Nature and Faune Publication Vol. 26, Issue 1- Forest Sector in the Green Economy in Africa -

7/31/2019 Nature and Faune Publication Vol. 26, Issue 1- Forest Sector in the Green Economy in Africa -

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Nature & Faune,Volume 26, Issue 1

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Enhancing natural resources management for food security in Africa

Volume 26, Issue 1

The forest sector in the green economy in Afr ica

[email protected]:/ / www.fao.org/ afr ica/ publi cati ons/ nature-and-faune-magazine/

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSAccra, Ghana

2011


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BOARD OF REVIEWERS

Advisers: Atse Yapi , Chr istopher Nugent, Fernando Sali nas, Ren Czudek

FAO 2011


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ContentsMessage to Reader s

Maria Helena SemedoEditorial Moustapha Kamal Gueye

Announcements

Special Featur e

Brian Marshall and Olivia Mkumbo

Opinion Piece

Mafa Chipeta 14

Franois Wenclius Articles

Rao Matta 24Monika Bertzky, Val Kapos, Punjanit Leagnavar and Mart ina Otto

Mafa E. Chipeta

Richard Gyimah 39

Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, Richard Ebaa Atyi, Guillaume LescuyerandAndrew Wardell

Antoine Eyebe, Dominique Endamana, Jeffery Sayer, Manuel Ruiz Perez,Agni Boedhihartono, Walters Gretchen, Kenneth Angu Angu and Louis Ngono


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Isreal Borokini 54

Edson Gandiwa

Eunice Njoroge and Muhayimana Janviere

John Waugh

Lateef Akinwumi Folorunso

Vincent Nyirenda, Wilbroad Chansa and Vincent Ziba

Fola Babalola and Abi Ene 82

Country Focus: South Afr icaRonald Heath

FAO Acti vit ies

Ruhiza Jean Boroto Link

Theme and Deadli ne for Next Issue

Guideli nes for Authors, Subscr ipt ion and Correspondence


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Message to Readers

Maria Helena Semedo

Nature & Faune

The forest sectorin the green economy in Afri ca

1 Maria Helena Semedo, Assistant Director-General/ Regional Representative for Africa,Regional Office for Africa, United Nations Foodand Agriculture Organization, P. O. Box GP 1628Accra. Ghana. Tel: (233) 302 675000 ext. 2101/(233) 302 7010 930 ext. 2101; fax: 233 302 668 4272UNEP, 2011, Towar ds a Green Economy:Pathways to Sustainable Development andPoverty Eradication - A Synthesis for PolicyMakers, www.unep.org/ greeneconomy


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Editorial Forests in a green economy t ransi ti on

in Afri ca

Moustapha Kamal Gueye1

1 Acting Head, Green Economy Advisory Services

Unit UNEP Economics and Trade BranchDivision of Technology, Industry and EconomicsUnited Nations Environment Programme15, rue de Milan F-75441 Paris CEDEX 09 FranceTelephone: +33 1 44 37 42 75,Telefax: +33 1 44 37 14 74email: [email protected]: http:/ / www.unep.ch/ etb/http:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/

2World Bank. 2006. Where is the Wealth ofNations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century,The World Bank: Washington, D.C.

Forests represent critical assets toeconomic activi ty and li veli hood in Afr icaAfrican forests account for 23 per cent of thecontinents total land area - close to 675million hectares - and represent about 17 percent of global forest area. Forests provide abasis for livelihoods to people, serve as carbonsinks and stabilize global climate, regulatewater cycles and provide habitats forbiodiversity while hosting a wide variety ofgenetic resources. These various ecosystemfunctions and services make African forests a

vital asset to society and to the national,regional and global economy.

3UNEP (2011): Toward a Green Economy Pathways to Sustainable Development andPoverty Eradication. Available at:http:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/

4FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment,2010 Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 163.Rome, Italy.


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5Vedeld, P., Angelsen, A. Sjaastad, E., andKobugabe Berg, G. (2004) . Counting on theenvironment forest incomes and the rural poor.Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 98,World Bank Environment Department, WorldBank, Washington, D.C.

6FAO. 2010. Op Cit.7Gumbo, D. 2010. Regional review of SFM andpolicy approaches to promote it Sub-SaharanAfrica. Background Paper for the Forests chapter,Green Economy Report.8Nasi, R., Brown, D., Wilkie, D., Bennett, E., Tutin,C., van Tol, G., and Christophersen, T. (2008).Conservat ion and use of wildlife-based resources:the bushmeat crisis. Secretariat of the Conventionon Biological Diversit y, Montreal, and Center forInternat ional Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor,Indonesia.

African forests can and should be animportant driver towards a greeneconomyForests can be a critical driver in a transitionto a green economy when the myriad ofeconomic, social and environmental benefitsthey can deliver are realized. While still at aslow pace, there is growing recognitionamong policy makers and local communitiesof the need to maintain, sustainably use andinvest in forests in order to prevent the loss offorest-based biodiversity and ecosystemgoods and services that support the livelihoodof populations and to enhance their potentialto reduce carbon emissions .

9FAO. 2010. Op. Cit.

10UNEP. 2011. Forests in a Green Economy: ASynthesis. Available at: http:/ / www.unep.


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11 FAO 2010. Op. Cit.12World Travel and Tourism Council. 2009. Traveland Tourism Economic Impact, sub-SaharanAfrica.13Gumbo, D. 2010. Regional review of SFM andpolicy approaches to promote it Sub-SaharanAfrica. Background Paper for the Forests chapter,Green Economy Report.14Tomasell i, I. 2006. Brief study on funding andfinance for forestry and forest-based sector, UnitedNations Forum on Forests.

New policies and initiatives are needed tosustain and enhance the contribution offorests in Afr icaTo enhance the contribution of forests tosociety and economies of Africa governments,

the international community and other actorsneed to scale up initiatives and reformpolicies in order to create incentives tomaintain and invest in forests and to modifyrent-seeking behavior.

15Nellemann, C., E. Corcoran (eds). 2010. DeadPlanet, Living Planet Biodiversity and EcosystemRestoration for Sustainable Development. A RapidResponse Assessment. United NationsEnvironment Programme, GRID-Arendal.


