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MJB amp A
A Natural Gas Distribution Perspective on RNG Panel 2 RNG Policy and Market Forces September 26 2017
Brian Jones Senior Vice President MJ Bradley amp Associates bjonesmjbradleycom
Pye Russell Policy Analyst MJ Bradley amp associates prussellmjbradleycom
MJB P A
Economy-Wide State GHG Reduction Goals Achieving deep decarbonization goals will require reductions from end use combustion associated with delivered fuels and natural gas supplied by utilities
50
50
75
80 80
75 (2000)
60 80 (2006)
80
80 (2001)
75-80 (2003)
80
75
80
80
80 (2005)
80 1Unless noted in parentheses GHG reduction targets are below 1990 emission levels 2Refers to Arizonarsquos 2040 GHG reduction target
502
(2000)
State 2050 GHG Reduction Targets
2
MJB P A
Decarbonization Analyses
Several state and national studies identify the key strategies for economy-wide decarbonization
bull Energy Efficiency - Energy intensity of GDP must decline by 70 to 2050 (Nationally)
bull Decarbonized electricity - Near complete decarbonization of electricity
bull Fuel switching ndash Electrification where possible
bull Decarbonize fuels ndash Liquid and gas
3
Manufacturing Commercial Bu ii dings Residential
MJB P A
bull Other
bull Office Equipment
bull Computing
bull Cooking
bull Lighting
Refrigeration
bull Water Heating
bull Space Heating
Processes
bull Boilers
bull Other Process Heat
Share of Natural Gas End Use by Sector
2016 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector amp End Use
trillion cubic feet
Source US EIA Annual Energy Review (May 2017) US Natural Gas Consumption by End Use MJBampA analysis to apportion shares by end use based on available data (2010 RECs for Residential 2010 MECS for Industrial and 2012 CBECs for Commercial Buildings)
4
MJB P A
LDC Challenges and Opportunities
RNG allows LDCs to use existing natural gas distribution system to deliver a renewable fuel and decarbonize the fuel supplied to customers
Challenges Potential Solutions
bull Upfront capital costs gas processing interconnection pipeline laterals
bull Utilities subject to least-cost requirements
bull Lack of gas quality standards creates uncertainty for both developers and utilities
bull Availability of RNG supply in a given state or region
bull Voluntary RNG customer offerings bull FortisBC DTE Energy Vermont Gas
bull Direct contracting to large end users bull Corporations and institutions with sustainability goals
bull Renewable Thermal Collaborative bull Renewable Gas Standards ndash following Renewable Portfolio Standards
bull State policy action bull Interconnectiongas quality standards
bull Funding mechanisms bull Regulator consideration of climateeconomic benefit of RNG investment
5
MJB amp A MJ Bradley amp Associates LLC
Concord MA Headquarters
47 Junction Square Drive Concord MA 02145 USA T +1 978 369 5533 F +1 978 369 7712
Washington DC
1225 Eye Street NW Suite 200 Washington DC 20005 USA T +1 202 525 5770
For more information visit wwwmjbradleycom
6
MJB P A
About Us MJ Bradley amp Associates (ldquoMJBampArdquo) is an internationally recognized consulting firm with an 21-yeartrack record advising industry NGOs and government agencies on environmental and energy policytechnology and implementation
Our staff has professional experience from public private sector and non-governmental organizationsand advanced degrees in law engineering finance policy and environmental science
Key areas of focus and expertise bull Power Sector bull Oil and Gas Industry bull Transportation and Electric Vehicle Technology and Policy bull Engineering and Technical Services
We apply our skills to help clients with issues including bull Market implications of emerging laws and regulations bull Market entry strategies for emerging technologies bull Investment strategies for environmental markets bull Investment due diligence bull Stakeholder coalitions on long-term energy sector strategy bull Tracking state regional and federal energy and environmental initiatives
7
