificate as equivalent tfJ half the same time served in the foreign trade, but no amount of such service shall count as more than two years' service in the foreign trade, and no such service shall count as officers' service tc qualify candidates for :foreign­going certificates;

(e) Service within home, or limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of not less than 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts of not less than 40 tons gross register, shall be accepted at the ordinar<y rate as qualifying service for limited coast-trade certificates, but candidates shall prove that they have, in addition, served for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign, home or coasting trade; and

(f) Service within home, or limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of less than 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts o:f less than 40 tons gross register, shall not be accepted as qualifying service for any class of certificate.

138.-(1.) Service in tugs employed outside river and bay limits Tugs, war

b d . f h f l'f . d'd Department may e accepte as sea servwe or t e purpose o qua 1 y1ng a can 1 ate vesselli, &c.

for a certificate as Master, or Mate (Sub-grade B), of limited coae;t-trade ships only.

Servlce in dredgers.

Service on rivaa.-a.

Senice In ooble sWps.

L!ghthoueo tender.;,

NA VIGATWN (SEA)-

(2.) Service performed in War Department vessels employed outside partially smooth water limits may be accepted as sea service to qualify a candidate for a Mate's or Master's certificate for limited coast-trade ships only.

(3.) Service in War Department vessels shall not be accepted towards qualifying a candidate for a foreign-going certificate, unless in very exceptional circumstances, when the case, together with all the candidate's papers, shall be submitted to the Principal Examiner for consideration.

139.-(1.) Service in steam hopper barges shall, subject to the next succeeding regulation, be counted towards qualifying a ca.ndidate for a certificate of competency as Mate (Sub-Grade B.) for limited coast­trade ships.

(2.) The candida.te shall prove at least two years' service in an ordinary trading vessel in either the home, coasting or foreign tmde.

( 3.) Service in steam hoppers shall not be accepted as officer's service towards qualifying a candidate for a Master's foreign-going or limited coast-tra.de certificate.

140.-(1.) Service performed on rivers and service performed within smooth or partially smooth water limits will not be accepted as qualifying service.

(2.) Where any doubt whatever exists as to whether any such service may be accepted, the candidate shall, before the consideration of the acceptance of such service, be required to produce a certificate from the Master or Owner of the vessel in which the service was performed.

141.-(1.) A candidate who has performed part of his qualifying service in a cable ship, shall be required to produce, in addition to the prescribed evidence of sea service, a statement or certificate from the owners of the ship showing the amount of time a.ctually spent at sea.

(2.) If the time so spent constitutes or exceeds two-thirds of the total time on articles, this total time may be accepted in full as qualify­ing service, but in the event of the actual sea service falling below this proportion, the deficiency shall be made up by additim1al service at sea ?efore the total time on articles may be accepted in full as qualifying serv1ce.

142.-(1.) Service performed in the sea-going steam vessels of Trinity Rouse, or of the Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses, or of the Commissioners of Irish Lights, or in Irish or Scotch fishery cruisers, or similar service in any Commonwealth or State Lighthouse Service within limited coast-trade limits, shall be a.ccepted as sea service fOl' the purpose of qualifying a candidate for examination for a limited coast-trade certificate; but for a foreign-going certificate a candidate shall also show .service calculated in accordance with regulation 1Hi of at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel.

(2.) Subject to the last pre\leding sub-regulation service as offi<'ers in the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service vessels shall be accepted as qualifying service.

143. Applications claiming service in Mission vessels shall be accom­panied by a full statement of the voyages made in such vessels.

144. Service in lightships shall not be accepted as sea service.

Navigation (Exarmination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

PART VIII.-CoNDUOT OF THE ExAMINATIONS.

The examination shall begin at 10 a.m. on each Exam!uat!ons,

( 2 .. ) A regular luncheon interval shall be given each day between Time Table.

1 p.m. and 2 p.m. Candidates shaH, as :far as possible, be given ample notice of

and time of their oral examination. The time allotted for each written part of the examination for

grade of certificate shall be as follows~:-

(a) Foreign-going T·rade-

1.-SEOOND M:ATE (FOREIGN-GOING).

First Day­( 1) Know ledge of Principles 3 ( 2) Practical Navigation I (including Tides) 2

Second Day-­(3) Practical Navigation II " 0

( 4) Chart Work 2

Third Day-

hours. hours.

hour§" hours.

(5) Cargo Work and Elementary Ship Con­struction

(6) English 3 hours. 11£ hours.

Fottrth or 8ubseq1lent Days-Orals.

2.-FIRST MATE (FOREIG~{-GOil'TG).

Fi1·st Day-(1) Practical Navigation I. 3 (3) Chart Work 2

Second Day-( 4) Ship Construction and Stability 3 (2) Practical Navigation II. 2

Third Day-( 5) Ship's Maintenance, Routine, and Cargo

Work 3 (6) Meteorology . . 2

Fourth or Subsequent Days-Orals.

3.-MASTER (FOREIGN-GOING).

First Day-(1) Practical Navigation . . 3 ( 2) Meteorology . . 2

Second Day-(3) Ship Construction and Stability 3 ( 4) English 2

Third Day-(5) Ship's Business 2 (6) Compass 2

hours. hour~.

houro. hours.

hours. hours.

houn, houri!,

hours. hours.

hour~. hour:;;.

Examlll~tion papem-how t© be dealt with.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

Fourth Day--EngineeriJJg Knowledge (including car-

nage of refrigerated cargoes) 3 hours,

or Days-Orals. 4.-EXTRA MASTER.

First Day­Mathematics Magnetism and Electricity

Second Day-(2) General Science (8) Commercial and Legal Knowledge

Third Day-Navigation Chart Work

Fourth Day-( 5) Chart Construction and Marine Smveying (9) Oceanography and Economic Geography ..

Fifth Day-('l) Construction, and Upkeep of

Ships Orals as requisite.

(b) Limited Coa-st-trade-Sub-grade C.-Arithmetic, 4 hours

3 hours. " hom:s. VI

3 hom·s. 2 hours.

3 hours. 2 hours.

3 hours. 3 hours.

3 hours.

Master, Sub-grade D.-Arithmetic, 4 hours; chart and 2 hours.

Second Sub-grade A; Mate, Sub-grade B.-Arith-metic, 4 hours; chart and tides, 3 hours.