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ANNOUNCEMENTS

THEME: FORESTS AND TREES SERVING

THE PEOPLE OF AFRICA AND THE WORLDOBJECTIVES AND CONGRESS THEMES

Congr ess Themes:

REGISTRATION

FINANCIAL SUPPORT

SUBMISSION OF ABSTRACTS

DEADLINES:

PRE-CONGRESS TRAINING


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Special Featur e

The fisheri es of Lake Victor ia: Past,

present and futur e

Brian E. Marshall1Oliva C. Mkumbo2

Lates niloticus

Brian E. Marshall: Lake Victoria FisheriesOrganization, Plot No. 78/ 7E, Busoga Road

Belle Avenue, P.O. Box 1625. Jinja 256, UgandaTelephone: (+256) 43125000. Fax: (+256)

434123123. Email : [email protected]: [email protected] site: htt p:/ / www.lvfo.org/ index.php,

Oliva C. Mkumbo: Lake Victoria FisheriesOrganization, Plot No. 78/ 7E, Busoga RoadBelle Avenue, P.O. Box 1625. Jinja 256, UgandaTelephone: (+256) 43125000. Fax: (+256)

434123123. Email:[email protected]: [email protected] site:http:/ / www.lvfo.org/ index.php, ,

Early history of the fisher ies Oreochromis esculentus O. variabilis.However,

Oreochromis niloticus


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The impact of Nil e perch

Rastrineobola argentea

Table 1. The propor ti on (%) of major f ish taxa captured in tr awls (1969-71)

and different t ypes of gear (1988-93) in Lake Victori a - Lates niloticus Oreochromis niloticus Rastrineobola argentea

Data from Kudhongania & Cordone (1974) and Ogutu-Ohwayo (1995). The symbol + denotes aproport ion of


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et al

et al

a et al

et al

The present state of the Lake Victoriafisheries


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Table 2. The average annual f ish catch (thousands of t onnes) fr om Lake Victoria, 2005-08

Data from Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation catch assessment survey reports.

et al writes as if thisintroduction were a great success from thestandpoint of fishermen. This is simply wrong.It was very successful from the standpoint of afew wealthy corporations. Most of thefishermen who had subsisted on the lakebefore the introduction of the perch weredriven out of business, with terrible social

consequences

Table 3. Employment in the fisher ies sector around Lake Victori a, pre- and post-Nil e perch

c c

Data for 1978 and 1989 are adapted from Reynolds et al. (1995) while 2008estimates are taken from reports of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation.aReynolds et al. used secondary: primary ratios of two and three in 1978 and 1989but noted that this was a conservative estimate and we have used an estimate ofthree here.bReynolds et al. suggested that each employee supported two dependents but thisseems improbably low and we have used four here. The number of dependants maybe higher than this.


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What of the future: are the fisheriessustainable?


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References

EastAfrican Agricultural and ForestryJournal26

BiologicalConservation33

Transactions of the Royal Society ofSouth Africa55

Animal Biology 58

African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiologyand Fisheries3

The Impact ofSpecies Change in Afr ican Lakes

The Impact of

Species Change in African Lakes

BioScience 55

International Review ofHydrobiology95

Hydrobiologia636

Atlas of our ChangingEnvironment

Proceedings ofthe Royal Society, London 269

Fish and Fisheries10

Neochetina AquaticBotany87

A Guide toWorld Resources: People and Ecosystems,the Fraying Web of Life


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Opinion Piece

Greening the Afr ican forest economy -

Can Afr icas lean earnings fr om forestproducts export s pay for i t?

1 The author ([email protected]) is aretired FAO staff; he is a forester by training butwith a career that also spanned generalagricultural and food secuity policy engagements.2There will be cries that I have ignores non-timberforest products (NTFPs) and services (such astourism) but NTFPs rarely generate incomes ofgreat macro-economic significance; for tourism,the attribution of income due to forest habitat isnot easy to tease out.

Going Green Has a Cost

unchartedwaters,


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Afri cas Forest Economy in Worl dContext

Do Timber Expor ts Earn Enough?

1 All data used are from the 2009 version of t heFAO Forest Products Yearbook, available underFAOSTAT on the internet.


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Table 1: Possibl e Increases in Earnings from Divert ing Logs Cur rently Exported Raw t o Domesti cProcessing i n Afr ica

Total IR Saw/veneer (SV)

logs

% (SV) logs

Increment - over

baseline 0 0 0

Increment - over

baseline

- - 6061

Increment - over

baseline

- - 6453

Increment - over

baseline

- - 14135

1 The reduction of SW and PN import s is not factored in; i t might lead to double counting of benefits.


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Afr icas Chall enging Earnings Situation

With Africa

spending far more than it earns from

forestry, the chances of auto-funding

the routine sector development are

pretty poor, let alone investing

further for sector greening


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The Apparent Major Positive Impact ofProcessing Logs in Afr ica

So What Next?

1 Africa ratios of SV logs are depressed by therelat ively major harvests of pulpwood in SouthAfrica and Swaziland.


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National forest pr ogrammes:Tools for t he green economy in Afr ica

Franois Wencelius1

This paper presents a brief reminder aboutnational forest programmes (nfps) and a brieflook at what the forest sector can contribute

to the green economy. It argues that nfps canbe important tools for the greening of theforestry sector in Afr ica.Key Features of National ForestProgrammes

National sovereignty and countryleadership

1 Franois Wenclius, Senior Forest Policy Adviser,Les Coustires 84160 Lourmarin, FranceEmail: [email protected]

Consistency within and integrationbeyond the forestr y sector.

Participation and partnership


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The Green Economy and the Forestry

Sector

Nfps for the Greening of the ForestrySector

Issues to focus on

Analysis of the forestry sector.

Policy formulation.


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Implementation.

Monitoring and evaluation.

Improvements in Running nfps

Governance, intersectoral cooperation,and leadership.


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Stakeholder part icipati on.


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Articles

The for est sector in the context of

green economy in Afr ica

Rao Matta1

1 Forestry Officer Forestry Department (FO) ForestEconomics andPolicy Division (FOE) Forest Policy Service (FOEP).FAO Headquarters, Rome.Email:[email protected] Extension553462Based on the belief that our biosphere is a closed

system with finite resources and a certaincapacity for self-regulation and self-renewal.The economic system therefore must respect theintegrity of ecosystems and ensures theirresilience.

Effective management of ecologicalassets


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Forest sector in the context of greeneconomy


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Realizing the full potential value offorests and woodlands

1 E.g., cyclic, solar, and safe. Cyclic: Different from

a linear process of resource extraction,manufacture, consumption and disposal to asystem where resource remains in perpetual use.