-E conEdison = Exelon
~ nationalgrid rtilDom1n1on
11c11110 r1s here The power of action
NewYorkPower Authority
~ Seattle City Light
cip
NEXTera-E~
tic LPINE0 -
Los Angeles Department of Water amp Power
BAE SYSTEMS ~ Massachusetts Bay ~ Transportation Authority
MJB P A
[ CSX ] How tomorrow moves
bullbull bullbull
NESCAUM
O cENTER ~ NEW ENERGY ECONOMY
CLEANAIR) TASK FORCE
WOR
(t ceres
EDF-ENVlAONMENTA~ DEFENSE FUND
Findng1hewaysthat w0fk
Ritilf RC F I NTl ru r E
GEORGETOWN CL MATE G NTER
ENERGY FOUNDATION hlild ng a new ner~ lut1Jre
Barr Foundation
merck family fund pr llC1~ l111 pahorJbull11~ru-l bull atr11t1llw11uia Jbull ori_IOlAUJlt
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Representative Clients Our clients are multi-national in scope and include energy and clean technology firms environmental groups transportation companies and government agencies
Energy Sector Clients
Municipal and Government Clients
Think Tanks Policy Institutes amp Advocacy
Group Clients
Foundations
Transportation Sector Clients
8
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
MJB P A
Economy-Wide State GHG Reduction Goals Achieving deep decarbonization goals will require reductions from end use combustion associated with delivered fuels and natural gas supplied by utilities
50
50
75
80 80
75 (2000)
60 80 (2006)
80
80 (2001)
75-80 (2003)
80
75
80
80
80 (2005)
80 1Unless noted in parentheses GHG reduction targets are below 1990 emission levels 2Refers to Arizonarsquos 2040 GHG reduction target
502
(2000)
State 2050 GHG Reduction Targets
2
MJB P A
Decarbonization Analyses
Several state and national studies identify the key strategies for economy-wide decarbonization
bull Energy Efficiency - Energy intensity of GDP must decline by 70 to 2050 (Nationally)
bull Decarbonized electricity - Near complete decarbonization of electricity
bull Fuel switching ndash Electrification where possible
bull Decarbonize fuels ndash Liquid and gas
3
Manufacturing Commercial Bu ii dings Residential
MJB P A
bull Other
bull Office Equipment
bull Computing
bull Cooking
bull Lighting
Refrigeration
bull Water Heating
bull Space Heating
Processes
bull Boilers
bull Other Process Heat
Share of Natural Gas End Use by Sector
2016 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector amp End Use
trillion cubic feet
Source US EIA Annual Energy Review (May 2017) US Natural Gas Consumption by End Use MJBampA analysis to apportion shares by end use based on available data (2010 RECs for Residential 2010 MECS for Industrial and 2012 CBECs for Commercial Buildings)
4
MJB P A
LDC Challenges and Opportunities
RNG allows LDCs to use existing natural gas distribution system to deliver a renewable fuel and decarbonize the fuel supplied to customers
Challenges Potential Solutions
bull Upfront capital costs gas processing interconnection pipeline laterals
bull Utilities subject to least-cost requirements
bull Lack of gas quality standards creates uncertainty for both developers and utilities
bull Availability of RNG supply in a given state or region
bull Voluntary RNG customer offerings bull FortisBC DTE Energy Vermont Gas
bull Direct contracting to large end users bull Corporations and institutions with sustainability goals
bull Renewable Thermal Collaborative bull Renewable Gas Standards ndash following Renewable Portfolio Standards
bull State policy action bull Interconnectiongas quality standards
bull Funding mechanisms bull Regulator consideration of climateeconomic benefit of RNG investment
5
MJB amp A MJ Bradley amp Associates LLC
Concord MA Headquarters
47 Junction Square Drive Concord MA 02145 USA T +1 978 369 5533 F +1 978 369 7712
Washington DC
1225 Eye Street NW Suite 200 Washington DC 20005 USA T +1 202 525 5770
For more information visit wwwmjbradleycom
6
MJB P A
About Us MJ Bradley amp Associates (ldquoMJBampArdquo) is an internationally recognized consulting firm with an 21-yeartrack record advising industry NGOs and government agencies on environmental and energy policytechnology and implementation