JI/Iaster, Sub-grade C.-Arithmetic, 2 hours; nautical astronomy, 1 hour; chart and tides, 3 hom's.

First Mate, Sub-grade A, and Master, Sub-grade B.-N avi­gation am! nautical astronomy, 4 hours i chart, 3 hours.

Master, Sub.,grade A.-Navigation and nautical astronomy, 5 hours; deviation questions, 2 hours; chart, 3 hours.

(c) River and Bay Trade-Mate.-Arithmetic, 2 hours. Master.-Arithmetic, 2 hours; chart and tides, 2 hours.

146.-(1.) The envelopes containing the examination papers, when received from the Principal Examiner, shall not on any account be opened by any other officer than the Examiner, and by him only at the commencement of the examination.

(2.) Where the envelope containing the examination papers appears on its arrival to have been opened or in any way tampered with, the Examiner may, if he thinks necessary, defer the examination until the following or some later day, and telegraph immediately to the Principal Examiner for a fresh set of papers.

227

case of this kind occurring, the taken in the

to the Examiner. the have been opened, and until the examination

are sealed up and despatched to the Principal .JC.<2'"''"'''"'-'"" Examiner shall take to preclude the possibility

of having access to examination papers of with the

of examination in accordance with Forms & M.-FF., and M. & M.-U., shall in all cases be sent to the Principal Examiner for his

The envelopes in which the examination papers are returned to the Examiner shall be carefully sealed by the Examiner with the seal, at both the and the bottom.

147. Candidates shall be in attendance at the examination room vaDlma,••e•

at the time appointed.

A person whose duties do not require him to be present at an examination shall not be allowed in the room during the examination.

149. Before the commencement of an examination, the tables or Loose papers

desks in the examination room shall be cleared of all scraps of paper ~:~o~~~ o:r books which may not be used in the examination.

The following tables and books examination rooms:-

shall be supplied at use and the

Nautical Tables (including logarithm edition), Raper (full edition), Inman bourne.

Alt-Azimuth Tables.-Burdwood, Davis. Admiralty Tide Tables.-Parts I. and II.

tables) N orie (full AJC!lrntnet!ons.

(full edition), Black-

N 11JUt•ical Almanac.-1929 Abridged Edition.

Any candidate who desires to use tables other than those sped­the last preceding sub-regulaion may bring such tables into the

examination room, on condition that he submits them to the Examiner, before the commencement of the examination, for scrutiny and approval. These tables shall not contain any manuscript notes.-

(3.) Subject to the Examiner's approval, no restriction shall be placed on the use of any tables:

Provided that a candidate shall understand the theory on which the tables are based and such tables must be capable of giving an answer within the required limits of accuracy.

( 4.) Where tables other than those supplied aTe used in answering a question, the name of the tables and a note of what is actually obtained from them shall be stated on the candidate's paper.

151. All instruments necessary for use in the examinations shall be 1use of

l , d b h C 1 h b d'd , h ' l nstrumeuts. supp 1e y t e ommonwea~t , ut a can 1 ate may, w1t tne approva of the Examiner obtained before the commencement of the examination, use his own drawing instruments and slide rules.

152.-(1.) A candidate shall not bring into the examination room Unauthorized

books or papers of any kind whatever, other than mathematical tables. ~~~!:sand forbidden.

to

Injury to hooks. instruments, &c.

Lea 'ling room or bulldlng.

Silence.

All worl!; to be ShOVr'TI.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

( .2.) The slightest infringement of this regulation shall subject the offender to all the penalties of a failure, and he shall not be allowed to pTesent himself for re-examination for a period of three months.

( A candidate who uses his own mathematical tables or instru-ments without first obtaining the approyal of the Examiner shall be subject to the same penalty.

153.-(1.) Where a candidate defaces, blots, writes in or otherwi~e injures any book or form, or damages any in.stTument belonging to the Commonwealth, his papers shall be retained until he has replaced the damaged book, form or instrument.

( 2.) A candidate shall not be allowed to Temove the damaged book, form or instrument, and may be subjected to all tbe penalties of u fail me.

154.-(1.) No candidate may leave the examination room without permission and without giving up the paper on which he is engaged.

(2.) Under no circumstances shall a candidate be allov;ed to leave the building while the examination is proceeding.

(3.) Any breach of the last preceding sub-regulation shall entail all the penalties of a failure.

155. Every candidate shall preserve silence in the examination room.

1513.-(1.) A candidate shall not be permitted to work out his problems on waste paper, or to write on the blotting paper supplied for his use at an examination.

(2.) Any bTeach of the last preceding sub-regulation shall entail all the penalties of a failure.

( 3.) The sheet of blotting paper issued to each candidate with tho first examination paper shall be returned to the Examiner when the last paper is completed each day.

( 4.) The Examiner shall examine the blotting paper to asceTtam whether it has been used by the candidate in solving his problems, or for conveying information to other candidates.

Copying, &c., 157. Communication between the candidates shall not, under any to be prevented. · b · d d · h · f · ·

Penalty· for copying, &c. Penaltleil for refeu!n~ to un&uthor!zed books, Ito.

Written exam!ns.tlons.

cucumstanccs, . e perm1tte unng t e t1me o an exam1nat10n.

158. Any candidate who dming the time of an examination­( a) refers to any unauthorized book or paper; (b) copies from any other candidate; (c) affords any assistance or gives any information to, or com­

municates in any way with, any otheT candidate; or (d) makes a copy of any part of the problems for the purpose

of taking such copy from the examination room, shall incur all the penalties ora failure and also shall be debarred from being examined for six months, in the case of a first offence, or for twelve months, in the case of any subsequent offence.

159. A candidate shall write only on one side of the paper supplied, answer, in a clear and legible hand, each of the questions .on the paper and commence each answer by writing in the margin the number of the question to which it relates.

Navigation (Examination Masters and Mates) Regulations.

160.-(1.) In order to pass in the written portion of the examina­.ion, a candidate for a foreign-going certificate shall obtain not less ;han 70 per cent. of the total marks for all subjects, and also a """""u.,.m•"'· ninimum of 50 per cent. in each of the following subjects:-

Second Jllate (Foreign-going)­

Knowledge of Principles. Practical Navigation (I. and II.). Chartwork.