The way forward


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Bioenergy, REDD+ and the GreenEconomy in Afr ica

Monika Bertzky1, Val Kapos2, Punjanit

Leagnavar3and Martina Otto4

1 Monika Bertzky,Email: [email protected]

2Val Kapos,Email: [email protected]

3Punjanit Leagnavar, Policy Consultant,Energy Branch Division of Technology, Industryand Economics United Nations EnvironmentProgramme 15, rue de MilanF-75441 Paris CEDEX 09 FranceTelephone: +33 1 44 37 14 50

Telefax: +33 1 44 37 14 74Email: [email protected]

4Martina Otto. Head, Policy Unit - Energy BranchDivision of Technology, Industry and EconomicsCoordinator Bioenergy United NationsEnvironment Programme (UNEP).15, rue de Milan 75441 Paris CEDEX 09 France.Telephone: +33 1 44 37 14 50Telefax: +33 1 44 37 14 74Email: [email protected]

Bioenergy and REDD+ in Afr ica


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Dynamics: Bioenergy and REDD+


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REDD+ and bioenergy in a GreenEconomy

et al.

Conclusion


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Reference

Environment and Development Economics

Biofuels andIndirect Land Use Change: A Case forMitigation.

. Green Economy: A Brief ForPolicymakers on the Green Economy andMillennium Development Goals.


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Afr icas for ests and climate change what to do?

Mafa E. Chipeta1

secure funding for a greener forestryeconomy

1Mafa E. Chipetais a retired FAO staff; he is aforester by training but with a career that alsospanned general agricultural and food secuitypolicy engagements.Email: [email protected]

The permanence of cl imate change

We panic notbecause the climate is changing but becausewe are here to see it and to face its effects.Unlike earl ier climate reversals into cold orhot eras, the current global warming ishappening when the world is no longerunder-populated but instead is crowded

M


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with people whose comfort zone as theyknow it is threatened

Climate change and Africas forestry andagriculture

Obviously, with such lowproductivity of cereals, we in Africa aredeforesting our land at 3 to 5 times the ratewe should be causing if our agriculturalproductivity were raised.

It is worth stressing that weare talking of the near future (i.e. thecoming years and decades); in millions ofyears time, it is a matter of indifferencewhether Africa will have become the topagricultural performer that will not saveits forests from threats that are occurringnow and can be worsened by the currentcycle of global warming.

For us in Africa,climate change forestry has far too oftencome to replace rather than to supplementmainstream SFM of the whole resource


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our countr ies must pr iorit ise raisingagricultural productivity in order toarrestfurther clearing, denudation andother reduction of forests, woodlands andother tree cover


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Box 1: Under the Current Global Warming: Africa Will Be Hit Hard

Under the current cycle of temperature change, global mean surface temperature is projected to rise in a range from

1.8C to 4.0C by 2100. Modelling continues on expected changes and impacts, of which a pioneering effort was underthe FAO/IIASA Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) methodology. Examples of some indicative results (all being in the futuretense, being projections) of this and other modelling efforts are given below:

A. On balance:o FAO reports that climate-change impacts are not location-neutral; for example, between 2000 and 2004, around 262

million people were affected by climate-related disasters but of these, 98 percent lived in developing countries.o It appears climate change will favour altitudes where the industrialised countries that currently dominate agricultural

surpluses. Developed countries will largely benefit since cereal productivity is projected to rise in Canada, northernEurope and parts of Russia. In contrast, many of todays poorest developing countries are likely to be negativelyaffected - most severely affected will be sub-Saharan Africa due to its inability to adequately adapt throughnecessary resources or through greater food imports.

o The unequal current patterns will be worsened (most hunger in the developing tropics but most food surpluses inthe developed temperates) access to food will, even more than now, depend on capacity to purchase, not to

produce.o If the developing countries remain dominated (especially in Africa) by low-input/low output farming, the future for

forests and other natural vegetation will be bleak: new land clearing could accelerate even more and destroybiological resources and economically productive vegetation too.

B. Positive:o Global agricultural potential is likely to increase with increases in global average temperature up to about 3C, but

above this is likely to decrease.o Some change may be positive for instance reduced plant water use and CO 2 fertilisation" (CO2 is a limiting factor of

plant growth, increasing CO2 also increases plant yields).o At higher latitudes (i.e. far from the equator) cold climates would benefit from higher temperatures, and new

agricultural land may become available at high latitudes and high elevations there could be significant expansion ofsuitable land with production potential for cereals.

o Chinas (more temperate) rainfed cereal production potential of 360 million tons could increase by 15%.C. Negative:o At lower latitudes (i.e. closer to the equator), especially the seasonally dry tropics, crop yield potential is likely to

decrease for even small global temperature increases, which could increase risk of hunger; there are likely to also bemore frequent droughts and floods.

o About 11% decrease in cultivable rainfed land, with consequent decline in cereal production. Sixty-five developingcountries, representing more than half the developing worlds total population in 1995, will lose about 280 million tonsof potential cereal production valued at US$ 56 billion, equivalent to some 16% of the agricultural gross domesticproduct of these countries in 1995 (if price averages US$ 200 per ton).

o Increase in arid and moisture-stressed lands: in Africa the 1.1 bill ion hectares of land with growing period of less than120 days could, by 2080, expand by about 50 - 90 million hectares - this reduction in the area suitable for agricultureand in length of growing seasons and yield potential, will increase risk of hunger.

o It has been estimated that the aggregate negative impact of climate change on African agricultural output up to the2080-2100 period could be between 15 and 30 percent.

o Sub-Saharan Africas share in the global number of hungry people could rise from 24 percent to between 40 and 50percent, depending on model scenarios. The dependence of developing countries on food imports will increase.

o India (being largely tropical) could lose 125 million tons, equivalent to 18% of its rainfed cereal productiono By 2050 the worlds population will be 34 percent higher than today, with nearly all the increase being in developing

countries. To meet the necessary increase in food production, the use of fertilisers, energy, and greenhouse gasemissions especially of livestock (meat supply) will be considerable.

o If there is diversion of considerable grain to biofuels, there could also be considerable risk to food security.


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An oppor tuni ty for foresters to grasp?

Never let a crisis go to waste

1 Other regions continue to use these fossil fuels tomuch greater degrees than Afr ica; there is aworr ying tendency for Afr ican countr ies to beeasily pressured away from using t heir coal forpower while being encouraged to export it so thatothers can then use it in no less polluting waysthan if it had been burned in Afri ca in the firstplace.