Our staff has professional experience from public private sector and non-governmental organizationsand advanced degrees in law engineering finance policy and environmental science
Key areas of focus and expertise bull Power Sector bull Oil and Gas Industry bull Transportation and Electric Vehicle Technology and Policy bull Engineering and Technical Services
We apply our skills to help clients with issues including bull Market implications of emerging laws and regulations bull Market entry strategies for emerging technologies bull Investment strategies for environmental markets bull Investment due diligence bull Stakeholder coalitions on long-term energy sector strategy bull Tracking state regional and federal energy and environmental initiatives
7
-E conEdison = Exelon
~ nationalgrid rtilDom1n1on
11c11110 r1s here The power of action
NewYorkPower Authority
~ Seattle City Light
cip
NEXTera-E~
tic LPINE0 -
Los Angeles Department of Water amp Power
BAE SYSTEMS ~ Massachusetts Bay ~ Transportation Authority
MJB P A
[ CSX ] How tomorrow moves
bullbull bullbull
NESCAUM
O cENTER ~ NEW ENERGY ECONOMY
CLEANAIR) TASK FORCE
WOR
(t ceres
EDF-ENVlAONMENTA~ DEFENSE FUND
Findng1hewaysthat w0fk
Ritilf RC F I NTl ru r E
GEORGETOWN CL MATE G NTER
ENERGY FOUNDATION hlild ng a new ner~ lut1Jre
Barr Foundation
merck family fund pr llC1~ l111 pahorJbull11~ru-l bull atr11t1llw11uia Jbull ori_IOlAUJlt
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Representative Clients Our clients are multi-national in scope and include energy and clean technology firms environmental groups transportation companies and government agencies
Energy Sector Clients
Municipal and Government Clients
Think Tanks Policy Institutes amp Advocacy
Group Clients
Foundations
Transportation Sector Clients
8
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
MJB P A
Decarbonization Analyses
Several state and national studies identify the key strategies for economy-wide decarbonization
bull Energy Efficiency - Energy intensity of GDP must decline by 70 to 2050 (Nationally)
bull Decarbonized electricity - Near complete decarbonization of electricity
bull Fuel switching ndash Electrification where possible
bull Decarbonize fuels ndash Liquid and gas
3
Manufacturing Commercial Bu ii dings Residential
MJB P A
bull Other
bull Office Equipment
bull Computing
bull Cooking
bull Lighting
Refrigeration
bull Water Heating
bull Space Heating
Processes
bull Boilers
bull Other Process Heat
Share of Natural Gas End Use by Sector
2016 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector amp End Use
trillion cubic feet
Source US EIA Annual Energy Review (May 2017) US Natural Gas Consumption by End Use MJBampA analysis to apportion shares by end use based on available data (2010 RECs for Residential 2010 MECS for Industrial and 2012 CBECs for Commercial Buildings)
4
MJB P A
LDC Challenges and Opportunities
RNG allows LDCs to use existing natural gas distribution system to deliver a renewable fuel and decarbonize the fuel supplied to customers
Challenges Potential Solutions
bull Upfront capital costs gas processing interconnection pipeline laterals
bull Utilities subject to least-cost requirements
bull Lack of gas quality standards creates uncertainty for both developers and utilities
bull Availability of RNG supply in a given state or region
bull Voluntary RNG customer offerings bull FortisBC DTE Energy Vermont Gas
bull Direct contracting to large end users bull Corporations and institutions with sustainability goals
bull Renewable Thermal Collaborative bull Renewable Gas Standards ndash following Renewable Portfolio Standards
bull State policy action bull Interconnectiongas quality standards
bull Funding mechanisms bull Regulator consideration of climateeconomic benefit of RNG investment
5
MJB amp A MJ Bradley amp Associates LLC
Concord MA Headquarters
47 Junction Square Drive Concord MA 02145 USA T +1 978 369 5533 F +1 978 369 7712
Washington DC
1225 Eye Street NW Suite 200 Washington DC 20005 USA T +1 202 525 5770