First ~Mate (Foreign-going)­

Practical Navigation (I. and II.). Chartwork. Ship Construction and Stability.

]J{ aster ( B'oreign-goirng )­

Practical Navigation. Ship Construction and Stability. Ship's Business. Compass. English.

(2.) In order to obtain a pass in the examination for extra master, a candidate shall obtain not less than 75 per cent. of the total marks for all subjects, but he shall not be required to reach a minimum percentage on :my one paper.

161. The number of marks to be allotted to each paper in the written examination shall be in accordance with the following table:-

(a) Second }itfate (Foreign-going). Duration

of Paper- Marka._

Knowledge of Principles Practical Navigation I. Practical Navigation II. Chnrt Work Cargo Work and Ship Construction English

Hours.

3 2 3 2 3

(b) FiTst Mate (Foreign-going).

Practical Navigation I. . . Practical Navigation II ... Chaxt Work Ship Construction and Stability Cargo Work, &c. Meteorology

3 2 2 3 3 2

150 150 200 200 200 100

1,000

200 150 150 200 200 100

1,000

to be

Degree ol precision reqllired.

Compass devj.§tion.

Sext,ant.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

(c) 111 aster ( Poreign-going).

Practical Navigation Meteorolog-y Ship Construction and Stability English Ship's Business .. Compass Engineering Knowledge

(d) Mathematics Science Navigation Chart Work

Extra Jl;laster.

Chart Construction and Surveying .. Magnetism Ship Construction Commercial Knowledge Oceanography

Duration of Paper- Marks.

Hours.

3 200 2 100 3 200 2 100 2 100 2 150 3 150

1,000

3 200 3 200 3 150 2 150 3 150 " 200 i)

3 200 2 150 3 100

In the Knowledge of J?rinciples paper for second mate, the corrections by inspection of tables given in any book relating io navigation shall not be allowed~

(2.) Every correction shall appear on the papers of every candidate.

163. A candidate shall be allowed to work out the various problems in accordance with any method which is correct in principle, which he is accustomed to use.

164.-(1.) In .uuuu.ux calculations for obtaining a ship's position, a candidate shall work to of a minute of arc and to the nearest second of time.

(2.) The method of calculation used in obtaining a position line shall be capable of giving an answer within 0.5 of a mile.

(3.) A candidate shall calculate to ·within 0.25 of a degree in the case of the calculation of compass errors, bearings and courses, and to within 0.5 of a degree, in the case of chart work.

( 4.) In calculating the correction to apply to soundings, a candidate shall be deemed to have obtained the correct result if such result is within half of a foot of the exact result.

165. In answering questions en the tentative method of compass adjustment, a candidate shall be tested by Beall's Compass Deviascope.

166.-(lJ The examination in relation to the sextant shall be conducted both orally and practically.

(2.) A candidate shall be required to-( a.) measure both vertical and horizontal angles;

(b) be examined practically as to his knowledge of the adjust· ments and the use of the various screws; and

(c) be able to read correctly on and off the arc, and to find the index error both by the horizon and by the sun .

. -( 1.) In the examination· on Rule of the Road the Examiner Rule o£

shall test the candidate's knowledge of the sense and intention of the road ..

Navigation (Collision) Regulations under the Act. (2.) Examiners shall not place a candidate for a steamship

certificate in the position o:f handling a sailing ship, but shall lay stress on the candidate's ability to recognize a sailing ship's lights and on his knowledge of a sailing ship's possible manceuvres according to the direction of the wind.

Hl8.-(1.) A candidate shall not be permitted to undergo examina- ""LtUluttlLt'"u

tion for the same grade of certificate twice in successive weeks, unless in ver·y special and urgent circumstances, the Examiner sees fit to permit the fmther examination.

( 2.) In any such case the Examiner shall apply to the Principal Examiner for a special set of problems.

Hl!Ji. Any candidate who contravenes or fails to comply with any Penalties · · f tc. n 1 t · · · 1 t E · d t breaches provisiOn o lle negu a wns, or IS 111S01ent o an xam1ner, or con uc .s regulations.

himself in a disorderly or improper manner in or about the examination room, shall, where no other penalty is prescribed, be liable to incur the penalty of the postponement of his examination, or, if he has passed, the detention of his certi:ficate for such period as the Director directs.

17(). The Navigation (Examination of Masters and lVIate~) Repent

Regulations, being Statutory Rules 1924, No. 205, as amended by Statutory Rules 1926, No. 17, 1929, No. 100, and 1930, No. 59, are repealed.

THE FIRST SCHEDULE. Regulation 5.

FEES FOR FOREIGN-GOING CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired.

Second M:a te First Mate First M:ate Master .. Master .. Extra Master Extra Master

Certificate Held.

Second Mate, Foreign-going Any other Qualifying Certificate First Mate, Foreign-going Any other Qualifying Certificate Master, Foreign-going .. Any other Qualifying Certificate

Exam!uat!on Fee.

£ 8. d. 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 lO 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0

Provided that wltere a candidate for any prescribed certificate of competency is re-examined in the written or in the oral part of the examination only, tha fee shall be half of that specified above for that certificate.

36.-9

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

FIRST SCHEDULE-continued.

FEES FOR LIMITED COAST-TRADE CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired. Certificate Held.

Mate, Sub-grade 0 Master, Sub-gradeD Master, Sub-grade 0

1}

Mate, Sub-grade B Second Mate, Sub-grade A Master, Sub-grade B } Mate, Sub-grade A Master, Sub-grade A Certificate for a particular

rig or class of vessel Certificate for a particular

Limited Coast-Trade

Same grade of Certificate for a different rig or class of vessel

Same grade of Certificate for a different Limited Coast-Trade

Examination Fee.

£ 8. d. 1 5 0 l 10 0

l 15 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

\ Half of the fee ~ prescribed for j that certificate

FEES FOR RIVlm AND BAY CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired. Certificate Held. Examination Fee.

£ 8. d. ld:ate, Sub-grade A

f l 0 0 Mate, Sub-grade C

Master, Sub-grade B 5 0 Master, Sub-grade C

Master, Sub-grade A l 10 0

FEES FOR OTHER CERTIFICATES AND FOR EXAMINATION IN SINGLE SUBJECTS.

Certificate Desired.