The global danger level is infact negligible Africa has only about

2% of global power generation and soeven if this is multiplied five-fold, thenet global impact wil l be minor

o

o

2With biofuels as next least costly supplements;renewable solar and wind technologies will forlong be so much more expensive in Afr ica aselsewhere, while nuclear is technologically toomuch of a challenge in the region.


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o

Selected reading

Climate change 2000: synthesis report, Global climate change and agriculturalproduction: direct and indirect effects ofchanging hydrological, pedological andplant physiological processes.World Agriculture towards 2015/ 2030:An FAO perspective.Impact of Climate Change, Pests andDiseases on Food Security and PovertyReduction at 31st Climate Change 2007: Climate ChangeImpacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.Summary for Policy Makers (Final draft)

How to Feed the World in 2050


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Agriculture and Environment Challengesof the Twenty-First Century: A StrategicApproach for FAO

Welcoming Remarks by Mrs SebuengChipeta.


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Timber l egalit y defini ti on: Doesconsistency matter for EU FLEGT

par tner countr ies?

Richard Gyimah1

SummaryDemand side timber procurement policiessuch as the EU FLEGT Action Plan couldimpact positively on timber-producingAfrican countries efforts in attaining a green

economy through Voluntary PartnershipAgreement (VPA). Although VPAs have thepotential of ensuring responsible purchasing,there is a need for setting consistentminimum requirements for legal timber.Agreement on such standards could helpcontribute effectively to sustainable forestmanagement in VPA partner countries usingVPA as a trade instrument. The concept forlegal timber definition in VPAs is good andrespect sovereignty issues; however this paperargues that it has a downside of not clearly

setting consistency in the minimumrequirements for legal timber.Introduction

1 Verif ication and Field Audit Manager, ForestryCommission of Ghana. Timber ValidationDepar tment. P.O. Box MB 434, Accra, Ghana.Telephone: (+233) 289115493Mobile: (+233) 246420261 Email: r [email protected];[email protected]

2A plan that was approved by the European UnionCouncil in October 2003 and which aims atsupporting timber producing countries; favouringthe purchase of legally harvested timber; andpromoting sound timber products procurementpolicies and support for private ini tiat ives.3A bilateral trade agreement based on EU FLEGTaction plans that govern trade in legal timberproducts between the EU and producer country.


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consistency as regards common,minimum requirements

Legality Standard Development throughthe EU FLEGT Ini ti ative

Comparati ve Analysis of Ti mber Legalit yElements in Selected VPA PartnerCountries


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Table1: Legali ty Pr inciple / Subject Area used per Voluntary Par tnership Agreement

(VPA) Partner Countr y

:

:


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Observations from some VPA PartnerCountr ies on Legal Timber Defini ti on

Potential Benefits of Adopting ConsistentMinimum Timber Legality Defini ti on


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Recommended Guiding Policy Notes onTimber Legali ty Standards

ReferencesFLEGT Br iefing Notes Series. 2007. Indonesia Forestry Production

Developments Regulation. 2009. P.6/ VI-Set/ 2009 VERIFOR and FAO. 2009.

Volunt ary Partnership Agreement (VPA).2008. VPA Briefing Note. 2010. VPA Briefing Note. 2010.

VPA Briefing Note. 2011.


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Sustainable Forest Managementbased on State Practice in Central

Africa Countries

Samuel Assembe-Mvondo,1 Richard EbaaAtyi,2 Guillaume Lescuyer3 and Andrew

Wardell4

Summary

This piece of writing briefly reviews theinterpretation of the concept of sustainableforest management (SFM) deduced from statepractice in some Central Afr ica countr ies. Thisassessment of SFM practices draws upon theearlier and highly variable definitions ofsustainable development. It demonstratesthat some progress has been made in terms ofthe more nuanced meanings of SFM nowadopted by States in Central Africa. Thisreflects the fact that it is difficult to find agood balance between the three functions

(economic, social and environmental) whichstructure the concept of SFM. Congo Basincountries seek to translate SFM byinstitutionalizing and implementing forestconcessions, protected areas and communityforestry. However, these efforts have beenhindered by some governance shortcomings.Background

1 Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, PhD, Research Fellow,Forests & Governance, CIFOR Centr al Afr icaRegional Office; P.O. Box: 2008, Yaound-Cameroon; email:[email protected] Ebaa Atyi, PhD, Regional Coordinator,CIFOR Central Africa Regional Office;3Guillaume Lescuyer, CIRAD & CIFOR CentralAfrica Regional Office.4Andrew Wardell, PhD, Director of Forests &Governance, CIFOR, Bogor , Indonesia;

inter alia al.

al

al.

I


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Sustainable Forest Management in

Central Afri ca

al.


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al

al

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Concluding remarks

al


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References Grer

autrement les conflits forestiers auCameroun Indigenous and Local Communities andProtected Areas: Towards Equity andPractices for Co-managed Protected Areasand Community Conserved Areas The Forests of Congo Basin:

State of the Forest 2006 International Forestry Review

InternationalForestry Review In

The Politics of the Earth

In ..

World Development Blueprint for a Green Economy Sustainable Development inInternational Law: An Analysis of Key

Environ-Economic Instruments The ForestCertification Handbook World Development


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Community forestr y and thechallenge of al igning wi th Cameroons

green economy

Antoine Eyebe1*, Dominique Endamana2, JeffSayer3, Manuel Ruiz Perez4, Agni Klintuni

Boedhihartono3, Gretchen Walters2, KennethAngu Angu1 and Louis Ngono5

1 Corresponding author. Email:[email protected]; [email protected]/ Centr al African Regional Programme forthe Environment. B.P. 5506, Yaound, Cameroon.2Regional Forest Programme. International Unionfor the Conservation of Nature, Central and West

African Programme, B. P. 5506, Yaound,Cameroun Email :[email protected];[email protected] of Earth and Environmental Sciences,James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870,Australia Email: [email protected];[email protected] Autonoma de Madrid-Spain Dpto.Ecologia, Email : [email protected] Wide fund for Nature- Jengi-Lobl/ TNSBP 134 Yokadouma, Cameroon Email :[email protected]

et al.,

A. Cont r ibut ion of community forestto the green economy

et al


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et al

et al

(Figure 1).


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B. Cur rent and futur e chall enges ofcommunit y forestr y

et al.


