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Natura 2000 in the Rochefort Marshland (France)
The history of the situation
Two different ways of understanding wetland management of Atlantic Marshes :
1. One of these is centred on the high agronomic potential of the wetland
2. The other one is centred on the wetland’s high biological potential
Changes in understanding
Changesin
practices
Rochefort wetland history
Natura 2000 Atlantic Maritime Marshes
• Different stakeholders– Farmers:-
• Marshland drainage realises agronomic potential
– Municipalities• Marshland drainage controls flooding
– Nature conservation interests• Flooding allows full expression of ecological value.
Assumptions
• We can identify the (eco)systems involved, and set boundaries on them
• There is an ideal steady state for any ecosystem/water body– Science can define this state, and determine
how to achieve it
Ecological constraints 2
• Different stakeholders see different systems, with different ecological constraints
• Therefore, need to co-construct these constraints.
Ecological constraints 2
• Different stakeholders see different systems, with different vulnerabilities
• Therefore, need to co-construct these constraints.
Problem or Issue?
Interdependencies
? Uncertainty
Controversy
Complexity
ISSUE / MESS
The Nyae Nyae: Stakeholders Perceived Problems
The J/’hoansi: - Too many elephants and lions- Tourist insensitivity- Illegal poaching- Wildfires- Too little prescribed burning
Hereos:No access to area with cattlePerceived with mistrust
Tourist Operators:- Restricted access- Poor people
The Ministry of Forestry- Illegal burning!!!
The Ministry of Wildlife and Tourism- Illegal poaching/grazing and hunting- Insufficient water for wildlife- Low Wildlife abundance
WWF-US- Illegal poaching/grazing and hunting- Insufficient water for wildlife- Low Wildlife abundance
Table: Positive Realist vs PAR (Constuctionist) Issue
Positive Realist PAR (Constructionist)
Nature of Reality Realist Single
Constructed Multiple
Starting Point
Theory Generalisable Language Outside
Observation Contextual Language Inside
Subjects Understanding
Irrevelant
Fundamental Contextual
Researchers Role
Subject to object Detached Outside Expert
Subject to subject Involved Reflective partner
Objectivity
Absolutist Static
Relativist Dynamic
The Aim
Explain Evaluate
Understand Change
Epistemology: Grounds for Knowing something!!
Stakeholders have little
input
Stakeholders have lots of
input
Goals are jointly set
Vulnerabilty have been set
in advance
Level One Knowing
Level Two Knowing
Level Three KnowingEpistemic Research
Meta Research
Research