Ordinary or Voluntary Signalling, taken at usual examination Ordinary Signalling ouly Voluntary Signalling only Voluntary Examination in Compass Deviation Master of a British or Australian Yacht Sight Test Sight Test-On Appeal Sight Test-On Second Appeal CertificC~te of Efficiency as Lifeboatman only Sailing Ship Endorsement if examined at the sal:I!!l time as for a Cer­

tificate of Competency Sailing Ship Endorsement, if examined separately

I Examination Fee.

£ 8. d. No extra fee

0 lO 0 l 5 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 6 2 2 0 5 5 0 0 10 0

No extra fee

Half the usual fee for the grade of cer­tificate de­sired

of MasteJ·s a.nd Regulations.

THE SECOND SCHEDULE. Regulation 3.

HELA'1'IVE V -'iLUE OF C.ERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY OF MASTERS AND MATES.

( l.) Any certificate meuiione(l in Column l of the following table shall be deemed to be of a higher grade than any certificate, the distinguishing number of ·which is specified opposite thereto in Colun1n 2.

(2.) The holder of any certificate mentioned in Column l may engage and serve in the capacity stated in any certificate, the distinguishing number of which is set opposite thereto in Column 2:

Provided that, subject to regulations IG and 84, in the case" of Limited Coast-trade and :EUver and Bay Certillco_tes a holde1· slmll not be entitled to serve as Master or Mate outside the geographical limits specified in his certificate.

Column 1. (Distingttishing Number am!

Title of Certificate.)

Foreign-going Certificates. ( l) Extra ]\faster ( 2) Master Ordinary ( 3) First ll'fate

(4) Only Mate

(5) Second Mate

(6) Master (7) First l'd:a te

(8) Only Mate

(9) Second Ma.te (10) Extra IYiaster

(ll) IVIaster

(12) First Mate (13) Only Mate ( 14) Secorid Mate

Fore-and-aft

" (Steamships)

Limited Coast-trade Certificates. (15) Master Sub-Grade A Ordinary (16) Master B

(17) First Mate (18) Mate (19) Second Mate (20) Master (21) Master (22) Fii·sb Mate (23) Master (24) Mate (25) Second Mate (26) Master (27) Mate (28) Master (29) Master (30) First Mate (31) Master (32) Mate (33) Second Mate (34) Master (35) l\fate

A B A A For~:and-aft B A ()

B A D () " A Steamships B A ()

B A D c

Colmnu 2. {Distinguishing Numbers of

Ce:rtH:lt;ates of Lower Grade.)

24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35,

14 and 20 to 44 inclusive 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35,

38, 9, 13,

41, 44 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38,

14, 22, 24, 25, ll, 12, 13, 14,

32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,

39, 40, 41, 42, 13, 14, 28, 29,

41, 42, 43, 44 30, 32, 33, 35, 41, 44 32, 33, 35, 41, 44 33, 35, 41, 44

16 to 44 inclusive 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 29

to 44 inclusive 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44 19, 24, 25, 27, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44 25, 27, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44 21 to 44 inclusive 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 29 to 44. inclusive 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44 24, 25, 26, 27 and 31 to 44 inclusive 25, 27, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44 27, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44 27, 34, 35 and 36 to 44 inclusive 35, 38, 41, 44 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 32, 33, 35, 41, 44

40, 41, 42, 43, 44 41, 42, 43, 44

32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 33, 35,41,44 35, 41, 44 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44

,41, 44

River J\!Iaster Master Mate Master Master Mate Master Master under

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

SOIIEDULE !I.-continued.

43,44 44

Mate Sub-Gmde C Steamships

THE THIRD SCHEDULE. Regulation 30.

THE SIGHT TESTS.

DETAILS AS TO TTIE CONDUCT OF THE TESTS.

These tests must be conducted under the strict personal supervision of the Examiner. A careful record must be kept of all mistakes made by the candidate both in the Letter test and in the Lantern test.

Each Examiner must keep a record of aU candidates passed by him for reference when requiTed.

Speotaoles not Allowed.-During the examinations in the sight tests candidates must not be allowed to use spectacles OT glasses of any kind, or any other artificial aid to vision.

I.-li!l:TTER TEST.

L Letter Test to be Passed First.-The :first test which the candidate i~ required to undergo is the letter test, and until he has passed this test he must not be allowed to proceed further with the examination.

2. Apparattis Used.-The letter test to be used for all candidates is that conducted on Snellen's principle by means of sheets of letters.

3. Object of the Test.-The object of the letter test is to determine whether the candidate can reach a sufficient standard of visual acuteness, or, in other words, to find out whether his eyesight is good or bad.

4. Standard of Vision Reqttired.~Every candidate for competency will be required to possess nonnal vision. indicated in paragraph 7, every candidate for a second will be required to possess normal vision.

a first certificate of With the exception or higher certificate

" Normal vision " means ability to read correctly nine of the twelve letters in the sixth line and eight of the fifteen letters in the seventh line of a test sheet placed in a good light at a distance of 16 feet from the eye.

" Half normal vision " means ability to read correctly at least :five of the eight letters in the :fifth line of the test sheet.

The candidate will have the option of using either eye separately or both eyes together.

5. Method of 'l'esting.-The test sheets should be hung on the wall, in a good light, but not in direct sunlight, at a height of :five or six feet from the ground. The candidate should be placed at a distanee of exactly HI feet from the sheets, and exactly opposite them. This distance should be carefully measured, and should never in any circumstances be varied.

One of the sheets should then be exposed, and the candidate should be asked to re~A. the letters on each sheet, beginning at the top and going downwards. Any mistakes which he makes should be carefully noted. If then it is found that he has read conectly at least nine letters in the sixth line and eight letters

JIJ. asters and

ScHEDULE III.-continued,

in the se1renth line of and should be

the canclidv.te may be

(lVl. & :M:.-B. or or 111ailtvre.-If at the required

)) :in the considered to have normal

column of the form be). the candidate is

the Exan1iner should pToceed reach the standard for the certificate entered for, he should 'Nith [\,t least foul' and the Exanliner should fill in a and sl1ould fortvard it any Ten'lrt,rks he \Yish to Exan'liner for his instructions "'as to ·whether candidate passing or as failing i11 the letter test.