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et al

coup dtat

Conclusion


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References http:/ / www.wrm.org.uy/ countr ies/ Cameroon/ Bigombe.html


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Diversity, distr ibut ion and uti li zati onof urban trees in Ibadan metropolis,

southwest Niger ia

Israel Borokini1

SummaryIn a study conducted to assess the diversityand distribution of trees in Ibadan, and their

significance in their respective locations, 62tree species were identified. The identifieduses of the trees include their use as shade,windbreakers, edible fruits, fuelwood,ornamentals/ landscaping, medicinal andfetish among others. The high tree diversityand population were attributed to the treeslocated in solitary and cluster forms indifferent locations within the metropolis, andas a result, Ibadan can be considered a greencity. Owing to the benefits derived from thetrees, majority of the respondents wants the

tree to remain, suggesting peoples positiveresponse towards urban forestry. The paperconcludes with advocating for planting ofindigenous trees rather than exotics.Introduction

Scientific Officer, National Centre for GeneticResources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB),Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria Email:[email protected],Telephone: +2348054506902

Eba Odan

U


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Idi-Ose Ose Adansonia digitata Idi-AyunreAyunre AlbiziaodoratissimaIdi-OroOroIrvingia gabonensis Idi-Osan Osan Citrus Idi-mangoromangoro Mangifera indicaIdi-IshinIshin Blighia sapida

Idi-Araba Araba Ceiba petandra Idi-iroko Iroko Melicia excelsa

Mater ials and Methods

Results

Discussions

Igbo Agala

et al. Milicia excelsa


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Anacardium occidentale, Cocos nucifera,Mangifera indica, Citrus

Spondias mombin

Mangiferaindica, Morinda lucida Azadirachtaindica Meliciaexcelsa Newbouldia laevis

Moringa oleifera

Miliciaexcelsa


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et al.

Moringa oleifera

et al.

References Journal ofBiodiversity and Ecological Sciences


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Journal of

Arboriculture

Journal of EnvironmentalManagement


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Table 1: List of pr ominent t rees wi thi n Ibadan Metr opolis

S/ N Biol ogical name Family Local and common names Uses

Albizia odoratissima

Antiaris africana

Azadirachta indica

Cassia fistul a

Ceiba petandra

Cocos nucifera

Elaeis guineensis

Gliri cidia sepium

Gmelina arborea

Leucaena leucocephala

Mangifera i ndica

Mil icia excelsa

Morinda lucida

Newbouldia laevis

Oxytenanthera abyssinica

Peltophorum pterocarpum

Samanea saman

Spondias mombin

Tabebuia rosea

Tectona grandis

Terminalia catappa

Local names were given in Yoruba language, whi ch is the language spoken by Ibadan people.


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Impor tance of savanna woodlands inrural li veli hoods and wildl ifeconservation in southeastern

Zimbabwe

Edson Gandiwa1

SummaryIncreasing human population, economicchallenges, climate change impacts areintensifying reliance by local communities onsavanna woodlands in tropical regions.Knowledge of the importance and value ofsavanna woodland ecosystems to rurallivelihoods and wildlife conservation istherefore needed to enhance lasting benefitsfrom them. Savanna woodlands are ofeconomic, social and ecological importance insoutheastern Zimbabwe. Recommendations

for conserving woodland resources includethe strengthening of control systems andenhancing community based natural resourcemanagement programmes.Introduction

Edson Gandiwa, Wildlife Ecologist, Scientific

Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Parks andWildli fe Management Authorit y, Private Bag 7003,Chiredzi, ZimbabwePhone: +263 773 490 202;Email: [email protected]

et al.


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Typical ecosystems in southeasternZimbabwe

Colophospermum mopane

et al

e.g.

20 0 20 40 Kilometers

ward boundary

communal land

Gonarezhou National Park

Malipati Safari Area

Chitsa SettlementMalilangwe Conservation Trust

International boundary

Major rivers

Figure 1: LeftLocat ion of t he Gonarezhou National Park and sur rounding ar eas, source: Gandiwa& Zisadza (2010). RightVegetation map of the Gonarezhou National Park, southeasternZimbabwe, source: Sherr y (1977)

Importance of woodland resources insoutheastern Zimbabwe


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Natural resources management inZimbabwe


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Acknowledgements

References


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Urban and per i-ur ban forestr y inKigali , Rwanda

Eunice Njoroge1 and Muhayimana Janviere2

Summary

Urban and peri-urban forestry are importantelements in Kigali City for economic,ecological and social values. To meetresidents demands, suitable tree species areplanted. Although the management of trees isthe mandate of department in charge offorestry and terrestrial ecosystemsmanagement, under the Ministry of NaturalResources, other stakeholders are involved. Inaddition, legal instrument exists to guide theplanning, planting and management of treesand other vegetation in urban areas.

However, pressure to convert green spaces toinfrastructure exist. Though trees arebeneficial for urban residents, they can alsobe dangerous and harmful if they are not welllocated or managed. Therefore, it is essentialto provide technical guidelines for properplanning of urban forests in Kigali City andother peri urban areas for Rwanda.

Introduction

Eunice Njoroge, Ministry of Natural Resources,P.O.BOX 3502, Kigali RwandaEmail: [email protected]

Muhayimana Janviere, Rwanda NaturalResources Author ity, P.O. Box 7518, KigaliRwanda.Email:[email protected]

Urban and Peri-urban ForestDevelopment in Rwanda


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Key players in Urban and Peri-urbanForestry


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Legal Issues in Urban Forestr y

Conclusions

References


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Liber ia forest reformand benefit sharing

J. D. Waugh1

SummaryThe West African state of Liberia has

emerged from a long period of civil strife as avibrant, if fragile, democracy. Liberia hasembarked on a process of decentralizationand empowerment of rural communities. Animportant component of this process is thereform of the forestry sector.

1 John Waugh, Semaphore Inc ConservationStrategies and PlanningPO Box 646, Upperville VA 20185 USA. Tel.:(Google Voice)Email: waugh2k@gmail .com ; Skype: waugh2k

Benefit Shari ng Arrangements

2An Act Adopting the National Forestry ReformLaw of 2006; Communit y Rights Law wit h Respectto Forest Lands3FDA regulat ion 111-10 details the organizationand governance of the NBST


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Chall enges to Benefi t Sharing

1 Economic gain through manipulation of rulesrather than through adding value

Benefi t Shar ing and the Green Economy


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Conclusion and Recommendat ion

References High-value naturalresources and post-conflict peacebuilding,

Sustainability,Science, Practice and Policy

Beyond plunder: Towardsdemocratic governance in Liberia Assessment andrecommendation for a national benefitsharing trust fund

Implementing the NationalBenefit Sharing Trust Fund and socialagreements: Issues and options for buildingcapacity Strengthening Post-Conflict Peacebuilding

through Natural Resource Management,Volume 6: Governance, Natural Resources,and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding.