For more information visit wwwmjbradleycom
6
MJB P A
About Us MJ Bradley amp Associates (ldquoMJBampArdquo) is an internationally recognized consulting firm with an 21-yeartrack record advising industry NGOs and government agencies on environmental and energy policytechnology and implementation
Our staff has professional experience from public private sector and non-governmental organizationsand advanced degrees in law engineering finance policy and environmental science
Key areas of focus and expertise bull Power Sector bull Oil and Gas Industry bull Transportation and Electric Vehicle Technology and Policy bull Engineering and Technical Services
We apply our skills to help clients with issues including bull Market implications of emerging laws and regulations bull Market entry strategies for emerging technologies bull Investment strategies for environmental markets bull Investment due diligence bull Stakeholder coalitions on long-term energy sector strategy bull Tracking state regional and federal energy and environmental initiatives
7
-E conEdison = Exelon
~ nationalgrid rtilDom1n1on
11c11110 r1s here The power of action
NewYorkPower Authority
~ Seattle City Light
cip
NEXTera-E~
tic LPINE0 -
Los Angeles Department of Water amp Power
BAE SYSTEMS ~ Massachusetts Bay ~ Transportation Authority
MJB P A
[ CSX ] How tomorrow moves
bullbull bullbull
NESCAUM
O cENTER ~ NEW ENERGY ECONOMY
CLEANAIR) TASK FORCE
WOR
(t ceres
EDF-ENVlAONMENTA~ DEFENSE FUND
Findng1hewaysthat w0fk
Ritilf RC F I NTl ru r E
GEORGETOWN CL MATE G NTER
ENERGY FOUNDATION hlild ng a new ner~ lut1Jre
Barr Foundation
merck family fund pr llC1~ l111 pahorJbull11~ru-l bull atr11t1llw11uia Jbull ori_IOlAUJlt
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Representative Clients Our clients are multi-national in scope and include energy and clean technology firms environmental groups transportation companies and government agencies
Energy Sector Clients
Municipal and Government Clients
Think Tanks Policy Institutes amp Advocacy
Group Clients
Foundations
Transportation Sector Clients
8
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
Manufacturing Commercial Bu ii dings Residential
MJB P A
bull Other
bull Office Equipment
bull Computing
bull Cooking
bull Lighting
Refrigeration
bull Water Heating
bull Space Heating
Processes
bull Boilers
bull Other Process Heat
Share of Natural Gas End Use by Sector
2016 Natural Gas Consumption by Sector amp End Use
trillion cubic feet
Source US EIA Annual Energy Review (May 2017) US Natural Gas Consumption by End Use MJBampA analysis to apportion shares by end use based on available data (2010 RECs for Residential 2010 MECS for Industrial and 2012 CBECs for Commercial Buildings)
4
MJB P A
LDC Challenges and Opportunities
RNG allows LDCs to use existing natural gas distribution system to deliver a renewable fuel and decarbonize the fuel supplied to customers
Challenges Potential Solutions
bull Upfront capital costs gas processing interconnection pipeline laterals
bull Utilities subject to least-cost requirements
bull Lack of gas quality standards creates uncertainty for both developers and utilities
bull Availability of RNG supply in a given state or region
bull Voluntary RNG customer offerings bull FortisBC DTE Energy Vermont Gas
bull Direct contracting to large end users bull Corporations and institutions with sustainability goals
bull Renewable Thermal Collaborative bull Renewable Gas Standards ndash following Renewable Portfolio Standards
bull State policy action bull Interconnectiongas quality standards
bull Funding mechanisms bull Regulator consideration of climateeconomic benefit of RNG investment
5
MJB amp A MJ Bradley amp Associates LLC
Concord MA Headquarters
47 Junction Square Drive Concord MA 02145 USA T +1 978 369 5533 F +1 978 369 7712
Washington DC
1225 Eye Street NW Suite 200 Washington DC 20005 USA T +1 202 525 5770
For more information visit wwwmjbradleycom
6
MJB P A