Failure to pass the letter test is due to some defect in form has been found that such defects are sometimes curable. VVheneve1·, a candidate fails to pass this test the Examiner should e.clvise him to

Solid

to

an op:hthaln"lic snrgeoll ·with a vievv to ascertaining '\Vhat is the nature of the defect in his form and ·whether it is curable.

7. Lower FJtancla1·d in Oertah! Otwes.-Candidates who axe in possession of cextificates before lst January, 1914, may be as passing in the letter test if they can read correctly with both eyes five of the eight letters in the fifth line of a test sheet.

8. Te~is to be Va,·ied.-The Bxaminer Bhould take care, by varying the order of the test sheets and by every other means in his power, to guard against thG possibility of any deception on the part of the candidate.

9. R;esuU of E.t:a·m·inrtt,io1~ to be lleported.-The results of every examination in the letter test should be reported, in the case of a candidate for a certificootB of competency, to the Director on FoTm M. & NI.-E., and to the Examiner on Form 1\il. & IvL-FF., aml, in the case of a candidate for the tests only, to tl1e Director on :Form M. & IVI.-C.

II.-LANTEIIN TEST.

10. Appan£lus.-A special ]RnteTn and a mirror have been pTovided for this test. The lantern should be placed directly in front of the mirror, so that the front part of the lanteTn is exacly ten feet from the mirror. Care should be taken that the lantern is properly ph'cced, that is to say, the lights Teflected in the mirror must show cleaTly when viewed from the position of the candidate on the left of the lantern. The Examiner should always satisfy himself that thesij conditions are fulfilled before commencing the examination.

ll. !JarTcness is essential that a. candidate should be in a T.Oorn which is dm·kened for at least a of an hoU?· before he test.

Befor.e the examination commences the Examiner must satisfy himself that the room iu which it is conducted is so darkened as to exclude all' daylight.

12. Method of 'I'eoting.-Thc lantern supplied for the examination is so con­structed as to allow one large or hw small lights to be visible, and is fitted with twelve glasses of three colours-red, white and green. At the commence· ment of the examination the Examiner should show to the candidate a seTies of lights through the large aperture, and should require nim to name the colours as they appear to him. c~ne slwulct be taken in showing the white light to emphasize the fact that this light is not a pure white. If R candidate makes a mistake of ccclling this light "red", a proper red light should be shown immediately after and the candidate's attention directed to the difference between the two.

Affer a series of lights through the h\rge aperture has been shown, the Examiner should make a complete ciTcuit with the two small apertures, requiring the candidate to name the colours of each set of two lights from left to right. To prevent any possibility of the order in which the lights are arranged from being learnt, the Examiner should at ler,st twice in each circuit go back a varying number of colours.

A record of any mistakes made with either the large aperture or the tv,'O smaller apertures should be kept on Form J'\'I. & M.-CC., in accordance with the instructions thereon. In all such cases the mistakes made by a candidate in tho letter test should also be recorded on the form.

13. Passing 01· Ji'a.ilu1·e.-If a candidate with either the large aperture or the two smaller apertures of the lantern mistakes red for green or q-reen for red, he should be considered to have "failed" in the la.ntern test.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

SCHEDULE IlL-continued. If tho only mistake made by the candidate with the lantern is to call the

white light "red", and if after his attention has been specially directetl to the difference between the two he makes no further mistake of this nature, he should be considered to have passed in the lantern test.

If a candidate makes any other mistake with the lantern, i.e., if he calls white "red" repeatedly or red "white" at all, or confuses green and white, his case should be submitted to the Principal Examiner, and he should be told that the decision as to whether he is passed or failed, or a further examination is necessary will be communicated to him in due course. Pending the receipt of the Principal Examiner's instructions, such e. candidate should only be allowed to proceed with the remainder of the examination for a Certificate of Com­petency on the express understanding that the latter examination will be cancelled in the event of failure in the Sight Tests.

14. Further Examina,tion and Appeals.-If in the cases covered by the pre· ceding paragraph, the Principal Examiner decides that a further examination is necessary, arrangements will be made for a special examination. (Sea regulation 30. )

If, however, on the report of the local Examiner, the Principal Examiner decides that the nature of the mistakes made shows conclusively that a candidate's sight is so defective as to render him unf1t to hold a certificate, the candidate shall be considered to have failed.

In cases where, upon the report of the local Examiner, a candidate is failed by the Principal Examiner, as well as in the cases covered by paragraph 13, the Director will be prepared to allow a candidate who is dissatisfied with this decision to appeal for a special examination, subject to the conditions set out in regulation 30.

III.-REPORTS.

15. The result of every test slJOuld be reported to the Director on the Form M. & M.-B., and to the Principal Examiner on the Form lVl. & M.-FF., when the candidate is up for examination for a certificate of competency; and to the Director on Form M. & M.-C. when the candidate is up for examination in the sight tests only.

All cases of failure should also be Teported to the Principal Examiner on Form III. & Jlil.-CC., containing the record of any mistakes made with the lantern.

Every report relating to such an examination must be signed by the Examiner who cond1wted the exa-mination.

Regulation 4.

Place.

Sydney

Melbourne Brisbane

Adelaide

Any of above ports

APPENDIX A.

PLACES AND TIMES OF EXAMINATION.

Highest Grade lggued.

All grades

Master, foreign-going Master, foreign· going

Master, foreign-going

Sight Test ..

Day.

Every Monday (see footnote re Extra Master's examination)

Every Monday First, third and fifth Monday in each

month First, third and fiJ'th Monday in each

month Every Saturday

The- examination for Extra Master will be held at Sydney only during the last full week in January, April, July and October.

Examinations will be discontinued on the Monday nearest to the 15th December in each year, and will be resumed on the fourth Monday following.

N.B.-The days of examination in above table are liable to alteration without notice, ancl candidates are advised to ascertain the actual date of examination when making application for examination at the Mercantile Jilarine Office.

Navigation (Examination of 1l1~asters and Mates) Regulations.

APPENDIX B. Regulations 31-41.

TABLE SHOWING THE REQUIREMENTS AS TO SEA SERVICE NECESSARY TO QUALIFY FOR EXAMINATION FOR FOREIGN-GOfNG CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY.

In the following tables the letter F is used as denoting service in foreign­going ships, and C as denoting service in limited coast trade ships.