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Ten years of managing Kenyan topbar hives in south-western Niger ia

Lateef Akinwumi FOLORUNSO1

SummaryBeekeeping (apiculture) is the

maintenance of honey bee colonies,commonly in hives, by humans. Abeekeeper (apiarist) keeps bees in orderto collect honey and other products of thehive (including beeswax, propolis, pollen,and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or toproduce bees for sale to other beekeepers.A location where bees are kept is calledan apiary or bee yard. This submissionthus presents an experience on workingwith the Kenyan Top Bar Hive, factors to

consider before site selection, safety tipsin apiary management and how to test forgood quality honey.

Introduction

1 Department of Wildli fe and FisheriesManagement, University of Ibadan, NigeriaEmail: [email protected] ;GSM:+2348037185335

Lessons Learnt

Cordiamilenii

Cordiamilenii


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Elaeis guineensis


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Acknowledgements

Bibliography


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A review of barr iers to wealthcreation and benefi t shar ing

fr om forest basedgreen economy in Zambia

Vincent R. Nyirenda1, Wilbroad Chansa2and Vincent Ziba3

SummaryExpert knowledge and literature review wereused to identify barriers to effectiveparticipation of rural communities, privatesector and other stakeholders in managementof wood and non-wood forest products inZambia. Traditional and non-traditionalforests occupy approximately 60% ofZambias landmass, which has massivepotential for economic contribution to bothrural and urban communities. Key challenges

and opportunities in wealth creation andbenefit sharing from forest products arediscussed. The conclusion is that enhancingwealth creation and benefit sharing among1 Vincent R. Nyirenda, Executi ve & TechnicalAssistant, Office of the Dir ector General,Zambia Wildl ife Authori ty, Private Bag 1,Chilanga, Zambia. Tel: +260 211 278 683,Cell: +260 977352 035, Fax: +260 211 278 524Email:[email protected]:[email protected]

2Wilbroad C. Chansa, Director of Research,Planning, Information and Veterinary Services,Zambia Wildl ife Authori ty, Private Bag 1,Chilanga, Zambia. Telfax: +260 211 278 365, Cell:+260 975 062 301 Email:[email protected]

3Vincent Ziba, National Coordinator ZambiaCBNRM Forum C/ o WWF Zambia Country officeP.O Box 50511 Lusaka, Zambia. Tel: +260 211250404, Cell: +260 977210382,Email:[email protected]

the rural communities and its key partnersdepend on legal framework reforms, systemsdevelopment, stakeholder formal andinformal relationships and connectedness.

Introduction

et al.

et al. et al. et al. et al.


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Key barr iers

et al.

xpertknowledge and literature review Failure to legit imize forest benefit s

Forest resource ownership

Inappropriate approaches and synergies

to enticing rural communityparti cipation in benefit generation

et al.,


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Reliance on r ights based claims

et al.,

Opportunities

et al. ibid.

Recommendations


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Conclusion

References Nature, wealth andpower: emerging best practice for revitalisingrural Africa

Psychological Bulletin Miombo woodlands: opportunitiesand barriers to sustainable forestmanagement.Lessonsfrom Luangwa: the story of the LuangwaIntegrated Resource Development Project,Zambia.

Ecological Applications

Assessing the potential forproduction, commercialization andmarketing of NWFPs by rural producers inZambia to improve their livelihoods Nature & Faune

Agriculture Systems


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Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa.

Three approaches to resolving

disputes: interests, rights and power. Ingetting disputes resolved. Designing systemsto cut the costs of conflict.

Ivey Business Journal


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Developing rur al communiti es byprotecti ng tr opical forests:

Contr ibut ion of communi ty basedforest management in

Cross-River State, Niger ia

Fola Babalola1 and Abi Ene2

SummaryWanton destruction of forests and itsresources necessitated the introduction ofCommunity Based Forest Management intoCross River State, Nigeria with the primaryfocus of guaranteeing the conservation andprotection of the remaining tropical rainforest of the State. The Cross River StateCommunity Forestry Project (CRSCFP) wasdesigned to incorporate local knowledge intothe projects decision making processes with

the aim that sustainable economic benefitsfrom the natural resource base were securedfor the rural communities. Consequent to thepart icipation of the communit ies in managingforests adjoining to their communities, theywere paid royalties by the state government,which was used to fund various ruraldevelopmental projects. Having benefitedfrom the proceeds of CBFM, the localcommunit ies see forests as their herit age thatcan further benefit from protection andmanagement strategies.

Fola Babalola PhD (Forest Economics), Lecturerand Researcher, Department of Forest ResourcesManagement, University of Il orin, Nigeria. Email :[email protected]: +234-8025487802Researcher, Federal College of Forestry(Jica), Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria.Email:[email protected];Telephone: +234-8131397760

et al.


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Data collection

Resul ts and discussions Irvingea gabonensisElaeis guineensis Borassus

aethiopiumCola nitida


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Fig. 1: Map of the study area showing the study areas


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Table 1: Summary of contributions of CBFM to Community development projects inCross River State, Niger ia

Total 5,257,000 (35,047) 4,128,000 (27,520)

N


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CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

From Conflict to Consensus: Towardsjoint management of natural resources bypastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the zoneof Kishi Beiga, Burkina Faso.

WhosManaging the Commons? Inclusivemanagement for a sustainable future


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Local Actors, Powersand Accountabili ty in AfricanDecentralizations: A Review of Issues.


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COUNTRY FOCUS:South Afr ica

South Afr icas forest sector andthe Green Economy

Mr Ronald N. Heath1 presents his country,South Africa. He reveals that the forest sector

of South Africa has preempted the drive to agreen economy through the implementationof forest certification, and is therefore well-placed to support a national green economystrategy and ensure best possible use of forestand forest products. Mr. Heath goes fur ther todeclare that economic stimulus efforts canonly provide short-term benefits to the forestsector and hence, the government of SouthAfrica is crafting a long-term vision needed toenable it enhance the shift towards a greeneconomy. Following is a short excerpt from

what he shared with Nature & Faune.

Ronald N. Heath, PhD. Department ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Directorate:Policy Research Support Forestry Science,Technology and Innovation [email protected]: +27 12 309 5753Mobile: +27 83 611 6946


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References Forest Policy and Economics

SouthAfrican Journal of Science97


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FAO Activi t ies

A rati onal approach to managing water ,

wetlands and forests towards a greenereconomy for Afr ica

SummaryA methodology under development isproposed for the sustainable exploitation ofwater, wetlands and forests in the context of awatershed and towards a greener economy inAfr ica. If adopted, it will assist in doing thingsbetter, through practical steps.