About Us MJ Bradley amp Associates (ldquoMJBampArdquo) is an internationally recognized consulting firm with an 21-yeartrack record advising industry NGOs and government agencies on environmental and energy policytechnology and implementation
Our staff has professional experience from public private sector and non-governmental organizationsand advanced degrees in law engineering finance policy and environmental science
Key areas of focus and expertise bull Power Sector bull Oil and Gas Industry bull Transportation and Electric Vehicle Technology and Policy bull Engineering and Technical Services
We apply our skills to help clients with issues including bull Market implications of emerging laws and regulations bull Market entry strategies for emerging technologies bull Investment strategies for environmental markets bull Investment due diligence bull Stakeholder coalitions on long-term energy sector strategy bull Tracking state regional and federal energy and environmental initiatives
7
-E conEdison = Exelon
~ nationalgrid rtilDom1n1on
11c11110 r1s here The power of action
NewYorkPower Authority
~ Seattle City Light
cip
NEXTera-E~
tic LPINE0 -
Los Angeles Department of Water amp Power
BAE SYSTEMS ~ Massachusetts Bay ~ Transportation Authority
MJB P A
[ CSX ] How tomorrow moves
bullbull bullbull
NESCAUM
O cENTER ~ NEW ENERGY ECONOMY
CLEANAIR) TASK FORCE
WOR
(t ceres
EDF-ENVlAONMENTA~ DEFENSE FUND
Findng1hewaysthat w0fk
Ritilf RC F I NTl ru r E
GEORGETOWN CL MATE G NTER
ENERGY FOUNDATION hlild ng a new ner~ lut1Jre
Barr Foundation
merck family fund pr llC1~ l111 pahorJbull11~ru-l bull atr11t1llw11uia Jbull ori_IOlAUJlt
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Representative Clients Our clients are multi-national in scope and include energy and clean technology firms environmental groups transportation companies and government agencies
Energy Sector Clients
Municipal and Government Clients
Think Tanks Policy Institutes amp Advocacy
Group Clients
Foundations
Transportation Sector Clients
8
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
MJB P A
LDC Challenges and Opportunities
RNG allows LDCs to use existing natural gas distribution system to deliver a renewable fuel and decarbonize the fuel supplied to customers
Challenges Potential Solutions
bull Upfront capital costs gas processing interconnection pipeline laterals
bull Utilities subject to least-cost requirements
bull Lack of gas quality standards creates uncertainty for both developers and utilities
bull Availability of RNG supply in a given state or region
bull Voluntary RNG customer offerings bull FortisBC DTE Energy Vermont Gas
bull Direct contracting to large end users bull Corporations and institutions with sustainability goals
bull Renewable Thermal Collaborative bull Renewable Gas Standards ndash following Renewable Portfolio Standards
bull State policy action bull Interconnectiongas quality standards
bull Funding mechanisms bull Regulator consideration of climateeconomic benefit of RNG investment
5
MJB amp A MJ Bradley amp Associates LLC
Concord MA Headquarters
47 Junction Square Drive Concord MA 02145 USA T +1 978 369 5533 F +1 978 369 7712
Washington DC
1225 Eye Street NW Suite 200 Washington DC 20005 USA T +1 202 525 5770
For more information visit wwwmjbradleycom
6
MJB P A
About Us MJ Bradley amp Associates (ldquoMJBampArdquo) is an internationally recognized consulting firm with an 21-yeartrack record advising industry NGOs and government agencies on environmental and energy policytechnology and implementation
Our staff has professional experience from public private sector and non-governmental organizationsand advanced degrees in law engineering finance policy and environmental science
Key areas of focus and expertise bull Power Sector bull Oil and Gas Industry bull Transportation and Electric Vehicle Technology and Policy bull Engineering and Technical Services