It must be clearly understood that the amount of service laid down in the Regulations for each grade of Certificate of Competency is the minimum that can be accepted, and unless a candidate can show the full amount he must in no case be allowed up for examination.

Rank. I Officer's Service in Merchant Vessels.

(Years). Lowest Certifioate Mi~~~m T~!:~i~~: I I -----r-----1----- Years. J,owest Capaeity. reqnired.t

Second Mate

First Mate

Master ..

E:dm Maater

ORDINARY CERTIFICATES FOR FOREIGN-GOING SHIPS.

20

21t

23

4F or 6C

5;}F or 8l;C

7F or lOtC

2l;

No officer"s service required . ~ None

Third or Fourth Mate in Foreign Second Mate Foreign· tra.de in charqe of 'loalch going

Or First ,·or Only Mate in Limited Second Mate Foreign-

Coast Trade going Or

Third l\Iate in charge of watch in Second l\Iate Foreign· Limited Coast-t,rade going

(Provided that if hi.s service was as Second or Third JJ:l ate he will be required to prove that the len_qth of the voyage between terminal ports u•as not less than 500 miles.)

First Mate in Foreign Trade . . First Mate Foreign--going

Or 2 Second Mate in Foreign trade . . First, Mate Foreign·

going Or

2} Third l\Iate in Foreign trade . • First Mate Forelgn·

2l;

Or Master in Limited Coast-trade

Sub-grade A

Or

going

Second ]\_fate Foreign­going, or Master Sub-grade A, Limited Coast-trade, for one year of such service

First Mate In Limited Coast- First Mate Foreign· , trade going

Or-Second Mate in Limited Coast· First Mate Foreign·

trade, not less than 500 milea going between terminal portet

Or Third Mate in Limited Coast- First Mate Foreign-

trade, not less than 500 miles going between terminal po:rt9!

Same as Master

• See regs. 3 (Definitions) and 116. t See regulation 121. $ A complete statement of the voyages, verified by the master or owner, must accompany :form of application.

The distance of 500 miles between terminal ports referred to in regulations 36 and 39, and in Appendix B, is the distance as given in the Admiralty Distance Tables. In a case of any distance not contained therein, the distance is to be calculated in a similar manner to that of the Admiralty Distance Tables.

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

APPENDIX C. Regulations 48-98. TABLE SHOWING THE REQUIREMENTS AS TO SEA SERVICE NECESSARY

TO QUALIFY FOR LIMITED COAST-TRADE AND RIVER AND BAY OERTIFICA'fES.

( l)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

NrOTE.

For an Ordinary CertHlcate, at }cast one yea,r of the t0hd sea servic<.~ must 1utYe been perforn1ed in a square-rigged sailing 'lessel.

For a Fore-and-aft Certificrcte, at least one year of the total se& ser';ic.e must lu=.tYe been pcrfor1ned in a ,_ vessel.

For a Rive1· and Bay Certificate as JYiaster, at one yeo.r of the total service required must have been performed in the particular River and Bay Trade for which the certificate is desired.

The Certificates requi1·ed to be held to qualify candidates for examina-tion be either the Ordinary Certificates, or those for FoTe-and-aft OT for Steamships.

The service required to qualify candidates for examination may h~vc been performed in any vessel in which the certificate held entitles the candidate to serve.

Min!· Officer's Service In Merchant Vessels.

Rank. Mini- ~~~ mum 8 Age. Ser~tce I

----------- ___ (Years). Years. ___ Lowest ~apa"city. Lowest Certificate

llcquired.

ORDINARY, OR FORE·AND·AFT, OR STEAMSHIP CERTIFICATES, LIMITED COAST TRADE

Mate Sub-grade C 19 3 Master D 20 4 Second Mate A 19 3 J\bte B 20 4 Master C 21 4

First Mate

M:aster

Master

A

B

A

20

22

23

4

5

No officer's ser'lice required

Jtrate, limited coast trade ..

Second or Tbjrd M:ate, limited coast trade

Same as First Mate, Sub~ grade A

First Mate, limited coast trade

or, Second M:atc, llmited coast

trade and in addition

Second or Third Mate, limited coast trade

None

Mate, Sub-grade C; L.C.T.

Second Mate, Sub· grade A ; limited coast trade

First l\Iate, Sub-grade A ; limited coast trade

First Mate, Sub-grade A ; limited coast trade

Second Mate, Sub· grade A; limited coast trade

FORE·AND·AFT, OR STEAMSHIP CERTIFICATES, RIVER AND BAY TRADE. Mate Sub-grade C 18 2 No officer's service required I None Master Sub-grade C, 19 3 l\1ate or Bar~e Th'Iaster None

under 50 tons net register Master Sub-grade C 19 3 Mate Mate, Sub-grade 0,

River and Bay OJ'

2 Barge Mast.er on River None Murray

M11te A 18 3 No officer's service required None Master B 19 4 No officer's service reqnired None Master A 20 4 Mate, River and Bay trade 1\fate, Sub-grade A,

River and Bay

Al;PENDIX D. Hegulation 21 (b).

EXAMINATION IN SIGNALLING. The examination in Signalling, in all cases in which it is required for a

certificate of competency, will consist of an exo.mination in the International Code, the Allied i3ignal Manual, Morse Flashing and Semaphore.

The examination in Signalling should in all cases and for all grades consist of an examination in the International Code, the Allied Signal Manual, Morse Flashing and Semaphore.

M ctsters and

Tt~:ternu,t'ioncd Oode.~Examinel's are reco1nmeuded to frame the exa1uL:w .. tio21 in the International Code of Signals, upon the instructions and illustrations give11 at tbe coinn.tencement of Parts I. and II. of the Signal Book. The inforr.:w." tion there given will be found sufficient to indicate all the characteristics of th'~ Code.

By the forril of the hoist, au ohDer\Ter caa at sight understand the naturH of any signal he sees flyi11g; the examination should, therefore, t-end to elicit a clear of rtll the distincti-ve features of the Code.

\Vit}l this iu -,rie-..v, the Exa1niners should question the can(lidates ag to the distinguisl1ing forms of the re1:3pcctive hoists> 1vh.ich will be h:rdUcated ,~ccording as a burget\ a or &, square fiag is uppel'luosL, and also vd.th regard to the number flags, and the position of the Code flag when used in the hoist; making the 1, 2, 3 and 4 flag signals with the il.ags supplied for tlie purpose, and varymg the signals made, showing 2 and 3 flag sigmlds, with and without the Code flag included, or a Geographical or a Vocabulary slgnalJ tl1e nanH~ ot a rnerchant ship or of a ship of vvar.