Africa depends a great deal on theexploitation of its natural resources, includingwater, wetlands and forests. The continent isfaced with population growth, an increasingpressure for economic development, andclimate change that all affect naturalresources. Carrying business as usual willexacerbate the destruction of the continentsecosystems and the loss of the goods andservices that they provide. A rationalapproach could reserve this trend andcontr ibute to a greener economy in Afr ica.

The approach that is presented in this paperis work in progress. It consists of two keysteps comprising (1) a classification ofwetland and forest resources according totheir ecological value, (2) a technical guidefor the gradual exploitation of wetlands andforest resources focusing on maximizing thebenefi ts of a green economy.

1 Ruhiza Jean Boroto. Senior Water ResourcesManagement and Development Officer.FAO Regional Office for Africa.P O Box GP 1628 Accra, Ghana.Email: [email protected]

This methodology is first being developed forwetlands and inland valleys and will be testedon two pilot cases. This paper is part of an

early consultative process, comments andcontributions from readers are thereforewelcome.

Introduction


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A framework for the mainstreaming theconcept of the green economy in water,wetlands and forests exploi tati on

Classify all wetland and forest areas

according to their ecological value.

Implement a technical guideline


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Towards a sustainable exploi tati on plan

Monitor and evaluate

Table 1


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Table 1: Proposed framework for t he gradual exploit ati on of forest and wetland areas

Priority for exploitation Baseline

status:growingpressure

Increased

pressure:-(population/climate) in XX

years(Phase 1)

Increased pressure:

(population/ climate) inXXXX years(Phase 2)

Note: As stated in the guideline above, the decision to exploit will be guided by an economic analysisconsidering expected economic benefit s against or/ and in addition to ecosystem goods and services,

including the intr insic value of forests and wetlands.

Conclusion: a way forward


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ReferencesAgroEcological Investments Management(May 2010).

Blumenfeld, S., Lu, C., Chr istophersen, T.and Coates, D. (2009).

Department of Water Affairs, SouthAfrica (1998).FAO (2008). http:/ / upload.wik imedia.org/ wik ipedia

http:/ / www.wor ldwater forum6.orgHuang, LilyNewsweek

Koohafkan, P. and Altieri, M.A. (2010 Pangani River Basin ManagementProject,http:/ / www.panganibasin.com/ project/ index.html

UNEP

Van Rooyen, A.F. (1998). Vittor et al.

Anopheles Darlingi American Journal ofTropical Medicine and HygieneWorld Water Assessment Programme.(2009).


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Links

Forests in a green economy: A synthesis For the whole review, visit :htt p:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/ ResearchProducts/ tabid/ 4605/ Default .aspxSource: www.unep.org > Green Economy >Research ProductsRedefining our economic systems: Coulda forest be wor th more than a gold mine? Speaker: Jason SohigianFor the link to the article and YouTube videovisit : http:/ / bit.ly/ sohigianSource: Jason Sohigian. Deputy Director,Armenia Tree Project, 65 Main StreetWatertown, MA 02472 USA. Tel: (617) 926-TREE x14. Email: [email protected]: www.armeniat ree.orgForests, Fragil it y and confli ct Overvi ewand case studies ( June 2011)Forests, Fragility and conflict

Authors/ Partners: Emily Harwell (leadconsultant), with Arthur Blundell and

Douglas FarahFor the review, visit:http:/ / www.profor.info/ profor/ knowledge/ forests-fragility-and-conflictHow effective are protected areas inconserving biodiversity? Forests Ecology &Management

Author: Terry Sunderland. Senior Scientist,Center for International Forestry ResearchFor the whole review, visit :

http:/ / www.cifor.org/ online-library/ polex-cifors-blog-for-and-by-forest-policy-expert s/ english/ detail/ article/ 1222/ how-effective-are-protected-areas-in-conserving-biodiversity.htmlSource: CIFOR's Forests Blog: blog.cifor.orgRio+20 - United Nations conference onsustainable development Rio

For further information, please visit:http:/ / www.uncsd2012.org/ rio20/Source: Rio+20 NewsletterAfrican elephants to benefit from new$100 mill ion fund


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For the whole art icle, visit: http:/ / www.ens-newswire.com/ens/ aug2011/ 2011-08-22-01.htmlSource: Environment News Service (ENS)

2011International encyclopedia of medicinalplants volume 1 to 18

Editor in chief:Vijay VermaFor fur ther information, please see:http:/ / www.thebooksplanet.in/ collections/ frontpage/ products/ international-encyclopaedia-of-medicinal-plants-volume-1-to-18Source: The Books Planet[[email protected]]


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Theme and Deadline forNext Issue

Nature &Faune The Forest-Agricultureinterface: a zone for enhancedproductivity?

forest-agricultureinterface

Nature & Faune

Nature & Faune


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'Guidelines for Authors'

Email: natur [email protected] [email protected] g

Deadline for submission of manuscr ipt (s) and other contr ibuti ons is 30th Apri l 2012


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Guideline for authors, Subscr iption and Correspondence

Contact Details:

Nature & Faune


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Enhancing natural resources management for food security in Africa

Volume 26, Issue 1

The forest sector in the green economy in Afr ica

[email protected]:/ / www.fao.org/ afr ica/ publi cati ons/ nature-and-faune-magazine/

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSAccra, Ghana

2011


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BOARD OF REVIEWERS

Advisers: Atse Yapi , Chr istopher Nugent, Fernando Sali nas, Ren Czudek

FAO 2011


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ContentsMessage to Reader s

Maria Helena SemedoEditorial Moustapha Kamal Gueye

Announcements

Special Featur e

Brian Marshall and Olivia Mkumbo

Opinion Piece

Mafa Chipeta 14

Franois Wenclius Articles

Rao Matta 24Monika Bertzky, Val Kapos, Punjanit Leagnavar and Mart ina Otto

Mafa E. Chipeta

Richard Gyimah 39

Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, Richard Ebaa Atyi, Guillaume LescuyerandAndrew Wardell

Antoine Eyebe, Dominique Endamana, Jeffery Sayer, Manuel Ruiz Perez,Agni Boedhihartono, Walters Gretchen, Kenneth Angu Angu and Louis Ngono