We apply our skills to help clients with issues including bull Market implications of emerging laws and regulations bull Market entry strategies for emerging technologies bull Investment strategies for environmental markets bull Investment due diligence bull Stakeholder coalitions on long-term energy sector strategy bull Tracking state regional and federal energy and environmental initiatives
7
-E conEdison = Exelon
~ nationalgrid rtilDom1n1on
11c11110 r1s here The power of action
NewYorkPower Authority
~ Seattle City Light
cip
NEXTera-E~
tic LPINE0 -
Los Angeles Department of Water amp Power
BAE SYSTEMS ~ Massachusetts Bay ~ Transportation Authority
MJB P A
[ CSX ] How tomorrow moves
bullbull bullbull
NESCAUM
O cENTER ~ NEW ENERGY ECONOMY
CLEANAIR) TASK FORCE
WOR
(t ceres
EDF-ENVlAONMENTA~ DEFENSE FUND
Findng1hewaysthat w0fk
Ritilf RC F I NTl ru r E
GEORGETOWN CL MATE G NTER
ENERGY FOUNDATION hlild ng a new ner~ lut1Jre
Barr Foundation
merck family fund pr llC1~ l111 pahorJbull11~ru-l bull atr11t1llw11uia Jbull ori_IOlAUJlt
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Representative Clients Our clients are multi-national in scope and include energy and clean technology firms environmental groups transportation companies and government agencies
Energy Sector Clients
Municipal and Government Clients
Think Tanks Policy Institutes amp Advocacy
Group Clients
Foundations
Transportation Sector Clients
8
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
MJB amp A MJ Bradley amp Associates LLC
Concord MA Headquarters
47 Junction Square Drive Concord MA 02145 USA T +1 978 369 5533 F +1 978 369 7712
Washington DC
1225 Eye Street NW Suite 200 Washington DC 20005 USA T +1 202 525 5770
For more information visit wwwmjbradleycom
6
MJB P A
About Us MJ Bradley amp Associates (ldquoMJBampArdquo) is an internationally recognized consulting firm with an 21-yeartrack record advising industry NGOs and government agencies on environmental and energy policytechnology and implementation
Our staff has professional experience from public private sector and non-governmental organizationsand advanced degrees in law engineering finance policy and environmental science
Key areas of focus and expertise bull Power Sector bull Oil and Gas Industry bull Transportation and Electric Vehicle Technology and Policy bull Engineering and Technical Services
We apply our skills to help clients with issues including bull Market implications of emerging laws and regulations bull Market entry strategies for emerging technologies bull Investment strategies for environmental markets bull Investment due diligence bull Stakeholder coalitions on long-term energy sector strategy bull Tracking state regional and federal energy and environmental initiatives
7
-E conEdison = Exelon
~ nationalgrid rtilDom1n1on
11c11110 r1s here The power of action
NewYorkPower Authority
~ Seattle City Light
cip
NEXTera-E~
tic LPINE0 -
Los Angeles Department of Water amp Power
BAE SYSTEMS ~ Massachusetts Bay ~ Transportation Authority
MJB P A
[ CSX ] How tomorrow moves
bullbull bullbull
NESCAUM
O cENTER ~ NEW ENERGY ECONOMY
CLEANAIR) TASK FORCE
WOR
(t ceres
EDF-ENVlAONMENTA~ DEFENSE FUND
Findng1hewaysthat w0fk
Ritilf RC F I NTl ru r E
GEORGETOWN CL MATE G NTER
ENERGY FOUNDATION hlild ng a new ner~ lut1Jre
Barr Foundation
merck family fund pr llC1~ l111 pahorJbull11~ru-l bull atr11t1llw11uia Jbull ori_IOlAUJlt
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Representative Clients Our clients are multi-national in scope and include energy and clean technology firms environmental groups transportation companies and government agencies
Energy Sector Clients
Municipal and Government Clients
Think Tanks Policy Institutes amp Advocacy
Group Clients
Foundations
Transportation Sector Clients
8
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
MJB P A
About Us MJ Bradley amp Associates (ldquoMJBampArdquo) is an internationally recognized consulting firm with an 21-yeartrack record advising industry NGOs and government agencies on environmental and energy policytechnology and implementation
Our staff has professional experience from public private sector and non-governmental organizationsand advanced degrees in law engineering finance policy and environmental science