As the two lr.tter signals would not be found in the Signal Book, the candidate shoulJ. know wl1ere to find them and J10w to look them out.

The candidate should-{ a,} Be able to read a signal at sight, so far as to n::nne the flags

coru:;osing t.ne J1oist. (b) l>:now the use of the Code pennant and of the pennants C and D,

"Yes" and "No,'·' also of the two burgees A and Il, and the flags i:i a1ld T', and the flags used to indicate cholera, piague,

on board, and the quar,wtine flag. (c) to signal some word or \Yords not included itl the

OT the Code either by letters or lJy the Spelling Table o"· both.

(d) Ewve a knowlectge of tbe Dbtant and of their object, and the different modes of

(e) I~now tbc spec1al ~Iorse certain letters a::: gi;:en on pnge 551.

(f) Have a uoocl of the Distress .pen~:df:y; ·whicH

The International Code 1s rtsed on board His adopted all tJw Principal l\iaritime Powe<·s

has beer: as ~~,·ell n ;.1

merchant

OJ~ of t.o rnake or re~.~d fron1 Candidat.es need not he e_:qJ2CtDd 1n~t there should be no hesitation whateYc-r 2u 1nakhjg or readLDg a.

should also k:no1v l1o1v to recog·nize n.ny of the Sperial Signals 1 n i:J1ied Signal J1ianua1.

Ccu1didates \\·c·~·cls 1niuut;: in 1\lorse fiaBhing

In the ordinary exa111ination, \Vill be cai1didP"te i;:;; ~~)ven n test card a:nd a ~~.s::r::J,phnn; a,

exan1ina­\Yil1 he required to atti-lin

and 10 \VordB a :;_nin rrtG being taken as 5 ]etters). be required to attain a speed of

2" minute in Semaphore. sufficient if in Morse

in

In. the Extra the test

the -ro1uuts.ry t-xarnination in sig:nalling, rn.e,ssage of 50 l.Vords.

Le a test nH~ssage (see .L'Ulied SignEd_ l¥1anu:~-l) ~ of 25 ·v·l'"ords.

a degree of each 1net11od,

flashing -to make a test message, followed by a E::nunine:r should then rnake a test 1nessage, 25 vvo2·Js to be rsD.d by the ca.ndid~tte.

:reouh-ed m~8se.ge of 25 wo:rds. ~ The

by a spelling mess.age

NAVIGATION (SEA)-

APPENDIX D-continued.

The same procedure must be observed in the Semaphore examination, except that. CJ.s a test is not given, the candidate will be required to make a

words and then to read a message of 50 words made by the Examiner. semaphore messages may be made either by hand flags or mechanical Semaphore, or both, at the discretion of the Examiner.

Iu the J\iorr;c flashing exa111iuation, n1arks Tdll be allotted for the test Inessage in the propmtion of 50/73 of a mark for each correct letter (sec table at baelc of test cards), and for the spelling message 2 marks for each correct word or group of figures. The candidate must for a pass gain an aggregate of at least 90 cenf. of the maximum marks in both spelling and test messages.

the Semaphore cxami1mtion 2 mR,rks will be allotted for each correct word and 90 per cent. of the maximum must be obtained for a pass.

'l'hc spelling message is left to the discretion of the examiner, and may be a passage from any book or newspape1· in English. ·when the passage contains figures and the candidate does not choose to spell them out, the examiner should see thrrt the proper s]gns are 1nadc before and after the ligures.

The message as read by the candidate should be taken down by another candidate where possible, otherwise by a clerk, or other person according aG the examiner may deem expedient.

Candidates should be thoroughly tested in the various signs and the procedure of calling up, sending and answering a signal, as laid down in the Allied Signal l'\Iauual, ~mel this course should always he strictly adhered to.

Particular attention should be paid by examiners to the accurate spacing of the Morse signs, and to the intervals between letters and words, and also to the correct making of the Semaphore signs·. Any attempted increase of speed at the expense of accuTacy should be discouraged.

The block JetieT test and spelling message as read hy the candidate should be forwarded on the Form l\-1. & M.-Y, together with the percentage of marks allotted and report on the Form M. & M.-Z, to the Principal Examiner, with any remarks the examiner may ha,ve to add with respect to the examination.

Note.-The International Code of Signals, with the Signal Letters of British Ships, is prepared by tloe Rcg;istrar-General of Shipping and Seamen, and may be obtained of the publishers, l1Iessrs. Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co., 1, New Street Square, London, E.C.4, and the principal booksellers at the various ports, price 25s.

The Official Mercantile Navv List and ::Yiaritime Directory may be obtained in like n1a11uer J price 25s. "

The Allied Signal :Manual may be obtained through ;my bookseller, or directly frc,m H.J\!I. Stationery Office, price ls.

APPENDIX E. Regu1atio:n 9.

CERTIFICATE OF WATCHKEEPING SERVlCE.

]'OR A FIRST li1ATE'S CERTIFICATE.

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT 1\:'Ir . ................................ has served on the SS. . . . . . . . . from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to ................. . in the capacity of "(lst) (2nd) (3rd) vVatchkeeping Officer. During this time Mr ........................... was an Officer in effective charge of a watch for eight hOlcrs out of every twenty-four hours at sea.

\'Vatches >vere not doubled at any time during the voyaget \Vatches were doubled between th-e following drrtes ................... .

. . . . . . . . . , ............ and during this time Mr ....................... seTYed as the *senior f < B · l " · Offi < i~.mior o LWO nc ge ~l..eepmg cers.,:

An ei,tr;i to this effect has been made in the Mate's log.

Signature of Master ....................... .

• Strike out the words which do not apply. t Strike out thia paragraph if watches were doubled at any time during the voyage. t Strike out this paragraph If watches were not doubled at any time during the voyage.

Navigation (Examination of }J.asters and Mates) Regulations.

APPENDIX E-continued. CEHTIFICATE OF WATCHKEEPING SERVICE.

FOR A MASTER'S CERTIFICATE.