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Isreal Borokini 54

Edson Gandiwa

Eunice Njoroge and Muhayimana Janviere

John Waugh

Lateef Akinwumi Folorunso

Vincent Nyirenda, Wilbroad Chansa and Vincent Ziba

Fola Babalola and Abi Ene 82

Country Focus: South Afr icaRonald Heath

FAO Acti vit ies

Ruhiza Jean Boroto Link

Theme and Deadli ne for Next Issue

Guideli nes for Authors, Subscr ipt ion and Correspondence


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Message to Readers

Maria Helena Semedo

Nature & Faune

The forest sectorin the green economy in Afri ca

1 Maria Helena Semedo, Assistant Director-General/ Regional Representative for Africa,Regional Office for Africa, United Nations Foodand Agriculture Organization, P. O. Box GP 1628Accra. Ghana. Tel: (233) 302 675000 ext. 2101/(233) 302 7010 930 ext. 2101; fax: 233 302 668 4272UNEP, 2011, Towar ds a Green Economy:Pathways to Sustainable Development andPoverty Eradication - A Synthesis for PolicyMakers, www.unep.org/ greeneconomy


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Editorial Forests in a green economy t ransi ti on

in Afri ca

Moustapha Kamal Gueye1

1 Acting Head, Green Economy Advisory Services

Unit UNEP Economics and Trade BranchDivision of Technology, Industry and EconomicsUnited Nations Environment Programme15, rue de Milan F-75441 Paris CEDEX 09 FranceTelephone: +33 1 44 37 42 75,Telefax: +33 1 44 37 14 74email: [email protected]: http:/ / www.unep.ch/ etb/http:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/

2World Bank. 2006. Where is the Wealth ofNations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century,The World Bank: Washington, D.C.

Forests represent critical assets toeconomic activi ty and li veli hood in Afr icaAfrican forests account for 23 per cent of thecontinents total land area - close to 675million hectares - and represent about 17 percent of global forest area. Forests provide abasis for livelihoods to people, serve as carbonsinks and stabilize global climate, regulatewater cycles and provide habitats forbiodiversity while hosting a wide variety ofgenetic resources. These various ecosystemfunctions and services make African forests a

vital asset to society and to the national,regional and global economy.

3UNEP (2011): Toward a Green Economy Pathways to Sustainable Development andPoverty Eradication. Available at:http:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/

4FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment,2010 Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 163.Rome, Italy.


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5Vedeld, P., Angelsen, A. Sjaastad, E., andKobugabe Berg, G. (2004) . Counting on theenvironment forest incomes and the rural poor.Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 98,World Bank Environment Department, WorldBank, Washington, D.C.

6FAO. 2010. Op Cit.7Gumbo, D. 2010. Regional review of SFM andpolicy approaches to promote it Sub-SaharanAfrica. Background Paper for the Forests chapter,Green Economy Report.8Nasi, R., Brown, D., Wilkie, D., Bennett, E., Tutin,C., van Tol, G., and Christophersen, T. (2008).Conservat ion and use of wildlife-based resources:the bushmeat crisis. Secretariat of the Conventionon Biological Diversit y, Montreal, and Center forInternat ional Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor,Indonesia.

African forests can and should be animportant driver towards a greeneconomyForests can be a critical driver in a transitionto a green economy when the myriad ofeconomic, social and environmental benefitsthey can deliver are realized. While still at aslow pace, there is growing recognitionamong policy makers and local communitiesof the need to maintain, sustainably use andinvest in forests in order to prevent the loss offorest-based biodiversity and ecosystemgoods and services that support the livelihoodof populations and to enhance their potentialto reduce carbon emissions .

9FAO. 2010. Op. Cit.

10UNEP. 2011. Forests in a Green Economy: ASynthesis. Available at: http:/ / www.unep.


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11 FAO 2010. Op. Cit.12World Travel and Tourism Council. 2009. Traveland Tourism Economic Impact, sub-SaharanAfrica.13Gumbo, D. 2010. Regional review of SFM andpolicy approaches to promote it Sub-SaharanAfrica. Background Paper for the Forests chapter,Green Economy Report.14Tomasell i, I. 2006. Brief study on funding andfinance for forestry and forest-based sector, UnitedNations Forum on Forests.

New policies and initiatives are needed tosustain and enhance the contribution offorests in Afr icaTo enhance the contribution of forests tosociety and economies of Africa governments,

the international community and other actorsneed to scale up initiatives and reformpolicies in order to create incentives tomaintain and invest in forests and to modifyrent-seeking behavior.

15Nellemann, C., E. Corcoran (eds). 2010. DeadPlanet, Living Planet Biodiversity and EcosystemRestoration for Sustainable Development. A RapidResponse Assessment. United NationsEnvironment Programme, GRID-Arendal.


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ANNOUNCEMENTS

THEME: FORESTS AND TREES SERVING

THE PEOPLE OF AFRICA AND THE WORLDOBJECTIVES AND CONGRESS THEMES

Congr ess Themes:

REGISTRATION

FINANCIAL SUPPORT

SUBMISSION OF ABSTRACTS

DEADLINES:

PRE-CONGRESS TRAINING


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Special Featur e

The fisheri es of Lake Victor ia: Past,

present and futur e

Brian E. Marshall1Oliva C. Mkumbo2

Lates niloticus

Brian E. Marshall: Lake Victoria FisheriesOrganization, Plot No. 78/ 7E, Busoga Road

Belle Avenue, P.O. Box 1625. Jinja 256, UgandaTelephone: (+256) 43125000. Fax: (+256)

434123123. Email : [email protected]: [email protected] site: htt p:/ / www.lvfo.org/ index.php,

Oliva C. Mkumbo: Lake Victoria FisheriesOrganization, Plot No. 78/ 7E, Busoga RoadBelle Avenue, P.O. Box 1625. Jinja 256, UgandaTelephone: (+256) 43125000. Fax: (+256)

434123123. Email:[email protected]: [email protected] site:http:/ / www.lvfo.org/ index.php, ,

Early history of the fisher ies Oreochromis esculentus O. variabilis.However,

Oreochromis niloticus


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The impact of Nil e perch

Rastrineobola argentea

Table 1. The propor ti on (%) of major f ish taxa captured in tr awls (1969-71)

and different t ypes of gear (1988-93) in Lake Victori a - Lates niloticus Oreochromis niloticus Rastrineobola argentea

Data from Kudhongania & Cordone (1974) and Ogutu-Ohwayo (1995). The symbol + denotes aproport ion of


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Documents

Nature and Faune Publication Vol. 26, Issue 1- Forest Sector in the Green Economy in Africa -