Key areas of focus and expertise bull Power Sector bull Oil and Gas Industry bull Transportation and Electric Vehicle Technology and Policy bull Engineering and Technical Services
We apply our skills to help clients with issues including bull Market implications of emerging laws and regulations bull Market entry strategies for emerging technologies bull Investment strategies for environmental markets bull Investment due diligence bull Stakeholder coalitions on long-term energy sector strategy bull Tracking state regional and federal energy and environmental initiatives
7
-E conEdison = Exelon
~ nationalgrid rtilDom1n1on
11c11110 r1s here The power of action
NewYorkPower Authority
~ Seattle City Light
cip
NEXTera-E~
tic LPINE0 -
Los Angeles Department of Water amp Power
BAE SYSTEMS ~ Massachusetts Bay ~ Transportation Authority
MJB P A
[ CSX ] How tomorrow moves
bullbull bullbull
NESCAUM
O cENTER ~ NEW ENERGY ECONOMY
CLEANAIR) TASK FORCE
WOR
(t ceres
EDF-ENVlAONMENTA~ DEFENSE FUND
Findng1hewaysthat w0fk
Ritilf RC F I NTl ru r E
GEORGETOWN CL MATE G NTER
ENERGY FOUNDATION hlild ng a new ner~ lut1Jre
Barr Foundation
merck family fund pr llC1~ l111 pahorJbull11~ru-l bull atr11t1llw11uia Jbull ori_IOlAUJlt
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Representative Clients Our clients are multi-national in scope and include energy and clean technology firms environmental groups transportation companies and government agencies
Energy Sector Clients
Municipal and Government Clients
Think Tanks Policy Institutes amp Advocacy
Group Clients
Foundations
Transportation Sector Clients
8
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
-E conEdison = Exelon
~ nationalgrid rtilDom1n1on
11c11110 r1s here The power of action
NewYorkPower Authority
~ Seattle City Light
cip
NEXTera-E~
tic LPINE0 -
Los Angeles Department of Water amp Power
BAE SYSTEMS ~ Massachusetts Bay ~ Transportation Authority
MJB P A
[ CSX ] How tomorrow moves
bullbull bullbull
NESCAUM
O cENTER ~ NEW ENERGY ECONOMY
CLEANAIR) TASK FORCE
WOR
(t ceres
EDF-ENVlAONMENTA~ DEFENSE FUND
Findng1hewaysthat w0fk
Ritilf RC F I NTl ru r E
GEORGETOWN CL MATE G NTER
ENERGY FOUNDATION hlild ng a new ner~ lut1Jre
Barr Foundation
merck family fund pr llC1~ l111 pahorJbull11~ru-l bull atr11t1llw11uia Jbull ori_IOlAUJlt
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Representative Clients Our clients are multi-national in scope and include energy and clean technology firms environmental groups transportation companies and government agencies
Energy Sector Clients
Municipal and Government Clients
Think Tanks Policy Institutes amp Advocacy
Group Clients
Foundations
Transportation Sector Clients
8
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
-
MJB P A
Cumulative Household GHG Emissions with RNG
A home using RNG would generate roughly one quarter the CO2 emissions of a home using electricity
0
20
40
60
80 NG Electricity RNG
Cumulative CO2 Em
issions (tons)
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
9
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
MJB P A
Comparison of Bus Fleet GHG Emissions Projected Annual Fleet GHG Emissions Using Different Fuels
Annual CO2e (tons) Baseline Low NOx CNG Bus amp RNG
Electric Bus (Depot Charge) Electric Bus (Depot amp In-Route) 450000
Fuel Cell Bus (SMR) Fuel Cell Bus (Electrolysis)
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055
Source Ramboll Environ US Corporation MJBampA Note The analysis assumed that GHG emissions from electricity generation in California would be 262 gkWh in 2015 falling to 109 gkWh in 2050 2015 emissions are actual average values based on EIA data Projected future emissions are based on zero-carbon electricity generation in California increasing from 46 today to 78 in 2050 in accordance with state goals Fleet-wide deployment of electric buses is assumed to be uneconomical until 2025
10
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