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Mr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . has served on the SS. . ............... from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the capacity of *(lst) (2nd) (3rd) Watchkeeping Officer. During this time :vrr.. . ... 1va~ an ofilce1· in sole charge of a Yi'ateh for eight hours out of every twenty-four hours at sea.

Watches were not doubled at any time during the voyage.t

On all occasions on which watches were doubled during the voyage Mr ..................... served as the senior of two Bridge Keeping Officers.:):

An entry to this effect has been made in the Mate's 1og.

Signature of Master ......................... .

• Strike out the words which do not apply. t Strike out this paragraph if watches were doubled at any tlme during the voyage. t Stl"ilre out this paragraph if watches were not doubled at any t!me during the voyage.

APPENDIX F. Regulation 130 ( 4).

APPROVED SCHOOLS OF NAUTICAL TRAINING ON SHORE.

The following iB a list of schools of nautical training (other than the Nautical College, Pangbonrnc-sec regulation 130 ( 4)) which the Board of Trade have approved:-

A.-HESIDENTIAL TRAINING EsTABLISHC>iENTS.

vVallasey, Clwshire :--The Lancashire and National and Sea Training Homes, Withins Lane, Liscard, ,Cheshire.

Half time to count up to a maximum of 6 months.

B.-CADET CoURSES AT JUNIOR TECHNICAL SCHOOLS AND SnrJLAR INSTITUTioSS.

Cardiff :-Smith Junior Nautical School, Cardiff. Hull:-Boulevard Nautical School, Hull. Glasgow :-Royal Technical College, George Street, Glasgow. Greenock :-\VaU J\1emorial School, Dalrymple Street, Greenock. Leith :-IJeith Nautical College, Commercial Street, Leith. J.Jondon:-L.C.C. Sclwol of Engineering and Navigation, Poplar, London, E. Half time to count in each case up to a maximum allowance of six months.

C.-SEJ'iiOR CoURSES IN NAVIGATION.

Aberdeen :-Robert Gordon College, School Hill, Aberdeen. Cardiff :-Cardiff Technical College, Cathay's Park, Cardiff. Dundee :-DundPe Technical College, Bell Street, Dundee. Glasgow:-Royal Technical College, George Street, Glasgow. Leith :-Leith Nautical College, Commercial Street, Leith. Liverpool :--J~iverpool Technical College, Central Technical School, Byrom

Street, Liverpool. London :-L.C.C. School of Engineering and NaYigation, Poplar, London,

E.; King Edward VII. Nautical School, Limehouse, London, E.; Sir John Cass Nautical School, Aldgate, London, E.

Plymouth :-Plymouth Navigation School, Plymouth. South Shields :-Marine School of South Shields, South Shields.

Half time to count in each case up to a maximum allowance of three months.

NAVIGATION

APPENDIX G.

LigT OF CERTIFICATES AS JYIASTER OR MATE ISSUED UNDER ORDER-IN-COUNCIL which are of the same force as those granted by the BoARD oF TRADE.

Regulation 3.

Certificates.

Colony, Date of Original Order-in-Council.

:By whom granted Description.. in Colony. --------

SYiotoria .. ''Marine Board Master; First 30th March, 18 71 4th January, 1870 Mate; Only Mate; Second Mate

Ce.n©,da The Minister of Master; First 19th August, 1871 .. 19th August, 1871 Marine and Mate; Only Fisheries Mate; Second

Mate New Zealand •. Marine Depart~ Master; First 9th August, 1872 •. 1st May, 1872

ment. Mate; Only Mate; Second Mate

South t Department of Master; First 30th August, 1873. 18th June, 1872 Navigation Mate; Second

Mate §South Australia Marine Board Master; First 12th May, 1874 12th May, 1874

Mate; Only Mate; Second Mate

ITasroanla Governor Master; First 12th February, 1878 1st April, 1876 Mate; Only Mate; Second Mate

Bengel Lieutenant- Master; First 27th .Jnne, 1876 27th June, 1876 Governor Mate; Only

I 14th lley, 1877

Mate; Second Mate

Newfoundland Governor Master; First 14th May, 1877 Mate; Only Mate; Second Mate

:Bombay Governor Master; First 11th July, 1877 11th July, 1877 Mate; Only Mate; Second Mate

Queen.oland Marine Board Master; First 26th March, 1878 .. 1st October, 1877 Mate; Second Mate

:Hong K1>ng Governor Master; First 31st December, 1883 1st January, 1884 Mate; Only Mate; Second Mate

Straits Settle- Governor Master; First 1st May, 1890 1st June, 1890 ments Mate; Second

Mate Commonwealth Mlnlster for Master; First 11th October, 1923 1st October, 1923

of Australla Trade and Cue- Mate; Second toms Mate

The Steam Navigation Board was superseded by the Marine Board on the 21st December, 1888. S•• Order-In-Council of 23rd November, 1893. t The Marine Board was superseded by the Department of Navigation on the 17th March, 1900. § The issue of certificates of Imperial validity by the Governments of the separate States of the

Commonwealth of Australia ceased on the 1st October, 1923, the date on which the issue of such esrt.lllcates was undertaken by the Commonwealth Government.

NOTE.-The Orders-in-Council giving Imperial validity to certificates of competency issued in Malta and Mauritius were revoked by an Order-in-Council dated 18th August, 1916.

of Masters and

APPENDIX H. 14{2).

Commonwealth of Austm1i2o.

CEP,TIFICATE OF COJ\fPETENCY.

as

(a) ........... .

To (b) ........................................ ..

l _,cW,~ere~s it 1~as b~en reported to me that you ~a7&1 beex; fo~nd duly w 1 Uc-11 the duties of (a) ...................... m t11e J\:lercnant hereby in of the Navigation Act l!ll2-lll2G grant you this of

Given under the Seal of the Minister for Trade and Customs at ............ . this .................. day of ................ 19 ....... .

By Ordex· of the Minister.

Director of Navigation.

(Back of Form of Certificate.)

Commonwealth of Australi'a.

No of Certificate ................. . Address of Owner ....................................................... . Date and Place of Birth ................................................•. Sign9~ture ............................................................ .

This Certificate is given upon 2.n Examim.tion passed at ............... . the ................... day of ...................... 19 ....... .

Issued at the Port of .................... on the ................... . day of .................... 19 ....... .