NATO PSOs (ISAF) and Defence Economics Issues

Dr. Szenes Zoltán CScZM NDU Department of Security and

Defence Policy

Conference on Peace Support Operations and Defence Economics. 29 May 2008

NATO: Level of Commitment

20072002

Bosnia

Kosovo

OAE

NRFConcept

OAE

Kosovo

Afghanistan

Baltic &Slovenian

Air policing

HumanitarianRelief

NRF FOC

PPs

Iraq

AfricaBalkan NHQ

DefenceReformBosnia

1996

Force Providers to the ongoing PSOs

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

INTEGRATED MILITARY STRUCTURE

NATO RESOURCE PILLARS

BUDGETS

AGENCYBUDGETS

CIVILBUDGET

MILITARYBUDGET

NSIP

FIXEDINFRASTRUCTURE

DEPLOYABLESTRATEGICEQUIPMENT

MANPOWER

CIVILIANMANPOWER

MILITARYMANPOWER

NATO’s three resource pillars

National and NATO resources

• Nations spend: – 2.7% of GDP on defence

• Of this nations spend:– 0.44% on NATO (MB 0.17%)

• What does this buy?• The “glue” of the alliance.» Integrated command structure» Combined exercises» NATO Response Force (NRF)» NAEW

»Missions and Operations

NATO Resources 2007

1 rough estimate (base on cca 13K military posts in the PE)

Funding source M€ M$Military Budget 1,048 1,350

186 240640 824

Common funded 1,874 2,413

800 1,0302,674 3,444

Civil BudgetNSIP

Military Manpower1

Total

PSO Military Budget tendency

65,941,168

51,637,166148,187,010

58,112,990

232,982,184

56,417,816

0

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

300,000,000

MEuro

2006 2007 2008

Initial budgets

Others

ISAF

ISAF NSIP and Military Budget (2007)

ISAF 79%

514 M€

BALKANS

18 %

NTM-I 3%

ISAF 78%

206.3 M€

KFOR 10%

JFC 3%

NHQ Sa 2%

NTM-I 6%

NSIP

647.5 M€

MILITARY BUDGET266.4 M€

Funding Mechanisms

• Common funded---NAMSA

• Funded by NATO nations through established cost-shares (Funding eligibility- Funding principle)

• Multi-nationally funded (Joint) --- MN Logistics

• Funded by agreement (CAOCs, NRDC HQs)

• Trust funding

• Nationally funded--- Contracting and Outsoursing

• Funded by individual nations

ISAF Mission

• Mission:– Assist the Afghan government to maintain security; – Facilitate the development of Afghan government

structures;– Extend Afghan government control; and– Assist reconstruction and humanitarian efforts.

• Desired Military End-state:– That Afghan National Security Forces are able to provide

security and sustain stability in Afghanistan without NATO support.

Afghanistan Development

INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITYISAF OEFUNAMA-NGOs

SECURITY SECTOR REFORM

Counter Narcotics

UnitedKingdom

Lead

Judicial Reform

ItalyLead

DisarmamentOf Illegally

Armed Groups(DIAG)

JapanLead

Train theAfghan

NationalArmy

UnitedStatesLead

TrainPoliceForces

EULead

Afghan Compact 2007

Bucharest Summit

• Top priority

• Clear Vision guided by four principles a firm and shared long-term commitment Support for enhanced Afghan leadership and responsibility a comprehensive approach by the IC, bringing together

civilian and military effortsIncreased cooperation and engagement with Pakistan’s

neighbours

• Political-Military Plan

US CENTCOM CINC Strategic Guidance

• Set conditions for security and strenghten governance in Afghanistan

Working with ISAF , conduct operations, that provide security, stability, and maturing governance to the people of Afghanistan. Through Combined Security Transition Command (CSTC-A) continue to develope and grow the Afghanistan Security Forces

(Lt Gen M.E. Dempsey)

Current ISAF Infra Projects• Kandahar AirfieldKandahar Airfield

– Demining

– Airfield Operating Surfaces

– Airfield Operational Facilities

– Roads

– Bulk Fuel Installation

– Combined Air Terminal Ops (CATO)

– Environmental Baseline Study

– Air Traffic Control Tower

– Waste Water Treatment Plant

– APOD NATO Support Element

– Hazardous Material Cargo Pad

– Theater Map Depot

– Taxiway D2 reconstruction

– Role 3 Medical Treatment Facility

– Real Estate Expansion

– Domestic accommodations

– Operational accommodation

– Water and Sewer system

• Mazar-e-SharifMazar-e-Sharif– Aircraft Operating Surfaces, Patrol

Road, Main and Sliding Gates, Morale & Welfare Compound, Runway, Maintenance facility

• BagramBagram– Rotary and fixed wing Aircraft

Operating Surfaces

• KAIA North & RelocationKAIA North & Relocation– Mine and UXO Clearance, Aircraft

Operating Surfaces, APOD Operational & Domestic Facilities,Environmental Baseline Study,MEDEVAC Rotary Wing Parking Apron, Perimeter road, Force protection

Operational Logistics Support Projects

KAF RLS & APOD Projects

NAMSA “junction” ties NAMSA “junction” ties NATO and Nations NATO and Nations

to the highway to KAF to the highway to KAF

Security Issues

• Talibans’ Long term goal: take over the power• Priority: South, East and West Concept: 1. Code of Conduct (attack the

people of the goverment) 2. Operation Lesson (ISAF,

foreigners)

3. Complex Operations (collateral demage)

Insurgents Use Of IEDs

50 % IED incidents, ISAF casualties- 53 % IEDs are simply the insurgents’ method of

achieving their short term military and longer term political aims.

Had they access to “conventional” weapons they would use them.

When ISAF efforts negate the effects of one type of IED they will seek alternatives.

IEDs can be used for “spectaculars” as well as tactical attacks.

Results and Challenges

• Contribution to Security and Stability (PRTs)

• Security becomes more and more important

• New Force Contributions

• Real Fight with Insurgents

• Long term mission- huge invesment

LOGAR

ZARANJ

KUNDUZMAZAR-E SHARIF

JALALABAD

QALAT

SHARANA

KANDAHAR

FARAH

LASHKAR GAH

HERAT

GARDEZ

FEYZABAD

QAL’EH-YE NOW

MEYMANEH

CHAGHCHARAN

PUL-E-KHUMRI

ASADABAD

NILLI

TARIN KOWT

GHAZNI

KHOST

NURISTAN

BAMYAN PARWAN METHARLAM

PANJSHIR

WARDAK

LOGAR

ZARANJ

KUNDUZMAZAR-E SHARIF

JALALABAD

QALAT

SHARANA

KANDAHAR

FARAH

LASHKAR GAH

HERAT

GARDEZ

FEYZABAD

QAL’EH-YE NOW

MEYMANEH

CHAGHCHARAN

PUL-E-KHUMRI

ASADABAD

NILLI

TARIN KOWT

GHAZNI

KHOST

NURISTAN

BAMYAN PARWAN METHARLAM

PANJSHIR

WARDAK

Thank you for your attention!

Questions?